travail sur module wlf

OptionalModule-WLF/FSI-StandardChinese-OptionalModuleWLF-StudentText.txt

@@ -2324,725 +2324,396 @@ REFERENCE LIST
 
 Personal Welfare Module, Unit 6 Accidents and Difficulties
 
-1. Zāogāo! Zěnme ban? Wǒde hùzhào diū le.
+1.	 Zāogāo! Zěnme ban? Wǒde hùzhào diū le.	Oh, no! What am I going to do? I've lost my passport.
 
-2. Wǒ xiǎng nǐ děi dào Jǐngchájú qù zhǎo jǐngchá tányitan.
+2.	 Wǒ xiǎng nǐ děi dào jǐngchájú qù zhǎo jǐngchá tányitan.	I think you should go to the police station and find a policeman to talk it over with.
 
-3. Jǐngchájú yǒu fānyì ma?
+3.	 Jǐngchájú yǒu fānyì ma?	Are there interpreters at the police station?
 
-4.   ”Wàishì” jiù shi wàiguo rénde
+4.	 “Wàishì” jiù shi wàiguo rénde shìqing.	”Wàishì” means matters having to do with foreigners.
 
-shìqing.
+5.	 Wǒ bǎ jiàshǐ zhízhào diū le.	I've lost my driver's license.
 
-5. Wǒ bǎ jiàshǐ zhízhào diū le.
+6.	 Jīntiān zǎoshang wǒ cái fāxiàn diū le.	I didn't discover I'd lost it until this morning.
 
-6. Jintiān zǎoshang wǒ cái fāxiàn diū le.
+7.	 Wǒ xǐwàng néng kuài yìdiǎnr lǐng yíge xīnde.	I hope I can get a new one quickly.
 
-7. Wǒ xǐwàng néng kuài yIdiǎnr ling yíge xlnde.
+8.	 Yàoburán bù néng kāi chē, bù fāngbian.	Otherwise it will be inconvenient not being able to drive.
 
-8. Yàoburān bù néng kāi chē, bù fāngbian.
+9.	 Nǐ qù zhào xiàng.	Go and have your picture taken.
 
-9. Nǐ qù zhào xiàng.
+10.	 Gōng'ānjú	Bureau of Public Security
 
-10. Gōng'ānjú
-
-11. wàishì jǐngchá
-
-Oh, no! What am I going to do? I've lost my passport.
-
-I think you should go to the police station and find a policeman to talk
-it over with.
-
-Are there interpreters at the police station?
-
-”Wàishì” means matters having to do with foreigners.
-
-I've lost my driver's license.
-
-I didn't discover I'd lost it until this morning.
-
-I hope I can get a new one quickly.
-
-Otherwise it will be inconvenient not being able to drive.
-
-Go and have your picture taken.
-
-Bureau of Public Security
-
-foreign affairs policeman
+11.	 wàishì jǐngchá	foreign affairs policeman
 
 REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I
 
-zāogāo: ”too bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,” literally,
-”rotten-cake.” This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often
-equivalent to ”Oh no!”:
-
-Zāogāo! Wǒ wàngle dài fēijǐ- Oh, no! I forgot to bring the piào le!
-                           plane tickets!
-
-As an adjectival verb, zāogāo means ”to be in a mess, to be in a bad
-state,” as in:
+zāogāo: “too bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,” literally, “rotten-cake.” This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to “Oh no!”:
 
-Nàrde qíngxing hěn zāogāo.         The situation there is a mess.
+Zāogāo! Wǒ wàngle dài fēijīpiào le!	 Oh, no! I forgot to bring the plane tickets!
 
-Zhèiběn shū xiěde zhēn zāogāo. This book is terribly written.
+As an adjectival verb, zāogāo means “to be in a mess, to be in a bad state,” as in:
 
-Tā hěn zāogāo.                       He's in a very bad way.
+Nàrde qíngxing hěn zāogāo.	         The situation there is a mess.
 
-Yàoshi zhèige bìngrén láide zài If this patient had come any later wān
-yidiǎnr jiù zāogāo le.         than he did, he would have been
+Zhèiběn shū xiěde zhēn zāogāo.	 This book is terribly written.
 
-in a real mess (in big trouble).
+Tā hěn zāogāo.	                       He's in a very bad way.
 
-diū: ”to lose” You can analyze the sentence Wode hùzhào diū le this way:
+Yàoshi zhèige bìngrén láide zài wǎn yìdiǎnr jiù zāogāo le. 	If this patient had come any later than he did, he would have been in a real mess (in big trouble).
 
------------------------ ---------------------
-Wode hùzhào             diū le.
-As for my passport, .   (it has been) lost.
------------------------ ---------------------
+diū: “to lose” You can analyze the sentence Wode hùzhào diū le this way:
 
-In some areas of China (including Taiwan) you would hear the word diào
-instead of diū: Wode hùzhào diào le.
+Wǒde hùzhào	             diū le.
+As for my passport,	  (it has been) lost.
 
-fānyì: ”to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter” Also
-pronounced fānyi (with a neutral-tone yi).
+In some areas of China (including Taiwan) you would hear the word diào instead of diū: Wǒde hùzhào diào le.
 
-shìqing: ”matter, affair, business, thing.” Shìqing refers to abstract
-things, while dōngxi refers to concrete things.
+fānyì: “to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter” Also pronounced fānyi (with a neutral-tone yi).
 
-jiàshǐ zhízhào: ”driver's license” Jiàshǐ is ”to drive (a vehicle).”
+shìqing: “matter, affair, business, thing.” Shìqing refers to abstract things, while dōngxi refers to concrete things.
 
-Zhízhào is a ”license, permit.”
+jiàshǐ zhízhào: “driver's license” jiàshǐ is “to drive (a vehicle).” Zhízhào is a “license, permit.”
 
