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- <h1><a name="bookmark0"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark1"></a>STANDARD CHINESE</span></h1>
- <h2><a name="bookmark2"></a><span class="font6"><a name="bookmark3"></a>A MODULAR APPROACH</span></h2>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">STUDENT TEXT</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">August 1979</span></p>
- <p><span class="font1">Copyright ©1980 by John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, Roberta S. Barry, and Thomas E. Madden</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark4"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark5"></a>PREFACE</span></h4>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font9"> originated in an interagency-conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later Joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^-in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had Joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All Chinese language material was prepared, or selected, by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font9"> was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks. _</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jafmes R. Frith, Chairman</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sninese Core Curriculum Project Board</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark6"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark7"></a>CONTENTS</span></h4>
- <p><a href="#bookmark4"><span class="font9">Preface</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark8"><span class="font9">MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION Objectives </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark9"><span class="font9">Map of Beijing</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark10"><span class="font9">Map of Taipei</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Target Lists .........................</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark11"><span class="font9">UNIT 1 Reference List .............. ........</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark12"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark13"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Using buses</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"When"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"First," "last," "next," "previous"</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark14"><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duō</span><span class="font9">, "to be many," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font9">, "to be few" Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation) </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark15"><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark16"><span class="font9">UNIT 2 Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark17"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark18"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The marker </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">a_</span><span class="font9"> and its variant </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ya</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The locational endings -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shang</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-li</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">More on the marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The aspect marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark19"><span class="font9">"Then": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiù</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái </span><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNIT 3 Reference List......................</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark20"><span class="font9">Vocabulary </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark21"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark22"><span class="font9">Adverbs expressing manner Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark23"><span class="font9">UNIT U Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark24"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark25"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Choice questions with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">háishi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">More on topics and comments</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark26"><span class="font9">Compound verbs of result Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark27"><span class="font9">UNIT 5 Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark28"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Reference Notes................... 75</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Distances Approximate numbers </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ban</span><span class="font9">, "one half" Drills..........................80</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark29"><span class="font9">UNIT 6 Reference List ................. .....</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark30"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark31"><span class="font9">Reference Notes . . . .</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Compound verbs of direction</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark32"><span class="font9">More on new-situation </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le </span><span class="font9">Drills . .</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark33"><span class="font9">UNIT 7 Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark34"><span class="font9">Vocabulary .</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark35"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark36"><span class="font9">"If" Vocabulary Booster (Animals) </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark37"><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark38"><span class="font9">UNIT 8 Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark39"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark40"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"Why" and "because"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Time </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">NOT</span><span class="font9"> spent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"All," "not all," "all...not"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"Again": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark41"><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark42"><span class="font9">Objectives</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark43"><span class="font9">Target Lists </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNIT 1</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark44"><span class="font9">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark45"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark46"><span class="font9">Reference Notes</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Making an appointment</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font9"> for "and" and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9"> for "with"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Three words for "time"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font9">, "to," "towards," "facing"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Comparisons: "more than"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Drills..................... 155</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNIT 2</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark47"><span class="font9">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark48"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark49"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Making phone calls</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The aspect marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> for ongoing action "Whatever," "whenever," "whoever," "wherever" Verbs and general objects</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark50"><span class="font9">Vocabulary Booster (Occupations) </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark51"><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNIT 3</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark52"><span class="font9">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark53"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark54"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Extending an invitation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"Not only...but also..."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Comparisons: "equal to," "alike"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"Anyone," "anything," "anyplace," "anytime"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs "Furthermore"</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark55"><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNIT U</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark56"><span class="font9">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark57"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark58"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Meeting people</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">More on completion </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font9">, "facing"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duo</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shao</span><span class="font9"> as adverbs</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark59"><span class="font9">Vocabulary Booster (Opposites) </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark60"><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNIT 5</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark61"><span class="font9">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark62"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark63"><span class="font9">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Taking and leaving messages</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Changing an appointment</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gāngcái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark64"><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNIT 6</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark65"><span class="font9">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark66"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark67"><span class="font9">Reference Notes</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Invitation to lunch Comparisons: "less than"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"even more"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Comparison overview</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sentence patterns: "although" and "both.. .and..</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Drills..........................235</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNIT 7 Reference List......................2U1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Vocabulary........................2^3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Reference Notes.............. 2UU</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Arranging an introduction</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Using word order to express "the” and "a"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Objects of reduplicated verbs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Three-part motion verbs</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark68"><span class="font9">Verbs for "remember” and "forget" Drills</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark69"><span class="font9">UNIT 8 Reference List.................... .</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark70"><span class="font9">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark71"><span class="font9">Reference Notes</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Declining invitations</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì,</span><span class="font9"> "in place of"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark72"><span class="font9">Comparison: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi, huì </span><span class="font9">Drills</span></a></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark8"></a><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark73"></a>MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font9">The Transportation Module (TRN) will provide you with the skills needed to use taxis, trains, buses, and planes in China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Before starting this module, you must take and pass the DIR Criterion Test.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The TRN Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, and associated resource modules is also included.</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark74"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark75"></a>OBJECTIVES</span></h4>
- <p><span class="font9">Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be able to</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Say any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists when cued with its English equivalent.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Use the bus system: find out which buses go to a specific destination, at what times they leave, how often they run, where to buy tickets, where to change buses (if necessary), when the last bus of the day leaves, and where his stop is.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Take a taxi: hail one, tell the driver where to go, and use commands such as "hurry," "slow down," and "stop here."</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Use the train system: find out which trains go to a specific destination, at what times they leave, when and where to buy tickets, whether or not tickets are available for a train leaving on a specific date at a specific time, the distance to the destination, the duration of the train trip to that place, which platform the train leaves from, what to do with luggage, and whether or not the train has a dining car.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Take a plane: reserve a ticket for a certain date and time; find out whether or not the flight is direct, the duration of the flight, and traveling time to the airport; and arrange for transportation to the airport.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Describe in detail a trip (taken in the past or planned for the future): places visited (which places and what they are like), traveling companions, transportation for the trip, length of stay, number of previous trips to the same places.</span></p></li></ul><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-1.png" alt="" style="width:686pt;height:498pt;">
- <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">NOTE: The heavy dark lines show where the city walls were formerly located.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8">Taipei</span></p><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-2.png" alt="" style="width:465pt;height:581pt;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Dào Ximending qù, zuō Jīlù chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuō Shíbālù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Shíbālù chē duō bu duo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù hen duō.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Měi gē Jǐfēn zhōng you yìbān chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wō měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànying.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zuìhōu yìbān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Ximending?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Shì. Shàng chē ba!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Dao Xīmēndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wō.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. Wō shì bu shi zài zhèli xià chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Bu shi. Xià yízhàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. shàng-</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. tōu-</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. gàosu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. shao</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. xià chē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">1U. yōu(de) shíhou</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What bus do you take to get to Ximending?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Take Number 18.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Are there many Number 18 buses?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not very many.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How often is there a bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I go to see a movie every Saturday</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What time is the last bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Does this bus go to Ximending?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Get on!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When we get to Ximending, please tell me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is it here that I get off?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No. The next stop.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">last, previous (something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">first (something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to tell, to infown (alternate pronunciation for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be few</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to get off the bus; ’’Out, please!”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">sometimes</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Dao zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídǎchē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Meiyou. Zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài chēshang mǎi piào.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Hao, xiànzài zou ba!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Èi! Zǎnmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎi mēi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Lǎojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. gōnggòng qìchē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">T. -li</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. -shang</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. shàng ban</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. xià ban</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No. Take the Number 1 bus; take it to Xidān and change buses.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Where do we buy tickets?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We buy tickets on the bus.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay, let’s go now!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s (just) on that corner.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">public bus (local)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">in (locational ending)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">on</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to start work, to go to work</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tō get off from work, to leave work</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wo yào zuo jìchengchē dào huochēzhàn qu.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ zhī you zhà liǎngjiàn xíngli.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Hao, wo ba xíngli fang zai qiánbian.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Women you shíjiān, láidejí.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Qǐng màn yìdiān kāi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Biě kāi name kuài!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng ting yíxià.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. Bú yòng zhǎo le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. chūzū qìchē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. láibuj í</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. qìchē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. zhème</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">1U. zènme</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I want to take a taxi to the train station.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have only these two suitcases.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay, I’ll put the suitcases in front.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You are driving too fast!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He doesn’t drive fast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We have time. We can make it in time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t drive so fast!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Keep the change.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">taxi (PRC)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">can’t make it in time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">car, motor vehicle</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">so, to this extent, in this way</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">so, to this extent, in this way</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wo xiǎng qù Tainan wan jitiān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo. Dao Tainan qù zuò Gōnglùjú hú dà fǎngbian.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zuò huǒchē děi xiǎn mǎi piào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ zuìhǎo liǎngsāntiǎn yǐqiǎn qù mǎi piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò Gōnglùjú ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bu hi xiān mǎi piùo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ yào zuò shěnme shíhoude chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwan le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. chuǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. dìtiě</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. dìxià huǒchē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. wan (wǎnr)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. -wan</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">I'm thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Would you say it's better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It's better to go by train. To go to Tainan, it's not very convenient to take the bus.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If I take the train, is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">And if I take the bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What train do you want to take?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I want to take a morning train.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I'm sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">boat, ship</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">subway (abbreviation for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìxià tiědào</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">underground train, subway</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wo xiǎng dào Nanjing qù kànkan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiǎn huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Shanghai lí Nanjing you duǒ yuan?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">You liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōngli.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zuo huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Yào zou sìge bàn xiǎoshí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyicì dào Nǎnjīng qù. Yǐqiǎn méi qùguo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Bànge xiǎoshí gòu le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wo xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhàr.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. dǎsuan</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. huò zhě (huò zhe)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. yīhòu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. zhōngtǒu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">I would like to go to Nanjing to look around.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What day do you plan to go?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How far is Shànghǎi from Nanjing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s over 250 kilometers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How long does it take to go by train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It takes four and a half hours.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This will be the first time I have gone to Nanjing. I haven’t gone there before.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Half an hour is enough.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I hope to leave here in the afternoon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There’s an express at 1305.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to plan to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">or (alternate form of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huòshi</span><span class="font9">) afterwards, later on, in the future hour (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎoshí</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Huǒchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Shíbādiǎn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Qǐng nǐ bǎ nǐde hùzhào he lūxíngzhèng gěi wo.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dao Shanghai qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Bú yòng Jí. Hái zǎo ne. Nǐ xiān zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn? Shi bu shi káyi náshang chē qu?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Keyi bǎ xíngli náshang chē qu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhèibān chē you cānchē ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xǐcān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎo j íle.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. ban</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. náshangqu náshanglai náxiaqu náxialai</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. pǎo</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. wan</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. yuètái</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">What time does the train leave?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It departs at 1855.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please give me your passport and travel permit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No need to be anxious. It’s still early. First, rest a bit in this waiting room.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You may take the suitcase onto the train.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This train has a dining car, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. There's Chinese food and there’s also Western food.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Great.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to move</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to take up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to bring up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to take down</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to bring down</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to run</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be late</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">train platform (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàntái</span><span class="font9">, more common in Taiwan)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Lǎo Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Bu. zěnme mang.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Qǐng ni gěi </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">wo</span><span class="font9"> ding yìzhāng fēijī piào.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Piào dìnghǎo le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Něibān fēijī?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guangzhou ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Cong Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Rúguǒ wo bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, lǎidejí ba?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Qǐng ni pài ge chē lai jiē wo, song wo dào fēijīchǎng qu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. -hǎo le</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. luguǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. shuōhǎo le</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. xianghǎo le</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. yàoshi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. zuòhǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Song, how are things going? Are you busy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not especially busy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please reserve a plane ticket for me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The ticket has been reserved.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Which flight? What time does it take off?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Does this flight go directly to Guangzhou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please send a car to pick me up and take me to the airport.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be satisfactorily completed</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hotel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">if (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rúguǒ</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn, nín chū men le ba?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nín wèishénme gang huí lai you qù le ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zhèicì dào Guangzhou qù shi yīnwei </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">wǒ</span><span class="font9"> you yige hen hǎode péngyou cǒng Xianggang lai.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Women you yìniān méi jiàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā cpíng </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">wo</span><span class="font9"> péi ta yìqì qù luxíng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Sānge yuè yǐqiǎn tā hǎi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lai.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Hangzhou gēn Sūzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. You jǐhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. Zhèixiē dìfang nǐ dōu qùguo le ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Méi dōu qùguo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. huí guo</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. huí jiā</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. huíqu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. rènao</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. you yìsi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">11. méi(you) yìsi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">15. suǒyǐ (suoyi)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t seen you in a long time. You have been away, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why did you go again when you had just come back from there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This time I went to Guangzhou because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We had not seen each other for a year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Three months ago she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What places did you go to?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hangzhou and Sūzhōu are really beautiful.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If I have the chance, I would like to go again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You have gone to all those places, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t been to all of them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to return to one’s native country</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to come/go home</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to go back to be lively/bustling/noisy to be interesting to be uninteresting therefore, so</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark76"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark77"></a>UNIT 1</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark78"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark79"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dao Xīméndīng qù, zuò Jīlù chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">What bus do you take to get to Ximending?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò Shíbālù.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Take Number 18.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shíbālù chē duo bu duo?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Are there many Number 18 buses?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù hen duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Not very many.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Mei gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">How much time is there between buses?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Mēi gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">There’s one every twenty minutes.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">1+.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">C:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wo mēige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànyīng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">I go to see a movie every Saturday.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi jīdiān zhōng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">What time is the last bus?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shíyīdiān shífēn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Eleven-ten.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">D:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Does this bus go to Ximending?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">E:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shì. Shàng chē bal</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, Get on!</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">When we get to Ximending, please tell me.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">F:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hāo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Okay.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hái you jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">How many more stops are there to (before) Ximending?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">F:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīméndīng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">The next stop is Ximending.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and. P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">9. shàng-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">10. tóu-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">last, previous (something) first (s omething)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">gàosu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font9">)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be few</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xià chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to get off the bus; "Out, please!"</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">y3u(de) shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">sometimes</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">chěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">city</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark12"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark80"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(counter for regularly scheduled trips of buses, planes, subways, trains, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">vehicle, bus, car</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">city</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be many</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-fēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">a minute</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">gàosong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to tell, to inform</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">gàosu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to tell, to inform</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">gě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to separate, to divide off</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jilù chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">what number bus</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">měi-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">every, each</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to get on</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shàng-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">last, previous (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be few</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tou-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">first (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to get off</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xià-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">next (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xià chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to get off the bus; ”Out, please!”</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Ximending</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(an area of Taipei)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you(de) shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">sometimes</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">a stop, a station</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuìhòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">last, final (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bēihǎi Gōngyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(a famous park in Beijing)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">biéde shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">other times</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dōngjīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tokyo</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">fang Jià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to close for a holiday</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎowán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be fun (lit., "good for relaxing")</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">will</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">si Ji</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">driver of a hired vehicle</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zou ba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">let’s go</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark13"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark81"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Dao Ximending qù, zuò jǐlù chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zuò Shibālù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Shibālù chē duo hu duo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Bù hen duō.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">What bus do you take to get to Ximending?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Take Number 18.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Are there many Number 18 buses?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not very many.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 1-2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ximending</span><span class="font9"> literally means "West Gate </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ding"</span><span class="font9">—</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ding</span><span class="font9"> being a Japanese term for "district." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ximending</span><span class="font9"> is the area of Taipei which surrounds the former west gate of the city. Today the district includes many shops, department stores, and movie theaters.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lù</span><span class="font9"> is the word for "route." The question </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jǐlù?</span><span class="font9"> asks for the route number of the bus.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò</span><span class="font9">, "to ride/to go by/to take La conveyance}":<a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark82">1</a></sup> Here </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font9"> (literally, "to sit") means to go by some means of transportation which the passenger is inside of (e.g., car, plane, boat, train, bus, elevator—NOT a motorcycle or a horse). In exchange 1, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font9"> is used as a main verb. It can also be used as a prepositional verb, as in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ní zěnme qù? How are you going? (i.e., by what</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">means of transportation)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo zuò huochē qù. I am going by train.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Du5</span><span class="font9">, "to be many/much," is an adjectival verb.<a name="footnote2"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark83">2</a></sup> There are several points to remember about </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9">:</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">a. Adjectival verbs are sometimes used before a noun to modify it (e.g., </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīn zhuōzi</span><span class="font9">, "new table"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dà fángzi</span><span class="font9">, "big house"). However, when </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9"> is used in this way, it must be modified, for example, by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font9">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā māile hen duō dōngxi. He bought a lot of things.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Beijing jiēshang you hen There are many toilets on the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">duō cèsuǒ. streets of Beijing.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">b. Much more often, however, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9"> is used as the main verb of a sentence.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐde shū zhēn duō! You really have a lot of books!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīntiān jiēshangde rén There are a lot of people out today,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hen duō. (literally, "on the streets</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">today")</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">c. Often it does not occur to students to use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9"> as the main verb of a sentence because in English they do not usually say ’’The students are many." They would say "There are many students," with "many" as an adjective preceding "students." Compare:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(There are</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">a lot of people</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">here.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèrde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">rén hen duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- </table></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(A lot of people came.) Laide rén hen duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">NOTE: Shao, "to be few," is used in almost the same ways as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9">. (See</span></p>
- <div style="border-top:solid;">
- <p><span class="font9">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Měi gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Mei gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">How much time is there between buses?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There’s one every twenty minutes.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měi-</span><span class="font9"> is the word for "each," "every."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gé</span><span class="font9"> is a verb meaning "to separate," "to divide." It is used for intervals of time between regularly occurring events (e.g., "every half hour"). In exchange 3, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gé</span><span class="font9"> refers to the length of time between buses.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">měi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">duōshao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shíhou</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(every</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">divide-off EintervalU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">how much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">time)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"(every) how often"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The first sentence could also be translated as "How often is there a bus?" or "How often do the buses run?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìbān che</span><span class="font9">: The counter -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bān</span><span class="font9"> is used for scheduled trips, or runs, of</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">a vehicle. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìbān chē</span><span class="font9"> is one bus run.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Èrshifēn zhōng</span><span class="font9">: The counter -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font9">, for minutes, is usually followed by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhōng</span><span class="font9">, "clock." (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōng</span><span class="font9"> means "cf’clock" in telling time.) "One minute" is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìfēn zhōng</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Měi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">èrshifēn zhōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yìbān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chē.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(each</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">int er val</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">twenty minutes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">there is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">one Erun]</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bus)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"There's a bus every twenty minutes."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. C: Wǒ měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù I go to see a movie every Saturday, kàn diànyīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měige</span><span class="font9">; When used with a noun, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">měi-</span><span class="font9"> acts as a specifier and must be followed by a counter or a noun that does not require a counter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">měi(ge) rén every person</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">měizhāng zhuōzi every table</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">měitiān every day</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dōu</span><span class="font9">, "all": Here the adverb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9"> implies "each and every," or "without</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">exception"—"every Saturday, without exception." When the subject of a sentence is specified by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">měi-</span><span class="font9">, the following verb is usually modified by the adverb dōu.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Shíyīdiǎn shífēn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What time is the last bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Eleven-ten.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuìhòu yìbān chē</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuì</span><span class="font9"> is the word for "most," or "-est." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuìhòu </span><span class="font9">means "latest," or "last." Note the order in which the elements of this phrase appear:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuìhòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-bān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chē</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(last</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">one</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">run</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bus)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"the last bus"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Both the number and the counter are required in this phrase.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Compare:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">"the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">first</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bus"</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">"the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">next</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bus"</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">"the bus</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">last ,n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(previous)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">(See Note on No. 8 and. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià-</span><span class="font9">, "next<sup>11</sup>; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng-</span><span class="font9">, "last," "previous"; and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tóu-</span><span class="font9">, "first.")</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. D: Zhèbān chē shi bu shi qù Ximending?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">E: Shi. Shàng chi ba!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Does this bus go to Ximending?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Get on!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi bu shi qù</span><span class="font9">, "does it go to":<a name="footnote3"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark84">3</a></sup> The use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi bu shi qù</span><span class="font9"> rather than </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù bu qu</span><span class="font9"> in this sentence implies that the speaker has an idea that the bus does go to Ximending and wants to make sure. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèbān chē qù bu qu Ximending?</span><span class="font9"> would also be correct.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qù Ximending</span><span class="font9">, "goto Ximending": The destination directly follows the main verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù</span><span class="font9">. You now know two ways to indicate destination:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ dào Ximending qù. I am going to Ximending.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ qù Ximending.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The two forms are equally widely used.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shàng chē</span><span class="font9">: This verb has several meanings. In the Directions Module, the meaning was "to go up" in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shàng lóu, yòubian jiù shi mài dìtúde</span><span class="font9">. In this exchange, the meaning of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng</span><span class="font9"> is "to get on/in Ca vehicle]."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">F: Hǎo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">When we get to Ximending, please tell me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou</span><span class="font9"> means ’’when we arrive in Ximending." If you want to say, in Chinese, "when Esomething happens!!," add </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de shíhou</span><span class="font9"> to the phrase which names the happening.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In English, "when" can mean either "during the same time" (e.g. , "when I was a student") or "immediately after" (e.g., "when the light turns green"). In Chinese, however, two different expressions are used for the two meanings: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de shíhou</span><span class="font9"> for "at the same time" and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐhòu</span><span class="font9"> for "</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">imm</span><span class="font9">adiatsly after."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zài Xiānggǎn</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gde shíhou When</span><span class="font9"> Ci.e., </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">while]</span><span class="font9"> I was in Hong hen xǐhuan qù kàn diànyǐng. Kong, I liked to go to the movies very much.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ dàole Táibēi </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐhòu</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">When</span><span class="font9"> Ei.e., </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">after]</span><span class="font9"> I got to Taipei,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">mǎile hen duō Zhōngwén shū. I bought a lot of Chinese hooks.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">8. A: Hai you jīzhàn dào Xīméndīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">F: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīméndīng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">How many more stops are there to (before) Ximending?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The next stop is Ximending.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xià yízhàn</span><span class="font9">: Here </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià</span><span class="font9"> means "the next." It is a specifier. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xià</span><span class="font9"> is usually followed by a numeral or a counter, as in the following examples: xiàge yuè next month</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">xià yìbān chē the next bus</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The phrase </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià yízhàn</span><span class="font9"> contains no counter because -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàn</span><span class="font9">, like -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nián</span><span class="font9"> and -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiān</span><span class="font9">, is not used with a counter.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shàng-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">last, previous (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tóu-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">first (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">gàosu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to tell (alternate pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be few</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xià chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to get off the bus; "Out, please!"</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">1H.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">you(de) shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">sometimes</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">city</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The specifier </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng-</span><span class="font9">, "last," "previous," is used in the same patterns as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià-</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">shàngge yuè last month</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">shàng yìbān chē the previous bus</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tou-</span><span class="font9">, "first," literally "head": Let’s contrast </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">di-</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tou-</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dì-</span><span class="font9"> has no meaning of its own. Its function is to make a cardinal number into an ordinal number: for example, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">sān</span><span class="font9">, "three," becomes </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìsān</span><span class="font9">, "third," as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìsānge men</span><span class="font9">, "the third door." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tou-</span><span class="font9"> has a meaning of its own: "first," as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tousānge men</span><span class="font9">, "the first three doors."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tou-</span><span class="font9"> is always followed by at least a number plus a counter (or a noun that does not require a counter).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">touliǎngge rén the first two people</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tōusānbēn the first three volumes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tóusìtiān the first four days</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">touliǎngge</span><span class="font9">, "the first two," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìěrge</span><span class="font9">, "the second one," must use different words for "two," because</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">touliǎngge</span><span class="font9"> (COUNTING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìèrge</span><span class="font9"> (NOT COUNTING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tōuyige</span><span class="font9">, "the first one," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìyige</span><span class="font9">, "the first one," are similar in meaning and often interchangeable.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gàosu</span><span class="font9">, "to tell": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gàosong</span><span class="font9"> is the usual colloquial pronunciation in Beijing speech. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gàosu</span><span class="font9"> is the usual colloquial pronunciation in many other places in China, including Taiwan. The fact that, in a Taipei setting, the first speaker in exchange 7 uses </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font9"> tells you that he is almost certainly not a native of Taiwan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shǎo</span><span class="font9">, "to be few": Most of the comments about </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9"> in these Reference Notes (exchange 2) also apply to the adjectival verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font9">. Most frequently </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font9"> is used as the main verb of a sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒde qiǎn bù shǎo. I have quite a bit of money.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài Taiwan meiyou gōngzuòde There are few people in Taiwan rēn hěn shǎo. who do not have jobs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">One point deserves special attention: Although you may say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen duō shū </span><span class="font9">for "a lot of books,” you may not say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen shǎo shū</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hen shǎo</span><span class="font9"> can rarely modify a noun which follows—and neither can </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài shao</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhēn shǎo</span><span class="font9">, and related expressions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xià chē</span><span class="font9">, ”to get off Ca vehicled,” may be used to signal that you wish to get off—that this is your stop. The expression would be translated as "Out, please," or "Getting off, getting off," used by passengers in crowded buses and elevators.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You(de) shíhou</span><span class="font9">, "sometimes," precedes the verb of a sentence, as other time expressions do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā yōude shíhou kàn Yīngwén He sometimes reads English newspapers, bào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ you shíhou zuò Shíbālù Sometimes I take the Number 18 bus. chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Originally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chěng</span><span class="font9"> meant "city wall." This early meaning still affects modern usage: you must say "going INto the city," not just "to the city."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā jīntiān dào chénglǐtou qù. He is going to the city today.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark85"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark86"></a>VOCABULARY BOOSTER</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Modes of Transportation</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bicycle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zìxíngchē E</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bēijīngi</span><span class="font9">; jiǎotàchē E</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">TaiwanJ</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">boat motorboat rowboat sailboat sampan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bus</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">coach (long-distance)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chuan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">qìtīng huátīng fānchuán shānbǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gōnggòng qìchē chángtú qìchē</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">car (automobile)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qìchē, chēzi, chē</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">helicopter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">horseback riding</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhíshēngfēijī qí mǎ</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">jeep</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">j ípǔchē</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">motorcycle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǒtuōchē</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">plane jet</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fēijī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">pēnqìshì fēijī, pēnqìjī E</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">PRCJ</span><span class="font9">;</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">pēnshèshì fēijī, pēnshèjī E</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Taiwanl</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">subway</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìxiàtiē, dìtiě, dìxià huǒchē</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">taxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">chūzū qìchē, chūzū chē E</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">PRCJ</span><span class="font9">; jìchēngchē ETaiwanZl</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">train trolley truck</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huǒchē diànchē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kǎchē</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">walking</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu lù</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark15"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark87"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Dao Ximending qù, zuò jīlù chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) hasn’t yet</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What hus do you take to get to Ximending?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Dào Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jīlù chē? has already</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dào Nanjing Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē? did not</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē? hasn’t yet</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Dào Ximending qù, zuò jīlù chē? has already</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Dào tā jiā qù, zuò jīlù chē? hasn’t yet</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Dào càishichāng qù, zuò jilù chē? did not</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Dào Ximending qù, zuò jilù chē, tā hái měi gàosù wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He hasn’t yet told me what hus to take to get to Ximending.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jilù chē, tā yijīng gàosu wo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Nanjing Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā měi gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā hái mei gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Ximending qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā yijīng gàosu wo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào tā jiā qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā hái mei gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào càishichāng qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā mei gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zuò Shibālù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Take the Number 18 bus.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zuò Yílù chē.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zuò Shílù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zuò Liùlù chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zuò Wǔlù chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Qing ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíbālù chē, keyi bu keyi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please tell me, would it be all right to take the Number 18 bus?)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni gàosu wo, bu keyi?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò Yílù chē, keyi</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni gàosu wo, keyi bu keyi?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò Shílù chē,</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni gàosu wo, keyi bu keyi?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò Liùlù chē,</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni gàosu wo, káyi bu keyi?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò Wǔlù chē,</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zuò Qílù chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zuò Shíèrlù chē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Qílù chē, kēyi hu keyi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíèrlù chē, kěyi bu keyi?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Měi gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) èrshifēn zhōng (How often is there a bus?)