FSI-Chinese/Audio-Transcripts/Standard Chinese/Resource Module/FSI - Standard Chinese - Resource Module - P&R - Tape 2.mp3.vtt

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Standard Chinese, a modular approach.

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Resource module on pronunciation and romanization. Take two.

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On this tape we're going to take up most of the vowel sounds of standard Chinese,

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as well as their spellings in the pinyin system of romanization.

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These vowel sounds all have approximate equivalents in English,although not exact equivalents.

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And there's always some precedent if only in forward names for their spellings.

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We'll hold the consonants to the same fairly obvious ones we used on the first tape.

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Turn to display one for this tape in your workbook.

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The left column has five Chinese surnames.

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Listen to the vowel sound in the first surname.

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Notice that the vowel sound a is spelled with the letter a as in Okinawa.

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Try repeating the surname after the speaker.

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Listen to the vowel in the second surname.

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Notice that the sound e is spelled with an i as in Tahiti.

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Try repeating,mi,mi,mi.

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Here's the third surname.

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Notice that the sound u is spelled with a u.

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The English vowel u,which is not quite the same as spelled with a u in Honolulu.

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Try repeating.

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Here's the fourth one.

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Notice that this does not sound much like the English vowel we use for Hong Kong.

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It sounds more like the short double o vowel in Hook.

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About the only word with this sound spelled o in English is woman.

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Try repeating.

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Listen to the last surname.

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Notice that the sound a is spelled with an e as in chicken.

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Notice also that this is not the vowel sound spelled with an e as in hen.

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Try repeating.

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You may find the sound a written e a bit close to the sound a written a and to the sound o written o.

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Exercise 1 will give you practice in making these distinctions.

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For each numbered item,the speaker will read a surname.

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Write in the appropriate vowel letter repeating as you do so.

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Then I'll give you the correct vowel letter.

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O 6

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Hang

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E 7

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Hang

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E 8

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Hong

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O 9

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Heng

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E 10

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Heng

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E 11

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Hong

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O 12

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Hang

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A

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Now try pronouncing the names in exercise 2.

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Don't let it bother you if you're not sure of some of them.

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You'll have a chance to repeat each of them after the speaker and each vowel will come up several times.

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Don't ignore the tone marks.

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Now when I give you the item number,try reading the item.

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One

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Ma

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Two

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Yi

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Three

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Four

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Four

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Long

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Five

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He

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Six

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Wu

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Seven

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Fang

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Eight

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An

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Nine

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Long

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Ten

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Yong

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Eleven

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Mang

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Twelve

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An

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Thirteen

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Yin

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Fourteen

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Ming

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Fifteen

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Hong

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Now look at display 2,which presents four diphthongs or vowel combinations.

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Listen to the first surname.

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Li

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Notice that the diphthong i is spelled ai as in Shanghai,which is pronounced in Chinese like this.

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Shanghai

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Try repeating the surname.

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Li

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Here's the second surname.

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Wei

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The diphthong a is spelled ei as in Taipei,the largest city in Taiwan,which is pronounced in Chinese like this.

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Taipei

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Remember that without the letter i,the letter e was pronounced 呃,try repeating the surname.

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Wei

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Wei

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Here's the third surname.

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hao

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The diphthong o is spelled a-o as in Mao Zedong in Chinese.

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Mao Zedong

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Try repeating.

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How

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Here's the last surname.

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Lou

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The diphthong o is spelled o-u as in Zhou and Lai in Chinese.

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Zhou and Lai

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Try repeating.

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Lou

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Now try reading the surnames in exercise three and repeat after the speaker.

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One

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My

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Two

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Fei

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Three

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Four

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Hou

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Five

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He

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Six

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Hu

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Seven

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Ha

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Eight

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Li

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None

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Lou

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Ten

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Meng

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Eleven

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Mei

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Twelve

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Lao

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Thirteen

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Long

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Fourteen

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Li

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Fifteen

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O

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Sixteen

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Wei

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Seventeen

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N

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Eighteen

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Nine

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Nineteen

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Yong

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Twenty

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How

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Up until this point, we've treated the sounds spelled w and y as if they were regular consonants.

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Fanatically, however, they're shortened vowels or semi-vowels, which glide into the full vowel of the syllable.

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They're so close to being vowels that when a semi- vowel is followed by a vowel with the same articulation, it might be difficult to hear any transition.

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The syllable written wu may sound like u and the syllable written yi may sound like e.