-fāxiàn: ”to discover, to find, to find out”
+fāxiàn: “to discover, to find, to find out”
 
-Wǒ zài zhèr fāxiànle yige          I've discovered a problem here,
+Wǒ zài zhèr fāxiànle yige wèntí.	         I've discovered a problem here,
 
-wèntí.
-
-Zhèi shi gāng fāxiànde yìzhǒng This is a new kind of medicine xǐnde yào.
-                         which has Just been discovered.
+Zhèi shi gāng fāxiànde yìzhǒng xǐnde yào.	 This is a new kind of medicine which has Just been discovered.
 
 The object of fāxiàn may also be a clause:
 
-Wo huílaile yǐhòu Jiu fāxiàn When I came back I discovered that tā
-yǐjīng zǒu le.                  he had already left.
-
-The expression Wǒ fāxiàn . . . can often be translated as ”I notice that
-. . .”or ”I find that . ì It often prefaces a personal observation, as
-in:
-
-Wǒ fāxiàn hěn duō Měiguo rén juéde you háizi hěn máfan.
-
-Wǒ fāxiàn nǐ hěn xǐhuan xīnde dōngxi.
-
-As a noun, fāxiàn means ”discovery”:
-
-Zhèi shi yíge hěn zhòngyàode fāxiàn.
-
-I find that many Americans feel that it’s a lot of trouble to have
-children.
+Wǒ huílaile yǐhòu jiu fāxiàn tā yǐjīng zǒu le. 	When I came back I discovered that he had already left.
 
-I notice (or, ”l get the impression”) that you like new things very
-much.
+The expression Wǒ fāxiàn ... can often be translated as “I notice that ...”or “I find that ...”. It often prefaces a personal observation, as in:
 
-This is a very important discovery.
+Wǒ fāxiàn hěn duō Měiguo rén juéde yǒu háizi hěn máfan.	I find that many Americans feel that it’s a lot of trouble to have children.
 
-cái: ”then and only then, not until” This adverb should be used when an
-event happens relatively late: ”not until this morning.” Cái is the
-opposite of jiù, the word for ”then” when something happens sooner or
-earlier. When a sentence using cái describes a completed action, the
-verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that fāxiàn in
-sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example:
+Wǒ fāxiàn nǐ hěn xǐhuan xīnde dōngxi.	I notice (or, “I get the impression”) that you like new things very much.
 
-Tā zuótiān cái gàosu wo.
+As a noun, fāxiàn means “discovery”:
 
-He didn’t tell me until yesterday.
+Zhèi shi yíge hěn zhòngyàode fāxiàn.	This is a very important discovery.
 
-kuài yidiǎnr: ”a little more quickly,” or as in No. 7, ”soon.” Kuài
-yidiǎnr gives the impression of being even sooner than zǎo yidiǎnr. Both
-mean ”soon.”
+cái: “then and only then, not until” This adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: “not until this morning.” Cái is the opposite of jiù, the word for “then” when something happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using cái describes a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that fāxiàn in sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example:
 
-lǐng: ”to receive, to get, to pick up, to collect” something that is
-issued or given (a prize, salary, materials, passport, etc.)
+Tā zuótiān cái gàosu wǒ.	He didn’t tell me until yesterday.
 
-yàoburán: ”otherwise,” literally ”if-not-thus.” Like kěshi ”but” and
-dànshi ”but, however,” yàoburán always comes at the front of the clause
-in which it occurs.
+kuài yidiǎnr: “a little more quickly,” or as in No. 7, “soon.” Kuài yidiǎnr gives the impression of being even sooner than zǎo yidiǎnr. Both mean “soon.”
 
-Wǒ děi mǎshàng zǒu, yàoburán wǒ jiù wǎn le.
+lǐng: “to receive, to get, to pick up, to collect” something that is issued or given (a prize, salary, materials, passport, etc.)
 
-Wǒ děi zuò fēijī qù, yàoburán jiù tài màn le.
+yàoburán: “otherwise,” literally “if-not-thus.” Like kěshi “but” and dànshi “but, however,” yàoburán always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs.
 
-I have to go right away, otherwise I'll be late.
+Wǒ děi mǎshàng zǒu, yàoburán wǒ jiù wǎn le.	I have to go right away, otherwise I'll be late.
 
-I have to take a plane, otherwise it’ll be too slow.
+Wǒ děi zuò fēijī qù, yàoburán jiù tài màn le.	I have to take a plane, otherwise it’ll be too slow.
 
-zhào xiàng: ”to take a picture,” literally, ”illuminate-image.” You
-already learned zhàoxiàngjǐ, ”camera,” in WLF Unit h, Part I. The
-counter for xiàng ”-pictures” is -zhāng (the same one as for tables,
-sheets of paper and other flat things). Zhào jǐzhāng xiàng thus means
-”to take a few pictures.” (When NOT using the word xiàng as the object
-of zhào, however, you should use zhàopiàn or xiàngpiàn for
-”photograph.”)
+zhào xiàng: “to take a picture,” literally, “illuminate-image.” You already learned zhàoxiàngjǐ, “camera,” in WLF Unit 4, Part I. The counter for xiàng “-pictures” is -zhāng (the same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things). Zhào jǐzhāng xiàng thus means “to take a few pictures.” (When NOT using the word xiàng as the object of zhào, however, you should use zhàopiàn or xiàngpiàn for “photograph.”)
 