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? shífēn zhōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? wùfēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? bāfēn zhōng</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? èrshifēn zhōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? shiwùfēn zhōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Měi gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? shíèrfēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Měi gē èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(There’s a bus every twenty minutes.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Měi gē shífēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Měi gē wùfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Měi gē bāfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Měi gé shíwùfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Měi gē shíèrfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Shíbālù chē duo bu duo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) èrshifēn zhōng (Are there many Number 18 buses?)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Bù shǎo. Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Quite a few. There's one every twenty minutes.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Yílù chē duō bu duo? wǔfēn zhōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dào Tāinān qùde chē duō bu duo? wǔshifēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Dào Jīléng qùde chē duō bu duo? sìshifēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Shílù chē duō bu duo? shífēn zhōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Sānlù chē duō bu duo? èrshiwǔfēn zhōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Èrlù chē duō bu duo? shíwufēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù shāo. Měi gé wǔfēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù shǎo. Mei gé wǔshifēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù shāo. Měi gé sìshifēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù shāo. Měi gé shífēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù shāo. Měi gé èrshiwufēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù shāo. Měi gé shíwufēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Taizhōng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What time is that bus?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Neibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Tainan</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Jīléng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Jiāyì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Tāiběi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">6.</span><span class="font9"> Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Huālián</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Qǐngwèn, dào Taizhōng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? (May I ask, what time is that bus to Taizhong?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, dào Tainan qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, dào Jīlōng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, dào Jiāyì qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, dào Tāiběi qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, dào Huālian qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nèibān chē shi jīdiǎn zhōng? Gāoxiōng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Qīngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qu.de nèibān chē shi jīdiǎn zhōng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 11:10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(is this the last bus?)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn shífēn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(No. The last bus is at 11:10.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 11:30</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn ban.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? Bu shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi 12:00 shíèrdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi ll:U0 shíyīdiǎn sìshifēn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi 12:10 shíèrdiǎn shífēn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? Bu shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi 11:00 shíyīdiǎn.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">10:50</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shídiǎn wushifēn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zhèibān chē dào Xīmendīng qù ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Does this bus go to Ximending?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōngshān Běilù qù ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōnghuā Lù qù ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Xīmendīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Does this bus go to Ximending?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zhōngshān Běilù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zhōnghuā Lù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zhèibān chē dào Zìyōu Lù qù ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zìyōu Lù?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhèihān chē dào Rénài Lù qù ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhèihān chē dào Nanjing Dōnglù qù ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zhèihān chē dào Hěpíng Xīlù qù ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèihān chē shi hu shi qù Rénài Lù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèihān chē shi hu shi qù Nanjing Dōnglù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèihān chē shi hu shi qù Hepíng Xīlù?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Tā xià chē le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Ximending</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He got off the hus.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tā xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Xīméndīng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He is getting off the hus.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā shàng chē le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhōngshān Beilù</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā shàng chē. Hépíng Dōnglù</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā xià chē le. Mínshēng Lù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā shàng chē le. Rénài Lù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā xià chē. Zhōnghua Lù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā shi zài Xīméndīng xiàde chē (He got off the hus at</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ximending.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài Xīméndīng xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He is getting off the hus at Ximending.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi zài Zhōngshān Bēilù shàngde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ta zài Hépíng Dōnglù shàng chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi zài Mínshēng Lù xiàde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi zài Rénài Lù shàngde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài Zhōnghua Lù xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Dào Xīméndīng qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) shíhou</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(When we GET TO Ximending, please tell me.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Dào Zhōngshān Běilù qǐng gàosu wo. yīqiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dào Nānjīng Dōnglù qǐng gàosu wo. shíhou</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(When we get to XIMENDING, please tell me.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Zhōngshān Běilù yǐqiān qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Nānjīng Dōnglùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Dào Rénài Lù qǐng gàosu wo. yǐqián</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Dào Mínquán LÙ qǐng gàosu. wo. shíhou</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Dào Hépíng Xīlù qǐng gàosu wo. yǐqián</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Dào Zìyou Lù qǐng gàosu wo. shíhou</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Rénài Lù yǐqián qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Mínquán Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Hépíng Xīlù yǐqián qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Zìyéu Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">J. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Hái you jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) xià</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How many more stops are there to CheforeH Ximending?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Hái you jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How many more stops are there to CheforeJ Ximending?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Zhōnghuá Lu? xià</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Nánjīng Dōnglù? 2</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Xīnshēng Nánlù? xià</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Zìyéu Lu? 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Mínshēng Lù? xià</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīméndīng. (The next stop is Ximending.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hái you sānzhàn jiù shi Xīméndīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Three more stops, and that’s Ximending.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Zhōnghuá Lù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hái you liǎngzhàn jiù shi Nánjīng Dōnglù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīnshēng Nánlù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hái you liǎngzhàn Jiù shi Zìyou Lù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Mínshēng Lù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">K. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā dào Zhōngguo qù. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) nián</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(He goes to China.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā kàn Zhōngguo diànyǐng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">yuè</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā dào Niǔ Yuē qù. xīngqī</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā dào xuéxiào lai. tiān</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā mǎi Yīngwén zāzhì.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīngqīwǔ</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā dào càishichāng qù. tiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā kàn hào. tiān</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā měiniān dōu dào Zhōngguo qù (He goes to China every year.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā měige yuè dōu kàn Zhōngguo diànyǐng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā měige xīngqī dōu dào Niǔ Yuē qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā měitiān dōu dào xuéxiào lai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā měige Xīngqīwǔ dōu mǎi Yīngwén zāzhì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā měitiān dōu dào càishichāng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā měitiān dōu kàn hào.</span></p>
- <div>
- <h4><a name="bookmark88"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark89"></a>UNIT 2</span></h4>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark90"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark91"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">(in Bēijīng)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jīlù chē ya?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zuò Yílù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Zánmen zài nàr mài piào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zài chēshang mǎi piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. B: Hào, xiànzài zǒu ba!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Èi! Zánmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hái mei ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7i<a name="footnote4"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark92">4</a></sup>C: Láojià, Shíwùlù qìchēzhàn zài nàr?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">D: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What bus do you take to get there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Take the Number 1 bus.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Take it to Xīdān and change buses.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Where do we buy tickets?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We buy tickets on the bus.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay, let’s go now!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s (just) on that corner.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. gōnggòng qìchē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. -li</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. -shang</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. shàng ban</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. xià ban</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">public bus (local)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">in (locational ending)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">on</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to start work, to go to work</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to get off from work, to leave work</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark17"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark93"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">ba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(tone softener)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">cái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">then and only then, not until</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gōnggòng qìchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">public bus (local)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-li</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">in (locational ending)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">piào (yìzhang)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ticket, coupon</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qìchēzhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bus stop</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">-shang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">on (locational ending)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shàng ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to go to work, to start work</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xià ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to get off from work, to leave work</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Xīdān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(a district in Beijing)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zánmen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">we (specifically includes the</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">listener)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhǎnlǎnguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">exhibition hall</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhídáchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">direct bus, nonstop bus</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò dao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to ride to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuòguò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to ride past</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced, on C-2 and. P-2 tapes</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Āndìngměn bǐjiǎo dòngwuyuán liǎngcì Xiao (name)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(a neighborhood in Beijing) comparatively, relatively zoo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">two times, twice</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Little (name) Cfamiliar form of name among friends]</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xióngmāo zhǎnlǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">panda to exhibit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhèicì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">this time</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark18"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark94"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is there a direct hus to the exhibition hall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào zhanlǎnguǎn</span><span class="font9"> is the topic of the first sentence in exchange 1.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhídáchē</span><span class="font9"> refers to a city hus in exchange 1, although the word is more properly used to refer to buses between cities.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Changed tones</span><span class="font9">: You have now learned several three-syllable words in which the middle syllable changes tone in normal fast speech. These words and the changes you hear are</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">J iānádà J iānādà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīméndīng Xīméndīng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zhǎnlǎnguǎn zhanlanguǎn zhanlǎnguǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zhídáchē zhídáchē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(For further discussion of this type of tone change, see Tone Changes in the P&R Summary.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jīlù chē ya? B: Zuò Yīlù chē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What bus do you take to get there? Take the Number 1 bus.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ya</span><span class="font9"> is a variant form of the marker a_. If the word directly preceding the a. ends in a vowel, the semivowel or w may be inserted; the marker is then pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ya</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wa</span><span class="font9">. If the word directly preceding </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">a</span><span class="font9"> ends in a consonant, that sound is carried forward as the initial sound of the marker: /(consonant sound)a/</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shi nǎrde rén </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">/n/al</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ xìng Wáng /ng/a?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī hǎo /w/a?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhēn kuài /jf/a!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Take it to Xīdān and change "buses.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò dao Xīdān</span><span class="font9">: In earlier exchanges, phrases consisting of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font9"> and a place word were placed before the main verb in a sentence. In this exchange, you see that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font9"> + place word can also be placed after the main verb. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dao</span><span class="font9"> is toneless when it follows the verb of a sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huàn</span><span class="font9"> is used in exchange 3 for "changing" from one bus to another. It was used in earlier modules for "changing" from one currency to another.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">H. A: Zanmen zài nǎr māi piào?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Where do we buy tickets? We buy tickets on the bus.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zài chēshang mǎi piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. H</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Although spelled </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zánmen</span><span class="font9">, this word is actually pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zámen</span><span class="font9">, and in everyday conversation even as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zám</span><span class="font9">. Both </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">women</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zánmen</span><span class="font9"> are translated as "we." Most speakers of Chinese outside Běijīng use only </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">women</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Many Chinese from Beijīng use the pronoun </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">women</span><span class="font9"> only when the person being spoken to is not included in the "we." To show that the person being spoken to IS included in the "we," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zánmen</span><span class="font9"> is used.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">For instance, if everyone in a room is Chinese, any one person could say to all of the others </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zánmen dōu shi Zhòngguo ren</span><span class="font9">, "All of us are Chinese." If an American then entered the room, someone might say to him </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Women shi Zhōngguo ren, nī shi Měiguo ren</span><span class="font9">, "We are Chinese, and you are American.'*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The phrase </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài chēshang</span><span class="font9"> consists of the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> followed by the noun </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chē</span><span class="font9"> plus the locational ending </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-shang</span><span class="font9">. Some verbs like </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> must be followed by a place word or phrase (or by time words or phrases). But not all nouns which refer to things which occupy space can be used as place words. You must learn which words can function as place words and which cannot.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèr</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàr</span><span class="font9">, relative location words (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuobianr</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōngbianr</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàibianr</span><span class="font9">, etc.), and names of cities and countries may be used as place words. In general, nouns which refer to buildings, institutions, organizations, parks, and other specific locations may be used as place words. Nouns which refer to vehicles, people, books, furniture, and other things that can be moved around are NOT considered place words. When a noun from this group is to be used in a phrase with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">, either a locational ending is added to the noun or the place word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèr</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàr</span><span class="font9"> follows it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài zhuōzishang you hen duō There are many hooks on the table, shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài nèige zhuōzi nàr He studies at that table,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">niàn shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Locational endings</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-shang</span><span class="font9">, "on”; -li, ”in”; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-wài</span><span class="font9">, "outside"; and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-xià</span><span class="font9">, "under," are locational endings.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài lóuxià mǎi dōngxi. He is buying things downstairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Fàndiànli you méiyou mài Is there a place to buy candy in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tángde? the hotel?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You have learned three generally equivalent ways to form place expressions: noun + locational ending; noun followed by relative location word; noun + </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font9"> followed by relative location word.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">men-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-wài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">děng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">men</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wài-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-bianr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">děng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">men</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wài-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-bianr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">děng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5- B: Hǎo, xiànzài zōu ba!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay, let’s go now!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ba</span><span class="font9">: You have seen the marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font9"> used in different situations at the ends of sentences. In each case, however, its effect was to soften the impact of whatever the speaker was saying. Here is a summary of the uses you have seen:</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">a. After a phrase which puts forth an opinion or guess, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font9"> adds a questioning tone (BIO, Unit 2).</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā dàgài bù lai le ba? He’s probably not coming after all is he?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shi Wài Shàoxiào ba? You must be Major Weiss.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">b. After a statement which puts forth a course of action, ba softens the tone. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ba</span><span class="font9"> may be used at the end of a sentence with a meaning ranging anywhere from tentative and consulting to suggesting or advising to requesting or ordering. (The tone of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font9"> sentences varies according to the person being spoken to, the speaker’s tone of voice, and other words, such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐng</span><span class="font9">, "please," in a sentence.) (MON, Unit 3)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ zǒu ba!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ hǎohāor xiǎngxiang ba!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ba!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zanmen zǒu ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ mǎi dàde ba.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Leave! (ORDERING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You think it over carefully! (ADVISING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please go ahead! (INVITING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Let’s go. (SUGGESTING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I guess I’ll get the large oriet (TENTATIVE AND CONSULTING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There is no single way to translate this use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font9">. In the examples above, you can see that when the subject is "you,” </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font9"> goes untranslated; when the subject is "we," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font9"> is translated as "let’s"; and when the subject is "I," ba is translated as "I guess."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Ei! Zanmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú shi</span><span class="font9">: Below are some examples of affirmative questions and their negative counterparts (using </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú shi</span><span class="font9">). Notice that in the two negative examples </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font9"> means something like "to be the case that...."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā yǐjīng zǒu le ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bú shi yǐjīng zǒu le ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhù zai Shànghǎi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bú shi zhù zai Shànghǎi ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Has he already gone?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hasn’t he already gone? (isn’t it the case that he has already gone?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Does she live in Shànghǎi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Doesn’t she live in Shànghǎi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(isn’t it the case that she lives in Shànghǎi?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuòguò le</span><span class="font9">: To the main verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font9">, "to ride," "to take," the ending -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">guò </span><span class="font9">is added to indicate the result of the action—"going past/too far." (The full verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">guò</span><span class="font9"> means "to pass," "to cross.") The ending </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-guò</span><span class="font9"> may also be added to the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǒu</span><span class="font9">, "to go," to indicate result.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Òu, nǐ zhǎo Nánwèi Hútong! Oh, you are looking for Nánwèi Hútong. Nǐ zǒuguò le! Nǐ děi You have walked past it. You will</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">wàng huí zǒu. have to go back.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Aspect marker ne</span><span class="font9">: You have frequently seen an aspect marker used to indicate a CHANGE: completion </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> shows that an action or process has been carried out (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā zou le</span><span class="font9">, "He has left"); new situation le marks a change in the past, present, or future (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tāde dàyī pole</span><span class="font9">, "His coat is worn out"). In exchange 6, the aspect marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> indicates the ABSENCE OF CHANGE. In this exchange, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> emphasizes that there has been no change in the situation. You may want to think of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> as the opposite of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> is used with ACTION and STATE verbs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiànzāi niàn shū ne. He is studying now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài zhèr ne. He’s here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèizhī bǐ hái keyi xiě ne. This pen is still good (can still write).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hái</span><span class="font9">, "still," "yet": When this adverb is used, the sentence very often ends with the marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān wǒ hái bù zou ne. I’m not leaving tomorrow (yet).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(i.e. , I'll still be here tomorrow.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā hái mei lái ne. He hasn't come yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"Still" and "yet" may, however, be translated into Chinese with either </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hái </span><span class="font9">or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā hái mei lái. He hasn't come yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā mei lái ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cái</span><span class="font9"> means "then and only then" or "not until then." It is used to talk about something that has happened or will happen later than expected.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women míngtiān cái zou. We don't leave until tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sentences in which </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font9"> is used emphasize when something happened, rather than the fact that it happened. Therefore </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">(shi). . . -de</span><span class="font9">, not </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9">, is used to indicate completed action.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā (shi) bādiǎn zhōng cái He didn't come until eight o'clock, láide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zuótiān cái dàode. I didn’t arrive until yesterday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that the </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font9"> in the </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi...-de</span><span class="font9"> construction may be omitted. Also, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font9"> is placed AFTER a time word or phrase and BEFORE the verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You have learned three words for "then": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font9"> is used for action taking place earlier thai% expected. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cái</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> imply that something happens later than expected. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cái</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font9"> are used in descriptions of completed or future action. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font9"> is used mostly for plans, suggestions, and commands—in reference to future actions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zuótiān Jiù dào le. He arrived yesterday (already).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā (shi) zuótiān cái láide. He didn't come until yesterday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni míngtiān zài zou ba! Don't go until tomorrow!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that, in the description of past events, most sentences containing </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font9"> also contain the completion </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> marker.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. C: Laojià, Shíwùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">D: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Excuse me. Where is the Number 15</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bus stop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s (just) on that corner.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lùkǒurshang</span><span class="font9">, literally "on the intersection": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lùkǒur</span><span class="font9"> means "road mouth," a crossroads or intersection. The word is a place-word expression and may follow </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> with or without the locational ending -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shang</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark95"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark96"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Dào Beijing Zhanlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídáchē? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Mínzú Fàndiàn (is there a direct bus to the Beijing Exhibition Hall?)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn you meiyou zhídáchē? Sānlǐtún</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dào Sānlǐtún you meiyou zhídáchē? Xidan</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Dào Xīdān you meiyou zhídáchē? Dōngdān Càishichāng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Dào Dōngdān Càishichāng you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiānádà Wǔguānchù</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(is there a direct bus to the Nationalities Hotel?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Sānlǐtún you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Xīdān you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Dōngdān Càishichāng you meiyou zhídáchē ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Dào Beijing Zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídáchē? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Xīdān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(is there a direct bus to the Beijing Exhibition Hall?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Meiyou, děi zài Xīdān huàn chē (There isn’t. You have to change buses at Xīdān.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Sānlǐtún you meiyou zhídáchē? Dōngdān</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Meiyou, děi zài Dōngdān huàn chē</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Meiyou, děi zài tāmen nàr huàn chē</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Guānghuá Lù you meiyou zhídáchē? tāmen nàr</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn you meiyou zhídáchē? Qiánmen</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē? Xīdān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Dào Qiánmen you meiyou zhídáchē? Dōngdān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Dào Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē you meiyou zhídáchē? càishichǎng nàr</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Meiyou, dēi zài Qiánmen huàn chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Meiyou, dēi zài Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Meiyou, dēi zài Dōngdān huàn chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Meiyou, dēi zài càishichǎng nàr huàn chē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: dào nàr qù (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) jī (to go there)</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">OR dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(to go to the exhibition hall)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><a href="#bookmark97"><span class="font9">2. dào Dōngdān qù</span></a></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. dào nàr qù</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><a href="#bookmark98"><span class="font9">4. dào Xīnhuá Shūdiàn qù</span></a></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><a href="#bookmark99"><span class="font9">5. dào Sānlītún qù</span></a></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng qù jī</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Dào nàr qù zuò jīlù chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What Cnumber3 bus do you take to go there?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù zuò Sānlù chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(To go to the exhibition hall, take the Number 3 bus.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Dōngdān qù zuò Sānlù chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào nàr qù zuò jīlù chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Xīnhuá Shūdiàn qù zuò Yīlù chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Sānlītún qù zuò Wùlù chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng qù zuò jīlù chē?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nín xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(You first take the Number 1 bus. Take it to Xīdān and change buses.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I first take the Number 1 bus. I take it to Xīdān and change buses. Right?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nín xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē huàn chē.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nín xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nín xiān zuò Wǔlù chē, zuò dao Qiánmén huàn chē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nín xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlǐtún huàn chē.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nín xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtán Lù huàn chē.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nín xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá LÙ huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Wǔlù chē, zuò dao Qiānmén huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlǐtún huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtān Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Dào nàr qù xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(To go there, first</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nar huàn chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I first take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus. May I ask, where do I change buses?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Dào Zhǎnlānguān qù xiān zuò Yīlù chē, ránhòu zuò Sìlù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Yīlù chē, ránhòu zuò Sìlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dào Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē qù xiān zuò Èrlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Dào Rìtán Lù qù xiān zuò Qílù chē, ránhòu zuò Sānlù chē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Dào Sānlǐtún qù xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Dào Rìtán LÙ qù xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Èrlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo xiān zuò Qílù chē, ránhòu zuò Sānlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Dào Xīdān qù xiān zuò Shíwǔlù chē, rānhòu zuò Liùlù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zuò Shíwǔlù chē, rānhòu zuò Liùlù chē. Qīngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) chēshang (Where do we buy tickets?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? zhèr</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? nar</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Dōngdān nàr</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? chēshang</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? càishichāng nàr</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Xīdān nàr</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài chēshang mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Where do we buy tickets? Do we buy them on the bus?)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zanmen jiǔdiǎn zhōng shàng bān.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(We start work at nine-o’clock.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Women wǔdiǎnbàn xià bān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Women xià yízhàn xià chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Yínhāng jiǔdiǎn zhōng kāi men.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Women xià yízhàn huàn chē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zanmen jiǔdiǎn zhōng cāi shàng bān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We don’t start work until nine o’clock.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women wǔdiǎnbàn cāi xià bān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women xià yízhàn cāi xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yínhāng jiǔdiǎn zhōng cāi kāi men.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women xià yízhàn cāi huàn chē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zānmen zài nǎr</span></p></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǎi piào?</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhèr</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">mai piao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">ma?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zanmen zài mǎi piào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">nǎr ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">piào?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">nàr</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zānmen zài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dōngdān i</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">nǎr mǎi piào? nàr mǎi piào ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zanmen zài nǎr chēshang mǎi</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǎi piào? piào ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zānmen zài nǎr càishichāng i</span></p></td><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǎi piào? Zài aàr mǎi piào ma?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zanmen zài nǎr nàr mǎi piào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǎi ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">piào?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Xīdān</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng xià hān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng shàng hān.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng cǎi xià hān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng cǎi shàng hān.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nanjīng Dōnglù dào le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(cue) hai mei ne</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Have we reached Nǎnjīng Dōnglù?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Nǎnjīng Dōnglù dào le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) dào le</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Have we reached Nǎnjīng Dōnglù?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zhōnghuǎ LÙ dào le ma? hǎi mei ne</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dàlī Jiē dào le ma? dào le</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zhōngshān Běilù dào le ma? hǎi mei ne</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Hepíng Xīlù dào le ma? dào le</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Jīlōng Lù dào le ma? hǎi mei ne</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Hǎi mei ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We have already arrived. We get off here.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎi měi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎi měi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎi měi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Qǐngwèn Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) nèige lùkǒurshang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(May I ask, where is the Number 15 hus stop?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it’s tjustl on that corner.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Qǐngwèn Shísìlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige dàlou nàr</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù zài nèige dàlǒu nàr.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Qǐngwèn Liùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? lùde nèibian</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Qǐngwèn, Yīlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige yínhǎng qiánbian</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Qǐngwèn, Sānlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige shāngdiàn nàr</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Qǐngwèn, Qílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? càishichāng qiánbian</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Qǐngwèn, Shílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige diànyǐngyuàn qiánbian</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù zài lùde nèibian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù zài nèige yínháng qiánbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù zài nèige shāngdiàn nàr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù zài nèige càishichāng qiánbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù zài nèige diànyǐngyuàn qiánbian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">J. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 8 o’clock</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā jiudiǎn zhōng lái ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 10 o’clock</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā sìdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 5 o’clock</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā yìdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 12 o’clock</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma? 7 o’clock</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā liùdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 8 o’clock</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā shídiǎn zhōng lái ma? 11 o’clock</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā shuō tā bādiǎn zhōng jiù lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He says he is coming at eight o’clock.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō tā shídiǎn zhōng cái lái ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He says he isn’t coming until ten o’clock.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō tā wǔdiǎn zhōng cái lái ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō tā shíèrdiǎn zhōng jiù lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō tā qīdiǎn zhōng jiù lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō tā bādiǎn zhōng cái lái ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō tā shíyīdiǎn zhōng cái lái ne.</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark100"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark101"></a>UNIT 3</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark102"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark103"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Taipei)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Ai, jìchéngchē!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nǐ dào náli?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Dào huǒchēzhān.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. <a name="footnote5"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark104">5</a></sup>B: Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn xíngli ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Shi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. <sup><a href="#bookmark104">5</a></sup>B: Wǒ bǎ xíngli fàng zai qiánbian.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Women you shíjiān, láidejí.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. <a name="footnote6"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark105">6</a></sup> A: Bié kāi nàme kuài!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Xièxie. Duōshao qián?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Èr shi qīkuài.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yòng zhǎo le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. A: Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínhāng ting yíxià.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ chē ting zai nèibian děng nín.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Hey, taxi!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Where are you going?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To the train station.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is there only this one piece of luggage?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’ll put the suitcase in front.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You are driving too fast!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He doesn’t drive fast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We have time. We can make it in time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t drive so fast!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here is your suitcase.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Thank you. How much is it Cthe fare3?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Twenty-seven dollars.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change, (literally, ”No need to give me change.”)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. chūzū qìchē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. láihuj í</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. qìchē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">1^. zhème</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">15. zènme</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">taxi (PRC)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">can’t make it in time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">car, motor vehicle</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">so, to this extent, in this way</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">so, to this extent, in this way</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-3.png" alt="" style="width:480pt;height:332pt;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shànghǎi-made auto in Guangzhou, 1978</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <h5><a name="bookmark20"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark106"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font9">) chi fàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">J ìnliàng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">to have a meal</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to exert all one’s effort, to do one’s best to</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">ba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(prepositional verb which indicates the direct object)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bié</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bú yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">don’t no need to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chūzū qìchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">taxi (PRC)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to put</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huǒchēzhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">train station</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(counter for items or articles such as suitcases and clothing)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jìchéngchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">taxi (Taipei)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kāi kuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to drive (a vehicle) to be fast</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lāibují láidejí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">can’t make it in time can make it in time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">man</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be slow</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">name</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">so, to that extent, in that way</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qìchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">car, motor vehicle</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shij iān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to stop, to park</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xíngli (yíjiàn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">luggage, suitcase</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíxià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">a short amount of time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zènme zhème</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">so, to this extent, in this way</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">so, to this extent, in this way</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Lao (name)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">motuōchē náchuqu song</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Old (name) Efamiliar nickname for an older person among close friendsJ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">motorcycle</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to take (something) out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to see someone off, to escort someone to a train station, airport, bus depot, or pier</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced in Communication Game</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Zheng hao.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Right on time.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark21"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark107"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Ài, jìchēngchē!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nǐ dào náli?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Dào huochēzhàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hey, taxi!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Where are you going? To the train station</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ dào náli?</span><span class="font9"> This expression, full sentence. The taxi driver is</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">like the English "Where to?" is not a using a shortened form of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ dào náli</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xíngli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Is there only this one piece of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">luggage?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shì.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yes.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wo bǎ xíngli fàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">I'll put the suitcase in front.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">qiánbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 2-3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhè yíjiàn xíngli</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-jiàn</span><span class="font9"> is the counter for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font9"> is a prepositional verb which often cannot be directly translated into English. Originally, as a full verb, ba meant "to hold something with one’s hands." Today bǎ is usually used as a prepositional verb which brings the direct object to the front of the sentence, before the main verb. In some cases, bǎ may be translated as "take."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bǎ zhèiběn shū fàng He put the book on the table,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zai zhuōzishang. (He took the book and put it on</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">the table.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">But, in many cases, the meaning of "take" does not correspond to the function of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> in the sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bǎ may be used with many types of objects, concrete and abstract. As a prepositional verb, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> shows that its object (the noun which follows) is the direct object in the sentence, even though it does not follow the main verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā mài tāde qìchē le. He sold his car.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bǎ tāde qìchē mài le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The next questions are "Why use bǎ?" and "When is bǎ used?" On the next page are some basic rules for using </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">a. The object in a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font9"> phrase must be a particular known thing. This rule follows the general pattern in Chinese of an object preceding the verb, in topic position or in a bǎ phrase, being specific.<a name="footnote7"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark108">7</a></sup> The object in a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> phrase should be translated by the English definite article "the" or by other words that indicate definiteness, such as "that" and "my."</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ you </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font9"> ma? Do you have </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">any luggage?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You. Zhǐ you </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhè yíjiàn</span><span class="font9">. Yes. I have only </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">this one piece</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font9"> fǎngzai Okay. I will put </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">the suitcase</span><span class="font9"> in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">qiánbian. front.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">b. The object of a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> phrase must be at the disposal of the subject before the action begins. Thus the object of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànjian</span><span class="font9">, "to see," cannot be used with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9">, nor can the object of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎi</span><span class="font9">, "to buy."</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ mǎile nèiběn shū. I bought the book.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ nèiběn</span><span class="font9"> shū mài le. I sold the book.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">c.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Fang zai qiánbian</span><span class="font9">: The verb in a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> sentence is usually a transitive ACTION verb. An action verb refers to an activity that can be done voluntarily, either physically (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">mài</span><span class="font9">, "to sell") or mentally (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">niàn</span><span class="font9">, "to study"). Contrast this with a state verb, which refers to a quality or condition that the subject has no control over.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">For instance, you can decide to study or to learn something, so </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xué</span><span class="font9"> is an action verb. But you cannot decide to know something, so </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9"> is a state verb. Although some state verbs, like </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐhuan</span><span class="font9">, are transitive, the objects of these verbs cannot be put in a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> phrase because these verbs are not action verbs.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">d. A </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> sentence does not end with only a verb of one syllable. Either the verb has several syllables or a phrase follows the verb. In the final sentence of exchange 3, the action verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàng</span><span class="font9"> is followed by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zai </span><span class="font9">and the destination </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qiánbian</span><span class="font9">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Nǐ kaide tài kuài le! You are driving too fast!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">-de: To describe how action is performed, the marker -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font9"> is added to the verb describing the action, and that verb is followed by an adjectival verb which expresses the MANNER in which the action takes place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cultural information</span><span class="font9">: Taxi drivers are not offended "by comments about their driving such as the exclamation in exchange h. If ignored, a request to slow down should be repeated.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">He doesn’t drive fast.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Verb, object, and the description of manner</span><span class="font9">: If an action verb with a direct object is to be described in terms of how the action is done, use the following pattern.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Ta</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuo</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhongguo huà</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuō -de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">. Aài. _ hen</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">man.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bú</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">speak</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Chinese</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">speak</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">_too__ very not</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">slow)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"He speaks Chinese too/very/not slowly."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that the main verb and direct object occur first; then the main verb is repeated, followed by -de and the description of manner. Compare the pattern above with the pattern you learned in the Biographic Information Module, Unit 8: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wo niàn Yīngwēn niànle liùnián</span><span class="font9">, "I studied English for six years."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The main verb is repeated when BOTH the direct object and a duration phrase or a description of manner MUST follow the verb directly. In such a case, Chinese handles this post-verb "traffic Jam" by making a topic out of the more general information (what is being done): the verb and direct object. The more specific information about how the action is done becomes the comment. A literal translation of the pattern example above is "As for (the way) he speaks Chinese, (he) speaks too/very/not slowly."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A special point to observe: In English, we may say "He doesn’t speak Chinese slowly," putting the negative word before "speak." In Chinese, the negation must be placed directly in front of the word that is referred to (in the example, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">man</span><span class="font9">, "slow"—not saying that he doesn’t speak, but saying that his speech is not slow).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Linguists have pointed out the potentially comical effect of using English word order for sentences in Chinese with manner descriptions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If you were to use English word order to say "I can’t speak Chinese very well," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huà hen hǎo</span><span class="font9">, your sentence would mean, literally, "(The fact that) I can’t speak Chinese is very good." The right way to say "I can’t speak Chinese very well" is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ shuō Zhōngguo huà shuōde bú tai hǎo</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Women you shíjiān, láidejí. We have time. We can make it in</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">time.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Qǐng man yìdiǎn kāi. Please drive a little slower.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 6-7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ShiJiān</span><span class="font9">: You now know two words for "time": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíhou</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíjiān</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shijiān</span><span class="font9"> is used for an amount of time. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shíhou</span><span class="font9"> is usually used for a point or period in time when something happens.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Laidejí</span><span class="font9"> is an idiom meaning "able to make it on time Cto do some-thingn." The negative, "not able to make it on time," is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">láibují</span><span class="font9">. (See the Meeting Module for additional discussion of such idioms.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐng man yìdiǎn kāi</span><span class="font9">, "Please drive a little slower": In the notes on exchange 5» you learned a pattern for describing manner: verb + -de + adjectival verb. In this sentence, however, the adjectival verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">man</span><span class="font9"> + </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font9"> precede the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi</span><span class="font9">. When the adjectival verbs </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">man</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǎo</span><span class="font9">, and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǎn</span><span class="font9"> are followed by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font9">, the phrases thus formed may either precede or follow the verb of the sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng man yìdiǎn kāi. Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng kāi man yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kāi. Please drive a little faster. Qǐng kāi kuài yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zǎo yìdiǎn lai. Please come a little earlier. Qǐng ni lai zǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni wǎn yìdiǎn lai. Please come a little later. Qǐng ni lai wǎn yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Many adjectival verbs + </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font9"> must follow the sentence verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xiě xiǎo yìdiǎn. Write it a little smaller.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xiě dà yìdiǎn. Write it a little bigger.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò hǎo yìdiǎn. Do it a little better.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The marker -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font9"> is optional, and usually omitted, before adjectival verb + </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font9"> phrases.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">8. A: Bié kāi name kuài!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t drive so fast!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here you see a third way to describe the performance of an action.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">First, you saw a straight description:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ kāide tài kuài le! You are driving too fast!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā niàn shū niànde t>ú cuò. She is doing pretty well in her studies.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Then, you saw a command in which an adjectival verb + </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font9"> phrase could be placed either before or after the main sentence verb:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng màn yìdiān kāi. Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng kāi màn yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Now, in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bié kāi name kuài</span><span class="font9">, you see a negative command. The modifying adjectival verb follows the main verb. The marker -de is optional, and usually omitted, as long as the adjectival verb is preceded by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàme</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhème</span><span class="font9"> (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zènme</span><span class="font9">).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bié zǒu nàme màn le! Quit walking so slowly!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bié qīlai zènme wǎn! Don’t get up so late!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ zǒu nàme màn, zānmen Jiu If you walk so slowly, we won’t láibují le! make it in time!</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Xièxie. Duōshao qiān?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Èrshiqīkuài.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yǒng zhǎo le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Here is your suitcase.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Thank you. How much is it Cthe fare3?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Twenty-seven dollars.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change, (literally, "No need to give me change.’’)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ershiqjkuài</span><span class="font9">: This money phrase does not contain the word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qiān</span><span class="font9"> because the counter </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài</span><span class="font9"> can stand alone if the reference could clearly be only to money. Other counters for money, such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">mao</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font9">, usually require the addition of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qiān</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú yòng zhǎo le</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú yòng</span><span class="font9"> is an idiom meaning "no need to." A more literal translation of the sentence is "No need to give me change." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ni bú yòng kāi name kuài</span><span class="font9"> would be translated as "There’s no need for you to drive that fast."<a name="footnote8"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark109">8</a></sup></span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">10. A: Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng ting yíxià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ chē ting zai nèibian děng nín.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíxià</span><span class="font9">, "awhile," is used to indicate a short, indefinite amount of time. The use of this word communicates indefiniteness, just as reduplicating the verb would have done (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tíngyitíng)</span><span class="font9">. The first speaker in this exchange does not commit himself to an exact length of time.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark110"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark111"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Ni kāide tai kuài le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) chē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(You are driving too fast.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā tíngde tài kuài le. chē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐ kànde tài màn le. shū</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Tā shuōde tài kuài le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīngwén</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. NǏ xuéde tài màn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhōngwén</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā niànde tài kuài le. zhengzhixué</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐ kànde tài màn le. bào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Qǐng ni màn kāi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please drive slowly.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Qǐng ni màn zǒu.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Qǐng ni màn shuō.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Qǐng ni kuài shuō.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Qǐng ni màn xià chē.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Qǐng ni kuài qù.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Qǐng ni kuài shàng chē.</span></p></li></ul></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. (You are driving too fast.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā ting chē tíngde tài kuài le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ kàn shū kànde tài màn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ xué Zhōngwén xuéde tài màn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā niàn zhengzhixué niànde tài kuài le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please drive a little slower.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn zǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn shuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn shuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn xià chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn shàrig chē.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ kāi chē, kāide tài kuài le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(You are driving too fast.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ kàn shū, kānde tài man le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ shuō Yīngwēn shuōde tài kuài le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐ mài piào màide tài màn le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐ shuō Zhōngwěn shuōde tài màn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Nǐ kāi chē kàide tài kuài le. Qǐng nǐ màn yìdiān kāi. (You are driving too fast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please drive a little slower.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ kàn shū, kànde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān kàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le. Qīng ni kuài yìdiān kàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō Yīngwēn shuōde tài kuài le. Qīng ni màn yìdiān shuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. Qīng ni màn yìdiān kāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ mài piào màide tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān mài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō Zhōngwěn shuōde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān shuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">D. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Women you shífēn zhōng, láidejí láibují?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) tài yuān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Women you shífēn zhōng, láidej í láibuj í ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) hen jin</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Women you sānshifēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? tài yuān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Women you ershifēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? hen jin</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Tài yuān. Jiù you shífēn zhōng, láibují.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it’s too far. CIfi we have only ten minutes, we can’t make it in time.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hen jin. You shífēn zhōng, láidejí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it’s very near. LIfJ we have ten minutes, we can make it in time.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tài yuān. Jiù you sānshifēn zhōng, láibuj í.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hen jin. You ershifēn zhōng, láidejí</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">u.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women you shíwǔfēn zhōng,</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yuǎn</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tài yuǎn. lāibuj í.</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù you shíwǔfēn zhōng,</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">lāidejí lāibují?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tài</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women you shífēn zhōng, lāidejí lāibují? hen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">J in</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hen Jin.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">You shífēn zhōng, lāidejí.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women you èrshifēn lāidejí lāibují?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhōng, tài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yuǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tài yuǎn. lāibuj í.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jiù you èrshifēn zhōng,</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">E. Transformation</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font9">Drill</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Women lāidejí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) qǐng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We can make it in time.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Women lāidej í. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) bié</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We can make it in time.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Women you shíjiān. qǐng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Bié kāi zhème kuài!</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(Please drive a little slower.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(Don’t drive so fast! )</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn zǒu.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zou zhème màn!</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng màn yìdiǎn shuō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuō zhème kuài!</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kāi zhème màn!</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kàn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kàn zhème màn!</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng màn yìdiǎn shuō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuō zhème kuài!</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn zǒu.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zōu zhème màn!</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Women lāidejí. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We can make it in time. Please drive a little slower.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women lāidejí. Bié kāi nàme kuài!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We can make it in time. Don’t drive so fast! )</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women you shíjiān. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women you shíjiān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">, bie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women you shíjiān. kuài!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bie kāi nàme</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women láidejí.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qǐng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women láidejí. Qǐng ni màn yìdiān kāi.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women láidejí.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women láidejí. Bie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kāi nàme kuài!</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women you shíjiān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women you shíjiān. yìdiān kāi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni màn</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">G.</span></p></td><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Èrshiqīkuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) bù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Twenty-seven dollars.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Èrshiqīkuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) sān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Twenty-seven dollars.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">:</span></p></td><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi sānshikuài. Bu yòng zhāo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi sānshikuài. Qīng ni zhāo sānkuài qián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Here’s thirty dollars. Please give me three dollars Cin3 change.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Èrshiliù kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shi sānshikuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">le.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Èrshi kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shi</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi sānshikuài. shíkuài qián.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Èrshiwǔ kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shi sānshikuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">le.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Èrshiyī kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiu</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi sānshikuài. jiùkuài qián.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Èrshibā kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shi sānshikuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">le.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Qǐng ni ting yíxià. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) yínhāng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please stop for a moment.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. càishichāng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. diànyǐngyuàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. shūdiàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. xuéxiào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. fàndiàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Qǐng ni ting yíxià.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">yínhāng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Qǐng ni zài nèige yínhāng ting yíxià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please stop at that bank for a moment.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zài nèige caishichāng ting yíxià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zài nèige diànyǐngyuàn ting yíxià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zài nèige shūdiàn ting yíxià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zài nèige xuéxiào ting yíxià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zài nèige fàndiàn ting yíxià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zài nèige yínhāng ting yixià.</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark112"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark113"></a>UNIT 4</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark114"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark115"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Taipei)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Wǒ xiǎng qù Tainan wan Jitiān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng "bu xíng?<a name="footnote9"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark116">9</a></sup></span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Dào Tainan qù zuò Gōnglùjú bu dà fāngbian.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. C: Shì zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D: Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. E: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">F: Dào Táinán zuò huochē zuì fāngbian.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāhtiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú yě dēi xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shenme shíhoude chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wo yào zuò shàngwùde chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. B: Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwán le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Would it be all right to take the bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is it better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s better to go by train.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To Tainan, it’s most convenient to take the train.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What train do you want to take?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I want to take a morning train.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and. P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. chuán</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. dìtiē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. dìxià huochē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. wan (wánr)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. -wan</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">boat, ship</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">subway (abbreviation for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìxià tiēdào</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">underground train, subway</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result)</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark28"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark117"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bú bì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">not necessary, don’t have to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">boat, ship</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìtiě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">subway (abbreviation for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìxià </span><span class="font9">tiědào)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìxià huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">underground train, subway</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fāngbian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be convenient</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Gōnglùjú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bureau of Highways (Taiwan)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">train</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">liāngsān-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">two or three</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">màiwán le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be sold out</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">wan (wánr) -wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself to be finished (occurs in compound</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">verbs of result)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ahead of time, beforehand</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuì hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">it would be best to</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huá chuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to row a boat</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">sàn bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to take a walk</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">hill, mountain</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">rivers, lakes (literally, ’’water")</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">youyong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to swim</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark31"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark118"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Wǒ xiǎng qù. Tainan wǎn J itiān. I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The basic meaning of the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǎn</span><span class="font9"> is "to play." It is often best translated into English as "to relax," "to enjoy oneself."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Dào Tǎinǎn qù zuò Gōnglùjú bú dà fāngbian.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Would it be all right to take the bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōnglùjú</span><span class="font9">, "the Bureau of Highways" in Taiwan, is the agency which administers the island’s intercity bus system. The phrase </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò Gōnglùjú </span><span class="font9">means "to take a Bureau of Highways bus." This phrasing is analogous to "I’m going by Greyhound." In talking about the buses themselves, you would have to say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōnglùjúde chē</span><span class="font9">, "the buses of the Bureau of Highways":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gōnglùjúde chē hen shūfu. The buses of the Bureau of Highways are very comfortable. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūfu</span><span class="font9">, "to be comfortable")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sentences containing both dào and zuò phrases</span><span class="font9">: The </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font9"> phrase usually comes first in a sentence with both a prepositional phrase expressing destination (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào...</span><span class="font9">) and a prepositional phrase expressing means of conveyance (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò...</span><span class="font9">). However, if the destination is being stressed, the </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào </span><span class="font9">phrase may be placed at the beginning of the sentence, in the topic position. (See the second sentence in exchange 2.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā měitiān zuò gōnggòng He rides the bus to school every</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">qìchē.dào xuexiào lǎi. day.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào yínhǎng qù, tā bú zuò To go to the bank, he doesn’t take gōnggòng qìchē. Tā the bus. He walks there,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu lù qu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú dà</span><span class="font9"> might also be translated as "not too," "not so."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">D: Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Is it better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s better to go by train.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi___hǎishi</span><span class="font9">: In a choice-type question, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎishi</span><span class="font9"> serve to mark</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">off the choices more clearly. Below are some of the most common ways of asking the question "Do you want the red one or the yellow one?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ yǎo hǒngde, hǎishi yào huǎngde? </span><span class="font10" style="font-variant:small-caps;">(preferred</span><span class="font9"> FORMS)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font9"> yào hǒngde, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎishi</span><span class="font9"> yào huǎngde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ yào hǒngde, huǎngde? (FAMILIAR, VERY COLLOQUIAL; NO PAUSE AT COMMA)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font9"> yào hǒngde, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font9"> yào huǎngde? (LEAST PREFERRED; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi </span><span class="font9">UNSTRESSED HERE)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> clarifies the choices in a choice-type question. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ne </span><span class="font9">may be placed after one or the other choice or after both choices.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ jīntiān qù </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9">, hǎishi Are you going today or tomorrow? míngtiān qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni jīntiān qù, hǎishi míngtiān qù </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni jīntiān qù </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9">, shi míngtiān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">qù ne? (COMMUNICATES GENUINE PERPLEXITY)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo</span><span class="font9">: Here a whole phrase, which could also be a sentence is used as the subject of the sentence.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē qù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎo.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(ride train go</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">good)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo</span><span class="font9"> is translated here as "better," not as "good." Adjectival verbs used alone (i.e., not modified by words such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font9">) usually express comparison.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Neige xuěsheng hǎo? Which student is better?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shěi kuài? Who is faster?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. E: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">F: Dào Tainan zuò huǒchē zuì fānghian.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Would you say it ’ s "better to go "by train or to go hy "bus?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To Tainan, it’s most convenient to take the train.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ shuō</span><span class="font9"> begins a question, the phrase is translated as "■would you say" or "do you think."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The adverb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān</span><span class="font9"> may sometimes be translated as "ahead of time," "beforehand."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuì hǎo</span><span class="font9">, "best," acts as an adverb in exchange 5, coming after the subject </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ</span><span class="font9"> in the second sentence. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuì hǎo</span><span class="font9"> is used to offer advice politely, not to warn a person that he had "better" or "best" do something.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liǎngsāntiān</span><span class="font9">: When approximate amounts, such as "two or three," are given in Chinese, the numbers are read together, with no equivalent of "or." This system is also used when two words are combined to indicate an approximate date.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">sìwùge rén four or five people</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">mínghòutiān tomorrow or the day after</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qībāyuè July or August</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liǎngsāntiān yǐqián</span><span class="font9">: For "ahead of time," "in advance," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐqián</span><span class="font9"> is used (instead of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān</span><span class="font9">) when the amount of time is stated. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǐqián</span><span class="font9"> follows the word indicating the amount of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ dei </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān</span><span class="font9"> qù mǎi piào. You have to go </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ahead of time</span><span class="font9"> to buy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tickets.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ děi </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎngsāntiān yǐqián</span><span class="font9"> You have to go </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">two or three days </span><span class="font9">qù mǎi piào. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ahead of time</span><span class="font9"> to buy tickets.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Zuò Gonglùjú yě del xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò Gònglùjú</span><span class="font9">, "if I take the bus": The beginning of the first sentence in exchange 6 is translated with an "if" in English. Literally, the Chinese sentence is "Take the bus, also have to beforehand buy tickets?" In a sense the "if" part of the sentence is a kind of topic in Chinese, providing the setting for the second part of the sentence. In Chinese, the setting or condition can often be put in the topic position. In English, a particular word must be used to clarify the relationship of the first part of the sentence to the second part.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If I take the bus,.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò Gònglùjú</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">When</span><span class="font9"> one takes the bus,...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">For</span><span class="font9"> taking the bus,.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To take the bus,....</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú bì</span><span class="font9">, "not necessary," "don't have to," is the phrase to use as the negative of the auxiliary </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">děi</span><span class="font9">, "must," "have to." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dei</span><span class="font9"> cannot be made negative.*</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What train do you want to take?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I want to take a morning train.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shénme shíhoude chē</span><span class="font9"> has been translated simply as "what train." More literally, the phrase means "a train (arriving at) what time."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">*"Must not" as in "You must not go" can be translated as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù néng</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ bù néng qù</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">8. B: Duìbuqī, shàngwǔde piào dōu I’m sorry, the tickets for the màiwán le. morning trains are all sold out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wan</span><span class="font9">, ”to end," "to he over," cannot take a direct object.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wánle ma? Is it over?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wánle meiyou? Is it over yet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hái méi wan ne. It isn’t over yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">By itself, the expression </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wan le.<a name="footnote10"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark119">10</a></sup></span><span class="font9"> means "That’s all," "There’s no more," or "That’s it.”’ People often end speeches and recordings with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wan le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Màiwán le</span><span class="font9">, "to be sold out," literally "sell finished": Here is another example of a compound verb of result.<sup><a href="#bookmark119">10</a></sup> Compound verbs of result communicate both the action being performed and its result. In compound verbs of result, the first verb indicates the action; and the second, the result. Not every action verb is used in compound verbs of result, nor are verbs indicating the result always predictable.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All examples which have been presented in this and previous modules occur with completion </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-wán</span><span class="font9"> is used as an ending, it indicates finishing, as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wo hai méi shuōwán</span><span class="font9">, "I haven’t finished speaking yet," or depletion, as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">màiwán le</span><span class="font9">, "sold out," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòngwán le</span><span class="font9">, "used up." In English, you might just say "finished," without indicating what you have finished doing. In Chinese, the action which has been finished is usually mentioned.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ chīwán le. I have finished eating.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo huàwán le. I have finished drawing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo kànwán le. I have finished reading.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hái méi shuōwán ne. I have not finished talking yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā hái méi zuòwán ne. He has not finished (doing some</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">thing) yet.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark120"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark121"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Nǐ qu nali?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Tainan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Where are you going?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ qù náli? Xīnzhú</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐ qù náli? Jiāyì</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">It. Nǐ qù náli? Gāoxiōng</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐ qù náli? Huālián</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐ qù náli? Táidōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐ qù náli? Táihei</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zuò Gōnglùjú.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Taínán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Take the "bus.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zuò huǒchē. Jiāyì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zuò zhídáchē. Gāoxiōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zuò jìchengchē. Táidōng</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zuò huǒchē. Huālián</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zuò jìchengchē Jǐlǒng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zuò Gōnglùjú. Táizhōng</span></p></li></ul></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wo xiang qu Tainan wan jitiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng qù Xīnzhú wán jitiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo xiǎng qù Jiāyì wán jitiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng qù Gāoxiōng wán jitiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo xiǎng qù Huālián wán jitiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng qù Táidōng wán jitiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">wǒ xiǎng qù Táiběi wán jitiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Dao Táinán qù zuò Gōnglùjú xíng hu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(To go to Tainan, would it he all right to take the hus?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Jiāyì qù zuò huǒchē xíng hu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Gāoxiōng qù zuò zhídáchē xíng hu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Táidōng qù zuò jìchengchē xíng hu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Huālián qù zuò huǒchē xíng hu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Jīlōng qù zuò jìchengchē xíng hu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Táizhōng qù zuò Gōnglùjú xíng hu xíng?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) kěshi bú da (Would it be all right to take the bus?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Zuò gonggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) zuì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Would it be all right to take the bus?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zuò huochē xíng bu xíng? kēshi bú da</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zuò Gonglùjú xíng bu xíng? zuì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Zuò jìchěngchē xíng bu xíng? zuì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zuò Sānlù chē xíng bu xíng? kēshi bú dà</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zuò Wulù chē xíng bu xíng? zuì</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zuò gonggòng qìchē xíng, kēshi bú dà fāngbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it would be all right to take the bus, but it’s not very convenient.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng, zuì fāngbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it would be all right to take the bus; it’s most convenient.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huochē xíng, kēshi bú dà fāngbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò Gonglùjú xíng, zuì fāngbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò jìchēngchē xíng, zuì fāngbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò Sānlù chē xíng, kēshi bú dà fāngbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò Wǔlù chē xíng, zuì fāngbian.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zuò huochē hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Gonglùjú (is it all right to take the train?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Jǐntiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? míngtiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zuò Gonglùjú hǎo bu hǎo? jìchěngchē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Míngtiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? hòutiān</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zuò huochē hǎo bu hǎo? qìchē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huochē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gonglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō, jǐntiān qù hǎo ne, hǎishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō shi zuò Gonglùjú qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò jìchěngchē qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō, míngtiān qù hǎo ne, hǎishi hòutiān qù hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō shi zuò huochē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò qìchē qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Jīntiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? míngtiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zuò fēijī hǎo bu hǎo? huǒchē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō, jīntiān qù haǒ ne, hǎishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō shi zuò fēijī qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) yes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Děi xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshǐ ma? yes</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Děi xiān zuò Yílù chē ma? no</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Děi xiān dào Xīdān ma? yes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Děi xiān huàn qiǎn ma? no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Děi xiān qù kàn gēge ma? no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Děi xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(It's necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bu bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Děi xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú bì xiān zuò Yílù chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dei xiān dào Xīdān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bu bì xiān huàn qiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú bì xiān qù kàn gēge.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 2 or 3 days</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqiǎn mǎi piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it would be best for you to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(It's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngtiān yǐqiǎn mǎi piào</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">2 days</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dei xiān huàn qián ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U or 5 days</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Dei xiān qù kàn gēge ma? no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Dei xiān kàn zhèibān shū ma? 3 days</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Dei xiān huàn qián ma? no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ zuì hǎo sìwǔtiān yǐqián huàn qián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú bì xiān qù kàn gēge.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ zuì hǎo sāntiān yǐqián kàn zhèibān shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú bì xiān huàn qián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Cr. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) shàngwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(What train do you want to take?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhōngde chē? xiàwǔ 2:10</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐ yào zuò shenme shíhoude chē? wǎnshang</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhongde chē? zǎoshang 9:50</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐ yào zuò shenme shíhoude chē? shàngwǔ</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhōngde chē? shàngwǔ 11:40</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐ yào zuò shenme shíhoude chē? xiàwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wo yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I want to take a morning train.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo yào zuò xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn shífēnde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào zuò wǎnshangde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào zuò zǎoshang jiǔdiǎn wǔshifēnde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔ shíyīdiǎn sìshifēnde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào zuò xiàwǔde chē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Qǐngwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(May I ask, are there still tickets for the morning train?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Qǐngwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Qǐngwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Qǐngwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Qǐngwèn, jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Qǐngwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Qǐngwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(May I ask, are the tickets for the morning trains all sold out?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔae chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐngwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark122"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark123"></a>UNIT 5</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark124"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark125"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Běijīng)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Wǒ yě xiǎng dào Nǎnjīng qù kànkan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nī jìhua něitiān qù?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kǎyi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Shanghai lí Nǎnjīng you duo yuan?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: You liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōnglī.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge hàn xiǎoshí.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiǎoshí.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. B: Nī jìhua zài Nǎnjīng zhù jitiān?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Zhài shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nǎnjīng qù. Yīqiǎn mǎi qùguo. Nī shuō liǎngtiān gòu bu gou?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Liǎngtiān gòu le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Měitiān you jītàng chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Xiàwù you meiyou chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ xīwang xiàwù líkāi zhèr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7.<a name="footnote11"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark126">11</a></sup> B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yìbān tèkuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font10" style="font-variant:small-caps;">8ì<a name="footnote12"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark127">12</a></sup>B:</span><span class="font9"> Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would also like to go to Nǎnjīng to look around.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What day do you plan to go?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s over 250 kilometers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How long does it take to go by train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It probably takes four and a half hours.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It takes half an hour.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How many days do you plan to stay in Nǎnjīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This will be the first time I have gone to Nǎnjīng. I haven’t gone there before. Would you say two days are enough?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Two days are enough.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How many trips are there each day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Are there trains in the afternoon?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I hope to leave here in the afternoon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There’s an express at 1305.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There’s an express at 1305.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. dǎsuan</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. huòzhě (huòzhe)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. yǐhòu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. zhōngtóu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">to plan to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">or (alternate form of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huòshi</span><span class="font9">) afterwards, later on, in the future hour (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎoshí)</span></p>
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-4.png" alt="" style="width:454pt;height:320pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Gate at Shenzhen, where people get off the train from Hong Kong, walk across a bridge into China (through the gate in photo), and board a train for Guangzhou. Most of the people in the picture are Hong Kong residents on their way to visit relatives in Guangzhou.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark30"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark128"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">"ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">half (followed hy a counter or a noun which does not take a counter)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-Cl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">occasion, time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">dàgài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">probably, approximately</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">dǎsuàn (dǎsuan)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to plan to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìyícì (dìyīcì)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">the first time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">-duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">over, more than</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">gōnglǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">kilometer</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">gòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to he enough</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">huòshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">or</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huò zhe (huò zhe)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">or</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">J ìhua</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to plan to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">kànkan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to see, to look around, to sight-see,</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to visit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">líkāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to leave</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">-tang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(counter for hus trips, train trips,</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tèkuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">express train</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiǎoshí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">hour</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xīwàng (xīwang)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to hope</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">must, to have to; to take (a certain</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">amount of time)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yǐhòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">afterwards, later on; in the future</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yǐqián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">before, in the past</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhōngtou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">hour</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">(introduced, on C-2 tape)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">hiéde dìfang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">other places (cf. hiérén, "other</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">cānguān duōshao hào gōngchǎng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">juédìng yìshuāng pixie</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">yòu hǎo you pianyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">people")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to visit as an observer what size (shoe) factory to decide</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">a pair of leather shoes both good and inexpensive</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark129"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark130"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Wǒ yě xiǎng dào Nǎnjīng qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would also like to go to Nǎnjīng to look around.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What day do you plan to go?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tomorrow and (or) the day after are hoth possible.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kànkan</span><span class="font9">, "to have a look": In exchange 1, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànkan</span><span class="font9"> refers to doing some sight-seeing. The reduplicated verb form implies an indefinite amount of sight-seeing, best translated into English as "to have a look," "to look around."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huòshi</span><span class="font9"> (alternate, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huòzhě</span><span class="font9">) is used acceptable or possible.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ qù mǎi yìdiǎnr píjiǔ huòshi mǎi yìdiǎnr qìshuǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā míngtiān huòshi hòutiān lǎi kàn nǐ ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎishi</span><span class="font9"> is used for "or" when a choice</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ mǎi píjiǔ hǎishi mǎi qìshuǐ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni xǐhuan dàde hǎishi xihuan xiǎode?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">for "or" when both alternatives are</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I will go to buy some beer or some soft drinks.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is he coming to see you tomorrow or the day after? (i.e., sometime during the next two days)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">is required between the alternatives</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Are you buying beer or (are you buying) soft drinks?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Do you like the large one or (do you like) the small one?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duo yuǎn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You liǎngbǎi wǔshiduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s over 250 kilometers.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǒu</span><span class="font9"> is used in expressing the</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yǒu duō yuǎn? </span><span class="font9">distance between two points.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shanghai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nánj īng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yuan?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(Shanghai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">be separated from</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nánj īng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">there is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">how much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">distance?)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"How far is Shanghai from Nanjing?”</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tiānjīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Běijīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">120 gōnglǐ.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(Tiānjīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">be separated from</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Běij īng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">there is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">120 kilometers.)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">’’Tianjin is 120 kilometers from Beijing."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liǎngbǎi wǔshiduō gōnglǐ</span><span class="font9">: adding -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9"> to number phrases, before the counter,<a name="footnote13"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark131">13</a></sup> -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9"> refers to range of the round number.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">liǎngbǎiduō gōnglǐ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">yìqiānduōge xuésheng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">sānshiduōkuài qián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Beginning with 20, -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9"> may be used in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">With round numbers from 20 through 90 èrshiduōge ren èrshijǐge ren sìshiduō gōnglǐ sìshijǐ gōnglǐ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">With the number 10, only -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jǐ</span><span class="font9"> is used shíjīkuài qián</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Approximate numbers may be expressed by When added immediately after a number, an indefinite amount within the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">more than 200 kilometers (but fewer than 300)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">more than 1,000 students (but fewer than 2,000)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">more than 30 dollars (but fewer than Uo)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">this way with any round number.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">-</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jǐ</span><span class="font9"> may be used instead of -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">more than 20 persons (but fewer than 30)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">more than Uo kilometers (but fewer than 50)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">never -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">more than 10 dollars (but fewer than 20)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge bàn xiǎoshí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiǎoshí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How long does it take to go by train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It probably takes four and a half hours.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It takes half an hour.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 3-^</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">The auxiliary verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font9">, "to want,” "to have to." (See the first sentence</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">is sometimes used as "to need to,"</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">in exchange 3.)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">duōshao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shíhou?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(ride</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">train</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">have to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">go</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">how much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">time?)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">"How long does it take to go by train?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yào</span><span class="font9"> may also be used as a main verb meaning "to take Ea certain amount of timei":</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huoche</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">duōshǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shíhou?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(ride</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">train</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">takes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">how much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">time?)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"How long does it take by train?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bàn</span><span class="font9">-, "a half (of)," is used like a number—before a counter or before a noun which does not require a counter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bànge xiǎoshí half an hour</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bànniǎn half a year</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bànge píngguǒ half an apple</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sìge bàn</span><span class="font9">: When </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bàn</span><span class="font9"> FOLLOWS a counter or a noun not requiring a counter, the word is translated as "and a half."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">liǎngkuài bàn sāntiān bàn yíge bàn xiǎoshí</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">two and a half dollars three and a half days one and a half hours</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎoshí</span><span class="font9">: Formerly, the Chinese considered that one day and night (2U hours) was divided into twelve 2-hour periods of time. Each of these time periods was divided into two </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎoshí</span><span class="font9">, "small hours," when telling time by the Western 2U-hour system gained popularity throughout the world.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. B: Nǐ jìhua zài Nanjing zhù jǐtiān?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐqián mei qùguo. Nǐ shuō liǎngtiān gòu hu gou?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Liǎngtiān gòu le.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">How many days do you plan to stay in Nánjīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This will he the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven't gone there before. Would you say two days are enough?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Two days are enough.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gòu le</span><span class="font9">: The last sentence in exchange 5 ends with the new-situation marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9">. This marker is used to describe what a situation is, was, or will be AT A SPECIFIED TIME. The travel agent says that, when the visit has lasted two days, THEN it will be long enough.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Měitiān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zher.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">How many trains are there each day? Are there trains in the afternoon? I hope to leave here in the afternoon.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jǐtàng</span><span class="font9">: The counter -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tàng</span><span class="font9"> is used when the trip mentioned is not a particular one, scheduled at a certain time. Similarly, it can also be used to talk about the number of trips a person has made, or will make.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Líkāi</span><span class="font9">, "to leave," may be followed by an object (the place). On the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">other hand, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǒu</span><span class="font9">, "to leave," is never followed by an object.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni shénme shíhou líkāi zhèr? When are you leaving here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shénme shíhou zǒu? When are you leaving?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yìbān tèkuài.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">There’s an express at 1305-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There’s an express at 1305.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">8. B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 7-8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn</span><span class="font9">: For train and bus schedules, a 2k-hour clock is commonly used in China, beginning with 1 a.m. and continuing to midnight , or 2k00.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">12-hour clock</span></p></td><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">2U-hour clock</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǎoshàng shídiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">a.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shídiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">1000</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiàwǔ yìdiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">p.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shísāndiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">1300</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiàwǔ wǔdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">p.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shìqídiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">1700</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">wǎnshàng shídiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">p.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">èrshièrdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">2200</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ling</span><span class="font9"> is included to indicate the zero in "1305."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tèkuài</span><span class="font9"> is an abbreviation for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tèbié kuàichē</span><span class="font9">, ’’special express train."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìbān</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yítàng</span><span class="font9">, counters for trips made by trains, buses, planes, and other conveyances, are sometimes interchangeable.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark132"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark133"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wo dǎsuan dào Nánjīng qù kànkan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) něitiān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’m planning to go to Nánjīng to look around.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ xiǎng dào Xīān qù kànkan. jīyuè</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ jìhua dào Hubei qù kànkan. xīngqījǐ</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wo dǎsuan dào Shànghǎi qù kànkan. jīhào</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ jìhua dào Sūzhǒu qù kànkan. jīyuè</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ xiǎng dào Běijīng qù kànkan. něitiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ dǎsuan dào Wǔchāng qù kànkan. xīngqījǐ</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Nī dǎsuan něitiān qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What day do you plan to go?)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī xiǎng jīyuè qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ jìhua xīngqījǐ qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī dǎsuan jīhào qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī jìhua jīyuè qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī xiǎng něitiān qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī dǎsuan xīngqījǐ qù?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nī dǎsuan shenme shíhou dào Nánjīng qù? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) xiàge yuè</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(When are you planning to go to Nánjīng?