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Like vowels, semi-vowels may follow consonants.

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When they do, the pinyin system writes them with the equivalent vowel letter u instead of w and i instead of y.

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Listen to the speaker read the triplets of surnames in display three.

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Hang,Wang,Huang

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Lan,Wang,Luan

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Mao,Yao,Miao

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Lang,Yang,Liang

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In each triplet, the first surname starts with a regular consonant, the second with a semi-vowel,

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and the third with a regular consonant followed by a semi-vowel spelled as a vowel.

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If you have any difficulty with semi-vowels following consonants,

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you can build up to them by starting with full vowels and speeding up until their semi-vowels.

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For example, we could build up to the surname huang by starting from the full name, surname, and given name.

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Listen.

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Huang,Huang

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Again

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Huang,Huang

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Try repeating after the speaker.

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Huang,Huang

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Again

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Huang,Huang

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Try repeating after the speaker as she reads through the display again.

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Huang,Huang

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Huang

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Lan,Wang

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Luan,Mao

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Miao,Miao

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Lang,Yang

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Liang

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Now try reading the surnames in exercise 4 and repeat after the speaker.

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One,Han

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Two,Huang

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Three,Huang

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Four,Lang

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Five,Yang

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Six,Liang

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Seven,Luan

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Eight,Miao

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Nine,Huang

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Ten,Liao

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Eleven,Huang

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Twelve,Huai

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Thirteen,Liang

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Fourteen,Luan

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Fifteen,Liao

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Display 4 presents three irregularities that crop up in combinations of semivol and vol.

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Listen to the speaker read the first triplet of surnames.

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Uh,Yeh,Liang

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Notice the effect of the semivol written Y or I, again.

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Uh,Yeh,Liang

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After the semivol written Y or I,the letter E has the same sound value as in English yet,

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rather than the sound value Uh,which it has alone.

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The rest of the same sound value it has in the diphthong A written EI.

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Try repeating these three surnames after the speaker.

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Uh,Yeh,Liang

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Again,Uh,Yeh,Liang

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Now listen to the second triplet.

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Uh,Yeh,Liang

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Notice the effect of the semivol,again.

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Uh,Yeh,Liang

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Here after the semivol the AN takes on the sound value of EN in hen.

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We include the N in the rule because this change only takes place where there is an N.

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Try repeating these surnames.

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Uh,Yeh,Liang

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Again,Uh,Yeh,Liang

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Now listen to the three surnames in the last row.

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Uh,Yeh,Liang

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Listen for the effect of the semivol written W or U.

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Uh,Yeh,Liang

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ONG is pronounced UN,but after the semivol written W or U,the letter O stands for another vowel sound.

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The combination WO or UO is pronounced rather like the beginning of the English word WAL.

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Try repeating after the speaker.

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LONG,WO,LO

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Again,LONG,WO,LO

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Exercise 5 provides some practice in these combinations.

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Read the surnames and repeat.

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1,Yeh

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2,Yen

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3,WO

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4,Lie

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5,Lian

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6,Luo

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7,Liang

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8,Long

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9,Nie

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10,Heh

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11,Huo

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12,Yang

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13,On

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14,Yeh

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15,Nian

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16,Luo

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17,Uh

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18,Luo

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19,Lian

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20,Lie

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Now let's review what we've covered on this tape.

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Try reading the surnames in exercise 6 and repeat after the speaker.

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1,Fang

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2,Luo

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3,Huang

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4,Mao

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5,Yi

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6,Way

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7,Miao

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8,Luo

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9,Lai

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10,Hu

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11,Hong

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12,Liang

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13,Luan

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14,Wo

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15,Lian

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16,Yang

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17,Lian

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18,Lie

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19,Heh

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20,Yeh

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Exercise 7 is a dictation exercise.

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Try filling in the blank in the romanization of each surname.

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Repeating as you do so.

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I'll give you the correct answers as we go.

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1,Fang

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A,2,Miao

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2,Iao

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3,Yi

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4,Way

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5,Wu

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6,Huang

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7,Yeh

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8,Lian

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9,An

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10,Yang

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11,Luan

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12,Hong

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13,Liang

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14,Wo

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15,Luo

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16,Lai

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17,Huang

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18,Lie

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18,Lian

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19,Yan

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20,Luo

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Wu

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20,Liang

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21,Liang

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22,Liang

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23,Liang

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24,Liang

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25,Liang