-Like many verb-object expressions, zhào xiang has the potential
-ambiguity of meaning either ”to (verb) an (object )’* or ”to have an
-(object) (verb)-ed”: ”to take a picture” or ”to have one's picture
-taken.” You saw this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3‘-
+Like many verb-object expressions, zhào xiàng has the potential ambiguity of meaning either “to (verb) an (object )” or “to have an (object) (verb)-ed”: “to take a picture” or “to have one's picture taken.” You saw this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3:
 
------------- --------------------- ---- --------------------------
-jiǎn tóufa   to cut hair           to   have one’s hair cut
-xǐ tóu       to give a shampoo     to   get a shampoo
-guā húzi     to shave              to   have a shave
-cā pixie     to shine shoes        to   have one’s shoes shined
-tàng tóufa   to give a permanent   to   get a permanent
-Juǎn tóufa   to curl hair          to   have one's hair curled
-zhào xiàng   to take a picture     to   have one’s picture taken
------------- --------------------- ---- --------------------------
+jiǎn tóufa   	to cut hair           	to have one’s hair cut
+xǐ tóu       	to give a shampoo     	to get a shampoo
+guā húzi     	to shave              	to have a shave
+cā píxié     	to shine shoes        	to have one’s shoes shined
+tàng tóufa   	to give a permanent   	to get a permanent
+juǎn tóufa   	to curl hair          	to have one's hair curled
+zhào xiàng   	to take a picture     	to have one’s picture taken
 
-For example, in the case of zhào xiang, a photographer might say Wo qù
-zhào xiàng, ”I am going to take pictures”; but a person going to a
-photographer’s studio might say the same sentence, Wǒ qù zhào xiàng,
-meaning ”I am going to have my picture taken.”
+For example, in the case of zhào xiang, a photographer might say Wǒ qù zhào xiàng, “I am going to take pictures”; but a person going to a photographer’s studio might say the same sentence, Wǒ qù zhào xiàng, meaning “I am going to have my picture taken.”
 
-The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes
-any misunderstandings in practice. The context almost always makes it
-perfectly clear which meaning is intended.
+The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes any misunderstandings in practice. The context almost always makes it perfectly clear which meaning is intended.
 
 With these verb-object expressions, if you want to specify the person on
 whom the action is performed, you have to use a gěi phrase (you can’t
 make the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct
-object). For example, to say ”I’m going to take a picture of you,” say:.
+object). For example, to say “I’m going to take a picture of you,” say:.
 
-Likewise:
-
-Wǒ gěi nǐ zhào xiàng.
-
-Tā tàitai gěi ta jian tóufa.       His wife cuts his hair.
+Wǒ gěi nǐ zhào xiàng.	I’m going to take a picture of you.
 
-’Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a
-short exchange illustrating how zhào xiàng might be misunderstood and
-how the misunderstanding might be cleared up. (For this example you need
-to know zhàopiàn, ”photograph,” and zhàoxiàngguǎn, ”photography
-studio.”)
-
-A: Wǒ jīntiān zhào xiàng qu le.
-
-B: Zhào shénme? Zhào fēngjǐng ma?
+Likewise:
 
-A: Bú shì a. Yīnwèi wǒ yào lǐng hùzhào, děi yǒu zhàopiàn, suóyi wǒ qù
-zhàoxiàngguǎn qǐng tamen gěi wo zhào xiàng.
+Tā tàitai gěi ta jiǎn tóufa.	       His wife cuts his hair.
 
-Today I went to take pictures/ to have my picture taken.
+*Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a short exchange illustrating how zhào xiàng might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up. (For this example you need to know zhàopiàn, “photograph,” and zhàoxiàngguǎn, “photography studio.”)
 
-What did you take pictures of?
+A: Wǒ jīntiān zhào xiàng qu le.	Today I went to take pictures / to have my picture taken.
 
-Did you take pictures of scenery?
+B: Zhào shénme? Zhào fēngjǐng ma?	What did you take pictures of? Did you take pictures of scenery?
 
-No. I’m going to get a passport and need photographs, so I went to a
-photo studio and had them take my picture.
+A: Bú shì a. Yīnwèi wǒ yào lǐng hùzhào, děi yǒu zhàopiàn, suóyi wǒ qù zhàoxiàngguǎn qǐng tamen gěi wo zhào xiàng.	No. I’m going to get a passport and need photographs, so I went to a photo studio and had them take my picture.
 
-Here ”A” meant by his first sentence ”Today I went to have my picture
-taken.” but ”B” understood him to mean ”Today I went to take pictures.”
+Here “A” meant by his first sentence “Today I went to have my picture taken.” but “B” understood him to mean œToday I went to take pictures.”
 
-wàishì Jǐngchá: ”foreign affairs policemen,” those who Heal with foreign
-national:’..
+wàishì jǐngchá: “foreign affairs policemen,” those who Heal with foreign nationals.
 