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nī jìhua jīyuè dào Shànghǎi qù? Liùyuè</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nī xiǎng něitiān dào Guǎngzhōu qù? hòutiān</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wo dǎsuan xiàge yuè dào Nánjīng qu kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’m planning to go to see Nánjīng next month.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ jìhua Liùyuè dào Shànghǎi qu kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng hòutiān dào Guǎngzhōu qu kànkan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ dǎsuan něinián dào Zhōngguo qù? míngnián</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐ jìhua jǐyuè dào Xianggang qù? Èryuè</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐ xiǎng xīngqījǐ dào Bǎijīng qù? Xīngqīsān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐ dǎsuan jǐdiǎn zhōng dào tā nàr qù? sāndiān zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ dasuan míngnián dào Zhōngguo qu kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ jìhua Èryuè dào Xianggang qu kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng Xīngqīsān dào Bǎijīng qu kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo dǎsuan sāndiǎn zhōng dào tā nèr qu kànkan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ jìhua nǎitiān qù?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Xīngqīèr (What day do you plan to go?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ jìhua nǎitiān qù? wùhào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐ xiǎng jǐyuè qù? Wùyuè</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ xiǎng nǎiniǎn qù? 1977</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Ni dǎsuan shénme shíhou qù? xiàyuè sìhào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐ dǎsuan jǐdiǎn zhōng qù? shàngwù shídiǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐ jìhua jīhào qù? èrshiqī</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Xīngqīèr huòzhǎ Xīngqīsān, dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Tuesday and CorJ Wednesday are both possible.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wùhào huòzhǎ liùhào, dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wùyuè huòzhǎ Liùyuè, dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yījiùqīqī huòzhǎ Yījiùqībā, dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xiàyuè sìhào huòzhǎ xiàyuè wùhào, dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shàngwù shídiǎn huòzhǎ shàngwù shíyīdiǎn, dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Èrshiqíhào huòzhǎ Èrshibǎhào, dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yuǎn ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) duo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(is Shànghǎi far from Nǎnjīng?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yuǎn ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) duōshao (is Shànghǎi far from</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎnj īng?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Beijing lí Tiānjīn yuǎn ma? duō</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Bǎijīng lí Shànghǎi yuǎn ma? duōshao</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Nǎnjīng lí Bǎijīng yuǎn ma? duōshao</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Guǎngzhōu lí Wuhàn yuǎn ma? duō</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Shànghǎi lí Hǎngzhōu yuǎn ma? duōshao</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duō yuǎn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duōshao gōnglǐ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How many kilometers is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bǎijīng lí Tiānjīn you duō yuǎn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bǎij īng lí Shànghǎi you duōshao gōnglǐ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎnjīng lí Bǎijīng you duōshao gōnglǐ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Guǎngzhōu lí Wuhàn you duō yuǎn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shànghǎi lí Hǎngzhōu you duōshao gōnglǐ?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duō yuǎn?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) dàgài 270</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnj īng?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tiānjīn lí Bǎijīng you duō yuǎn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 80duō (How far is Tiānjīn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">from Bǎijīng?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Bǎijīng lí Hǎngzhōu you duō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">yuǎn? 900duō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Dàgài yǒu èrbǎiqīshí gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it’s prohahly 270 kilometers.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dàgài lí Bǎijīng you bāshíduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it’s probably more than 80 kilometers.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dàgài lí Hǎngzhōu you jiubǎiduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3, Beijing lí Shanghai you duo yuan? dàgài 800</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nanjing lí Shanghai you duo</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">yuan? dàgài 200</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǔhàn lí Beijing you duo yuan?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">TOOduō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Hangzhou lí Shànghǎi you duō yuan? ITOduō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dàgài you hàbǎi gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dàgài you èrbǎi gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dàgài lí Beijing you qībǎiduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dàgài lí Shànghǎi you yībǎiqīshíduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you sǎnbǎi gōnglǐ.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) mǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Nǎnjīng.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you sǎnbǎi gōnglǐ. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) dàgài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Beijing.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you sǎnbǎi gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) duō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Beijing.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Beijing lí Shànghǎi you yìqiǎn gōnglǐ. mei</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wuhàn lí Beijing you bǎbǎi gōnglǐ. dàgài</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Nǎnjīng lí Shànghǎi you èrbǎi gōnglǐ. duō</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Hǎngzhōu lí Shànghǎi you yìbǎi gōnglǐ. duō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng meiyou sǎnbǎi gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Shànghǎi isn’t Cis less than!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">300 kilometers from Nǎnjīng.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng dàgài you sǎnbǎi gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Shànghǎi is probably 300 kilometers from Beijing.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you sǎnbǎiduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Shànghǎi is more than 300 kilometers from Beijing.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Beijing lí Shànghǎi meiyou yìqiǎn gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǔhàn lí Beijing dàgài you bǎbǎi gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎnjīng lí Shànghǎi you èrbǎiduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎngzhōu lí Shànghǎi you yìbǎiduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duǒ jiǔ? zhōngtǒu? (How long does it take by train?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) duǒ Jiu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How many hours does it</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">take by train?)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">duǒ jiǔ?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu duōshao shíhou?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu shíhou? jǐtiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">duōshao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu Jǐtiān?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu Jǐge xīngqī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jǐtiān?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu jǐge xīngqī?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu Jǐge xiǎoshí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jǐge xīngqī?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu jǐge xiǎoshí?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huochē yào zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">jǐge xiǎoshí?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu duōshao tiān?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">duōshao tiān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao tiān?</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span></p></td><td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">:</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">: Yào zǒu bànge zhōngtǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it takes half an hour.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào zǒu yíge bàn zhōngtǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it takes an hour and a half.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">OR</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào zǒu bàntiān. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(It takes half a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">day.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào zǒu sāntiān bàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it takes three and a half days.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bànge yuè.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu liǎngge bàn yuè.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bànge xīngqī.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu yíge bàn xīngqī.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bànniān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu yìniān bàn.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bànge zhōngtǒu.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">u</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu sìge bàn zhōngtǒu.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">bànge yuè.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu yíge bàn yuè.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">I. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) yǐhòu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) yǐqián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zhèi shi tā dìyīcì xué Zhōngguo huà. yǐhòu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zhèi shi tā dìyīcì chī Zhōngguo fàn. yǐqián</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. yǐhòu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. yǐqián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Meiguo qù. yǐqián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐhòu hái yào qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Later on I want to go again.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐqián mei qùguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone there before.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi tā dìyīcì xué Zhōngguo huà. Yǐhòu hái yào xue.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi tā dìyīcì chī Zhōngguo fàn. Yǐqián mei chīguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. Yǐhòu hái yào lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. Yǐqián měi láiguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Meiguo qù. Yǐqián mei qùguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">J. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ shuō lái liangtiān gòu bu gou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Would you say it would be enough to come for two days?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ shuō qù liangtiān gòu bu gou?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐ shuō xué liǎngniánde Zhōngwén gòu bu gou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Nī shuō zhù sānge yuè gòu bu gou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Lái liangtiān gòu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it would be enough to come for two days.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qù liǎngtiān gòu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xué liǎngniánde Zhōngwén gòu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhù sānge yuè gòu le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐ shuō niàn jiūge xīngqī gòu Niàn jiǔge xīngqī gòu le. bu gou?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐ shuō dào nèr qù wánr shitian Wánr shítiān gòu le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">gòu bu gou?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐ shuō zǒu yíge zhōngtōu gòu Zou yíge zhōngtou gòu le. bu gou?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">K. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Xiàwǔ you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(l hope to leave here in the afternoon.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ xīwang wǎnshang líkāi zhèr. Wānshang you jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīsān líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīsān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ xīwang míngtiān líkāi zhèr. Míngtiān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ xīwang jīntiān shàngwǔ líkāi zhèr. Shàngwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīwǔ you jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I hope to leave here in the afternoon. How many trains are there in the afternoon?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xīwang wānshang líkāi zhèr. Wānshang you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīsān líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīsān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xīwang míngtiān líkāi zhèr. Míngtiān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xīwang jīntiān shàngwǔ líkāi zhèr Shàngwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīwǔ you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h4><a name="bookmark134"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark135"></a>UNIT 6</span></h4>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark136"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark137"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Beijing)</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Jǐdiān zhōng kāi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Shíhādiān wǔshiwùfēn fā chē.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nà hǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Qǐng ni ha nǐde hùzhào he luxíngzhèng gěi wo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo, gěi ni.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntǎi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zài dìyǐ zhàntǎi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. B: Bu yòng jí. Hai zǎo ne.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nī xiān zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Wo zhèijiàn xíngli zǎnme hàn? Shì bu shi kěyi nǎshang chē qu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Kěyi bǎ xíngli nǎshang chē qu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Zhèibān chē yǒu cānchē ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Yǒu. Yǒu Zhōngcān, yǎ yǒu Xīcān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎojíle.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. C: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Shànghǎi le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Kuài yào dào zhàn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Nín zhǔnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What time does it leave?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It departs at 1855.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please give me your passport and travel permit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay, here it is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s on Platform Number 1.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No need to be anxious. It’s still early.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">First, rest a bit in this waiting room.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You may take the suitcase onto the train.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This train has a dining car, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Great.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The next station is Shànghǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We are about to arrive at the station.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please get ready to get off the train.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to move</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">náshangqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to take up</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">náshanglai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to bring up</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">náxiaqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to take down</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">náxialai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to bring down</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">pǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to run</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be late</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yuètái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">train platform (alternate word for</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàntái</span><span class="font9">, more common in Taiwan)</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark24"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark138"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bān bàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to move (e.g., furniture) (new house to handle, to manage, to do</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">cānchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dining car</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fā chē-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to depart (from the first terminal of a train route)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎojíle he hùzhào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be wonderful, to be great and</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">passport</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jí jiēdàishì (jiēdàishì) -jíle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be anxious waiting room extremely, awfully</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kāi kuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to leave soon</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">luxíngzhèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">travel permit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">nā nǎshanglai náshangqu nǎxialai náxiaqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to pick up, to hold, to take</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to bring up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to take up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to bring down</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to take down</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">pǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to run</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be late</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Xǐcān xiūxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Western food to rest, to relax</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào yuètái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">will, going to train platform</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǎo zhàntái Zhōngcān zhǔnbèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be early</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">train platform Chinese food to prepare, to get ready</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced, on C-2 tape</span><span class="font9">) bang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"bu yào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">láilai wǎngwǎng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">qǐdiǎnzhàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">shūfu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to help</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">don’t</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">coming and going</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">station where a train originates (literally, ’’starting station”)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be comfortable</span></p>
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-5.png" alt="" style="width:456pt;height:263pt;">
- <p><span class="font9">Train from Guangzhou at the entrance to China</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <h5><a name="bookmark25"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark139"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Jǐdiān zhōng kāi? What time does it leave?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Shíhādiān wǔshiwùfēn fā chē. It departs at 1855.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nà hāo. That’s fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kāi</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fā chē</span><span class="font9">: When referring to trains, the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi</span><span class="font9">, "t$> start," means "to start off" or "to leave." The technical term </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fā chē,</span><span class="font9"> "to send out the train," is used in reference to a train which is departing from the terminal at the beginning of a trip, or line.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Qǐng ni bā nǐde hùzhào he luxíngzhèng gěi wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hāo, gěi ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please give me your passport and travel permit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay, here it is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">,</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hē</span><span class="font9">, "and," is a common alternate to </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9">. Both </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">he</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9"> are used as "and" between nouns.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bā nǐde hùzhào...</span><span class="font9">: The prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā</span><span class="font9"> points out the direct objects (passport and travel permit) and brings those objects to the beginning of the sentence, preceding the main verb. Without this construction, a "traffic jam" of sentence elements would follow that verb.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntǎi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zài dìyǐ zhàntǎi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s on Platform Number 1.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">4. B: Bú yòng Jí. Hái zāo ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nǐ xiān zài zhèige Jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">No need to he anxious. It's still early.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">First, rest a hit in this waiting room.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In exchange U, the aspect marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> emphasizes that there has been no change in the situation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài zhèr ne. He is here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When the adverh </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hái</span><span class="font9">, "still," "yet," is used, the sentence very often ends with the marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān wo hái hù zǒu ne. I am not leaving tomorrow (yet), (i.e. , I will still he here tomorrow.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Verh reduplication</span><span class="font9">: In Unit 3 of the Money Module, you learned that reduplication is one way to indicate ASPECT, although markers are more common. INDEFINITENESS is the aspect expressed when an action verh is reduplicated. The speaker does not commit himself to the duration or extent of the action.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In the last sentence of No. U, the speaker asks the listener to "rest a hit." Instead of using additional words to indicate a short duration, the speaker reduplicates the verh, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiūxi</span><span class="font9">, expressing some duration, hut of no particular limit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To reduplicate a two-syllahle verh, simply repeat the whole verh. The repetition is unstressed, or even toneless: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiūxixiuxi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiān</span><span class="font9">: Since this use of "first" is not followed hy an explicit "afterwards," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān</span><span class="font9"> might also he translated as "for the time heing" or "right now."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān zǒu le, nǐmen mànmānr Right now I’m going to excuse chī ha. myself; you take your time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">eating.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ xiān hie jí, mànmānr zhāo. For the time heing, don’t he anxious; take your time looking for it.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme ban? Shì bu shi kéyi nashang chē qu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Kéyi ba xíngli nashang chē qu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What do I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You may take the suitcase onto the train.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme ban</span><span class="font9"> means something like "how should [ something!) be managed" or "what should be done [about something!]."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nashang chē qu</span><span class="font9">, "take onto the train," is a COMPOUND VERB OF DIRECTION which has been separated by a noun object. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ná</span><span class="font9"> is the verb "to pick up," "to hold," "to take," "to bring." The directional endings -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng</span><span class="font9">, "up," "onto,"* and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù,</span><span class="font9"> "to go," tell you that .the action takes place up and away from the speaker.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ná</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qu</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(hold</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">up/onto</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">away)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"to take up/onto"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Compound verbs of direction are easily formed, as shown in the chart below. The first column contains action verbs you have learned which may be used. The endings in the middle column are relatively few. For the second part of the directional ending, only </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font9"> and qù may be used.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">ACTION</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">plus</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">DIRECTION</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">ná (to carry)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">-shàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(up)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">lái (towards)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu (to walk/go)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">-xià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(down)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù (away)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">ban (to move)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">-chū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(out)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">pǎo (to run)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">-jin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(in)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">kāi (to drive)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">-huí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(back)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">(AND OTHERS)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Compound verbs of direction may be two or three syllables: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chūqu</span><span class="font9">, "to go</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">out"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǒuchuqu</span><span class="font9">, "to walk out"</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">*You have seen </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng</span><span class="font9"> used as several different parts of speech:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shàng lóu shàng chē shàngbianr shàngge yuè zài chēshang náshangqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to go up (<sub>FULL VERB</sub>)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to get on</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">upper, above (IN PLACE WORDS)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">last, previously (SPECIFIER)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">on (LOCATIONAL ENDING [with nouns!])</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">up, onto (DIRECTIONAL ENDING [with verbs!])</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">It is possible to split up a two-part directional ending by placing an object or location before the final </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">náshang chē qu take onto the train/bus</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">náchu yìběn shū lai bring out a book</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">xià lóu qu go downstairs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A direct object (such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèiběn shū</span><span class="font9">) may be placed EITHER at the beginning of a sentence, using </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9">, OR later in the sentence, splitting up the directional ending. Locations which are the goal of the action (such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chē </span><span class="font9">and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lou</span><span class="font9"> above) MUST be placed between the two parts of the directional ending.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ xíngli náshang chē qu</span><span class="font9">: In the last sentence of exchange 5<sub>5</sub> the direct object, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font9">, is placed before the verb. The location of the action, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chē</span><span class="font9">, is placed before the final </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qu</span><span class="font9">. When both a location and a direct object occur in a sentence with a multisyllabic directional verb, the location is placed between the two syllables of the directional ending, and the direct object is moved closer to the beginning of the sentence.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Zhèibān che you cānche ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎojíle.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">This train has a dining car, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Great.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The ending -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jíle</span><span class="font9">, meaning "extremely,” ’’awfully," may be added to adjectival verbs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige píngguo dàjíle. That apple is huge.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huochē fāngbianjíle. Riding the train is extremely</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">convenient.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zǒude kuàijíle. He walks awfully fast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">-</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jíle</span><span class="font9"> is seldom used in Taiwan.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">7. C: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Kuài yào dào zhàn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Nín zhǔnbèi xià chē ha.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">The next station is Shànghǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We are about to arrive at the station.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please get ready to get off the train.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kuài</span><span class="font9"> means "soon" in the second sentence of exchange 7- You have already learned another meaning for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài</span><span class="font9">: "to be fast"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In the sentence </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kuài yào dào zhàn le</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font9"> is an auxiliary verb meaning "■will" or "to be going to." Other meanings you have learned for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font9"> are "to want," "to need," "to have to," "to require."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">New-situation le</span><span class="font9">: The aspect marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> for new situations occurs in the first two sentences of No. 7- In </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le</span><span class="font9">, the speaker uses </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> to communicate a change in the circumstances: after passing through many stations, Shànghǎi will finally be the next station.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When a speaker uses le, he is saying that something has changed in reference to him or in reference to the listener. In the first sentence in No. 7, Shànghǎi itself has not changed, but what constitutes the "next station" for the speaker and the listener has changed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kuài yào dào zhàn le</span><span class="font9">, new-situation </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> marks a change which is about to take place—their arrival. Here are examples of references to future changes:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā míngniān jiù shísuì le. He will be ten (years old) next year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zǒu le. I’m leaving now. (I’ll be leaving</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">now.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Piào kuài yào màiwán le. The tickets will soon be sold out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Many speakers of English have trouble with new-situation </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> because they would not think of using it when the Chinese do. Take note of situations which the Chinese consider to be changes, and try to use new-situation le in your speech.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark140"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark141"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) huochē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(What time does it leave?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? gōnglùjúde chē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? gōnggòng qìchē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? zhídáchē</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? tèkuài</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi men?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">yínhāng</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi mán? yōuzhèngjú</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Nèihān huochē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? (What time does that train leave?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèihān gōnglùjúde chē Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèihān gōnggòng qìchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèihān zhídǎchē Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèihān tèkuài Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige yínhāng jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi mán?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige yōuzhèngjú jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi men?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zuò sìdiǎn zhōngde chē, láidejí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Can we make the four o’clock train?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Zuò sìdiǎn zhōngde chē, láidejí ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) yes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Can we make the four o’clock train?)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Láihují, yǐjīng wǎn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We can’t make it; we are already late.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Láidejí, hái zǎo ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Don’t worry. It’s still early.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zuò jiǔdiǎn èrshifēnde chē, Láihují, yǐjīng wǎn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">láidejí ma? no</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zuò shídiǎn wǔshifēnde chē, Láidejí, hái zǎo ne.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">láidejí ma? yes</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zuò qīdiǎn wùshifēnde chē, láidejí ma? no</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Laibují, yǐjīng wan le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zuò sìdiǎn língwǔfēnde chē, Laidejí, hái zǎo ne.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">laidejí ma? yes</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zuò liǎngdiǎn língbāfēnde chē, Laibují, yǐjīng wan le. laidejí ma? no</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(On which platform is the</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">(On which</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zài dìjǐ zhàntái?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Shànghǎi platform is</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">it?)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">train to Shànghǎi?)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìsān zhàntái.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">NánJ īng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dào NánJīng qùde chē zài dìsān zhàntái.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìjǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhàntái?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Guǎngzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Guǎngzhōu qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhàntái.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">TiǎnJ īn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Tiānjīn qùde chē zài dìèr zhàntái.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìjǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhàntái?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qīngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Qīngdǎo qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìyī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhàntái.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hángzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Hángzhōu qùde chē zài dìyī zhàntái.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">dìjǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhàntái?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bǎijīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dào Bǎijīng qùde chē zài dìjǐ</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">zhàntái?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">D. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Duìbuqī, wǒ dei zài zhèr xiūxixiuxi. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) zhèige dìfang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Excuse me, I must rest here a moment.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài zhèige dìfang xiūxixiuxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Excuse me, I must rest at this place a moment.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Duìbuqǐ, wo del zài zhèige dìfang xiūxixiuxi. jiālǐ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài jiāli xiūxixiuxi. fàndiànli</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài fàndiànli xiūxixiuxi. chēli</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài jiāli xiūxi xiuxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài fàndiànli xiūxixiuxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài chēli xiūxi' xiuxi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài chēli xiūxixiuxi. jiēdàishì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài Jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi. zhèr</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài Jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài zhèr xiūxi' xiuxi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài zhèr xiūxixiuxi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Repeat the speaker’s statements and add </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme bàn?</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme zǒu?</span><span class="font9"> as appropriate.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wo zheiJian xingli hai zài zhèr.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(This suitcase of mine is still here.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tā yào dào nàr qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He wants to go there.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ zhèixiē dōngxi hái zài zhèr.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā yào dào Wangfǔjǐng Dàjiē qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǒ nèixiē xíngli hái zài chēshang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā yào dào Shànghǎi qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ zhèixiē zázhì hái mei màiwán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wo zheiJian xingli hai zai zhèr. Zěnme bàn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(This suitcase of mine is still here. What should I do about it?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā yào dào nàr qù. Zěnme zǒu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He wants to go there. How</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">do I get there Ego3?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zhèixiē dōngxi hái zài zhèr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zěnme bàn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā yào dào Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zěnme zǒu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ nèixiē xíngli hái zài chēshang. Zěnme bàn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā yào dào Shànghǎi qù. Zěnme zǒu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zhèixiē zázhì hái mei màiwán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zěnme bàn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Tāmen you Zhōngcān haishi Xīcān? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) yě</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Do they have Chinese food or Western food?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tāmen yào zhèige haishi nèige?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) dōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Do they want this or that?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nīmen mǎi zhuōzi hǎishi yīzi? yě</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nīmen mǎi pǎnzi hǎishi wǎn? dōu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tāmen mǎi zhèige hōngde hǎishi nèige lǎnde? dōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tāmen kàn zhèixiē zǎzhì hǎishi nèixiē bào? ye</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nī niàn jīngjixuě hǎishi zhèngzhixue? ye</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tāmen you Zhōngcān, ye you Xīcān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(They have Chinese food and they also have Western food.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèige, nèige, tāmen dōu yào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(They want both this and that.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women mǎi zhuōzi, yǎ mǎi yīzi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Pǎnzi, wǎn, women dōu mǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hongde, lǎnde, tāmen dōu mǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen kàn zhèixiē zǎzhì, yě kàn nèixiē bào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ niàn jīngjixuě, yě niàn zhèngzhixue.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">G.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Kuài yào dào zhàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(We are about to arrive at the station.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Běijīng le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Kuài yào dào Tiānjīn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Nǎnjīng le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Kuài yào dào zhàn le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(We are about to arrive at the station. Let’s get ready to get off.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Běijīng le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Kuài yào dào Tiānjīn le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Nǎnjīng le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Kuài yào dào Hangzhōu le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Kuài yào dào Guǎngzhōu le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Tā keyi náshànglāi ma? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) chē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Can he bring it?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā kéyi nāxiàlāi ma? lōu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā keyi nāshàngqù ma? huǒchē</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā keyi náshànglāi ma? lōu</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā keyi náxiàqù ma? chē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā keyi nāxiàlāi ma? huǒchē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā keyi nāshàngqù ma? lōu</span></p></li></ul></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Kuài yào dào Hangzhōu le. Women zhùhbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Kuài yào dào Guǎngzhōu le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā keyi nāshàng chē lāi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Can he bring it in the car?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā keyi nāxià lōu lāi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā kéyi nāshàng huǒchē qù ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā kéyi nāshàng lōu lái ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā kéyi nāxià chē qù ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā kéyi nāxià huǒchē lái ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā kéyi nāshàng lōu qù ma?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h4><a name="bookmark142"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark143"></a>UNIT 7</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark144"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark145"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Beijing)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Lao Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Bù zenme máng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ you shi ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Wo Sìyue Shisìhào yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù. Qǐng ni gěi wo ding yìzhǎng fēiji piào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Piào dìnghǎo le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Neihān fēiji? Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Jiǔdiǎn shíwǔfēn qǐfēi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">L. A: Zhèihān fēiji zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Shi, zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Cong Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Yào sishifēn zhōng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Ruguo wǒ hādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, lāidejí ha?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Lāidejí.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Qǐng ni míngtiān zǎoshang pài ge chē lāi jiē wo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo. Wǒ míngtiān hādiǎn zhōng pài chē song ni dào fēijīchǎng qu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Song, how are things going?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Are you busy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not especially husy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can I do something for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m going to Guǎngzhōu on April 1U. Please reserve a plane ticket for me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sure.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The ticket has heen reserved.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Which flight? What time does it take off?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It takes off at 9:15.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, it flies directly to Guǎngzhōu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It takes forty minutes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please send a car to pick me up tomorrow morning.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay. I’ll send a car at eight o’clock tomorrow to take you to the airport.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED (not presented, on C-</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. -hǎo le</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. luguan</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. shuōhǎo le</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. xiǎnghǎo le</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. yàoshi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. zuòhǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">VOCABULARY</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">•1 and. P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to he satisfactorily completed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hotel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">if (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rúguǒ</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark34"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark146"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bù zěnme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">not especially, not particularly</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ding dìnghǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to reserve</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have (been) reserved</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fěi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">fēijī fēijīchǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to fly airplane airport</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Guangzhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(name of a city in the PRC—Canton)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-hǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be satisfactorily completed</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to meet/pick up/get (someone)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lǎo luguan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be old in years hotel</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be busy</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">pài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to send/assign (a person to do something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qǐfēi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to take off (airplane)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">rúguǒ (rúguǒ)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">if</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Sānlǐtún</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(a district in Běijīng where many Foreign diplomats and Chinese people from other countries live)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuōhǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiǎnghǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yàoshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">if</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zuòhǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">directly</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have finished doing (something);</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(something) has been finished</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">chū chāi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">chùzhǎng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gǎribushàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hái hǎo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kāi huì</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">to go on a business trip</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">division chief</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">won’t be able to catch (a plane, train, etc.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">fairly good/well</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to attend a meeting/conference</span></p>
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-6.png" alt="" style="width:455pt;height:266pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Shanghai-made jeep and other vehicles in a parking lot outside the train station in Guǎngzhōu</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark35"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark147"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Lao Sòng, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Bu zenme máng. Nǐ you shi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Song, how are things going? Are you "busy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not especially Busy. Can I do something for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The greeting </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zěnmeyàng</span><span class="font9"> is more informal than </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ hǎo a</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnmeyàng</span><span class="font9"> is used only if the two people already know each other.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ne?</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ma?</span><span class="font9"> are translated into English as ’’Are you busy?" However, the two Chinese questions are not interchangeable. When a speaker asks the question </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ma?</span><span class="font9"> he really wants to find out whether someone is busy. On the other hand, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ne?</span><span class="font9"> is an example of the Chinese custom of greeting a person by stating the obvious. The speaker is simply acknowledging the fact that the listener is busy. The question mark following </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Máng ne?</span><span class="font9"> shows that the speaker is inviting the listener to comment. You might think of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Máng ne?</span><span class="font9"> as something like the English "Well, it looks like you are working hard," which invites a response like "Sure am" or "Oh, I’m really not doing much of anything."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ne</span><span class="font9"> may be used in many sentences to comment on what the person being addressed is doing at the moment:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Chī fàn ne? Having dinner, I see?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài zhèr ne? Well, you’re here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Mǎi dōngxi ne? Doing some shopping, eh?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">These sentences are almost greetings in themselves.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The overall intonation of the question </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Máng ma?</span><span class="font9"> is higher than that of a statement. The intonation of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Máng ne?</span><span class="font9"> is somewhat lower. Listen carefully to the tape.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bu zěnme</span><span class="font9"> may precede a state verb, "not especially," "not particularly." Wǒ bù zěnme xīhuan nèiběn shū. Wǒ bù zěnme qīngchu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ jīntiān bù zěnme hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bù zěnme you qián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bù zěnme xiǎng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Contrast </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù zěnme</span><span class="font9"> with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú zènme</span><span class="font9">, "not</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bú zènme xǐhuan kàn diàn-yǐngr.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">The expression would then mean</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t particularly like that book.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m not particularly clear on this.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(This isn’t very clear to me.) I’m not particularly well today. He’s not especially rich.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t especially want to go.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">as much as that":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t like to go to the movies </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">that. </span><span class="font9">much, (i.e., as much as someone else just mentioned)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ 'bù zěnme xǐhuan kàn diàn-yǐngr.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t particularly like to go to the movies.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Wǒ Sìyue Shísìhào yào dào Guangzhou qù. Qǐng ni gěi wo ding yìzhāng fēijī piào.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m going to Guangzhou on April 1U. Please reserve a plane ticket for me.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Sure.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Piào dìnghǎo le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Neihān fēijī? Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Jiǔdiǎn shíwùfēn qǐfēi.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">The ticket has been reserved.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Which flight? What time does it take off?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It takes off at 9:15-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dìnghǎo</span><span class="font9"> is a compound verb of result. When used as the final element in a compound verb of result, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9"> indicates that the action described by the initial verb has been brought to a successful conclusion.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The same form of the verb, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìnghǎo</span><span class="font9">, is used to describe an object having something done to it and a person doing something to an object.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Piào dìnghǎo le. The ticket has been reserved.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bǎ piào dìnghǎo le. I have reserved the ticket.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here are additional examples of compounds with the result-ending -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women yǐjīng shuōhǎo le. We have already come to an agreement about it. (We have already talked it out to a conclusion.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ xiǎnghǎo le meiyou? Have you reached a conclusion yet? (Have you thought it out to a conclusion yet?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yǐjīng bǎ jīntiān I have already finished making the wǎnshàng yào phīde things we are going to eat tonight,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">dōngxi zuòhǎo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐde xíngli zhùnbèihǎo Is your luggage ready? le ma?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Shì, zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, it flies directly to Guǎngzhōu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèibān fēijī</span><span class="font9">, "this flight": In Chinese, the specifier </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèi-</span><span class="font9"> is used to refer to what has just been talked about. In English, "that" and "the" are used for the same purpose.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The adverb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhí</span><span class="font9"> is not used in as many situations as is its English translation, "directly," "straight." In other contexts, the word for "directly" or "direct" would be </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhíjiē</span><span class="font9">, and the word for "straight" would be </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìzhí</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Cong Sānlītún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Yào sìshifēn zhōng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">How much time does it take to go from Sānlītún to the airport?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It takes forty minutes.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Rúguo wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, lāidejí ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Laidej í.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rúguo</span><span class="font9"> is one of the commonest words in Chinese for "if." Another widely used word for "if" is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàoshi</span><span class="font9">. (See Additional Required Vocabulary, No. 12.) You have already learned that the idea of "if" may be conveyed in Chinese without any special word:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò Gōnglùjú děi xiān mǎi If I take the bus, is it necessary piào ma? to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā If I leave home at eight o’clock,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lāidejí ba? I can make it in time. Right?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Qǐng ni míngtiān zǎoshang pài ge chē lai jiē wo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo. Wo míngtiān hādiǎn zhōng pài chē sòng ni dào fēijīchǎng qu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Please send a car to pick me up tomorrow morning.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay. I’ll send a car at eight o’clock tomorrow to take you to the airport•</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verh </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">pài</span><span class="font9"> means "to send/assign someone Cto do something!.'’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ge</span><span class="font9">: You have already learned that, when toneless, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge</span><span class="font9"> means "a," not "one." In the first sentence of exchange </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">7,</span><span class="font9"> you see that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge</span><span class="font9"> can he reduced to the one syllable </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ge</span><span class="font9">. This reduction happens most frequently when "a" follows the sentence verh.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zhǎo ge rén to look for someone (i.e., a person)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">chi ge píngguǒ to eat an apple</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verh </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiē</span><span class="font9"> means "to meet," as in "meeting someone at the station," or "to get," "to pick up," as in "I’ll come hy to get you (pick you up) about eight o'clock."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pài ge chē lai jiē wo</span><span class="font9">, literally "send a car to come pick me up": In English, "come" may be omitted. In Chinese, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lai</span><span class="font9"> must separate the action (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">pài ge chē</span><span class="font9">) from the purpose of the action (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiē wo)</span><span class="font9">. Either </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lai</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù</span><span class="font9"> may be used to mark purpose expressions, depending on the direction of the action.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">sòng</span><span class="font9"> means "to take/escort someone" in the last sentence of exchange 7- </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sòng</span><span class="font9"> may also mean "to send" in the sense of "delivering an object," in contrast with the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">pài</span><span class="font9">, which means "to send a person."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">pài</span><span class="font9"> ge rén dào wǒ jiā Please </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">send a man</span><span class="font9"> over to my house, lai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng bǎ zhuōzi </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">sòng</span><span class="font9"> dao wǒ Please </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">deliver the table</span><span class="font9"> to my house, jiā qù.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. -hǎo le</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9- luguǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. shuōhǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. xiǎnghǎo le</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. yàoshi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. zuòhǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">to be satisfactorily completed</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hotel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">if (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rúguo</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Luguǎn</span><span class="font9"> is the general term for any kind of hotel. When following a verb or the prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">luguǎn</span><span class="font9"> may be followed by the locational ending -li, ’’in,” or there may be no locative ending. This is also the case with other place words naming institutions, business establishments, and organizations.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài zhèige luguǎnli (OR He stayed in this hotel for two zài zhèige luguǎn) zhùle months.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">liǎngge yuè.