-DIALOGUE FOB PAKT I
+DIALOGUE FOB PART I
 
 A foreign official in Běijǐng talks with a Chinese colleague.
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-M: Nǐ Jǐntiān zěnme lai   How come you are so
-zenme wan?             late today?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-F: Zhēn zāogāo!           It's Just awful!
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-M: Zěnme le?              What happened?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-F: Wǒ bǎ Jiàshǐ zhízhào   I’ve lost my driver's
-diū le.                license. I had to
-come by taxi.
-Wǒ shi zuò chūzū
-qìchē láide.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-M: Zài nǎr diūd'a?        Where did you lose
-it?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-F: Wǒ bù zhīdào. Jǐntiān  I don't know. I
-zǎoshang wǒ cái        didn't discover I'd
-fāxiàn diū le. Wǒ      lost it until this
-zěnme bàn? Yào dào     morning. What am I to
-jǐngchájú qù ma?       do? Should I go to
-the police station?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-M: Wǒ wènyiwèn Gǒng'ánjú  I'll ask the Bureau
-zěnme gěi ni lǐng      of Public Security
-yíge xǐnde.            how to get you a new
-one.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-F: Wǒ xǐwàng néng kuài    I hope it will be
-yidiǎnr. Yàoburán bù   soon. Otherwise it
-néng kāi che bù        will be' inconvenient
-fāngbiàn.              not being able to
-drive.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-M: Nà nǐ xiān qù zhào     Well, then, you go
-xiàng. Wǒ gěi ni       and get your picture
-wènwen zěnme bàn.      taken. I'll ask for
-you what you should
-do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
+M: 	Nǐ jǐntiān zěnme lái zenme wan?	  How come you are so late today?
+F: 	Zhēn zāogāo!	           It's Just awful!
+M:	 Zěnme le?	              What happened?
+F: 	Wǒ bǎ jiàshǐ zhízhào diū le.  Wǒ shi zuò chūzū qìchē láide. 	 I’ve lost my driver's license. I had to come by taxi.
+M: 	Zài nǎr diūd'a?	        Where did you lose it?
+F: 	Wǒ bù zhīdào. Jǐntiān zǎoshang wǒ cái fāxiàn diū le. Wǒ zěnme bàn? Yào dào jǐngchájú qù ma?   I don't know. I didn't discover I'd lost it until this morning. What am I to do? Should I go to the police station?
+M: 	Wǒ wènyiwèn Gǒng'ánjú zěnme gěi ni lǐng yíge xǐnde. 	 I'll ask the Bureau of Public Security how to get you a new one.
+F:	 Wǒ xǐwàng néng kuài yidiǎnr. Yàoburán bù néng kāi chē bù fāngbiàn. 	   I hope it will be soon. Otherwise it will be' inconvenient not being able to drive.
+M: 	Nà nǐ xiān qù zhào xiàng. Wǒ gěi ni wènwen zěnme bàn.	    Well, then, you go and get your picture taken. I'll ask for you what you should do.
 
 NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
 
-Zài nǎr diūd'a?: ”Where did you lose it?” d'a is a contraction of de and
-a. The whole sentence would be Nǐ shi zài nǎr diūde a?
+Zài nǎr diūd'a?: “Where did you lose it?” d'a is a contraction of de and a. The whole sentence would be Nǐ shi zài nǎr diūde a?
 
-REFERENCE LIST
-
-12. Ai! Shéi lai bangbang máng!
-
-13. Tā bèi qìchē zhuàng le.
-
-1U. Tā qí mōtuǒchē qíde tài kuài le.
-
-15. Wǒde tuǐ téngsǐ le!
-
-16. Nǐ liú xue le ma?
-
-17. Women xiān bǎ tā tái dao lù-biānrshang qu ba.
+Part 2
 
-18. Wode tuǐ dòngbuliǎo, dàgài gútou duàn le.
-
-19- Qǐng ni māshàng gěi yǐyuàn dǎ diànhuà.
-
-20. Bié zhāo j í.
-
-21. Wǒ zài zhèr kānzhe ta.
-
-22. -liáng
-
-23. jiùhùchē
+REFERENCE LIST
 
-Hey! Will someone please come help!
+12.	 Ài! Shéi lái bāngbang máng!	Hey! Will someone please come help!
 
-He was hit by a car.
+13.	 Tā bèi qìchē zhuàng le.	He was hit by a car.
 
-He was driving his motorcycle too fast.
+14.	 Tā qí mōtuǒchē qíde tài kuài le.	He was driving his motorcycle too fast.
 
-My leg is hurting me to death!
+15.	 Wǒde tuǐ téngsǐ le!	My leg is hurting me to death!
 
-Are you bleeding?
+16.	 Nǐ liú xuě le ma?	Are you bleeding?
 
-Let’s first carry him to the side of the road.
+17.	 Wǒmen xiān bǎ tā tái dao lùbiānrshang qu ba.	Let’s first carry him to the side of the road.
 
-I can’t move my leg, the bone is probably broken.
+18.	 Wǒde tuǐ dòngbuliǎo, dàgài gútou duàn le.	I can’t move my leg, the bone is probably broken.
 
-Please call the hospital immediately.
+19.	 Qǐng ni mǎshàng gěi yǐyuàn dǎ diànhuà.	Please call the hospital immediately.
 
-Don’t get upset.
+20.	 Bié zhāojí.	Don’t get upset.
 
-I’ll stay here and look after him
+21.	 Wǒ zài zhèr kānzhe ta.	I’ll stay here and look after him
 
-(counter for vehicles)
+22.	 -liáng	counter for vehicles
 
-ambulance
+23.	 jiùhùchē	ambulance
 
 REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II
 
-shéi: ”someone” The question word shéi ”who” can also be used to mean
-”someone.”
-
-bèi: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the
-action, similar to the English ”by” in passive sentences. In sentences
-with bèi it is the subject (tā in sentence 12) which received the action
-and the object of bèi (qǐchē in sentence 12) which did the action.
-
-Wode zìdiǎn bèi xuésheng           My dictionary was taken by a
-
-názǒu le.                            student.
-
-Tā bèi rén dǎsǐ le.                 He was beaten to death by someone.
-
-(dǎsǐ is literally ”hit to death)
-
-Bèi has a special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share:
-it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in
-the rest of the sentence:
-
-Wěde xǐn qìchē bèi zhuàng le.
-
-Wǒde yǔsān bèi názǒu le.
-
-£1: ”to ride/drive by straddling” generally - and specifically when
-sitting with horses, motorcycles and bicycles.
-
-téngsǐ le: ”to hurt a lot,” speaking)”
-
-liú xuě: ”to bleed,” literally ”to xiě and xuè.
-
-tai: ”to lift or carry (by two or
-
-Qǐng bS zhèige zhuōzi tái-jìnlái.
-
-Qǐng ba zhèi liǎngjiàn dà xíngli táishang chē qu.
+shéi: “someone” The question word shéi “who” can also be used to mean “someone.”
 
-Bǎ diànshì táixià 16u lai.
+bèi: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English “by” in passive sentences. In sentences with bèi it is the subject (tā in sentence 12) which received the action and the object of bèi (qǐchē in sentence 12) which did the action.
 
-dong: ”to move (either oneself or
+Wǒde zìdiǎn bèi xuésheng názǒu le. 	My dictionary was taken by a student.
 
-Bié dong!
+Tā bèi rén dǎsǐ le. 	He was beaten to death by someone. (dǎsǐ is literally “hit to death”)
 
-Xian bú yào dong ta.
+Bèi has a special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence:
 
-My new car was hit.
+Wǒde xǐn qìchē bèi zhuàng le.	My new car was hit.
 
-My umbrella was taken.
+Wǒde yǔsān bèi názǒu le.	My umbrella was taken.
 
-While zuò is the verb ”to ride” down, qí is the verb ”to ride” used
+qí: “to ride/drive by straddling” While zuò is the verb “to ride” down, qí is the verb “to ride” used generally - and specifically when sitting with horses, motorcycles and bicycles.
 
-literally ”to hurt to death (figuratively
+téngsǐ le: “to hurt a lot,” literally ”to hurt to death (figuratively speaking)”
 
-(Dong can also mean ”to touch” something, touch it.”)
+liú xuě: “to bleed,” literally “to flow blood”; Xuě is also pronounced xiě and xuè.
 
-dòngbuliǎo: ”unable to move” ”unable” are used with action verbs
+tai: “to lift or carry (by two or more persons)”
 
-Zènme duō xíngli, w5 yíge rén nábuliSo.
+Qǐng bǎ zhèige zhuōzi táijìnlái.	Please carry this table in (with me or someone else).
 
-Tā kāi dāo bù jiǔ, hái zěu-buliāo lù.
+Qǐng bǎ zhèi liǎngjiàn dà xíngli táishang chē qu.	Please carry (with me or someone else these two large suitcases onto the train.
 
-Xià zhème dà yǔ. Xiànzài zěubuliSo.
+Bǎ diànshì táixià 1óu lai.	Bring the television downstairs with me.
 
-flow blood” Xuě is also pronounced
+dong: “to move (either oneself or something else)”
 
-more persons)”
+Bié dòng!	Don’t move.
 
-Please carry this table in (with me or someone else).
+Xiān bú yào dòng ta.	Let’s not move him just yet.
 
-Please carry (with me or someone else these two large suitcases onto the
-train.
+Dong can also mean “to touch” something, so Bié dong can also mean “Don’t touch it.”
 
-Bring the television downstairs with me.
+dòngbuliǎo: “unable to move” The endings -deliǎo “able” and -buliǎo  “unable” are used with action verbs to show the result of the action.
 
-something else)”
+Zènme duō xíngli, wǒ yíge rén nábuliǎo.	I can’t carry all this luggage by myself.
 
-Don’t move.
+Tā kāi dāo bù jiǔ, hái zǒubuliāo lù.	It hasn’t been long since the operation. She’s not yet able to walk.
 
-Let’s not move him just yet.
+Xià zhème dà yǔ. Xiànzài zěubuliǎo.	It’s raining so hard. We can’t leave now.
 
-so Bié dong can also mean ”Don’t
+mǎshàng: “immediately, right away,” literally “on a horse”
 
-The endings -deliǎo ”able” and -buliǎo to show the result of the action.
+dǎ diànhuà: “to make a phone call,” literally “to hit electric-speech.” To indicate who you are calling, use the prepositional verb gěi “for, to.”
 
-I can’t carry all this luggage by myself.
+Nǐ gěi shéi dǎ diànhuà? 	           Who are you calling?
 
-It hasn’t been long since the operation. She’s not yet able to walk.
+Lao Wáng yòu gěi ni dǎ diàn huà le.	 Lao Wáng called you again,
 
-It’s raining so hard. We can’t leave now.
+The noun diànhuà by itself can mean either “telephone” or “telephone call.”
 
-mashàng: ’’immediately, right away,” literally ”on a horse”
+Nǐ hái méiyou diànhuà ma?	          Are you still without a phone?
 
-dǎ diànhuà: ”to make a phone call,” literally ”to hit electric-speech.”
-To indicate who you are calling, use the prepositional verb gěi ’’for,
-to.”
+Yǒu nǐde diànhuà.	                  There’s a call for you.
 
-Nǐ gěi shéi dS diànhuà?            Who are you calling?
+Sometimes you can use diànhuà where English would have “telephone number”: 
 
-Lao Wáng you gěi ni da diàn- Lao Wáng called you again, huà le.
+Nǐde diànhuà shi duōshao?	What is your telephone number?
 
-The noun diànhuà by itself can mean either ’’telephone” or ’’telephone
-call.”
+zhǎojí: “to get upset, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious”
 
-Nǐ hái méiyou diànhuà ma?          Are you still without a phone?
+Nǐ tài zhāojí. Wǒmen zhèr méiyou shénme wèntí. 	        You’re too anxious/worried. We don’t have any problems here.
 
-You nǐde diànhuà.                  There’s a call for you.
+kān: “to look after (something)” The verb kàn “to look, to see” changes tones when it means “to look after something.”
 
-Sometimes you can use diànhuà where English would have ’’telephone
-number”: Nǐde diànhuà shi duōshao?
+Nǐ qù Xiānggǎngde shíhou, shéi gěi ni kān fángzi?	Who’ll be looking after your house when you go to Hong Kong?
 
-zhǎo Jí: ”to get upset, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious”
+Shéi gěi ni kān háizi? 	            Who looks after the children (OR babysits) for you?
 