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark148"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark149"></a>VOCABULARY BOOSTER</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Animals</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">■bear</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xióng</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">camel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">luòtuo</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">cat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">māo</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chicken</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">cow</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">niú</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">deer</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">lù</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">dog</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">gou</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">donkey</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">lù</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">duck</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yā</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">elephant</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiàng</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">fish</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yú</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">fox</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">húli</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">goat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shānyáng</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">horse</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǎ</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">lion</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shīzi</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">monkey</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">hóuzi</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">mouse/rat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">lǎoshǔ</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">panda</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xióngmāo</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Pig</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhū</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">sheep</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yang</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">tiger</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">lǎohǔ</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">turkey</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huǒjì</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">wolf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">lang</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark37"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark150"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Qǐng ni gěi wo mǎi yìzhang chuan piào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please "buy one boat ticket for me.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Qǐng ni gěi Mǎ Xiānsheng mǎi liǎngzhāng huochē piào.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Qǐng ni gěi Mao Tàitai mǎi yìzhang gōnglùjúde chēpiào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Qǐng ni gěi Lin Xiǎojiě mǎi sǎnzhǎng zhídáchēde chēpiào.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Qǐng ni gěi Liú Nttshì mǎi sǎnzhǎng tèkuàichēde chēpiào.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Qǐng ni gěi Zhou Xiānsheng mǎi liǎngzhāng fēijī piào.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Qǐng ni gěi Zhào Tàitai mǎi liǎngzhāng chuan piào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Qǐng ni gěi wo ding yìzhāng chuan piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please reserve one boat ticket for me.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gěi Mǎ Xiānsheng ding liǎngzhāng huǒchē piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gěi Mao Tàitai ding yìzhāng gōnglùjúde chēpiào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gěi Lin Xiǎojiě ding sǎnzhǎng zhídáchēde chēpiào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gěi Liú Nushì ding sǎnzhǎng tèkuàichēde chēpiào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gěi Zhōu Xiānsheng ding liǎngzhāng fēiji piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gěi Zhào Tàitai ding liǎngzhāng chuan piào.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue)</span><span class="font9"> huǒchē piào</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(l want to go to Guǎngzhōu.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ yào dào Běijīng qù. fēijī piào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ yào dào Nanjīng qù. tèkuàichēde piào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Wǒ yào dào Qīngdǎo qù. chuan piào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wo yào dào Tiānjīn qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">qìchē piào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù, keyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng huǒchē piào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I want to go to Guǎngzhōu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">May I reserve a train ticket?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào dào Běijīng qù, keyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng fēijī piào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo yào dào Nānjīng qù, keyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng tèkuàichēde piào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào dào Qīngdǎo qù, keyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng chuan piào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào dào Tiānjīn qù, keyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng qìchē piào?</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wo yao dao Hangzhōu qù. fēijī piào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. WǑ yào dào Sūzhōu qù. zhídáchēde piào</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zuòhǎo le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Have you finished doing it?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Shuōhǎo le ma? yes</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Xiǎnghǎo le ma? soon</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Dìnghǎo le ma? not yet</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Shuōhǎo le ma? no</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zuòhǎo le ma? soon</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Xiǎnghǎo le ma? not yet</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Něihān fēijī?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Which flight?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Něihān huǒchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Which train?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Něihān qìchē?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Něihān fēijī?</span></p></li></ul></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wo yào dào Hangzhōu qù, kéyi hu keyi ding yìzhang fēijī piào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào dào Sūzhōu qù, kéyi hu keyi ding yìzhāng zhídáchēde piào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Méi zuòhǎo ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I haven’t finished doing it.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shuōhǎo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Kuài xiǎnghǎo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hai méi dìnghǎo ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Méi shuōhǎo ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Kuài zuòhǎo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hái méi xiǎnghǎo ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Něihān fēijī? Jīdiǎn zhōng qīfēi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Which flight? What time does it take off?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Něihān huǒchē? Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Which train? What time does it leave?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Něihān qìchē? Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Něihān fēijī? Jīdiǎn zhōng qīfēi?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">H, Neibān zhídǎchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Neibān tèkuàichē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Neibān fēijī?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Neibān zhídǎchē? Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Neibān tèkuàichē? Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Neibān fēijī? Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu ma? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Nǎnjīng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu?)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Nǎnjīng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Does this flight go directly to Nǎnjīng?)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Nǎnjīng ma? Shànghǎi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Shànghǎi ma? Běijīng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Běijīng ma? Wǔhàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Wǔhàn ma? Sǔzhōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Sǔzhōu ma? Qīngdǎo</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Shànghǎi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Běijīng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Wǔhàn ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Sǔzhōu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Qīngdǎo ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Qīngdǎo ma?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Cǒng Sānlǐtún dào huǒchēzhàn yào duōshao shíjiān? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) duōshaofēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the train station?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Cǒng Dōngdān dào Wángfujǐng Dàjiē yào duōshao shíjiān? duōshao shíhou</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Cong Chángān Jiē dào Rìtānlù yào duōshao shíjiān? jǐfēn zhōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Cǒng Běijīng dào Guangzhōu yào duōshao shíjiān? jǐtiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Cong Nanjīng dào Shànghǎi yào duōshao shíjiān? duōshao xiǎoshí</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Cōng Hangzhōu dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao shíjiān? duōshao xiǎoshí</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Cǒng Guānghuǎlù dào huǒchēzhàn yào duōshao shíjiān? duōshaofēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Cong Sānlǐtún dào huǒchēzhàn yào duōshaofēn zhōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How many minutes from Sānlǐtún to the train station?)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Cong Dōngdān dào Wǎngfǔjǐng Dàjiē yào duōshao shíhou?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Cǒng Changān Jiē dào Rìtānlù yào jǐfēn zhōng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Cǒng Běijīng dào Guǎngzhōu yào jǐtiān?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Cǒng Nānjīng dào Shànghǎi yào duōshao xiǎoshí?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Cǒng Hangzhōu dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao xiǎoshí?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Cǒng Guānghuǎlù dào huǒchēzhàn yào duōshaofēn zhōng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Rúguǒ wǒ hādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, lāidejí ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(if I leave home at eight o’clock, can I make it?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Rúguǒ wǒ shídiǎn zhōng líkāi xuexiào, lāidejí ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Rúguǒ wǒ hādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, shenme shíhou dào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(if I leave home at eight o’clock, what time will I arrive?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Rúguǒ wǒ shídiǎn zhōng líkāi xuexiào shenme shíhou dào?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Rugup Lí Xiānsheng shíyídiǎn sh,ifēn líkāi Dàshiguǎn, lāidejí ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Ruguo Zhang Nushì shíyuè qíhào líkāi zhèli, lāidejí ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Ruguo tā sìdiǎhbàn líkāi fàndiàn, lāidejí ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Ruguo nǐ zāoshang qīdiǎn zhong líkāi jiā, lāidejí ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Ruguo tāmen xiànzài líkāi chēzhàn, lāidejí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Rúguo Lí Xiānsheng shíyídiǎn shífēn líkāi Dàshiguǎn, shénme shíhou dào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ruguo Zhāng Nushì shíyuè qíhào líkāi</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">zhèli, shénme shíhou dào?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Ruguo tā sìdiǎnhàn líkāi fàndiàn,</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">shénme shíhou dào?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Ruguo ní zāoshang qīdiǎn zhong líkāi jiā, shénme shíhou dào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ruguo tāmen xiànzài líkāi chēzhàn, shénme shíhou dào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">H. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Qǐng ni lāi jiē wo. (Please pick me up.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Qíng ni pài ge chē lāi jiē wo. (Please send a car to pick me up.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">lāi jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù jiē tamen.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">song wo qù.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lāi jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">song tamen qù</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">pài ge chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">lāi jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">pài ge chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù jiē tamen.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">pài ge chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">pài ge chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">song wo qù.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">pài ge chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lāi jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Qíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">pài ge chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">song tamen qù</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">I. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wo song ni dào fēijīchāng qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(i’ll take you to the airport.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wo song ni dào huochēzhàn qù.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wo sùng ni dào qìchēzhàn qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǒ song ni dào tā Jiā qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ song ni dào yínháng qù.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ song ni dào dàshiguān qù.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ song ni dào fēijīchāng qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Wǒ pài chē song ni dào fēijīchāng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’ll send a car to take you to the airport.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ pài chē song ni dào huochēzhàn qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ pài chē song ni dào qìchēzhàn qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ pài chē song ni dào tā jiā qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ pài chē song ni dào yínhāng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ pài chē song ni dào dàshiguān qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ pài chē song ni dào fēijīchāng qù.</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark151"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark152"></a>UNIT 8</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark153"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark154"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Běijīng)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">1. B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎo jiǔ. méi jiàn, nín chū mén le ba?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t seen you for a long time You have been away, I suppose?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shi a, wǒ you dào Guǎngzhōu qu le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, I went to Guǎngzhōu again.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">2. B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nín wèishénme gāng huílai, you qù le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Why did you go again when you had just come back from there?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zhàicì dào Guǎngzhōu qù shi yīnwei wo you yige hen hǎode péngyou cōng Xiānggǎng lǎi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">This time I went to Guǎngzhōu because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3. A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women you yìniǎn méi jiàn le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">We had not seen each other for a year.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā qǐng wo péi ta yìqǐ qù lùxíng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">U. A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Sānge yuè yǐqiǎn wǒ zài Guǎngzhōu, nèige shíhou tā hai bù zhīdào néng bu néng lǎi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Three months ago, when I was in Guǎngzhōu, she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5. B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">What places did you go to?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nānjīng, Shànghǎi, Hǎngzhōu, Sūzhōu, dōu qù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎngzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">We went to Nānjīng, Shànghǎi, Hǎngzhōu, and Sūzhōu. Hǎngzhōu is really beautiful.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">6. A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">You jīhui wō yào zài qù yícì.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">If I have the chance, I would like to go again.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">7. A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèixiē dìfang nǐ dōu qùguo le ba?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">You have gone to all those places, I suppose?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Méi dōu qùguo. Wǒ hǎi méi qùguo Sūzhōu.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t been to all of them. I still haven’t been to Sūzhōu.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huí guǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to return to one’s native country</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huí Jiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to come/go home</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">huíqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to go hack</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">11. rènao</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">12. yǒu yìsi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">13. méi(yǒu) yìsi 1U. suǒyǐ (suǒyi)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">to Le lively/bustling/noisy to Le interesting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to Le uninteresting therefore, so</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark39"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark155"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chū men (chū ménr)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to go out, to go away from home, to go out of town</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">only a short while ago, just</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hangzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(a city in Zhejiang Province in the PRC, formerly spelled Hangchow)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎo jiǔ huí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huí guō huí jiā huílai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huí qu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">a long time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to return to, to go back to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to return to one’s native country</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to return home</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to ccme back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to go back</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jiàn jǐhui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to meet, to see opportunity, chance</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">méi(yǒu) yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be uninteresting</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">néng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">can; to be able to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">péi piàoliang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to accompany</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be beautiful</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to request, to invite</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">rènao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be lively/bustling/noisy</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">suoyǐ (suoyi)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sǔzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">therefore, so</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(a city in Jiāngsǔ Province in the PRC, formerly spelled Soochow)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wèishénme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">why</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yīnwei</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">V V yiqi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">you you yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">because</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">together, along with</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">again (with completed actions) to be interesting</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">again (with uncompleted actions)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huār kāile</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">the flowers have bloomed (literally, ’’opened”)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiānglái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">in the future</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shōudao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to receive</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yǒumíngde dìfang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">famous place</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuìJin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">recently</span></p></td></tr>
- </table><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-7.png" alt="" style="width:311pt;height:201pt;">
- <p><span class="font9">Běijīng Workers’ Stadium</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark40"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark156"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Hǎo jiu méi jiàn, nín chū men le ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Shì a, wǒ you dào Guǎngzhōu qu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t seen you for a long time You have been away, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, I went to Guǎngzhōu again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo jiǔ</span><span class="font9">, "very long": In this phrase, the word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9"> means "very." Some additional examples of this use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9"> are</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">dà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">very large</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">duō rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">a good many people</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">jitiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">quite a few days</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">Persons from Taiwan frequently use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9">, "very," before another </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo,</span><span class="font9"> as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo hǎowán!</span><span class="font9"> "What fun!" and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo hǎochǐ!</span><span class="font9"> "Delicious!" Speakers from Bǎijīng think that this repetition of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9"> sounds bad.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàn</span><span class="font9"> means "to see someone" in the sense of "to visit/talk with someone." The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànjian</span><span class="font9"> is used for "to see" in the sense of "to perceive an object."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chū men</span><span class="font9"> means "to go out," "to go away from home," "to go out of town"; literally, "to go out the door."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9"> is the word for "again" which is used with completed actions. (See notes on No. 6 for "again" with actions that have not been completed.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Òu, nī you lái le! Oh, you have come again!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qìshuǐ you meiyou le. We are out of soda again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zuotiān méi shàng kè. Yesterday he didn’t attend class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīntiān you méi shàng kè. Today, again, he didn’t attend class.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Nín wèishénme gang huílai, you qù le ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wo zhèicì dào Guangzhou qù shi yīnwei wǒ you yige hen hǎode péngyou cong Xianggang lai.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Why did you go again when you had just come back from there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This time I went to Guǎngzhōu because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wèishénme</span><span class="font9">, "why," follows the subject in the first sentence of exchange 2. This question word usually occurs in that position, (in English, "why" always precedes the subject.)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishénme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you qù le ne?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Why</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">did you go again?)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">Sometimes </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishénme</span><span class="font9"> precedes the subject of a sentence:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wèishénme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">méi qù?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wèishénme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">méi qù?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"Why didn't he go?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang</span><span class="font9">, "only a short while ago," "just": The first sentence in the exchange could also be translated as "Why, having just come back from there, did you go again?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The adverb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gang</span><span class="font9"> is used in sentences describing something that has just been done, in other words, completed action. But notice that the marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> for completion is not used here. The marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> is added when the focus is on whether or not the action has been performed, not on when or how it was performed. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang</span><span class="font9"> is often used in sentences emphasizing the recentness of an action, not the fact that it was done; therefore </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> is not used.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shi shénme shíhou láide? When did you come here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gang lai. I just got here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ mèimei zài bu zài? Is your little sister here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā gang zǒu. She just left.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huí</span><span class="font9">, "to return," "to go back": Like </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chù</span><span class="font9">, "to go out," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jin</span><span class="font9">, "to enter," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huí</span><span class="font9"> must be followed by either a place word or a directional ending.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">huí Běijīng huíguó huíj iā huílai huíqu</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">to return to Běijīng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to return to one’s native country</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to return home</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to come back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to go back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The meaning of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huílai</span><span class="font9"> is not as "broad as that of the English translation "to come "back," which has two meanings: 1) to come from someplace else to the original place ("He leaves for work at eight and doesn’t come hack till six.") and 2) to come another time ("Mr. Wang isn’t in today; come hack tomorrow.") </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huílai</span><span class="font9"> means "to return to a particular place." To say "to come another time" in Chinese, you would use an adverh meaning "again" and the verb lái. For example,</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wang Xiānsheng jīntiān hú zài, qīng ni míngtiān zài lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige ren zuotiān you lái zhāo ni, nī hú zài.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Mr. Wáng isn’t in today; please come hack tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That guy came hack looking for you yesterday, hut you were out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ne</span><span class="font9">: Because of the question word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishenme</span><span class="font9">, "why," the first sentence in exchanged is clearly a question. The marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> is not needed to indicate a question, hut does give an added ring of inquisitiveness to the sentence. Questions ending in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> often seem to he asking for definite answers.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yīnwei</span><span class="font9">, ""because" : Here are some</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī wèishénme mei lái?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei wo hen máng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī wèishénme láiwan le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei wo zǒucuò le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī wèishénme you qù le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei wǒde péngyou cong Xiānggāng lái.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">simpler sentences containing </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīnwei</span><span class="font9">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why didn’t you come?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Because I was very husy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why did you come late?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Because I made a wrong turn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why did you go again?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Because my friend was coming from Hong Kong.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">The word order in the second sentence of terms of a pattern:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">SENTENCE</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">exchange 2 may he described in</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">shi yīnwei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">SENTENCE</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zhèicì dào Guǎngzhōu qù</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">wǒ you yige hěn hāode péngyou cóng Xiānggāng lái.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">The phrase </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen hāode péngyou</span><span class="font9"> contains the marker of modification -de.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The modifying phrase ADVERB + ADJECTIVAL VERB (e.g., </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì xiāo</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài gāo</span><span class="font9">) is followed by -de. Therefore </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hāo péngyou</span><span class="font9"> does not need -de, but </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn hāode péngyou</span><span class="font9"> does.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font9"> is translated in the past tense in the second sentence of this exchange: "I HAD a . . . friend coming." Notice that there is no completed-action marker in the sentence. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9"> cannot be used with a completed-action marker because it is a STATE verb, not an action verb. (See notes on Nos. 7-8 in BIO, Unit 8, and on No. ú in this unit.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Women yǒu yìnián méi jiàn le. We had. not seen each other for a year. A: Tā qǐng wo péi ta yìqǐ qù She asked, me to accompany her (in her) luxíng. travels.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǒu yìniān méi</span><span class="font9">: To state the period, of time within which something has not happened., place the amount of time in front of the negative and. the verb. The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font9"> may be placed, in front of the amount of time.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(you)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">sānnián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">méi jiàn le.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(as for us</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">there have been</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">3 years</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">haven’t met)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"We haven’t seen each other for three years.”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In this example, new-situation le might be translated as "as of now."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When you are talking about a period of time within which something will not happen, the same pattern is used, but </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu</span><span class="font9"> may NOT be added:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">liǎngtiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bù chīfàn.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"I’m not going to eat for two days."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐng</span><span class="font9">, which you have already learned as "please," means "to request Ethat a person do something!" or "to invite." Normally, when you </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐng</span><span class="font9"> someone to take a trip or to go out, you are saying that you will pay all expenses.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Sānge yuè yǐqián wǒ zài Guǎngzhōu, nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhidào néng bu néng lái.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Three months ago, when I was in Guǎngzhōu, she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. H</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǐqián</span><span class="font9">, "ago": You have already seen </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐqián</span><span class="font9"> used after a phrase to mean "before."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shàng bān yǐqián, wo mǎi Before I start work, I will buy diǎnr chide. something to eat.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In No. H, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐqián</span><span class="font9"> is used, after an amount of time to mean ’'ago.”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Liǎngnián yǐqián, wǒ meiyou Two years ago, I didn’t have a car. qìchē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Neng,</span><span class="font9"> ’’can,” "to be able to," "to be capable of": The most general word in Chinese for "to be able to" is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">neng</span><span class="font9">. The meanings of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">neng</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">keyi </span><span class="font9">"to be permitted by someone" or "permissible according to some rules or conventions," overlap.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhǐdào</span><span class="font9">: The negative is bù, even though the sentence refers to the past. The negative </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font9"> cannot be used here because it is the negative of completed action. The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9">, like the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font9"> and adjectival verbs such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9">, is a state verb and cannot be thought of as completed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Since the negative of a state verb is the same in the present and past tenses, the intended time must be discovered from the context. One reason for using </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèige shíhou</span><span class="font9"> in No. U is to make the time reference very clear.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">STATE VERBS include all adjectival verbs, auxiliary verbs, and a few other verbs. Here are some examples:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">STATE VERBS</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Auxiliaries</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Adjectival Verbs</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Others</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">dà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shi</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">kéyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zài</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">néng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">gui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">piányi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">dei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xìng</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">kuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bú bì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">J iào</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">màn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhǐdao</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">duō shǎo gāoxìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">xīhuan</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font9">YīJiǔsānyīnián dōngxi dōu </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú </span><span class="font9">guì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zài Deguode shíhou </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú</span><span class="font9"> hui shuō Déguo huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yǐqián </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9"> xīhuan niàn shū.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">In 1931, everything </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">was</span><span class="font9"> inexpensive</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When I was in Germany, I </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">couldn’t </span><span class="font9">speak German.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Before, I </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">didn’t</span><span class="font9"> like to study.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù zhǐdào néng bu néng lái</span><span class="font9">, "didn’t know if she would be able to come": The object of the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9"> is a choice-type question, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng bu néng lái. </span><span class="font9">Here are more examples of this usage:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bù zhǐdào hái you meiyou. I don’t know if there are any left.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ wènwen tā mǎile méiyou. Ask him if he bought it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng zhǐdao tāmen lái I would like to know if they are</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bu lái. coming or not.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">English-speaking students of Chinese are often tempted to translate ’’if” as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rúguǒ</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàoshi</span><span class="font9">; to do so, however, is wrong. The following rule may help you remember to use a choice-type question: Whenever the "if” in an English sentence means "whether,” use a choice-type question in Chinese. For example, "I would like to know if they are coming” means "I would like to know whether they are coming”; therefore, in Chinese, you would use a choice-type question as the object of the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdao</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. B: Nīmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nanjīng, Shanghai, Hangzhōu, Sǔzhōu, dōu qù le. Hangzhou zhēn shi piàoliang.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What places did you go to?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We went to Nanjīng, Shànghǎi, Hang' zhōu, and Sǔzhōu. Hǎngzhōu is really beautiful.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nīmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?</span><span class="font9"> is ambiguous. It could mean either "What places did all of you go to?" or "What are all the places that you went to?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You already know that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9"> may refer to an object when that object precedes the verb, in topic position. (See the second sentence in exchange 5-)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In this first sentence of the exchange, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9"> is referring to an object which occurs after the verb. When an object includes a question word, it is not placed before </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9"> in the sentence.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā dōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">qùguo shénme dìfang?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">What are all went to?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">the places that he</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā dōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">niànguo shénme shǔ?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">What are all read?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">the books that she has</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā dōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">mǎiguo shénme dōngxi?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">What are all</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">the things that he</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">bought ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font9"> in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎngzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang</span><span class="font9"> has been added for emphasis. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi </span><span class="font9">is not required before adjectival verbs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Yǒu jīhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì. If I have the chance, I would like</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">to go again.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The adverb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> means "again" in talking about actions that have not been completed. (This adverb was translated previously in your text as "then" in commands.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān zài lái baJ Come again tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zài shuō yícì. Please say it again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yícì</span><span class="font9"> means "one occurrence of going," or "one trip," in this sentence. (The English translation does not include an equivalent of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yícì</span><span class="font9">.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Zhèixiē dìfang nī dōu qùguo le ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Mei dōu qùguo. Wǒ hái méi qùguo Sūzhōu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">You have gone to all those places, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t been to all of them. I still haven’t been to Sūzhōu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Méi dōu</span><span class="font9">, "not all": In the second sentence of exchange 7» the negative </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font9"> precedes the adverb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9">. Placing a negative before </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9"> instead of after it changes the meaning of the phrase. Compare the sentences below:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu bù</span><span class="font9"> lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù dōu</span><span class="font9"> lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu méi</span><span class="font9"> qùguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi dōu</span><span class="font9"> qùguo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">They are </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">all not</span><span class="font9"> coming. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">All</span><span class="font9"> of them are </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">not</span><span class="font9"> coming.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Not all</span><span class="font9"> of them are coming.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">n’t</span><span class="font9"> been to </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">any</span><span class="font9"> of them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t been to all of them.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. huí guó</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. huí jiā</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. huíqu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. renao</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. you yìsi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. méi(yǒu) yìsi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">14. suǒyí (suóyi)</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">to return to one’s native country to come/go home</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to go hack</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to he lively/hustling/noisy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to he interesting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to he uninteresting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">therefore, so</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suǒyǐ</span><span class="font9"> (also pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">suoyi</span><span class="font9">) is the word "therefore," "so."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn máng, suóyi méi qù. I was very husy, so I didn’t go.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In Chinese sentences expressing cause and result, the pattern </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīnwei... suóyi...</span><span class="font9"> is preferred. English speakers often find difficulty in using this pattern because it sounds unnatural in English to say "</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Because</span><span class="font9"> I was very busy, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">so</span><span class="font9"> I didn’t go." In English, either "because" or "so" would be omitted<sup>-</sup>, but, in Chinese, both </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīnwei</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">suóyi</span><span class="font9"> are often retained.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei wǒ hěn máng, suóyi mei qù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei tā shi hǎo xuésheng, suóyi lǎoshī dōu xīhuan ta.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei wǒ meiyou hùzhào, suóyi xiànzài wǒ hái bù néng líkāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei wǒ yào dào Zhōngguo qù, suóyi wǒ yào xué Zhōngwěn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei wǒ meiyou chē, suóyi wǒ bù néng zhùde lí xuéxiào tài yuan.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">suóyi</span><span class="font9"> always precedes the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suóyi</span><span class="font9"> may also mean "that’s why., plane," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suóyi ni shi zuò fēijī láide</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">suóyi</span><span class="font9"> is.stressed.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I was very busy, so I didn’t go. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">OR</span><span class="font9"> "Because I was very busy, I didn’t go.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Because he is a good student, all the teachers like him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t have a passport, so I can’t leave yet. (OR "Because I don’t have a passport, I can’t leave yet.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have to learn Chinese because I’m going to go to China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t have a car, so I can’t live too far away from school. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">OR </span><span class="font9">"Because I don’t have a car, I can’t live too far away from school.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">subject of the sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">": "That’s why you came here by When used this way, the word</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark41"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark157"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā chū men le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(He has gone out.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā dào Zhōngguo qù le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā niàn shū le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Tā shàngqu le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā dào péngyou jiā qù le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā lái le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā huíqu le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Tā you chū men le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Has he gone out again?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā you dào Zhōngguo qù le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā you niàn shū le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā you shàngqu le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā you dào péngyou jiā qù le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā you lái le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā you huíqu le ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ yào kàn yíge péngyou. (I want to see a friend.)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wō yào mai yiběn Zhōngguo zìdiān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā xiǎng mǎi yige huāpíng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā yào kànkan mǔqin.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā dǎsuan qù huàn yìdiǎn qian.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā xiǎng xué Zhōngwén.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā dǎsuan mǎi yìdiǎn dōngxi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wō zhèicì qù shi yào kàn yíge péngyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(The reason I’m going this time is Cthati I want to see a friend.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wō zhèicì qù shi yào mǎi yìhěn Zhōngguo zìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhèicì qù shi xiǎng mǎi yige huāpíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhèicì qù shi yào kànkan mǔqin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhèicì qù shi dǎsuan qù huàn yìdiǎn qián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhèicì qù shi xiǎng xué Zhōngwén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhèicì qù shi dǎsuan mǎi yìdiǎn dōngxi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ you yìniǎn měi qù le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) kànjian ta</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I haven’t gone for a year.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ you yìnián měi kànjian ta le. dào Shànghǎi qù</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wo you yìniǎn měi dào Shànghǎi qù le. kàn Zhōngwén bào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Wǒ you yìniǎn měi kàn Zhōngwěn bào le. qù kàn ta</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ you yìniǎn měi qù kàn ta le. zuò fēijī</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ you yìniǎn měi zuò fēijī le. dào zhèr lǎi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ you yìniǎn měi dào zhèr lǎi le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Wǒ you yìniǎn měi kànjian ta le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I haven’t seen him for a year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yǒu yìniǎn měi dào Shànghǎi qù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ you yìniǎn měi kàn Zhōngwén bào le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yǒu yìniǎn méi qù kàn ta le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ you yìniǎn méi zuò fēijī le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ you yìniǎn méi dào zhèr lǎi le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ gēge qíng wo péi ta qù lílxíng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(My older brother asked me to accompany him Lin hisJ travels.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ jiějie qīng wo péi ta qù mǎi dōngxi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ àiren qīng wo péi ta qù kàn pěngyou.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zhang Tongzhi qīng wo péi ta dào Bǎijīng qù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Lī Těngzhì qīng wo péi ta dào bowùguǎn qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wo dei pei wo gēge qu luxmg. (I must accompany my older brother Lin his3 travels.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ dēi péi wo jiējie qù mǎi dōngxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ dēi péi wǒ àiren qù kàn pengyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ dēi péi Zhāng Těngzhì dào Bēijīng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ dēi péi Lī Tongzhi dào bowùguǎn qù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā qǐng wo péi ta qù mǎi shū.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā qǐng wo péi ta qù huàn qiān.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo děi péi ta qù māi shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo děi péi ta qù huàn qiān</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā nèige shíhou hai bù zhǐdào néng bu néng lai.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) shénme shíhou</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(At that time he did not yet know whether or not he would be able to come.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào shénme shíhou lái.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">xīngqīJǐ</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào xīngqījǐ lái. kéyi bu keyi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào kéyi bu keyi lái. jǐyuè</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào jǐyuè lái. néng bu néng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào néng bu néng lái. jǐhào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào jǐhào lái.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào shénme shíhou lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(At that time he did not yet know what time to come.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào xīngqījǐ lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào kéyi bu keyi lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào jǐyuè lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào néng bu néng lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhǐdào-jǐhào lái.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">F.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nīmen dōu qùguo shénme </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Shànghǎi, Nanjīng women dōu dìfang? qù le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Shànghǎi, (We went to both Shànghǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nanjīng and Nǎnjīng.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What places did you go to?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nīmen dōu qùguo shenme dìfang? nī shuōde</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nīmen dōu niànguo shénme? zhèng zhixué, J īngj ixué</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nīmen dōu mǎi shénme le? zhuōzi, pǎnziwǎn</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nīmen zuótiān dōu mǎi shénme le? shū, zǎzhì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nīmen dōu yào shénme yǎnsède? lǎnde, hongde</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nīmen Jīntiān dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? bówùguǎn,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">zhǎnlǎnguǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī shuōde nèixiē dìfang women dōu qù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèngzhixué, JīngJixué women dōu niàn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhuōzi, pǎnziwǎn women dōu mǎi le</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shū, zǎzhì women dōu mǎi le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lǎnde, hongde women dōu yào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bowùguǎn, zhǎnlǎnguǎn women dōu qù le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">G.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tāmen dōu lǎi le ma? (cue) not all</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(Did they all come?)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen dōu qù le ma? none</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen dōu zōu le ma? not all</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen dōu mǎi le ma? none</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen dōu mài Zhōngguo shū ma? not all</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Shànghǎi, Běijīng, Nǎnjīng tāmen dōu qùguo le ma? not all</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tāmen dōu lǎiguo ma? none</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tāmen méi dōu lǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Not all of them came.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen dōu méi qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen méi dōu zou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen dōu méi mǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen bù dōu mài Zhōngguo shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen méi dōu qùguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen dōu méi lǎiguo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Wo míngtiān yào zài qù yícì.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Tomorrow I want to go again.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā hòutiān yào zài lái yícì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā míngnián yào zài niàn yícì.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǒ xiàge yuè yào zài kàn yícì.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā xiàge xīngqī yào zài zuò yícì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ xiàwǔ yào zài xué yícì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā xiàge Xíngqīyī yào zài kāi yícì.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ zuotiān you qùle yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Yesterday I went again.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā qiántiān you láile yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā qùnián you niànle yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shàngge yuè you kànle yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tà shàngge xǐngqī yòu zuòle yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo shàngwǔ yòu xuéle yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shàngge Xīngqǐyī yòu kāile yícì</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) zhèige dìfang (What places did you go to?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐmen dōu māi shénme le? shū</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐmen dōu yào shénme? māi lánde</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Nǐmen dōu zhùguo shénme fàndiàn? nèige fàndiàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐmen dōu niànguo shénme? zhèngzhixué</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐmen dōu kàn shénme diànyǐng le? zhèige diànyǐng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐmen dōu xing shénme? Lǐ</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Nǐmen dōu qùguo zhèige dìfang ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Did all of you go to this place?)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen dōu māi shū le ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen dōu yào māi lánde ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen dōu zhùguo nèige fàndiàn ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen dōu niànguo zhèngzhixué ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen dōu kàn zhèige diànyǐng le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen dōu xing Lǐ ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">J. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Tā you qù le. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā wèishénme gāng huílai you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) huílai qù le ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He’s gone again.) (Why did he go again when he</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">had just come back?)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">you lái le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huíqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">gāng huíqu you lái</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huílai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huílai you zǒu</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huíqu le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lái you huíqu</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huílai le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font11">qù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā wèishénme ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù you huílai le</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huílai le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu you huílai</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huílai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huílai you qù</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h3><a name="bookmark158"></a><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark159"></a>MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font9">The Meeting Module (MTG) will provide you with the skills needed to arrange meetings or social gatherings, to greet people, to make introductions, and to accept or decline invitations in Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Before starting this module, you must take and pass the TRN Criterion Test.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The MTG Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, TRN, and associated resource modules is also included.</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark42"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark160"></a>OBJECTIVES</span></h4>