-Nǐ tài zhāojí. Women zhèr         You’re too anxious/worried. We
+-zhe: This is the marker of DURATION. It may be added to an action or process verb to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence Wǒ zài zhèr kānzhe ta “I’ll stay here and look after him,” the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. -Zhe can be used whether the time is past, present or future.
 
-méiyou shénme wèntí.               don’t have any problems here.
+Tā zài nèibiān zuòzhe, Xiǎo Lán pǎojinlai gàosu ta bàba huílai le.	She was sitting there when Xiāo Lán ran in and told her papa had returned.
 
-kān: ”to look after (something)” The verb kàn ”to look, to see” changes
-tones when it means ”to look after something.”
+Tā hāi bìngzhe ne.	He’s still sick. (The -zhe tells you that the illness is lasting for some time. Without -zhe, bin, means “get sick,” not “be sick. Ne tells you this is not a new situation [absence of change!]
 
-Nǐ qù Xiānggāngde shíhou, shéi Who’ll be looking after your house gěi ni
-kān fángzi?                 when you go to Hong Kong?
-
-Shéi gěi ni kān háizi?             Who looks after the children (OR
-
-babysits) for you?
-
--zhe: This is the marker of DURATION. It may be added to an action or
-process verb to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time.
-In the sentence Wo zài zhèr kānzhe ta ”1’11 stay here and look after
-him,” the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for
-some time. -Zhe can be used whether the time is past, present or future.
-
-Tā zài nèibiān zuòzhe, Xiao Lán pāojinlai gàosu ta bàba huílai le.
-
-She was sitting there when Xiāo Lán ran in and told her papa had
-returned.
-
-Tā hāi bìngzhe ne.
-
-He’s still sick. (The -zhe tells you that the illness is lasting for
-some time. Without -zhe, bin, means ’’get sick,” not ”be sick. Ne tells
-you this is not a new situation [absence of change!.)
-
-Zudzhe ba.
-
-Sit for a while.
+Zuòzhe ba.	Sit for a while.
 
 DIALOGUE FOR PART II
 
-A passerby (B) on a street in Beijing is called by the driver of a motor
-
-cycle (A) who has Just had an accident
-
-A: Wèi, lai bangbang mang!
-
-B: Zěnme le?
-
-A: Zhèiwèi tóngzhì bèi wǒ zhuàng le.
-
-B: Bèi nī zhuàng le? Zhèiliàng mótuōchē shi nǐde?
+A passerby (B) on a street in Beijing is called by the driver of a motor cycle (A) who has Just had an accident with a pedestrian (C).
 
-A: Hài, bié shuō le. Wo qíde tai kuài, méi kànjian ta.
+A:	 Wèi, lái bāngbang máng!	Hey, someone quick come help us!
 
-C: Aiyo, wode mā yo . . . Aiyo!
+B:	 Zěnme le?	What happened?
 
-Téngsī wo le. . . . Wǒde tuī
+A:	 Zhèiwèi tóngzhì bèi wǒ zhuàng le.	This comrade was hit by me.
 
-with a pedestrian (C).
+B:	 Bèi nǐ zhuàng le? Zhèiliàng mótuōchē shi nǐde?	Hit by you? Is this your motorcycle?
 
-Hey, someone quick come help us!
+A:	 Hài, bié shuō le. Wǒ qíde tài kuài, méi kànjian ta.	(Sigh) Don’t even talk about it. I was riding too fast, I didn’t see him.
 
-What happened?
+C:	 Àiyo, wǒde mā yo... . Àiyo! Téngsǐ wo le... . Wǒde tuī...	Ow, my mother*... Ow! It hurts like crazy... . My leg... .
 
-This comrade was hit by me.
+B:	 Liúle zhème duō xuě, zhēn zāogāo! Xiànzài zěnme bàn ne? Wǒmen xiān bǎ ta tài dao lùbiānrshang qu ba!	He’s lost so much blood. This is terrible. What should we do now? First, let's carry him to the side of the road.
 
-Hit by you? Is this your motorcycle?
+C:	 Ào, wǒde tuī dòngbuliǎo, dàgài gútou duàn le.	Oh, I can't move my leg. It's probably broken.
 
-(Sigh) Don’t even talk about it. I was riding too fast, I didn’t see
-him.
+A:	 Wǒ xiǎng zuìhǎo xiān bú yào dòng ta, wǒ zài zhèr, nǐ qù dǎ diànhuà jiào liàng jiùhùchē lai, zài dǎ ge diànhuà jiào jǐngchá lái.	I think it would be best not to move him for the time being. I'll stay here. You call for an ambulance, and then call for the police to come.
 
-Ow, my mother’ . . . Ow! It hurts like crazy. ... my leg . . .
+*He’s not calling for his mother; this is a moan.
 
-B: Liúle zhème duō xuě, zhēn zāogāo! Xiànzài zěnme bàn ne? Women xiān bǎ
-ta tai dao lù-biānrshang qu ba!
+B:	 Hǎo, nǐ zài zhèr kānzhe ta. Wǒ mǎshàng jiù qù. (to C): Nèiwei tóngzhì nǐ bié zhāojí. Dále diànhuà jiùhùchē mǎshàng jiù dào.	Okay, you stay here and watch him. I’ll go right away, (to C): Don’t get upset, comrade. The ambulance will be here right after I call.
 
-C:   Ao, wǒde tuī dòngbuliǎo, dàgài
+A:	 Nín ... nín kuài qù ba! Xièxie nín le!	You ... you go quickly! Thank you.
 