- <p><span class="font9">Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be able to</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Say any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists when cued with its English equivalent.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Make and respond to introductions with appropriate polite questions and answers.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Make phone calls and leave messages.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Arrange a meeting (time and place) with someone by talking with him or his secretary either in person or by phone.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Request that the time of a meeting be changed.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Invite a person to lunch, deciding on the time and the restaurant.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. Arrange a social gathering for a specific time of day, inviting guests to his home and encouraging them to accept the invitation.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. Greet guests upon their arrival at his home.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. Accept/decline a social/business invitation with the appropriate degree of politeness.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wèi, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Shì. Nin shi něiwèi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ you diǎnr shì xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tantan.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nín you gōngfu meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Sāndiǎn bī liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr. Yīnwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxū liǎngdiǎn huíbulǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Name, wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng zài lǒuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Who is this, please?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m William Martin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Oh, Mr. Martin— I haven’t seen you for a long time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Do you have any free time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What time would suit you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Three would be more convenient than two. Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back by two.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. huídelǎi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. kòng(r)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. loushàng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. shāngliang</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. you kèng(r)</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">to be able to get back in time free time, spare time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">upstairs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to discuss, to talk over</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have free time</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wei, Měidàsī.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎnde Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wǒ you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Kēzhang jiǎng-yijiǎng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wang Kēzhǎng xianzài zài kāi hui. Deng tā kāiwán hui wǒ gàosong tā gěi ni huí diànhuà.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Hǎo, xiàxie ni.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Bu xià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wǒ mei shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Měi guānxi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ míngtiān neng bu néng dào wǒ zhèr lái?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Kéyi. Míngtiān shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. guānxi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. j iǎng huà</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. lǐngshiguǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. shìqing (yíjiàn)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. sīzhǎng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. you guānxi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wáng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Section Chief Wáng is at a meeting now. When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your call.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Fine. Thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t mention it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When you called here, I didn’t have time to speak with you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It doesn’t matter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can you come over here tomorrow?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Any time tomorrow would be fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">relation, relationship, connection</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to speak, to talk; a speech consulate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">matter, business, affair department chief</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to relate to, to have a bearing on, to matter</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wǒ xiǎng xiàge Xīngqīliù qǐng nín dào women Jiā lǎi chī ge biànfàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nín hébì zhème kèqi?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ you yige Měiguo pengyou zài Taiwan Dàxuě Jiao shū. Hen xiǎng gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nà tài hǎo le1</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ hen xīwang gēn ni pengyou tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Buguō, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwen bù xíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Budàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ měi qǐng shénme rén; hěn suíbiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would like to invite you to come to our house for a simple meal on Saturday of next week.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why is it necessary to be so polite?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have an American friend who teaches at Taiwan University. I would very much like to introduce the two of you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s wonderful!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I wish very much to talk with your friend.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not only don’t I speak well, (but) sometimes I can’t understand what I hear either.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You speak as well as an American.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t invited anyone special; it’s very informal.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. bù tong</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. chǎ</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. chī fàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. dànshi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. érqiě</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. fàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. he</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. Jiǎo shū</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">to be different</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tea</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to eat, to have a meal but furthermore, moreover (cooked) rice to drink to teach</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. He Jiàoshòu, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qǐng jin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi yìdiān xiao yìsi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuǐ huà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tèbié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhang.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zhèiwèi shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiao shū.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wo hái you hěn duō bù shōuxide dìfang yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Xīwang yīhòu you jīhui duō jiànmiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Professor Hollins, welcome. Please come in.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here is a small token of appreciation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I know you like landscape paintings.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This is Professor Hollins, who teaches at Taiwan University.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Glad to meet you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There is still much I’m not familiar with that I need to ask your advice about.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">fāngfǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">method, way, means</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">T.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">fázi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">method, way</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huàr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">painting (Běijīng pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">qǐng zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">please sit down</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shèhuìxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">sociology</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tūshūguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">library</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to sit</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wài. Hello.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhao Lin Sizhang shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nín shi nǎr a?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shi Fǎguo Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Lin Sīzhǎng zhèihuǐr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr xiěxiàlǎi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Duìbuqǐ, ni gāngcǎi gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole jīntiān dào nín bàngōngshì qu tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei wǒ you yíjiàn yàojinde shi, suǒyi bù néng jīntiān qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gǎi dào míngtiān xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief Lin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Who is this?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I am the French Commercial/Economics Officer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Department Chief Lin is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’ll write down your phone number.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m sorry. When you called me just now, I wasn’t in.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office today for a talk.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Because I have an urgent business matter, I can’t go today.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Would it be all right to change it Ct he appointment] to tomorrow?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎishi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">still</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wàiguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">foreign, abroad</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wàiguo rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">foreigner (non-Chinese)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wūzi (yìjiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">room</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">one (telephone pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Women dào Dōngmen Canting qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo hu hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Dōngménde cài meiyou Dàhuǎde cài name hǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Suírǎn bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí zhèli jin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎi yǒu yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng jin.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tāmen nàlide cài fēichǎng hǎo. Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nà bù hǎo yìsi!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Dàhuǎde cài yòu hǎo yòu piǎnyi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Yě yǒu hǎoxiē cài biěde dìfang chībuzhǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. bù yídìng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. kànfa</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. wǎnfàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. xiǎngfa</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. yìxiē</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. zǎofàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. zuòfa</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Let’s go to the East Gate Restaurant to eat lunch. Okay?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at the Great China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Even though it CEast Gate! is not too good, it is close to us.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The food there is extremely good. Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I can’t let you do that!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(That would be too embarrassing!)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The food at the Great China is both good and cheap.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">They also have a good many dishes that you can’t find (at) other places.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Any place you suggest is sure to be good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">not necessarily; it’s not definite opinion, view supper, dinner</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">idea, opinion</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">some, several, a few</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">breakfast</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">way of doing things, method, practice</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wǒ you yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tīngshuō nín nabian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi shàngge lǐbài pài dào women zhèli laide.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zěnme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu Dàxuě hìyède.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Nǐ néng hu néng mǎshàng dào wo hàngōngshì lái?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Méi wèntí. Chàhuduō hànge zhōngtou jiù dào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. jìde</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. rènde</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. rènshi zì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. wàng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. wánquán</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. xiǎngqilai</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. zuǒyòu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">I have something I would like to ask you about.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fang Join you. I have forgotten his given name.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s right. Fang Démíng was sent over here last week.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why? Do you know him?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I graduated from the University of California.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can you come to my office right away?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No problem. I’ll be there in about half an hour.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to remember</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to recognize, to know (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to know how to read (literally, ”to recognize characters”)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to forget (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàngji,</span><span class="font9"> especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">completely</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to think of, to remember</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">approximately</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. Wài, zhèi shi Lībīnsī.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshīde mìshū.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Dàshī jiēzháo nīmende qīngtiě le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Hen kèxī yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zhuangào Qiao Bùzhǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hen bàoqiàn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3- Hen yíhàn, tā bù néng lái.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tì ni zhuangào yíxià.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Xīwang yīhòu zài zhao jīhui jùyijù ba.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhēn bù qiǎo, méi bànfa qù.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Women you jige tóngxué jìhua dào Chángchéng qù wánr.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. dàjiā</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. jiēdào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9- tǒngshì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. yīnggāi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. This is the Protocol Department.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The ambassador received your invitation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please inform Minister Qiáo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m very sorry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We very much regret that he cannot come.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I will pass on the message for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I hope that later we will find another opportunity to get together.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I really couldn’t make that; I have no way of going.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall for an outing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">everybody, everyone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to receive (alternate form of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiēzháo</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">fellow worker, colleague</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">should, ought to, must</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark161"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark162"></a>UNIT 1</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark44"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark163"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Beijing)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Wéi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wai, ni shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Shì. Nín shi nǎiwèi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">* B: Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo Jiǔ bú jiàn. Nī hǎo a?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo. Nī hǎo a?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Wo you diǎnr shì xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tantan.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: You gōngfu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Sāndiǎn bī liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. B: Yīnwei wǒ yìhuīr chūqu, yǎxǔ liǎngdiǎn huíbulǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Sāndiǎn zhōng ye hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Who is this, please?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m William Martin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you for quite a while. How are you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Fine. How are you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t know whether you have the time or not.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have the time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What time would suit you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Either today or tomorrow would be fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Would two o’clock today be convenient?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Three would be more convenient than two.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back by two.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Three is fine also.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. B: Name, wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì deng nín.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn Jiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. huídelǎi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. kdng(r)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. lǒushàng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. shāngliang</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. you. kòng(r)</span></p></li></ul></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Fine. I’ll see you at three.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be able to get back in time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">free time, spare time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">upstairs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to discuss, to talk over</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have free time</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font3">1U5</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark45"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark164"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">compared with, than</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">dāngmiàn duì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">in person, face to face</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to, towards; with regard to, with respect to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gōngfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">free time, spare time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">héshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be suitable, to be appropriate, to fit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huíbulái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huídelái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huìkèshì (huìkèshǐ)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be unable to get back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be able to get back in time reception room</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kēzhang kōng(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">section chief</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">free time, spare time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lōushàng lóuxià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">upstairs downstairs</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">nàme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">well, then, in that case</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shāngliang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to discuss, to talk over</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to chat, to talk about</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hello (telephone greeting)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yěxǔ yìhuǐr you gōngfu you kòng(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">perhaps, maybe a moment</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have free time to have free time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on 0-2 and P-2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tapes</span><span class="font9">)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">chūkǒu gongsī hui kè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">export company</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to receive guests</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">several, some</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">you yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be useful</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark46"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark165"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wei •</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hello.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wài, ni shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shì. Nín shi něiwèi?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Who is this, please?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shi Wēilian Mǎdīng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">I’m William Martin.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiǔ bú jiàn. Nī hǎo a?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">for quite a while. How are you?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎo. Nī hǎo a?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Fine. How are you?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wei</span><span class="font9"> is a greeting used in telephone conversations for "hello.” Some speakers pronounce this greeting as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wài</span><span class="font9">. Unlike most Chinese words, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèi </span><span class="font9">has no fixed tone. The intonation varies according to the speaker’s mood.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kēzhǎng</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kē</span><span class="font9"> means Here are some examples</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">"section," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǎng</span><span class="font9"> means "head of an organization." of how </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zhǎng</span><span class="font9">, "chief," "head," is used:</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">kē kēzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">section</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">section chief</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chu chǔzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">division</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">division chief</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">xuéxiào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">xiàozhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">school</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">principal, headmaster</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nín shi něiwèi?</span><span class="font9"> Note the use of the polite terms </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nín</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">něiwèi</span><span class="font9">. In the English translation, politeness is expressed by the use of the more indirect ’’Who </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">is this”</span><span class="font9"> instead of "Who </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">are you"</span><span class="font9"> and also by "please."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn</span><span class="font9">, "I haven’t seen you for quite a while," is interchangeable with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Wǒ yǒu dianr shì xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font9">: In No. 2 the word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9"> is a prepositional verb translated as "with." The preposition </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn,</span><span class="font9"> "with," differs from the conjunction </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9">, "and," in two important ways: a) where stress may be placed b) where the negative may be placed.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">(a) When </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9"> is used as the conjunction "and," both items being Joined are stressed and keep their tones. When </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9"> is used as the prepositional verb "with," a pronoun which follows is unstressed and loses its tone. Notice the contrasting tones on </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā</span><span class="font9"> in the following sentences:</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">WS gēn </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā</span><span class="font9"> dōu lái le. Both he and I came.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gēn </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ta</span><span class="font9"> lái. I’ll come with him.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">(b) To make negative a sentence containing the conjunction </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9">, "and," the negative is placed with the main verb. In sentences containing the prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9">, "with," the negative precedes the prepositional verb. (You have seen this pattern with other prepositional verbs, for example, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> Csee BIO, Unit 2, notes on Nos. 8-113.) Notice the contrasting positions of the negatives in the examples below:</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gēn tā dōu </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">meiyou</span><span class="font9"> qù. Neither he nor I went.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">meiyou</span><span class="font9"> gēn ta qù. I didn’t go with him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dāngmiàn</span><span class="font9"> means "face-to-face." Literally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dāng</span><span class="font9"> means "in the presence of," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">miàn</span><span class="font9"> means "face."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: You gōngfu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t know whether you have the time or not.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have the time.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōngfu</span><span class="font9">, "time," "free time," "leisure time," refers to a period of time during which a person is free, in the sense that his work may be interrupted.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Now you know three words for "time": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíhou</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíjiān</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngfu Shíhou</span><span class="font9"> may</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">be used for either a point in time or Nǐ shénme shíhou zou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huochē yào zou duō-shao shíhou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shíjiān</span><span class="font9"> refers to any amount of time, free.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Cong zhèr dào fēijīchāng yào duōshao shíjiān?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīntiān meiyou shíjiān qù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">an amount of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When are you leaving?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How long does it take to go by train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">including the time when a person is</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How long does it take from here to the airport ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There isn’t time to go today.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōngfu</span><span class="font9">, however, is used only for amounts of time which a person has available for his own use.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Are you free to talk with me?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ you meiyou gōngfu gēn wo tāntan?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Shenme shíhou duì nín héshì?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What time would suit you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Either today or tomorrow would be fine.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duì</span><span class="font9">, "to," "towards," "with regard to," "with respect to," is a prepositional verb which originally meant "facing." In modern Chinese, its object introduces either the target of the action or the thing concerned. Contrast this with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9">, "for": the object introduced by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi </span><span class="font9">receives the benefit of the action. These generalizations may help you sort out some of the differences between </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9">. You might find it helpful to memorize some examples, as well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font9"> INTRODUCING THE TARGET OF THE ACTION ("to")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nīde huà shi duì shéi shuōde? To whom were you speaking?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā duì wo hěn kèqi. He is very polite to me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ duì wo tài hǎo. You are too good to me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font9"> INTRODUCING THE THING CONCERNED ("with regard to," "with respect to")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? What time suits you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? What time is convenient for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that the English is "for you" in the last example, but in Chinese you must say "What time is convenient </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">with regard to</span><span class="font9"> you?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9"> INTRODUCING THE BENEFICIARY</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wō gěi ta xiěle xìn lé. I wrote him a letter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhè shi yìzhāng shíkuàide, Here’s a ten-dollar bill. Please</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">qǐng ni gěi wo huànhuan. change it for me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni gěi wo xiě nide dìzhǐ. Would you write down your address for me, please?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Héshì</span><span class="font9"> is an adjectival verb meaning "to fit," "to suit," "to be suitable/appropriate." When trying on clothes in a store, you might say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèige bù héshì</span><span class="font9">, "This doesn’t fit." In another situation, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">héshì </span><span class="font9">could be translated very freely as "best": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Něitiān duì nín héshì? </span><span class="font9">"What day would be best for you?"</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn zhōng fangbian ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Sāndiǎn bī liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Would two o’clock today be convenient?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Three would be more convenient than two.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sāndiǎn bī liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bī</span><span class="font9"> is a prepositional verb used to make comparisons between two things which are different.<a name="footnote14"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark166">14</a></sup> In translating, you may find it helpful to think of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bī</span><span class="font9"> as the English "compared with" or "than."<a name="footnote15"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark167">15</a></sup> Notice that the bī phrase precedes the adjectival verb or another predicate in a sentence.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Sāndiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">liǎngdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fāngbian yìdiǎnr.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(3 o’clock</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">than compared with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">2 o’clock</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">more convenient)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"Three is more convenient than two."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gōngfu.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">than compared with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">I.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">have</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">free time)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"He has more free time than I do."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The two elements being compared may be nouns, pronouns, verb phrases, or even full sentences. Actually, all elements joined by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bī</span><span class="font9"> act as nouns, as seen in the English translations of the examples below.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò fēijī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kuài.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(ride plane</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">than compared with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ride train</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fast)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Going by plane</span><span class="font9"> is faster than </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">going by train</span><span class="font9">."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ lái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12">bi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wǒ qù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fāngbian.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(you come</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">than compared with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">I go</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">convenient)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"It’s more convenient for you </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">to come</span><span class="font9"> than for me </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">to go</span><span class="font9">."</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. B: Yīnwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yǎxǔ Since I’m going out in a little liǎngdiǎn huíbulái. while, I might not (be able to)</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">get back by two.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yě hǎo. Three is fine also.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìhuǐr</span><span class="font9">, "a little while": When £ is added to a syllable ending in i_, the pronunciation changes to /er/. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìhuǐr</span><span class="font9"> is actually pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìhuěr</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sentence placement of time phrases</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu</span><span class="font9"> is translated as "I’m going out IN a little while." Contrast this with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr</span><span class="font9">, "I’m going out FOR a little while." Let’s review the placement of different kinds of time expressions in a Chinese sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If you want to say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">when</span><span class="font9"> something happens ("yesterday") or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">in how long </span><span class="font9">something happens ("in two years"), you are using time phrases which in Chinese are considered to be POINTS IN TIME. Not only is a time phrase such as "two o’clock" a point in time, but a phrase such as "five days" can also be a point in time if the focus is on the end of this period of time. In English, this focus is expressed by "</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">in</span><span class="font9"> five days," "</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">by the end of</span><span class="font9"> five days," or "</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">at the end of</span><span class="font9"> five days." In Chinese, you do not need to use words such as "in," "at," or "by" because the position of the time phrase in the sentence indicates the meaning. Time phrases which are considered points in time are placed BEFORE THE VERB.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">WHEN (a point in time)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuōtiān</span><span class="font9"> kànjian ta le. I saw him </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yesterday</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cōngqiān</span><span class="font9"> láiguo zhèli. I have been here </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">before</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎngdiǎn</span><span class="font9"> zhōng huílai. I’ll be back </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">at two o’clock</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn zhōng</span><span class="font9"> huíbulái. I can’t make it back </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">by one o’clock</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">AT THE END OF/BY THE END OF (a period of time which is treated as a point in time because the focus is on the end point)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">sāntiān</span><span class="font9"> jiu zuòwán le. I finished doing it </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">in (by the end of) three days</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǔfēn zhōng</span><span class="font9"> Jiu zǒu. I’m leaving </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">in (at the end of) five</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">minutes</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jǐtiān</span><span class="font9"> huílai? </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">In (at the end, of) how many days</span><span class="font9"> will</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">you come hack?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duōj iū</span><span class="font9"> keyi xiǎwan? </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">How long</span><span class="font9"> will it he before you can</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">finish writing it? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hy the end of how long</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">On the other hand, phrases which express CONTINUATION OF TIME have a different place in sentences. To express an amount of time which passes, put the time expression AFTER THE VERB.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">DURATION (the length of time something continues)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo xiǎng gēn tā tan </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìhuǐr</span><span class="font9">. I would like to talk with him </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">for</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">awhile</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài Xiānggāng zhùle </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge</span><span class="font9"> She stayed in Hong Kong </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">for one week</span><span class="font9">, xīngqī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">TIME SINCE (the length of time which has passed since something happened)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā sile </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">sānnián</span><span class="font9"> le. He died </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">three years ago</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zuòwánle </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge zhongtou</span><span class="font9"> le. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">It has heen an hour since</span><span class="font9"> I finished.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Because </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìhuǐr</span><span class="font9"> follows the verh in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr</span><span class="font9">, it indicates the length of time which will pass after I go out (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chūqu</span><span class="font9">). </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìhuǐr</span><span class="font9"> precedes the verh in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ yìhuǐr chuqu</span><span class="font9">, indicating when I will go out (”in a little while”).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yěxū</span><span class="font9"> literally means "perhaps.” The word is often used where "may" or "might" would he appropriate in English.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yěxǔ liǎngdiǎn huíhulāi</span><span class="font9">, "I might not (he ahle to) get hack hy two": Notice that this expression </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎngdiǎn</span><span class="font9">, in time-when position, before the verh, means "by" a certain time. Other time phrases in this position may also mean "by" a certain time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huíhulāi</span><span class="font9"> is another form of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huílai</span><span class="font9">, "to come back." Compound verbs of result may be split hy the negative </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bu</span><span class="font9"> or the syllable </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huílai</span><span class="font9"> may become either </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huídelāi</span><span class="font9">, "can come back," or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huíbulāi</span><span class="font9">, "can’t come back." These two forms are called the potential forms of the verb; that is, the meaning "can/be able to" or "cannot/unable to" becomes part of the meaning of the compound. The following are examples of compound verbs of result and their potential forms.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huílai to come back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huídelāi able to come back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huíbulāi not able to come back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kǎnjian to see</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kàndejiàn able to see</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kànbujiàn not able to see</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lāidejí able to make it on time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lāibují<a name="footnote16"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark168">16</a></sup> not able to make it on time</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">zuòwán zuodewán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zuōbuwán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Compound verbs of direction may also</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">nábushànglái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kāideshàngqu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kāidechūlái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">nābuxiàlāi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zoudexiàqu</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">to finish doing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">able to finished doing, able to be completed</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">not able to finish doing, not able to be completed</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">occur in the potential form:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">can’t carry up Cto where you are] (i.e., because something is too heavy or bulky)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">can drive up Eaway from you] (i.e., it is not too steep) can drive out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(i.e., the parking place is not too tight)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">can’t get tit] down</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(i.e., because it is too high, bolted on, etc.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">can walk down</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(i.e., because it is not too far or too steep)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that the last syllables of these compound verbs (except for toneless </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qu</span><span class="font9">) have full tones when they occur with -de- and -bu-.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">7. B: Nàme, wǒ sāndiān zhōng zài lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn Jiàn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Fine. I’ll see you at three.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Word order</span><span class="font9">: The first sentence of exchange 7 illustrates the rule TIME—PLACE—ACTION.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huìkèshì</span><span class="font9"> is also pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huìkèshǐ</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. huídelái</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. kòng(r)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. loushàng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. shāngliang</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. yǒu kòng(r)</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">to be able to get back in time free time, spare time upstairs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to discuss, to talk over</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to have free time</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here are some sentences illustrating the use of these vocabulary items:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ sāndiǎn zhōng </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huídelái</span><span class="font9"> Can you make it back by three o’clock? huíbulái?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Loushàng</span><span class="font9"> hái you rén? Are there still people upstairs?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng he nǐ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shāngliang</span><span class="font9"> I would like to talk over a matter yíjiàn shì. with you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ Jīntiān xiàwǔ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu kòngr</span><span class="font9"> Do you have time this afternoon? ma?</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark169"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark170"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Zhāng Kēzhǎng (I have something I</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">would like to talk with you about in person.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">tā</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn tā dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wèi Wǔguān</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wèi Wǔguān dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǎng Shàoxiào</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wǎng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Lin Xiānsheng</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Lin Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tǎntan. Liu Kēzhǎng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I have something I would like to talk with Section Chief Zhāng about in person.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn tā dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wèi Wǔguān tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wǎng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Lin Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liú Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nín míngtiān lǎi ma? (Are you coming tomorrow?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tā zǒu le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Has he gone?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Bù zhǐdào nín míngtiān lǎi bu lǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I don’t know whether you are coming tomorrow or not.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù zhǐdào tā zǒu le meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I don’t know whether he has gone or not.)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nín yǒu gōngfu ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù zhīdào nín yǒu gōngfu meiyou.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zuétiān qù le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù zhīdào tā zuotiān qù le meiyou</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā you qiān ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù zhīdào tā you qián meiyou.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā hái yào ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù zhīdào tā hái yào bu yào.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā mǎi le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bù zhīdào tā mǎi le meiyou.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Shenme shíhou duì nín héshì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) sāndiǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What time would suit you?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīèr</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zài jīléu duì nín héshì? wǔlōu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? zāoshang</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? wǎnshang</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Jīdiǎn duì nín héshì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">shídiǎn</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Sāndiǎn duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Would three o’clock suit you?)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Xīngqīèr duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài wǔlou duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zāoshang duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǎnshang duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shídiǎn duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">D. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Shénme shíhou duì nín heshì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) jīntiān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What time would suit you?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì? sāndiǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. XīngqīJǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīyī</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Jǐhào duì nín héshì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">sìhào</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? shàngwǔ</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīliù</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi (Either today or tomorrow would be fine.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sāndiǎn, sìdiǎn dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīngqīyī, Xīngqīèr dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sìhào, wǔhào dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shàngwǔ, xiàwǔ dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān, hòutiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Shénme dìfang duì nín fāngbian?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) loushàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(What place would be convenient for you?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? sāndiǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Jǐhào duì nín fāngbian? liùhào</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Něitiān duì nín fāngbian? míngtiān</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? shàngwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Loushàng duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi louxià duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Would upstairs or downstairs be more convenient for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sāndiǎn duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi sìdiǎn duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Liùhào duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi qíhào duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi hòutiān duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shàngwǔ duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi xiàwǔ duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">6. XīngqīJi dui nin fāngbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīngqīsān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Jīdiǎn duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">J iùdiǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Sāndiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎn. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) sìdiǎn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Three o’clock is a little more convenient.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Sānhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">wuhào</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Lǒushàng fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">louxià</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tāde qiān duō yìdiǎn. wōde</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā qù hǎo yìdiǎn. wǒ qù</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā dà yìdiǎn. wǒ</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zhèige dà yìdiǎn. nèige</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā shuōde kuài yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(He speaks a little fast.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā lǎide zǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā zǒude wǎn yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zuòde hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā mǎide shǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Xīngqīsān duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi Xīngqīsì duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiùdiǎn duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi shídiǎn duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">:' Sāndiǎn bī sìdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Three o’clock is a little more convenient than four o’clock.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sānhào bī wùhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Loushàng bī louxià fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāde qiǎn bī wǒde duō yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā qù bī wǒ qù hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bī wǒ dà yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèige bī nèige dà yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā shuōde bī wǒ kuài yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He speaks a little faster than I do.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā lǎide bī wo zǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zǒude bī wǒ wǎn yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zuòde bī wǒ hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā mǎide bī wǒ shǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā màide duō yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā màide bǐ wǒ duō yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā xuéde màn yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xuéde bǐ wǒ màn yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ shénme shíhou chūqu? (What time are you going out?)</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Nǐ chūqu duō jiǔ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(For how long are you going out?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ shénme shíhou chūlai?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐ qù duo jiǔ?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā shénme shíhou lāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā kàn du<5 jiǔ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. N? shénme shíhou zǒu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ yìhuǐr Jiù chūqu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’m going out in just a little while.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ jiù chūqu yìhuǐr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’m just going out for a little while.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo yìhuǐr jiù chūlai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo jiù qù yìhuǐr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā yìhuǐr jiù lāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā jiù kàn yìhuǐr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù zǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zhāng Xiānsheng míngtiān huídelāi huíbulāi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Will Mr. Zhāng be able to come back tomorrow?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wāng Nushì Xíngqīsì huídelāi huíbulāi?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Lī Téngzhì shíyídiǎn huídelāi huíbulāi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshihào huídelāi huíbulāi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wài Shàoxiào zhèige yuè huídelāi huíbulāi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhāng Xiānsheng hòutiān cāi huílai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Mr. Zhāng won’t be able to come back until day after tomorrow.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wāng Nushì Xíngqīwǔ cāi huílai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lǐ Téngzhì shíèrdiǎn cāi huílai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lin Kēzhǎng èrshiyīhào cāi huílai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wèi Shàoxiào xiàge yuè cāi huílai</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Yang Xiānsheng zaoshang huídelāi Yang Xiānsheng wanshang cái huílai. huíhulāi?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zhao Tōngzhì jīntiān huídelāi Zhao Tongzhi míngtiān cái huílai.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">huíhulāi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">J. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Name, wǒ zài zhèr děng nín.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) in a moment (In that case, I’ll wait for you here.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Name, wǒ zài louxià deng ta. for a moment</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nàme, wǒ zài lǒushàng deng ta. at one o’clock</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín. for ten minutes</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nàme, wǒ zài tā jiā děng nín. in a moment</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nàme, wǒ zài xiāomàihù děng nín. for five minutes</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta. for a moment</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Name, wǒ yìhuǐr zài zhèr děng nín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(in that case, in a moment I’11 wait for you here.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàme, wǒ zài louxià děng ta yìhuǐr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàme, wǒ yìdiān zhōng zài loushàng děng ta.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín shífēn zhōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàme, wǒ yìhuǐr zài tā jiā děng nín</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàme, wǒ zài xiāomàihù. děng nín wǔfēn zhōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta yìhuǐr.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nèitiān wōmen you shi, bù néng qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) no way of going</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(That day we have a previous engagement; we cannot go.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nèitiān women you shi, méi bànfa qù. cannot go together</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqǐ qù. not all of us can go</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng dōu qù. none of us can go</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nèitiān women you shi, dōu bù néng qù. did not go</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù. not all of us went</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nèitiān women you shi, méi dōu qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Nèitiān wōmen you shi, méi bànfa qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(That day we have a previous engagement; we have no way of going.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqǐ qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng dōu qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèitiān women you shi, dōu bù néng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèitiān women you shi, méi dōu qù.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ yǐjīhg zhuǎngào dàshǐ le. nǐ</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yǐjīng tì nǐ zhuǎngào dàshǐ le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ míngtiān Jiù zhuǎngào dàshǐ. nǐ</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ míngtiān Jiù tì nǐ zhuǎngào dàshǐ.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">T. Tā shi zuǒtiān zhuǎngào dàhǐde. ni</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi zuǒtiān tì ni zhuǎngào dàshǐde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Ē. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tāmen míngtiān lǎi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) together</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(They are coming tomorrow.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tāmen zuǒtiān lǎi le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) together</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(They came yesterday.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā míngtiān zǒu. alone</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā zuotiān zǒu le. alone</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǎng Tǒngzhì míngtiān qù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎnj īng. hy train</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǎng Tǒngzhì Xīngqīyī qù Shànghǎi le. by plane</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā qù le. alone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tāmen míngtiān yìqi lǎi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Are they coming together tomorrow?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen zuǒtiān shi yìzǐ lǎide ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Did they come together yesterday?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā míngtiān yíge ren zǒu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zuǒtiān shi yíge ren zǒude ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǎng Tǒngzhì míngtiān zuò huǒchē qù Nǎnjīng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǎng Tǒngzhì Xīngqīyī shi zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎide ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yíge rén qùde ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiě le ma? not yet</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā jiēzháo qǐngtiě le ma? no</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě le ma? yes</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Women hái méi jiēzháo Dashiguande qǐngtiě.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā bù néng lái. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) kěxī</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(He cannot come.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo. kěxī</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā méi lái. yíhàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tāmen bù néng dōu lái. bàoqiàn</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tāmen dōu bù lái. kěxī</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tāmen dōu bù néng qù. bàoqiàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā hái méi qù. yíhàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Hěn kěxī, tā bù néng lái. (Unfortunately, he cannot come.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hěn kěxī, tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hěn yíhàn, tā méi lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen bù néng dōu lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hěn kěxī, tāmen dōu bù lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen dōu bù néng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hěn yíhàn, tā hái méi qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">D. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please inform Minister Zhāng.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le. ni</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā hái méi zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. nǐ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā bù néng zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. wǒ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Qǐng ni tì wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please inform Minister Zhāng for me.) -</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā hái méi tì ni zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bù néng tì wǒ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark171"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark172"></a>PRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā zài Wàijiāobù Lībīnsī gōngzuò.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) wùlóu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs EinU the Protocol Department.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. qīlóu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā zài Jiānǎdà Dàshiguǎn gōngzuò . lōushàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā zài Beijing gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Guānghuá Lù</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhāng Tongzhì zài Shànghǎi gōngzuò. Nǎnjīng Lù</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǎng Nushì zài yínhǎng gōngzuò. èrlōu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. sānlóu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā zài Wàijiāebù Lǐbīnsī gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài wulóu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ein3 the Protocol Department. His office is on the fifth floor.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài qīlóu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài Jiānǎdà Dàshiguǎn gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài loushàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài Bǎijīng gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Guānghuǎ Lù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Tongzhì zài Shànghǎi gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Nǎnjīng Lù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǎng Nushì zài yínhǎng gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāde bàngōngshì zài èrlóu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wuguānchù gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài sānlóu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Dàshǐ jiēzhǎo qǐngtiǎ le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) not yet</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Has the ambassador received the invitation yet?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tāmen dōu jiǎzhǎo qǐngtiǎ le ma? not all</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐmen jiēzhǎo Bùzhǎngde qǐngtiǎ le ma? yes</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Tāmen jiēzhǎo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiǎ le ma? already</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Dàshǐ hǎi mei jiēzhǎo qǐngtiǎ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(The ambassador has not received the invitation yet.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen mei dōu jiēzhǎo qǐngtiǎ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women jiēzhǎo Bùzhǎngde qǐngtiǎ le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen yǐjīng jiēzhǎo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiǎ le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Xīwang yīhòu zài zhao jīhui I hope that later we will find jùyijù ba. another opportunity to get together.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo a. Okay.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">dàjiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">everybody, everyone</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">j iēdao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to receive (alternate form for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">j iēzhǎo</span><span class="font9">)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">tóngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">fellow worker, colleague</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yǐnggāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">should, ought to, must</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Literally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàjiā</span><span class="font9"> means "big family.” When </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàjiā</span><span class="font9"> is the subject of a sentence, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9"> is often placed before the verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dàjiā dōu zhīdao tā shi shéi. Everyone knows who he is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xièxie dàjiā. Thank you all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng dàjiā zuòxialai. Would everyone please sit down.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women dàjiā yìqǐ qù ba. Let’s all go together.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǐnggāi</span><span class="font9"> is an auxiliary verb, which is followed by another verb in a sentence. Only </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9"> is used to make </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐnggāi</span><span class="font9"> negative.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Bú xiè, zhèi shi women yīng-gāi zuòde shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèijiàn shìqing hen yàojin, ni yǐnggāi mǎshàng qù bàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yíge dàxué bìyède rén, bù yǐnggāi you zhèiyangde xiǎngfa.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t thank us. This is something we should be doing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This is a very important thing; you should (go) take care of it right away.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Someone who has graduated from college shouldn’t think this way.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">from an outside authority or may be self-imposed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī kéyi zǒu le. You may leave.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Cong zhèige men jìnqu, kéyi May one go in through this door? ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàrde fan kéyi chi. The food there may be eaten, (i.e.,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">it is possible to eat it)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bù shūfu, bù kéyi youyǒng. I don’t feel good; I can’t go swimming. (i.e., the speaker decides that he should not go)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The core meaning of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui</span><span class="font9"> is "to know how to," "can." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hui</span><span class="font9"> is often used for an activity that was learned, in contrast to </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font9"> for activities that "can be done" because of a person’s physical condition ("Can she get out of bed yet?" </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā néng bu néng xià chuáng?</span><span class="font9">). The other main use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui</span><span class="font9"> is to indicate possibility. Here it overlaps with both </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font9"> in meaning "could be/ is possible."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nīde érzi hui zǒu lù le ma? Can your son walk now? (BABY LEARNING TO WALK)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī hui shuō Yīngwén ma? Can you speak English?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān hui xià yǔ. It might/will rain tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bù hui bù lái. It is not possible that he won’t come.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. B: Zhēn bù qiǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Neitiān women you shì, méi bànfa qù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">We really couldn’t make that.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù qiǎo</span><span class="font9"> literally means "inopportune," "not timely."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Méi bànfa</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bànfa</span><span class="font9"> means "method," "way." Within a sentence, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi bànfa </span><span class="font9">is used as "there is no way to...," "there is no way that...." Used independently, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi bànfa</span><span class="font9"> means "nothing can be done," "it can't be helped," "there is no way out."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9"> ni mǎi cài. I will "buy groceries for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(WHO PAYS? DID YOU VOLUNTEER ONLY</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">TO SHOP, OR TO PAY ALSO?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font9"> ni mǎi cài. I will "buy groceries for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(CLARIFIED: YOU HAVE VOLUNTEERED ONLY TO SHOP, NOT TO PAY.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíxià</span><span class="font9">, "a ‘bit,’’ is not translated in No. U. This word adds to the action in the sentence a casual feeling, similar to the effect of reduplicating a verb. (Notice that this use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíxià</span><span class="font9"> is different from previous examples, where the word meant "for a little while.")</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women you jige tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua dào Chǎngchéng qù wánr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqǐ qù?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall Saturday for an outing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can you go with us?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tóngxué</span><span class="font9"> means "fellow student" or "graduate of the same institution." "Fellow worker" or "colleague" is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tongshi</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Changchéng</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chang</span><span class="font9"> means "long," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéng</span><span class="font9"> is an old word for "city wall." The full name of the Great Wall is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wànlǐ Chǎngchéng</span><span class="font9">, literally "10,000 lī-long wall."<a name="footnote17"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark173">17</a></sup></span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Néng, kéyi, and hui compared</span><span class="font9">: and therefore state verbs—mean "</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The core meaning of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font9"> is "can, In some cases, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font9"> may also mean is possible," and "to know how to.'</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒde tou téng, bù néng kàn shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shàng kède shíhou, bù néng shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhījiāgē Shíyīyuè jiù néng xià xuě.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhēn néng shuō huà.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">All three of these auxiliary verbs— can" to some extent.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"to be able to," "to be capable of." may," "to be permitted," "could be/</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">My head aches; I can’t read.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Talking is not permitted during class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It can snow in November in Chicago (POSSIBILITY)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He really knows how to talk.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The core meaning of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font9"> is "can," "may," "to be permitted to." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kéyi</span><span class="font9"> may also mean "could be/is possible." The permission implied by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font9"> may come</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā yǒu shì, Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lái.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please inform Minister Qiao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m very sorry.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">A: Qǐng ni zhuangào Qiao Bùzhǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hen bàoqiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kěxǐ</span><span class="font9"> may be used as an exclamation: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhēn kěxǐ!</span><span class="font9"> "That’s really too bad!"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhuǎngào</span><span class="font9"> means "to pass along Eword of something!)." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhuǎn</span><span class="font9"> literally means "to turn" or "to transmit." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gào</span><span class="font9"> means "to tell," as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bàoqiàn</span><span class="font9"> is an adjectival verb that means "to be sorry," "to feel apologetic" (e.g., for not fulfilling one’s social obligations). Literally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bào</span><span class="font9"> means "to embrace Ea feeling!," "to harbor Ea feeling!." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qiàn</span><span class="font9"> means "apologetic feelings," "guilt feelings."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. B: Hen yíhàn, Laidēng Dàshǐ bù néng lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I will pass on the message for you.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. H</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíhàn</span><span class="font9"> is a formal term used to express disappointment or regret that something desirable will not happen.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tì</span><span class="font9">, "for," "in place of," is a prepositional verb meaning in place of another, or in another’s stead.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīntiān wǒ tì nǐ jiāo shū. I will teach for you today, (i.e., in your place)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tì nī qù. I will go for you. (i.e. , instead</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">of you)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To make a sentence containing </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font9"> negative, place </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font9"> in front of the prepositional verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bú yào tì ni qù mǎi cài. I don’t want to go to buy groceries for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā méi tì wǒ lái jiǎng huà. He did not come to speak in my place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Both </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font9"> may be translated as "for." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi</span><span class="font9">, having a wider range of usage, would seem to overlap in some instances with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font9">. The more exact meaning of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font9"> may be used to clarify a situation.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark71"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark174"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lībīnsī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wèi, wo shi Láidēng Dàshǐde mishū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. This is the Protocol Department.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Libīnsī</span><span class="font9">, meaning "protocol department," is made up of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lī</span><span class="font9">, "ceremony"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bīn</span><span class="font9">, "honored guests"; and sī, "department."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mishū</span><span class="font9"> means "secretary" in two senses: 1) a high-ranking official 2) a clerk-typist.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Dàshī jiēzháo nīmende qǐngtiě le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">The ambassador received your invitation.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiē</span><span class="font9">, "to receive," may be used for receiving guests, mail, messages, and phone calls.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiēzháo</span><span class="font9"> (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiēdao</span><span class="font9">), "to receive," is a compound verb of result. The endings -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zháo</span><span class="font9"> and -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font9"> mean approximately the same thing: "to successfully obtain something" </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiēzháo</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiēdao</span><span class="font9"> occur in four ways: with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">mei</span><span class="font9"> (describing ACTUAL situations) and with -de- or -bu- (describing POTENTIAL situations)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zuótiān qù huochēzhàn jiē ta, keshi méi jiēzháo/ jiēdào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī zǎo yìdiǎnr qù jiē ta, jiù jiēdezháo/jiēdedào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān yàoshi láiwǎnle jiù jiēbuzháo/jiēbudào tāde diànhuà.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Yesterday I went to the train station to get him, but I missed him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If you go a little earlier, (then) you can get him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If I am late tomorrow, (then) I won’t (be able to) receive his phone call.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐngtiě</span><span class="font9"> refers to a written invitation. The word is also pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐngtiě</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">nánbù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">the southern part (of the island), the south</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shàngxiào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tīngdechūlái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">colonel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be able to recognize what something is from the sound</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tóngxuéhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">alumni association (literally, ’’fellow-student group’’)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tōngzhī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">xièxie tāde yāoqǐng zhèngzhi xuéxí zhuchí jiéhūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(written) announcement, notification to thank him for his invitation political study session</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to preside at a marriage ceremony (i.e., to give the bride away)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒng Jīnglǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">general manager (chief executive officer)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(introduced in Communication</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Game</span><span class="font9">)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">dàngāo qìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">cake</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">cheese</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark70"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark175"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">(introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">cānjiā dào xī dìèrtiān Jīng j ibù jūnshì yǎnxí láodòng mófàn</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bànfa bàoqiàn bùzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">method, way to be sorry minister (of a government</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">organization)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Chángchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">the Great Wall</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dà j iā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">everybody, everyone</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to receive (mail, messages, guests,</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">phone calls)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiēdào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to receive</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Jù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to assemble</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">JfcyìJù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to get together</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kěxī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">unfortunately, what a pity</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Lībīnsī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Protocol Department (PRC)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">méi bànfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">there’s no way out, it can’t</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">be helped</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">mìshū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">secretary, executive assistant</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">qiǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be timely, to be opportune</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">qīngtiě (qīngtiē)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">written invitation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">tì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">substituting for, in place of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">tongshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">fellow worker, colleague</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tóngxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">classmate</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to regret (that something desirable</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">will not happen)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yīnggāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">should, ought to, must</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhuǎngào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to pass on a message, to inform</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">to participate in, to join, to attend to congratulate the next day</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ministry of Economics</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">military maneuvers model worker</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark176"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark177"></a>UNIT 8</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark178"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark179"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lībīnsī.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wèi, wǒ shi Laiděng Dàshī-de mishū.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. A: Dàshī jiēzháo nīmende qīngtiě le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Hěn kěxī, yīnwei tā you shì, Báyuè jiù hào bu neng lái.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Qīng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hěn bàoqiàn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. B: Hěn yíhàn, Láiděng Dàshī bù neng lái.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Mǎ Mínglī, women you jige tongxué Xīngqīliù jìhua dào Chángchéng qù wánr.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nīmen neng bu neng yìqī qù?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. B: Zhēn bù qiǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nèitiān women you shì, méi bànfa qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Xīwang yīhòu zài zhǎo jīhui jùyijù ba.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo a.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. This is the Protocol Department.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The ambassador received your invitation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please inform Minister Qiáo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m very sorry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I will pass on the message for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Mǎ Mínglī, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall Saturday for an outing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can you go with us?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We really couldn’t make that.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I hope that late we will find an other opportunity to get together.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. dàjiā</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. jiēdào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. tǒngshì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. yīnggāi</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">everybody, everyone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to receive (alternate form of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiēzháo</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">fellow worker, colleague</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">should, ought to, must</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ xiànzài lái ma? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) mǎshàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Are you coming now?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā badiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā shídiǎn zhōng qù ma? zuǒyòu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen xiànzài zǒu ma? mǎshàng</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tāmen báhào qù ma? zuǒyōu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tāmen jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7- Ni shíhào zài Niǔ Yuē ma? zuǒyōu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ mǎshàng lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’m coming right away.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shídiǎn zhōng zuǒyōu qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women mǎshàng zǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen báhào zuǒyōu qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen chàbuduō jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shíhào zuǒyōu zài Niǔ Yuē.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ kànjianguo.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi Wang Xiǎojiěde gēge.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ kanjianguo, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zhīdào tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde gēge, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Chàbuduō bànge zhōng-tóu jiù dào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’ll be there in about half an hour.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Chàbuduō yào yíge zhōngtóu.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā zhùle chàbuduō sāntiān.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā chàbuduō wǔshísuì le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nèiběn shū chàbuduō yào shíkuài qián.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Chàbuduō yào zǒu sishiwufēn zhōng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Chàbuduō sānge xīngqī.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Bànge zhōngtóu zuǒyòu jiù dào. (i’ll be there in about half an hour.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yào yíge zhōngtóu zuǒyòu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhùle sāntiān zuǒyòu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā wǔshísuì zuǒyòu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèiběn shū yào shíkuài qián zuǒyòu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yào zǒu sishiwufēn zhōng zuǒyòu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sānge xīngqī zuǒyòu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) yījiǔsìwǔnián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He graduated, from the University of California. )</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. yījiǔwǔliùnián</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā shi Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔliùqīnián</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā shi Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède. yījiǔliùèrnián</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā shi Běijīng Dàxué bìyède. yījiǔsìqīnián</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā shi Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānlíngnián</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā shi Nanjīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānqīnián</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Tā shi yījiǔsìwǔnián Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(In 19^+5 he graduated from the University of California.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yījiǔwǔliùnián Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yījiǔliùqīnián Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yījiǔliùèrnián Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yījiusìqīnián Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yījiǔsānlíngnián Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yījiǔsānqīnián Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Wō kànjianguo zhèige zì.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I have seen this character before.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Wō zhīdào tā shi shéi. (I know who he is.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wō kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wō qùguo nèige dìfang.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wō zhīdào tā shi Lī Kēzhǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wō kànjianguo zhèige zì, kēshi wō bú rènshi zhèige zì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I have seen this character before, but I don’t recognize it.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wō zhīdào tā shi shéi, kēshi wō bú rènshi ta.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I know who he is, but I’m not acquainted with him.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wō kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě, kēshi wō bú rènshi Zhāng Xiǎojiě.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wō qùguo nèige dìfang, kēshi wō bú rènshi nèige dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wō zhīdào tā shi Lī Kēzhǎng, kēshi wō bú rènshi Lī Kēzhǎng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā shi něiniān dào Zhōngguo qùde wǒ wàng le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Women zài náli huàn chē wǒ wàngji le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Yínhāng jīdiǎn zhōng guān men wǒ wàng le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi něiniān dào Zhōngguo qùde wǒ wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women zài náli huàn chē wǒ wàngji le, ni hái jìde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yínhāng jīdiǎn zhōng guān men wǒ wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàilaide.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) zhèli</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(l have heard he was just sent over.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. nàli</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pàilaide. Táiběi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pàiqude. Táinán</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pàilaide. Taizhōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. Gāoxiǒng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pàilaide. zhèli</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I have heard he was just sent over here.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào nàli qùde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pài dào Táiběi láide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pài dào Táinán qùde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pài dào Táizhōng láide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào Gāo-xiong qùde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide.</span></p>
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark180"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark181"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">A. Transformation</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font9">Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I have something I would like to ask you about.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Nèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would like to ask you about that matter.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ yǒu hen duō shì xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zhèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Tāde shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ yǒu jījiàn shì xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐde nèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting yíjiàn shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would like to ask you something .)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nèijiàn shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would like to ask you about that matter.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hen duō shì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting zhèi' jiàn shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting tāde shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting jǐjiàn shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nǐde nèijiàn shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I have forgotten his given name.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tāde dìzhī wǒ wàngji le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā shénme shíhou lǎi wǒ wàng le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nèibān fēijī jǐdiān zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng le, nǐ hǎi jìde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I have forgotten his given name. Do you remember it?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāde dìzhǐ wǒ wàngji le, nī hǎi jìde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shénme shíhou lǎi wǒ wàng le, ni hǎi jìde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèibān fēijī jīdiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le, nì hǎi jìde ma?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng bǎ yǐzi bānqilai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng nǐmen zhànqilai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige zì wo xiǎngqilai le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuǒyòu</span><span class="font9"> (literally, "left-right") Wo wǔdiǎn zuǒyōu lǎi Jiē ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ qù mǎi diǎnr píngguǒ, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yào duōshǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sānjīn zuǒyòu jiù gòu le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Please lift up the chair.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please stand up.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I remember that character.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">means "approximately," "about."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I will come to get you about five o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How about going to buy some apples?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How many do you want?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">About three catties should be enough</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required. Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìde</span><span class="font9">, "to remember," acts like a state verb.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ jìde Wang Xiao Ming ma? Jìde. Tā shi wǒ àiren dàxuéde tóngxué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo zuótiān bú J ide tā xing shénme. Jīntiān you xiāngqilai le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Do you remember Wang Xiao Ming?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I remember (him). He is my spouse’s college classmate.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yesterday I couldn’t remember what his name is. Today I remembered it (again).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rènde</span><span class="font9">, "to recognize," "to know," is usually interchangeable with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9">. Both </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènde</span><span class="font9"> are most often made negative with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ rènde ta ma? Do you know him?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú rènde. No.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā lù yě bú rènde. He doesn’t even know the way.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women qùniān hái bú rènde. We did not know each other last year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wang</span><span class="font9">, "to forget," is an action verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn róngyi bǎ ren míngzi I forget people’s names very easily, wàng le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nīmen dōu bǎ chēpiào nálai Did all of you bring your bus tickets? le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ wàng le. I forgot (mine).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ méi wàng. I didn’t forget.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wánquán</span><span class="font9">, "completely," is an adverb used to modify verbs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiěde zì wánquán duì. The character he wrote is completely</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā wánquán bù dong. He doesn’t understand any part of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">this.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ wánquán bù zhīdào zhèijiàn I don’t know anything about this shì. matter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiāngqilai</span><span class="font9">, "to think of," "to remember," is a compound verb of result. It is made up of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font9">, "to think"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐ</span><span class="font9">, "to rise"; and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font9">, "to come."<a name="footnote18"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark182">18</a></sup> As an ending showing result, -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐlái</span><span class="font9"> may have either its literal meaning of "to come up" or more abstract meanings such as "to come to mind."<a name="footnote19"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark183">19</a></sup></span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nà shi yige hen dàde wèntí. That’s a hig problem.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ you wèntí ma?</span><span class="font9"> could mean either "Do you have any questions?" or "Are you having any problems?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Xíng. That will be fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì I’ll come to your office right away, lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu jiù I’ll be there in about half an hour, dào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The adverb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎshàng</span><span class="font9"> (literally, "on horseback") means "</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">imm</span><span class="font9">ediatsly "right away."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chàbuduō</span><span class="font9"> may be translated fairly literally as "does not differ much." Other translations are "about," "approximately," "almost."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Chabuduō bādiǎn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèběn shū wǒ chàbuduō kànwán le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàge xuexiào you chàbuduō sānbǎige xuésheng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. j ide</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9- rènde</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. rènshi zì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. wàng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. wánquán</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. xiǎngqilai</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">1H. zuǒyòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">It is nearly eight o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have almost finished reading this book.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">They are coming at around eight o’clock,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That school has approximately three hundred students.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to remember</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to recognize, to know (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to know how to read (literally, "to recognize characters")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to forget (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàngji</span><span class="font9">, especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">completely</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to think of, to remember</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">approximat ely</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Bú. rènshi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suoyi xiǎng qǐng ni gěi wo jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t know him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué hìyède</span><span class="font9">, "graduated from the University of California": The name of a school or a word describing the type of school may stand in front of the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bìyè</span><span class="font9"> with no preceding prepositional verb, such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cong</span><span class="font9">, "from."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ érzi yǐjīng dàxué/zhōng- Has your son graduated from college/ xué/xiǎoxué bìyè le ma? high school/elementary school</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">already?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā dàxué hái méi bìyè ne. He has not graduated from college yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. He graduated from Taiwan University.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">at," or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cong</span><span class="font9">, "from."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What high school did you graduate from?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I graduated last year from the University of Texas.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I graduated from Běijīng University in *78.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bìyè</span><span class="font9"> may also be preceded by either </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">, Nǐ shi zài neige zhōngxué bìyède?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ qùnián cóng Dézhōu Dàxué bìyè le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shi qībānián cong Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bìyè</span><span class="font9">, meaning "to complete a course of study," is a compound made up of a verb plus a general object. For this reason, the object yè may be separated from the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bì</span><span class="font9">. This separation occurs most frequently in sentences containing the </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shì... de</span><span class="font9"> construction.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yījiǔqīliùnián bide yè. He graduated in 1976.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. B: Méi wèntí. Wo kànkan...hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">No problem. I’ll take a look</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay, we are both free now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can you come now?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The noun </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèntí</span><span class="font9"> can mean "question," "problem," or "difficulty." Tā wènle hǎoduō wèntí. He asked a lot of questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rènshi</span><span class="font9"> the state verh means "to know" in the sense of "to he acquainted with," "to he familiar with," "to recognize." As an action verh, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi </span><span class="font9">means "to meet," "to get acquainted with."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(STATE VERB)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ rènshi Zhāng Guōquán ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni rènshi ta ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women hú tài rènshi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women qùnián hái hú rènshi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(ACTION VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zài Měiguode shíhou, rènshile hěn duō Měiguo niánqīng ren.<a name="footnote20"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark184">20</a></sup></span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shi qiánnián rènshi tade.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige shíhou women hái méi rènshi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Do you know Zhang Guoquán?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Do you know him?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We are not too well acquainted.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We did not know each other yet last year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When I was in America, I met a lot of young Americans.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I met him the year before last.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">At that time we had not yet met.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shi yíge hěn hāode rén, He is a very good person; you should nǐ yinggāi rènshi renshi.<a name="footnote21"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark185">21</a></sup> get to know him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">As a state verh, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9"> is used for "knowing" or "recognizing" Chinese characters.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī rènshi duōshaoge Zhōngguo How many Chinese characters do you zì? know/recognize?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ rènshi zhèige zì ma? Do you recognize this character?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Contrast the meanings of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9">, "to know" a person; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9">, "to know </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">of"</span><span class="font9"> a person</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9"> Táng Xiaojiě ma? Do you </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">know</span><span class="font9"> Miss Táng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9"> ta, dànshi women I </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">know of</span><span class="font9"> her, hut we haven’t met.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">méi jiànguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When a place is being discussed, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9"> means "to know how to get Ethereǐ." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǐdao</span><span class="font9"> continues to mean "to know of Ca placeǐ."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9"> nèige diànyǐngyuàn Do you </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">know how to get to</span><span class="font9"> that movie ma? theater?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9"> nèige diànyǐngyuàn Do you </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">know of</span><span class="font9"> that movie theater? ma?</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pài dào...lái</span><span class="font9"> is a three-part verb: action verb (also prepositional verb (must take an object), and directional</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ACTION PREPOSITIONAL DIRECTIONAL</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">VERB VERB OBJECT VERB</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">expressing MOTION), verb (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù</span><span class="font9">)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">pǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shānshang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù</span></p></td><td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">"to run up on the hill"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"to move it into here"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"to take it to school"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"to walk to the back"</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lái</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ná</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xuéxiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qù</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hòubianr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lái</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme</span><span class="font9">, "why," "how come," "how is it that...,"<a name="footnote22"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark186">22</a></sup> is a more colloquial and challenging word for "why" than </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishénme</span><span class="font9">. Only a reason or an explanation is requested by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishénme</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme</span><span class="font9"> expresses more, emphasizing the speaker’s surprise or lack of understanding.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nimende bàngōngshì zěnme How is it that your office is so zènme xiǎo? small?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā fùmù dōu shuō Zhōngguo huà, tā zěnme bú hui shuō?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zènme yàojinde shi, wo zěnme wangle zuò le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ zěnme bú niàn shū ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ zěnme bù shuō huà? You shénme bù gāoxìngde shi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Both his parents speak Chinese. How is it that he can’t?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">How could I have forgotten to do such an important thing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How come you’re not studying?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How come you’re not saying anything? Is there something you are unhappy about ?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">The meaning of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zěnme</span><span class="font9"> is sometimes Ni zěnme lái le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni (shi) zěnme láide?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">affected by the aspect marker used:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How come you are here? (i.e., "What are you doing here?")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How did you get here? (i.e., by what means of transportation)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Míngzi</span><span class="font9"> means "name"—of an object, a place, or a person (GIVEN NAME). Occasionally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">míngzi</span><span class="font9"> is used, for a person’s full name (surname and given name). This usage is more common in the PRC.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàngji</span><span class="font9"> is a verb meaning "to forget"—used especially in reference to forgetting facts. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàng</span><span class="font9">, "to forget," is more commonly used for forgetting to do something. The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìde</span><span class="font9"> means "to remember."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. B: Bu cuò, Fang Deming shi shàngge lǐbài pài dào women zhèli láide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zěnme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s right. Fang Deming was sent over here last week.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why? Do you know him?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bu cuo</span><span class="font9"> means not bad in the sense of pretty good," "pretty well," "all right."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni zěnmeyàng? How are things going?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú cuò. Not bad.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In the first sentence of No. U, bú</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font9">cuò means "that’s right, your information</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">is not wrong."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Li Xiānsheng, nī gang cong Xianggang huílai, shì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bú cuò, wǒ shi zuǒtiān huílaide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here are more examples of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú cuò</span><span class="font9">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige fànguānzide cài zhēn bú cuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde bú cuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Mr. Lī, you just got back from Hong Kong, didn’t you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s right. I got back yesterday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That restaurant really has pretty good food.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He speaks Chinese pretty well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In the first example, notice that an adverb precedes </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú cuò</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhēn bú cuò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Shénme shì?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Tǐngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng, shi gang pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What is it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fang join you, who has just been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tīngshuō</span><span class="font9"> corresponds to the English "I hear that....’’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">...láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng</span><span class="font9">, ’’there came a Mr. Fāng’’: While "a" and ’’the” are used in English to distinguish between indefinite and definite, word order accomplishes the same distinction in Chinese. The subject ”A Mr. Fāng” is placed AFTER the verb because the subject is indefinite. With an indefinite subject following the verb, information preceding the verb may give location, time, or other scene-setting details.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèr xīn kāile yige hen A very good restaurant opened here</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hāode fànguānzi. recently.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuotiān láile yìxiē Rìběn Some Japanese came yesterday, ren.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yǐjīng qùle wùbāige ren. Five hundred people have already</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gone there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Verbs of appearing and verbs of disappearing (”to come,” ’’to discover,” ”to happen/occur”) introduce indefinite subjects, as do the words </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu </span><span class="font9">and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒude</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wàibian yǒu jige ren zhāo nī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yǒude ren bù xīhuan hē chá.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Some situations may be described with</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuotiān yǒu yige ren lái zhāo nī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuotiān láile yige ren yào zhāo ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There are some people outside who want to see you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Some people don’t like to drink tea either </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu</span><span class="font9"> or another verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yesterday there was someone here looking for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yesterday someone was here who was looking for you to talk with you in person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Subjects occurring at the end of a sentence are indefinite, whether or not they are accompanied by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge</span><span class="font9">. Subjects preceding the verb in a sentence are definite, whether or not they are accompanied by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèige</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèige</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèixiē</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèixiē</span><span class="font9">, or other specifying words.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lái ren le. Some people have come.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ren lái le. The people have come. (i.e., those</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">whom we were expecting)</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark187"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark188"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Wèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ntìshì?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is this Mr. Zhāng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Is this Miss White?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something I would like to ask you about.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 1-2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn nín dating</span><span class="font9">, "ask information from you": Note that the prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9"> is translated as "from." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dating</span><span class="font9">, "to inquire," is less formal than </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐngjiào</span><span class="font9"> and requests information rather than advice.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Objects of reduplicated verbs</span><span class="font9">: Reduplicated verbs may be followed only by DEFINITE objects. Indefinite objects of reduplicated verbs precede those verbs. In the last sentence of exchange 2, the object of the reduplicated verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dating dating</span><span class="font9"> is indefinite: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíjiàn shi</span><span class="font9">, "a matter" Thus the object is introduced in the clause </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ you yíjiàn shi</span><span class="font9"> which precedes the entire verb phrase </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng gēn nín dating dating</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Reduplicating a verb makes it indefinite; adding an indefinite object might cause confusion. The reduplicated verbs in the sentences below have definite ob j ect s:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo xiǎng gēn nín dating I would like to ask you about that, dǎting nèijiàn shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting I would like to ask you about this, dǎting zhèiJiàn shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting I would like to ask you about his dǎting tāde shi. matter (about him).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting I would like to ask you about that dǎting nǐde nèijiàn shi. matter of yours.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Simple verbs are used in the following sentences, which have indefinite</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">obj ect s:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting yìdiǎn shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hen duō shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dating jǐjiàn shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would like to ask you about something.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would like to ask you about a lot of things.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would like to ask you about a few things.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark189"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark190"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">■bìyè bú cuò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">chàbuduō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">dǎting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">jìde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">mǎshàng méi wèntí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">pài dào pàilai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">rènde rènshi rènshi zì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tīngshuō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">wàng wàngj i wǎnquǎn wèntí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">xiǎngqilai zuǒyòu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">cōngming duōde duō kěnéng Shìjiè Yínhǎng xiū jià yǎnj iuyuàn yàobushi...jiù shi... yònggōng yuèchū yuèdì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to graduate not bad, pretty good; that’s right almost, about, approximately</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to inquire about, to ask about</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to remember immediately (there’s) no problem</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to send to to send here</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to recognize, to know to recognize, to know to know how to read (literally, ’’to recognize characters”)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to hear that</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to forget to forget completely problem, question</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to think of, to remember approximat ely</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be intelligent much more maybe</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">World Bank to take a vacation graduate school if it’s not...then it will be... to be hardworking the beginning of the month the end of the month</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. jìde</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9- rènde</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. rènshi zì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. wàng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. wánquán</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. xiangqilai</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">14. zuǒyèu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">to remember</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to recognize, to know (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to know how to read (literally, "to recognize characters")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to forget (alternate word for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàngji</span><span class="font9"> , especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">completely</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to think of, to remember</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">approximat ely</span></p>
- <h4><a name="bookmark191"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark192"></a>UNIT 7</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark193"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark194"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Taipei)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Wèi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Shìde. Nín shì bu shi Bai</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nushì?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Shì. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wo</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">yǒu yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Shenme shì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, shi gāng pàilaide; tāde míngzi wo wàngji le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. B: Bú cuò, Fāng Deming shi shàngge lǐbài pài dào women zhèli lāide.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zěnme? Ni rènshi ta ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Bu rènshi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suóyi xiǎng qīng ni gěi wo jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. B: Mei wèntí. Wǒ kànkan... hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Xíng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì lái.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu jiù dào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is this Mr. Zhāng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Is this Miss White?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something I would like to ask you about.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What is it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">over here last week.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why? Do you know him?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I don’t know him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No problem. I’ll take a look.... Okay, we are both free now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can you come now?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That will be fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’ll come to your office right away.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’ll be there in about half an hour.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo. mǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. chi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Narde diànshì feicháng hǎo, hiéde dìfang mǎihuzháo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, hiéde dìfang chīhuzháo.</span></p>
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-8.png" alt="" style="width:410pt;height:288pt;">