-gútou duàn le.
-
-A:   Wǒ xiǎng zuìhǎo xiān bú yào
-
-dong ta, wǑ zài zhèr, nī qù dǎ diànhuà Jiào liàng Jiùhùchē lai, zài dǎ
-ge diànhuà Jiào Jingchá lái.
-
-He’s lost so much blood. This is terrible. What should we do now? First,
-let's carry him to the side of the road.
-
-Oh, I can't move my leg. It's probably broken.
-
-I think it would be best not to move him for the time being. I'll stay
-here. You call for an ambulance, and then call for the police to come.
-
-He’s not calling for his mother; this is a moan.
-
-B:   Hao, nǐ zài zhèr kānzhe ta. Wo
-
-mashàng jiù qù. (to C): Nèiwei tongzhì nǐ bié zhāojí. Dale diànhuà
-jiùhùchē mashàng jiù dào.
-
-Okay, you stay here and watch him.
-
-I’ll go right away, (to C): Don’t get upset, comrade. The ambulance will
-be here right after I call.
-
-A: Nín . . . nín kuài qù ba! Xièxie You . . . you go quickly! Thank you.
-nín le!
+Part 3
 
 REFERENCE LIST
 
------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
-21*.   Nǐ méi kànjian zhèige páizi ma?    Didn't you see this sign?
-25.    Wǒ méi zhùyì■                      I wasn't paying attention.
-26.    Yǐhòu nǐ yào xiaoxln.              From now on you must be careful.
-27.    Nǐmen bù kéyi zài zhèli yóuyong.   You can't swim here.
-28.    Nǐmen zài zhèli yóuyong yǒu wéixiǎn.                              It's dangerous for you to swim here.
-29.    Wǒ bú shi gùyì jìnlaide.           I didn't enter here !the restricted areai on purpose.
-30.    Ràng wo kànkan nǐde hùzhào.        Let me see your passport.
-31.    Zhèli shi jūnshì dìqū.             This is a military area here.
-32.    Zhànzhu!                           Halt!
-REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III
-páizi: ”sign, poster, plate,” al   so a ”brand name, trademark”
-Nǐ mǎide shi shénme páizide zhàoxiàngjǐ?                          What brand of camera did you buy?
-Nèige hong páizishang xiède shi shénme?                           What is written on that red s i gn ?
-zhùyì: ”to pay attention to, to    take notice of”
-Wǒ méi zhùyì tā shi gēn shéi zǒude.                               I didn't notice who he left with.
-Zhùyì diǎnr!                       Please pay a little more attention!
-kéyi   bù kéyi: ”cannot” Of the three is the one to use when the ”can”   auxiliary verbs néng, huì and kéyi. or ”cannot” is due to someone
------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-granting or withholding permission.
+24.	 Nǐ méi kànjian zhèige páizi ma?	Didn't you see this sign?
+25.	    Wǒ méi zhùyì.	                      I wasn't paying attention.
+26.	    Yǐhòu nǐ yào xiǎoxīn.	              From now on you must be careful.
+27.	    Nǐmen bù kéyi zài zhèli yóuyǒng.	   You can't swim here.
+28.	    Nǐmen zài zhèli yóuyǒng yǒu wéixiǎn.	                              It's dangerous for you to swim here.
+29.	    Wǒ bú shi gùyì jìnlaide. 	          I didn't enter here !the restricted areai on purpose.
+30.	    Ràng wo kànkan nǐde hùzhào.	        Let me see your passport.
+31.	    Zhèli shi jūnshì dìqū.  	           This is a military area here.
+32. 	   Zhànzhu!  	                         Halt!
 
-yóuyǒng: ”to swim”
-
-Nǐ huì bu huì yóuyǒng?             Can you swim?
-
-Wǒ youyǒng youde bú tài hǎo. I don't swim too well.
-
-wéixiǎn: ”to be dangerous, to be perilous” Also pronounced wéixiǎn.
-
-Zài Táiběi qí mōtuōchē tài        It's too dangerous to ride a motorcyle
-
-wéixiǎn le.                         in Taipei.
-
-Tā bú pà wéixiǎn, tā shénme dōu He's not afraid of danger. He'll yào
-zuò.                             do anything.
-
-gùyì: ”intentionally, willfully, on purpose”
-
-Tā gùyì bǎ nèixie shū diū le. She lost those books on purpose.
-
-Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bú shi gùyì (zuò)de. I'm sorry, I didn't do it on purpose.
+REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III
 
-ràng: ”to let, to allow, to cause (someone to do something).” This is a
-prepositional verb, i.e. ràng and its object both precede the main verb.
+páizi: “sign, poster, plate,” also a “brand name, trademark”
 
-Tā bú ràng wo zǒu.                 She won't let me leave.
+Nǐ mǎide shi shénme páizide zhàoxiàngjī? 	                         What brand of camera did you buy?
+Nèige hóng páizishang xiède shi shénme? 	                          What is written on that red sign ?
 
-Nǐ zěnme kéyi ràng tā zenme        How could you make her so unhappyI
+zhùyì: “to pay attention to, to take notice of”
 
-bù gāoxìng?
+Wǒ méi zhùyì tā shi gēn shéi zǒude.œ                               I didn't notice who he left with.
 
-FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III
+Zhùyì diǎnr!                      Please pay a little more attention!
 
-A Canadian man (M) has Just entered an area in Běijīng prohibited to
-foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A
-policewoman (F) calls out to him.
+kéyi bù kéyi: “cannot” Of the three uxiliary verbs néng, huì and kéyi, kéyi is the one to use when the “can”  or “cannot” is due to someone granting or withholding permission.
 
-F:   Hài! Zhànzhu!
+yóuyǒng: “to swim”
 
-M:   Shénme shir?
+Nǐ huì bu huì yóuyǒng? 	            Can you swim?
 
-F:   Nǐ méi kànjian zhèige páizi ma?
+Wǒ yóuyǒng yóude bú tài hǎo.	 I don't swim too well.
 
-M:   Ou, duìbuqǐ. Wǒ méi zhùyì.
+wéixiǎn: “to be dangerous, to be perilous” Also pronounced wēixiǎn.
 
-Wǒ bú shi gùyì jìnlaide.
+Zài Táiběi qí mōtuōchē tài wéixiǎn le.       It's too dangerous to ride a motorcyle in Taipei.
 
-F:   Nǐ shi nǎiguo rén na?
+Tā bú pà wéixiǎn, tā shénme dōu yào zuò.	He's not afraid of danger. He'll do anything.
 
-M:   Wo shi Jiānádà rén.
+gùyì: “intentionally, willfully, on purpose”
 
-Hey! Halt!
+Tā gùyì bǎ nèixie shū diū le.	 She lost those books on purpose.
 
-What's the matter?
+Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bú shi gùyì (zuò)de. 	I'm sorry, I didn't do it on purpose.
 
-Didn't you see this sign?
+ràng: “to let, to allow, to cause (someone to do something).” This is a prepositional verb, i.e. ràng and its object both precede the main verb.
 
-Oh, excuse me. I wasn’t paying attention. I didn't enter here
-intentionally.
+Tā bú ràng wǒ zǒu.	                 She won't let me leave.
 
-What's your nationality?
+Nǐ zěnme kéyi ràng tā zenme bù gāoxìng?	       How could you make her so unhappyI
 
-I'm Canadian.
+FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III
 
-F:   Rang wo kànkan nǐde huzhào.
+A Canadian man (M) has Just entered an area in Běijīng prohibited to foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A policewoman (F) calls out to him.
 
-M: Mm.
+F:   Hài! Zhànzhu!	Hey! Halt!
 
-(The policewoman writes down his name
+M:   Shénme shir?	What's the matter?
 
-F:   Yǐhòu zhùyì diǎnr. Bié zài
+F:   Nǐ méi kànjian zhèige páizi ma?	Didn't you see this sign?
 
-zǒucuò le.
+M:   Òu, duìbuqǐ. Wǒ méi zhùyì. Wǒ bú shi gùyì jìnlaide.	Oh, excuse me. I wasn’t paying attention. I didn't enter here intentionally.
 
-M:   Wǒ zhǐdao le.
+F:   Nǐ shi nǎiguo rén na?	What's your nationality?
 
-Let me see your passport.
+M:   Wǒ shi Jiānádà rén.	I'm Canadian.
 
-Mm.
+F:   Ràng wo kànkan nǐde hùzhào.	Let me see your passport.
 
-and passport number.)
+M: Mm.	Mm.
 
-From now on pay more attention.
+(The policewoman writes down his name and passport number.)
 
-Don’t walk into the wrong place again.
+F:   Yǐhòu zhùyì diǎnr. Bié zài zǒucuò le.	From now on pay more attention. Don’t walk into the wrong place again.
 
-Now I know.
+M:   Wǒ zhǐdao le.		Now I know.
 
 NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
 
-zhǐdao le: ”now I know,” or ”I understand” This is the marker le for new
-situations.
+zhǐdao le: “now I know,” or “I understand” This is the marker le for new situations.
 
 SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III
 
-An American woman and her two children Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.
-
-M:   Èi! Shànglai! Nǐmen shànglai.
-
-F:   You shénme shi a?
-
-M:   Nǐmen bù kéyi zài zhèli
-
-yóuyǒng.
-
-F:   Wèishénme?
-
-M:   Nǐ méi kàndao nèige páizi ma?
-
-F:   Kàndao le, búguò . . .
-
-M:   Paizishang shuō shénme?
-
-F:   Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bú huì kàn
-
-Zhōngwén.
-
-M:   Zhèli shi jūnshǐ dìqū. BÙ kéyi
-
-yóuyǒng. Nǐmen zài zhèli yóuyǒng you wéixiǎn. Xiàcì bú yào zài lai le.
-
-F:   Hǎo. Xièxie ni.
-
-are swimming along the beach in
+An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.
 
-Hey! Come up! Come up here.
+M:	   Èi! Shànglai! Nǐmen shànglai.	Hey! Come up! Come up here.
 
-What's the matter?
+F:	   You shénme shì a?	What's the matter?
 
-You can't swim here.
+M:	   Nǐmen bù kéyi zài zhèli yóuyǒng.	You can't swim here.
 
-Why?
+F:	   Wèishénme?	Why?
 
-Didn't you see that sign?
+M:	   Nǐ méi kàndao nèige páizi ma?	Didn't you see that sign?
 
-Yes, but . . .
+F:	   Kàndao le, búguò ...	Yes, but ...
 
-What does it say on the sign?
+M:	   Páizishang shuō shénme?	What does it say on the sign?
 
-I'm sorry, I can't read Chinese.
+F:	   Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bú huì kàn Zhōngwén.	I'm sorry, I can't read Chinese.
 
-This is a military area here. You can't swim. It's dangerous for you to
-swim here. In the future you shouldn't come here any more
+M:	   Zhèli shi jūnshǐ dìqū. Bù kéyi yóuyǒng. Nǐmen zài zhèli yóuyǒng yǒu wéixiǎn. Xiàcì bú yào zài lái le.	This is a military area here. You can't swim. It's dangerous for you to swim here. In the future you shouldn't come here any more
 
-Very well. Thank you.
+F:	   Hǎo. Xièxie ni.	Very well. Thank you.
 
 NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
 
-xiàcì bú yào zài lai le: ”in the future don’t come here again (any more”
-In addition to meaning ’’next time,” xiàcì can mean generally ”in the
-future.”
+xiàcì bú yào zài lai le: “in the future don’t come here again (any more” In addition to meaning “next time,” xiàcì can mean generally “in the future.”
 
 Unit 6, Vocabulary