- <p><span class="font9">Drying rice in front of a temple in central Taiwan</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Combination Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Zhèiběn shū hěn hǎo. Zhèiběn shū hěn piǎnyi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(This book is good. This book is inexpensive.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ maide dìtú hěn hǎo. Ni mǎide dìtú hěn piǎnyi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn hǎo. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn dà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nèibān fēijī hěn kuài. Nèibān fēijī hěn piǎnyi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zuò huochē qù hěn hǎo. Zuò huochē qù hěn fāngbian.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn Jin. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn piǎnyi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn piǎnyi. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhèiběn shū you hǎo you piǎnyi (This book is both good and inexpensive.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī mǎide dìtú you hǎo you piǎnyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zhùde fàndiàn you hǎo you dà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèibān fēijī you kuài you piǎnyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huochē qù you hǎo you fāngbian, Zhège fànguǎnzi yòu Jin you piǎnyi. Tā mǎide dìtǎn you piǎnyi yòu hǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zhèrde ròu fēichǎng hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) chī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(The meat here is exceptionally good.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nàrde cài fēichǎng hǎo. mǎi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nàrde tǎng fēichǎng hǎo. mǎi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zhèrde diànyīng fēichǎng hǎo. kàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhèrde shū fēichǎng duō. kàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhèrde ròu fēichǎng hǎo, biede dìfang chībuzhǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(The meat here is exceptionally good. You can’t find anything like it anywhere else.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàrde cài fēichǎng hǎo, biede dìfang mǎibuzhǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nàrde tǎng fēichǎng hǎo, biede dìfang mǎibuzhǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèrde diànyīng fēichǎng hǎo, biede dìfang kànbuzhǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèrde shū fēichǎng duō, biede dìfang kànbuzhǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qiǎn, Wang Xiānshengde qiǎn dōu hen duō. the same</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qiǎn, Wǎng Xiānshengde qiǎn dōu hěn duō. less</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qiǎn, Wǎng Xiānshengde qiǎn dōu hěn duō. even more</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qiǎn gēn Wǎng Xiānshengde qiǎn yíyàng duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qiǎn meiyou Wǎng Xiānshengde qiǎn name duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qiǎn hǐ Wǎng Xiānshengde qiǎn gèng duō.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐmen zhèrde cài hěn hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) exceptionally (Your food here is very good.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐmen zhèrde cài fēichǎng hǎo. extremely</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. a little (more)</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn. even more</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐmen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo. extremely</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. expecially</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐmen zhèrde cài tèhié hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Nǐmen zhèrde cài fēichǎng hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Your food here is exceptionally good.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐmen zhèrde cài tèhiě hǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">D.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr hen jin. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) zhèige</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(That restaurant is very close to here.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā jiā lí zhèr hen jin. wǒ jiā</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nèige yínhāng lí zhèr hen yuǎn. Zhōngguo Yínhāng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǔlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr hen yuǎn. nèige Qìchēzhàn</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǔguānchù lí zhèr hen yuǎn. Dàshiguǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr hen jin. Gōnglùjú chēzhàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">J. Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr hen yuǎn. Lī Jiàoshòu jiā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhèige fànguǎnzi bǐ nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr gèng jin. (This restaurant is even closer to here than that restaurant.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ jiā bǐ tā jiā lí zhèr gèng jin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhōngguo Yínhāng bī nèige yínhāng lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige Qìchēzhàn bī Wǔlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dàshiguǎn bī Wǔguānchù lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gōnglùjú chēzhàn bī Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng jin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lī Jiàoshou jiā bī Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wāng Xiānsheng dōu you qiān.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) the same</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Both Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wāng have money tare richJ.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wāng Xiānsheng dōu you qiān. more</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wāng Xiānsheng dōu you qiān. less</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wāng Xiānsheng dōu you qiān. even more</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhāng Xiǎojiě gēn Wāng Xiānsheng yíyàng you qiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wāng are equally rich.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wāng Xiānsheng you qiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Xiǎojiě meiyou Wāng Xiānsheng nàme you qiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wāng Xiānsheng gèng you qiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tāde qián bī wǒde qián duō.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nèige ròu bī zhèige ròu guì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Jiù shū bī xīn shū pianyi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā kāi chē bī wǒ kāide kuài.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒde qián meiyou tāde qián nàme duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèige ròu meiyou nèige ròu nàme guì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīn shū meiyou j iù shū nàme piányi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ kāi chē meiyou tā kāide nàme kuài.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Combination Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Bú tài hǎo. Lí women jiā jin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(it is not too good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It is close to us.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Hen hǎo. Lí women jiā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(it is very good. It is too far from us.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Bu tài fāngbian. Lí women jiā jin.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3- Bu tài piányi. LÍ women jiā Jin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Hen piányi. Lí women jiā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5• Hěn hǎo. Lí women j iā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Bu tài hǎo. Lí women jiā hěn jin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Suīrán bú tài hǎo, kēshi lí women jiā jin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Even though it is not too good, it is close to us.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suīrán hěn hǎo, kēshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Even though it is very good, it is too far from us.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suīrán bú tài fāngbian, kēshi lí women jiā jin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suīrán bú tài piányi, kēshi lí women jiā jin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suīrán hěn piányi, kēshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suīrán hěn hǎo, keshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suīrán bú tài hǎo, kēshi lí women jiā hěn jin.</span></p>
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark195"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark196"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Today I am inviting you to go to eat lunch.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ women yìqī qù Chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Xīngqīwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Xīngqīliù wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Míngtiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Hǎo, jīntiān wǒ qīng ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(All right. Today I’m inviting you.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Don’t be so polite. Let’s just go together and split the bill.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎo, míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎo, Xīngqīwǔ wǒ qīng ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hǎo, míngtiān wǒ qīng ni.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">B: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nèige ròu bī zhèige ròu hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(This meat is better than that meat.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Xīnde bī jiùde hǎo.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Dàhuǎde cài bī Dōngménde cài hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhèige ròu méiyou nèige ròu nàme hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(This meat is not as good as that meat.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jiùde méiyou xīnde nàme hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài nàme hǎo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9-</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">bù yídìng kànfa wǎnfan xiǎngfa yìxiē zǎofan zuòfa</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">not necessarily; it’s not definite opinion, view supper, dinner</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">idea, opinion</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">some, several, a few</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">breakfast</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">way of doing things, method, practice</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kànfa</span><span class="font9">, "opinion," "view," may be loosely translated as "way of looking at things." The word is made up of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn</span><span class="font9">, to look," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎ</span><span class="font9">, "method," "way."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Women duì zhèijiàn shìde kànfa bù yíyàng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Our opinions on this matter are not the same.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎngfa</span><span class="font9">, "idea," "opinion," is made up of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font9">, "to think," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎ</span><span class="font9">, "method," "way." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎngfa</span><span class="font9"> is a "way of thinking." The word is actually pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiangfa</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāde xiǎngfa gēn wǒde yíyàng. His way of thinking is the same as mine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuòfa</span><span class="font9">, "way of doing things," "method," "practice," is made up of the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font9">, "to do," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎ</span><span class="font9">, "method," "way."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐde mùdi hen hǎo, kěshi wǒ Your goal is good, but I don’t like</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">bù xīhuan nīde zuòfa.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">your methods.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài biede dìfang chībuzhǎo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Any place you suggest is sure to be good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other places.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yídìng</span><span class="font9">, "certainly," can act as (ADVERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā yídìng lǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bù yídìng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hái bù yídìng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(ADJECTIVAL VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī něitiān qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hai bù yídìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nà shi yídìngde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">either an adverb or an adjectival verb</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He will definitely come.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s not certain that I will go.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s not yet certain that I will go</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">On what day are you going there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s not certain yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s for sure.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎoxiē</span><span class="font9"> means "a good many" or "a lot." You have seen </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-xiē</span><span class="font9">, "several," "some," in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèixiē</span><span class="font9">, "these," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèixiē</span><span class="font9">, "those." The element -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiē</span><span class="font9"> also occurs in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìxiē</span><span class="font9">, "some," "a few": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shūjiàzishang hai yǒu yìxiē shū</span><span class="font9">, "There are still a few books on the bookcase."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Biede</span><span class="font9"> is the word for "other" in the sense of "a different one." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lìngwài</span><span class="font9"> is the word for "other" when you mean "an additional one."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chībuzhǎo</span><span class="font9">: In this compound verb of result, the ending -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhāo</span><span class="font9"> indicates success in obtaining something. Here are some examples of compounds ending in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zhāo</span><span class="font9">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zhǎobuzhāo tāde diànhuà I cannot find his phone number, hàomǎr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīntiān méi mǎizhao píngguǒ. I did not succeed in buying apples today.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Use the pattern </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">...méiyou...name</span><span class="font9"> + state verb to say that one thing is less than another.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒde zì méiyou tāde nàme My characters don’t look as good as hǎokàn. his.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiǎng maide fángzi méiyou The house she wants to huy isn’t as zhèige fangzi jin. close as this one.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The affirmative pattern </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">...you...name</span><span class="font9"> + state verb is ambiguous: it says that one item is AT LEAST AS expensive as another item which is either equally expensive or less expensive. This pattern is not as common as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">...méiyou...name</span><span class="font9"> + state verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The adverbs </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gèng,</span><span class="font9"> "even more," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì</span><span class="font9">, "most," are easily used to compare more than two things. (Place these adverbs before the verb in a sentence.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèi liǎngběn hěn guì. kěshi These two books are very expensive, nèiběn gèng guì. but that one is even more expensive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dìyīběn bī dìèrběn guì, kěshi The first book is more expensive than dìsānběn zuì guì. that one, but the third one is the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">most expensive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">If the entire sentence involves a comparison of the three books, the speaker may single out the most expensive book with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì</span><span class="font9">, or sometimes without it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèi sānběn shū, neiběn guì? Of these three books, which is the (most) expensive one?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiběn zuì guì. This one is the most expensive.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Nà bù hǎo yìsi.’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài yòu hǎo yòu piányi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I can’t let you do that.’ (That would be too embarrassing!)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t be polite. It’s nothing. The food there is both good and cheap.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù hǎo yìsi</span><span class="font9"> is an idiomatic phrase meaning "to be embarrassing." In Chinese culture, treating someone to a meal both shows your respect for him and maintains your status as a generous host. In exchange It, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nà bù hǎo yìsi </span><span class="font9">means "I'm embarrassed to have you show me so much respect," or "I’m embarrassed to appear to be too cheap to treat you." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù hǎo yìsi</span><span class="font9"> also means "to feel embarrassed."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yòu...yòu...</span><span class="font9">, "both...and.: The element following each </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font9"> may be as simple as an adjectival verb or as complex as a full verb phrase.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā hāizi </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font9"> hui shuō Yīngwén, His child can speak </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">both</span><span class="font9"> English </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">and yòu</span><span class="font9"> hui shuō Zhōngguo huà. Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(LESS)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">...meiyou...name (STATE VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(EQUAL) ...gēn...yíyàng (STATE VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A simple adjectival verb may also be used to make a comparison:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèi liǎngběn, nèiběn guì? Which of these two books is more expensive?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">For each of the three patterns above (MORE—LESS—EQUAL), the comparison is made with a STATE verb. State verbs include adjectival verbs (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9">, "to be good"), auxiliary verbs (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui</span><span class="font9">, "to know how to," "can"), and verbs describing mental attitudes or situations (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhidao</span><span class="font9">, "to know"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xihuan</span><span class="font9">, "to like"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ài</span><span class="font9">, "to love").</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bǐ wo āi chi Zhōngguo fan. He loves to eat Chinese food more than I.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèijiàn shìqing, ni bi tā You know more about this than he does, zhīdao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā meiyou wǒ zhème xīhuan He doesn’t like to see movies as kàn diànyǐng. much as I do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Although the verb phrase begins with a state verb, that may not be the only word in the comparison. It may be expanded to include other verbs (any type) and objects.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The things being compared may also be expanded. Whole sentences may be placed in the slots for things compared:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuò huǒchē meiyou zuò fēijī Going by train is not as fast as nàme kuài. going by plane.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xue Zhōngwén bi tā xué It’s easier for him, studying history, lìshǐ rōngyi. than it is for me, studying Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Although the prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǐ</span><span class="font9"> is used to say that one thing is "more" than another, do not use the negative of this pattern to say that something is "less."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bi tā gēge néng shuō huà. He is a better talker (smoother talker) than his older brother.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This pattern may also be expanded to indicate just HOW MUCH more one thing is than another. (Place the amount after the verb in a sentence.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiběn bǐ nèiběn guì sānkuài This book is three dollars more qian. expensive than that one.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bī tā dà liǎngsuì. I am two years older than she is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Another way to indicate how much more is to add -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de duō</span><span class="font9">, "a lot," to an adjectival verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèige bī nèige hǎokànde duō.’ This is much better looking than that!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suírán...kēshi...</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suirán</span><span class="font9"> (or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">suīrán</span><span class="font9">), "although," must always be followed by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">keshi</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">danshi</span><span class="font9">, meaning "but," in the second part of a sentence. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Keshi/dànshi</span><span class="font9"> would not usually be translated into English, but sometimes the word "still" is included in the translation: "Although it’s not too good, still it’s close to us." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suírán</span><span class="font9"> may either precede the subject or be placed between the subject and the verb of a sentence.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Suīrán tā xīhuan luxíng, keshi tā méi qùguo Zhōngguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā suīrán jiāngle hāojīcì, keshi wō háishi bù dǒng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ suīrán méi kànjianguo, keshi tīng rén shuōguo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Although she likes to travel, she has never been to China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Although he explained it many times, I still didn’t understand.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Although I have never seen it, I have heard of it.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Ou, hái yǒu yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng jin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Jīntiān wǒ qīng. ni dào nàli qù chī.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The food there is exceptionally good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xīn kāide</span><span class="font9">: The adjectival verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīn</span><span class="font9">, "new," means "newly," "recently" when used as an adverb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gèng</span><span class="font9">, "more," "even more," "still more"</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài līngshiguǎn gōngzuǒde rén bī dàshiguān gèng duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lù píngguǒ hen guì, hong píngguǒ gèng guì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Tíngfēng shuōde Zhōngguo huà, Zhōngguo rén hěn nán tīngdedǒng, wàiguo rén yídìng gèng nán.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">More people work at the consulates than at the embassy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Green apples are expensive; red apples are even more expensive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāng Ting Feng’s Chinese is hard for Chinese people to understand; for a foreigner, it would certainly be even harder.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">An overview of comparison</span><span class="font9">: You have now learned several ways to compare things. The patterns presented here are the most common ones. Each pattern has a standard purpose:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">(MORE)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">...bī...</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">(STATE VERB)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <h5><a name="bookmark67"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark197"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cantīng qù chī ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Let’s go have lunch together today Okay?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngfàn</span><span class="font9"> means, literally, ’’middle meal.” "Breakfast” is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǎofàn</span><span class="font9">, "early meal.” "Supper” is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǎnfàn</span><span class="font9">, "late meal."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Dōngménde cài kongpà méiyou Dàhuǎde cài nàme hǎo ba.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Suírǎn bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women zhèli J in.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at the Great China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Even though it CEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cài</span><span class="font9">, "(nonstaple) food," "dish," "course (of a meal)*': Literally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cài </span><span class="font9">means "vegetables." It refers to any dish that is eaten with rice. Both meat and vegetable dishes are included in the meaning.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The pattern </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">...(méi)you.■.nàme—</span><span class="font9"> is used to make comparisons when</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">one thing is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">LESS than another.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">1 +</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9"><sub>r</sub> x , STATE VERB (OFTEN</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">meiyou + 2 + name/zheme + </span><span class="font10" style="font-variant:small-caps;">adjects</span><span class="font9"> VERB)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">méiyou nī nàme mǎng.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">méiyou tā nàme cōngming.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">méiyou wǒ nàme yǒu qiǎn.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">Used less frequently without the negative </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi-</span><span class="font9">, the pattern means "to be as Cqualityī AS Csomething elseU."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐde shū méiyōu wōde shū nàme duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige xuéxiàode túshūguǎn yǒu zhèige xuéxiàode zhème hǎo ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Your books are not as many as mine. (You don’t have as many books as I do.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, they are. (Yes, I do have as many books as you do.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is that school’s library as good as this one's?</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">lǎoshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">always, all the time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">lián... (yě)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">even...(also)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Shísānlíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Ming Tombs (literally, ’’Thirteen Tombs”)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yěcān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">picnic</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you míng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be famous</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yúyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Szechuan Garden</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhāodài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be hospitable to</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark66"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark198"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">"biede</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">"bù hǎo yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">other, different</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be embarrassing; to feél embarrassed</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">"bù yídìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">not necessarily; it’s not definite</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">cài canting chībuzhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">food, cooked dish dining room; restaurant can’t find (to eat)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Dahuǎ Canting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Dōngmen Canting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Great China Restaurant</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">East Gate Restaurant</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fēichǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">very, extremely, highly</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">even more</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎoxiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">a good many, a lot</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kànfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">opinion, view</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">meiyou.. .nàme/zhème</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">is not as...as...</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">suírǎn(suīrǎn)...keshi...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">although, even though...(still)...</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wǎnfàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">supper, dinner</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiǎngfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">idea, opinion</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yídìng yìxiē yòu...you...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">certainly</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">some, several, a few both...and...</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǎofàn zhōngfàn zuòfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">breakfast</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lunch</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">way of doing things, method, practice</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced, on C-2 tape</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ānpaihǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">successfully arranged</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(counter for cars and buses)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chūfā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to start a journey</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiāoqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">suburbs</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">wǎnfàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">supper, dinner</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiǎngfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">idea, opinion</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yìxiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">some, several, a few</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zǎofan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">breakfast</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuòfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">way of doing things, method, practice</span></p></td></tr>
- </table><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-9.png" alt="" style="width:307pt;height:231pt;">
- <p><span class="font9">Modern apartments in Shànghǎi</span></p>
- <div>
- <h4><a name="bookmark199"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark200"></a>UNIT 6</span></h4>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark65"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark201"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">(in Taipei)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī ha.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Dōngménde cài kōngpà méiyou Dàhuǎde cài nàme hǎo ba.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Suírǎn bú tài hǎo, keshi lí women zhèli jin.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Ou, hǎi yǒu yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng jin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēichǎng hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Jīntiān wǒ, qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Nà bù hǎo yìsi!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài yòu hǎo yòu piǎnyi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Tāmen nàli you hǎoxiē cài biéde dìfang chībuzhǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at the Great China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Even though it CEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The food there is extremely good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I can’t let you do that!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(That would be too embarrassing!)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t be polite. It’s nothing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The food there is both good and cheap.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Any place you suggest is sure to be good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other places.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">not necessarily; it’s not definite</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. bù yídìng</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">opinion, view</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. kànfa</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) tā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How is CHow about] three or four in the afternoon?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā zěnmeyàng? Táiwān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Táiwān zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Táiwānde Jīngji</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng? nèige fàndiàn</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng? zhèige xuexiào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Zhèige xuexiào zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">tāmen màide diànshì</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How is he? EHow about him?J)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Táiwān zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Táiwānde Jīngji zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèige xuexiào zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">? Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) when</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(They are meeting tomorrow.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. where</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. when</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. where</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. how many hours</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">how long</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tāmen yijīng kāi hui le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">yes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tāmen míngtiān shenme shíhou kāi hui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(When are they meeting tomorrow?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen míngtiān zài nǎr kāi hui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen zuótiān shi shénme shíhou kāide hui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen zuótiān shi zài nǎr kāide hui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen míntiān kāi hui kāi jīge zhōngtóu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui kāile duo Jiǔ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen yǐjīng kāi hui le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You will need the word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhùrěn</span><span class="font9">, "director," in this exercise.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Yīnwei shàngwù women you yàojǐnde shi, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Lin Zhùrèn bù néng lái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Because we have some important business in the morning, we will have to change to the afternoon.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Yīnwei shàngwù Lin Zhùrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le. tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi hui</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Yīnwei shàngwù tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi hui, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le. wǒ děi jiāo shū</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Yīnwei shàngwù wǒ děi jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Yīnwei shàngwù wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le. wǒ děi gēn Wù Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Yīnwei shàngwù wǒ děi gēn Wù Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le. wǒ méi gōngfu</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Yīnwei shàngwù wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Yīnwei shàngwù Lin Zhùren bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Because Director Lin cannot come in the morning, we will have to change to the afternoon. )</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei shàngwù tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi hui, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei shàngwù wo děi jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwī le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei shàngwù wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei shàngwù wǒ děi gēn Wù Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīnwei shàngwù wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwù le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">D. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) not yet</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Have you written it down?)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nī xiěhǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">soon will</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nī xiěxiàlái le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">already</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nī xiěxiàlái le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">not yet</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nī xiěxiàlái le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">did not</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nī xiěhǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">already</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nī xiěxiàlái le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, I did</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I haven’t written it down yet.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ kuài xiěhǎo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yǐjīng xiěxiàlái le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ méi xiěxiàlái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yǐjīng xiěhǎo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiěxiàlái le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Nǐ gēn tā yuēhǎo le ma? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) tā "bàngōngshì</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Did you make arrangements with him?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma? huǒchēzhàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nī gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le ma? wǒde "bàngōngshì</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nī gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le ma? WàiJ iāobù</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nī gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le ma? xuéxiào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. N? gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le ma? tāde bàngōngshì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nī gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma? huìkèshì</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Gēn tā yuēhǎo le, zài tā bàngōngshì Jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I made arrangements with him to meet at his office.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huǒchēzhàn J iàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gēn Li Nushi yuēhǎo le, zài wǒde bàngōngshì jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le, zài WàiJiāobù jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gēn Bāo Jiàoshōu yuēhǎo le, zài xuéxiào Jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le, zài tāde bàngōngshì jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huìkèshì Jiàn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zoule meiyou.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zoule meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni děnyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Lāojià, bā nínde diàn-huà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Wang Xiānsheng-de diànhuà hàomǎr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please tell me his telephone number.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Lāojià, bǎ Wang Xiānshengde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde diànhuà hàomǎr</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Lāojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde dìzhī</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Lāojià, bǎ tāde dìzhī gàosong wǒ. tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Lāojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">tāde dìzhī</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Lāojià, bǎ tāde dìzhī gàosong wǒ. nínde diànhuà hàomǎr</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Laojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Lāojià, bǎ Wang Xiānshengde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. (Please tell me Mr. Wāng’s telephone number.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lāojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lāojià, bǎ tāde dìzhī gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lāojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lāojià, bǎ tāde dìzhī gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lāojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wo.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark64"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark202"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wài, shi Wàijiāohù ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Lin Sizhāng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Hello, is this the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ministry of Foreign</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Affairs ?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wèi Shàoxiào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínhāng ma? Lin Kēzhǎng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Bāoěr Xiānsheng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Lī Xiānsheng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wài, shi Měidàsī ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Meng Tóngzhì</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínhāng ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhāngnān Tóngzhì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wài, shi Wàijiāohù ma? Wō yào zhǎo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Hello, is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief Lin.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wō yào zhǎo Wèi Shàoxiào shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínhāng ma? Wō yào zhǎo Lin Kēzhǎng shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Wō yào zhǎo Bāoěr Xiānsheng shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Wō yào zhǎo Lī Xiānsheng shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Wō yào zhǎo Mèng Tongzhì shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínhāng ma? Wō yào zhǎo Zhāngnān Tóngzhì shuō huà.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. . </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wō gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’ll see whether he is here or not.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wō gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wō gěi ni kànkan tā yōu gōngfu meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wō gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wō gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Please wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni děngyiděng, wō gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wō gěi ni kànkan tā yōu gōngfu meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qīng ni děngyiděng, wō gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ haishi bù dong "le” zěnme I still don’t understand how </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> is yòng. used.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàiguo rén</span><span class="font9">, "foreigner”: The use of this ■‘•erm is still generally based on race rather than on citizenship. Even Chinese who are American citizens living in the United States often refer to non-Chinese Americans as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàiguo rén</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wūzi</span><span class="font9">, "room": The counter for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wūzi</span><span class="font9"> is -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiān</span><span class="font9">, which literally means "interstice," "interval," "space," "room."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yàojǐn</span><span class="font9"> means "to "be urgent," "to be important."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yīnwei...suoyi</span><span class="font9">: When the first part of an English sentence begins with the word, "because," it is usually considered redundant to begin the second part with "therefore." Thus the Chinese word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">suoyi</span><span class="font9">, "therefore," in the first sentence of exchange 6, is not translated into English. In Chinese, however, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">suoyi</span><span class="font9"> is commonly used after a clause beginning with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīnwei</span><span class="font9">, "because."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verbs </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎi</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huàn</span><span class="font9"> are both frequently translated as "to change." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gǎi</span><span class="font9"> means "change" in the sense of "alter," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huàn</span><span class="font9"> means "change" in the sense of "exchange."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gǎi dào xiàwǔ</span><span class="font9">, "change (it) to the afternoon": In this phrase, the prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font9"> and its object </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàwǔ</span><span class="font9"> do not precede the verb; they follow the verb. A </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font9">, "to," phrase which precedes the main verb in a sentence can be a scene setter, that is, you go "to" a place and the action takes place there. Following the main verb in a sentence, a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font9"> phrase can indicate where something, ends up as a result of the action. In the first sentence of exchange 6, the appointment will END UP in the afternoon. Here are some examples of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font9"> phrases:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā dào càishichǎng mǎi cài He went to the market to buy qu le. groceries. (SCENE SETTER)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gāngcāi dào wǔlóu zhǎo Just now I went to the fifth floor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Chen Tàitai qu le. to look for Mrs. Chen. (SCENE</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">SETTER)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā pǎo dào shānshang qu le. He ran to the top of the mountain. ("He" ENDS UP ON THE MOUNTAINTOP.)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">7-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">hāishi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">still</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">wàiguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">foreign, abroad</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">wàiguo rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">foreigner (non-Chinese)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">wǔzi (yìjiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">room</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">one (telephone pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hāishi</span><span class="font9"> means "still" in the sense of "as before." of the same ways that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎi</span><span class="font9"> is used.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">It is used in some</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Suīrān tā you shíhou shuō huà bú kèqi, kěshi wǒ hāishi xǐhuan ta.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Although he is sometimes impolite in his speech, I still like him.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gāngcái</span><span class="font9"> means ’’just now," "a short time ago." It may, like other time words, either precede or follow the subject of a sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà He called me a short time ago. le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gāngcái tā gěi wo dǎ diànhuà le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The one-syllable adverb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gang</span><span class="font9">, "just," always follows the subject of a sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā gāng gěi wo dǎ diànhuà. He just called me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài</span><span class="font9">, literally, "You called me just now, I wasn’t in": To the first clause (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ'gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà</span><span class="font9">), you could add -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de shihou</span><span class="font9">, "when." Even without -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de shihou</span><span class="font9">, the relationship between the two clauses is still very close. Colloquially, no pause is needed between them. Here is a similar sentence:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Gāngcái wǒ qù zhǎo ni, nī I just went to look for you, but you bú zài. weren’t there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Neitiān</span><span class="font9"> literally means "that day." It is the Chinese equivalent of "the other day."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yuēhǎo</span><span class="font9"> is a compound verb of result: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuē</span><span class="font9">, "to arrange a meeting," "to make an appointment," plus </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9">, "successfully complete."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font9"> means "with" in the last sentence of exchange 5-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bàngōngshì</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bàngǒng</span><span class="font9"> (literally, "manage work") is frequently used for "do work in an office." A </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bàngōngshì</span><span class="font9"> is a room where office work is done, or an "office."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojǐnde shì, suóyi xiǎng wen nín women néng bu néng gǎi dào xiàwǔ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn zěnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Sìdiǎn bī sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng děi kāi hui.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng děng ni.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask you whether we can change it Ithe appointment] to the afternoon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What time in the afternoon?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">c. When can’t bǎ be used?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font9"> cannot normally be used in a sentence if the verb is not an action verb, if the verb describes perception (like </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànJian</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǐngjian</span><span class="font9">), if the object is not the undergoer of the action, if the object is indefinite or if the verb is a simple verb. Here are some examples of sentences in which bǎ cannot be used:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ mǎile yíge shōuyīnjī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ kànJian ta le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng kàn zhèiběn shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ you hen duō wàiguo péngyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zhīdao zhèijiàn shi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">I bought a radio. (INDEFINITE OBJECT)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I saw him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(PERCEPTION VERB C</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànjianl</span><span class="font9">; OBJECT DOES NOT UNDERGO ACTION)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would like to read this book. (SIMPLE VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have a lot of foreign friends, (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font9"> NOT ACTION VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I know of this matter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">(zhídao</span><span class="font9"> NOT ACTION VERB)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">d. What is the motivation for using </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font9"> is used when the verb phrase gives more new important information than the object does. The Chinese prefer to place that important verb phrase in final position in a sentence, where the phrase will be prominent. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font9"> performs the function of taking the object out of the way (to the beginning of a sentence) and allowing the verb phrase to have its full impact.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">e. To make a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> sentence negative, place the negative adverb in front of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> (NOT in front of the main verb).</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā méi bǎ zhuōzi bānchuqu. He did not move the table out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ bù bǎ ròu<a name="footnote23"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark203">23</a></sup> fàng zai How can it do for you not to put bīngxiāngli zěnme xíng? the meat in the refrigerator?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(How can you not put the meat in the refrigerator?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. C: Duìbuqī, nǐ gāngcāi gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Nǐ you shi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Shi a! Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiǎn dào nín bàngōngshì qu tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn’t in.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can I help you with something?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office at ten o’clock tomorrow for a talk.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā "ba liāngzhāng piào gěi He gave me </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">the</span><span class="font9"> two tickets. (NOT wo le. "Eanyi two tickets")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(U) The verb phrase must be complex. Here are examples of the ways in which a verb phrase can be made complex so that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā</span><span class="font9"> may be used:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">(ASPECT MARKER)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bā tāde chēzi mài </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(REDUPLICATED VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni bā piào huàn</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huan</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(COMPOUND VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bā wǒde dìzhī xi</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ěxia-lai</span><span class="font9"> le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ bā xíngli n</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ashang</span><span class="font9"> chē </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qu</span><span class="font9"> ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Women zuotiān yǐjīng bā zhèijiàn shì shuō</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font9"> le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiān bā zhèige xiě</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán </span><span class="font9">zài zǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ bǎ wode míngzi xi</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ěcuǒ </span><span class="font9">le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(MANNER EXPRESSION AFTER THE VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni bā zhèige zì xiě</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de tài dà</span><span class="font9"> le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bā zhèijiàn shì shuōde </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn qǐngchu</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">He sold his car.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please exchange the tickets.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He wrote down my address.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Take the baggage onto the train.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">We agreed on this matter yesterday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I will finish writing this first and then leave.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You wrote my name wrong.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">You wrote this character too large.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">He talked very clearly about this.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">(PREPOSITIONAL VERB PHRASE AFTER THE VERB)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Bā píjiǔ fàng </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zai zhuōzi</span><span class="font9">-</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shang</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bā chē ting </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zai nèibian </span><span class="font9">děng nín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(INDIRECT OBJECT AFTER THE VERB) Lǐ Xiānsheng bā zìdiān gěi </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuēsheng</span><span class="font9"> le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(NUMBER PLUS COUNTER AFTER THE VERB)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni zài bā tāde diàn-huà hàomār niàn </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yícì</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni bā zhèige kàn </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yixia</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Put the beer on the table.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I will park the car over there and wait for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Mr. Lǐ has given the dictionaries to the students.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please read his telephone number aloud once more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please take a look at this. (OR "Please read this over.")</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">In the first sentence of exchange U, the verb phrase is made complex by having an indirect object after the verb: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā nínde diànhuà hàomār gàosong </span><span class="font9">wǒ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">b. When MUST bā be used?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The examples above which require the use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā</span><span class="font9"> are those with a prepositional verb phrase after the verb, those with a manner expression after the verb, and most of the sentences under the heading "Compound Verb." In these examples, the object may not be placed between the verb and the element which follows.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yāo</span><span class="font9"> is used, in Běijīng for giving room numbers and. telephone numbers whenever those numbers are given orally.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiěxialai</span><span class="font9"> is a compound verb -which is formed like </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">náxialai</span><span class="font9">. However, while </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">náxialai</span><span class="font9"> literally means "to bring down and towards the speaker," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiěxialai</span><span class="font9"> does NOT mean "to write in a downward direction towards the speaker." The compound </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiěxialai</span><span class="font9"> corresponds to the English idiom "to write down."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ</span><span class="font9"> illustrates some of the rules concerning the use of the prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9">. (Read the Transportation Module notes on </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9">.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bǎ is a prepositional verb used to bring the direct object of a sentence to a position preceding the main verb. To do so has certain effects on the meaning of a sentence. There are reasons why </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> must be used, why it may not be used, and why it is optional in different kinds of sentences.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In the first sentence of exchange U, the use of the </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> construction is optional. You may also say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐng ni gàosong wo nínde diànhuà hàomǎr</span><span class="font9">. The sentence fulfills the requirements for the optional use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> but has none of the features which make the use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> a necessity. Let’s look more closely at these different requirements and features.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">a. What conditions are necessary for the use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">(1) The object of bǎ must be acted on. In other words, the action must be performed on the object of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9">. In the first sentence of exchange </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nínde diànhuà hàomǎr</span><span class="font9"> undergoes the action </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font9">. More obvious examples are</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bǎ dìtú náchulai le. He took out the map.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(MAP UNDERGOES BEING TAKEN OUT)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bǎ tāde chē mài le. He sold his car.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(CAR UNDERGOES BEING SOLD)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bǎ nèige Zhōngguo zì He wrote that Chinese character on xiě zai hēibǎnshang le. the chalkboard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(CHINESE CHARACTER UNDERGOES BEING WRITTEN ON THE BOARD)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">UNDERGOER OF THE ACTION means that the object is influenced by the action in some way. In "I saw Mr. Wang yesterday," Mr. Wang is not considered to be the undergoer of the action.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">(2) The verb must be an action verb (such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font9"> in exchange U). </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font9"> is not used with state and process verbs. For example, you may not use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font9"> with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yěu</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐhuan</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ài</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui</span><span class="font9">, or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dong</span><span class="font9">.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">(3) The object of bǎ must refer to something specific (such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nínde diànhuà hàomǎr</span><span class="font9"> in exchange U): which telephone number? </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">your</span><span class="font9"> telephone number (The questioner knows which number he is referring to, even though he does not know what the number is.) Often the object of bǎ must be translated into English with the definite article "the":</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng ni bǎ huāpíng gěi wo. Please give me </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">the</span><span class="font9"> vase. (NOT "a vase") may also say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ nǎr a?</span><span class="font9"> To ask for the caller’s name, use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐngwèn nǐ shi... ? </span><span class="font9">or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐngwèn nǐ guìxìng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fǎguo</span><span class="font9">: In the PRC, the word, for "France" usually has a low tone instead, of a falling tone (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Faguo</span><span class="font9">).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The syllable </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-guān</span><span class="font9"> means "government official," "officer," or "officeholder ."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā zài bu zai</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font9"> means "to be present" here. With this meaning, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> does not have to be followed by a place word.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Wèi, tā zhèihuǐr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qǐng ta gěi wo dǎ ge diànhuà.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. He is not here at the moment.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Would you like to leave a message?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèihuǐr</span><span class="font9"> is a colloquial word for "now," "at the moment." The word is made up of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhè</span><span class="font9"> plus </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìhuǐr</span><span class="font9">. Its position preceding the verb shows that it refers to a point in time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liú ge huàr</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liú</span><span class="font9"> means "to leave Csomething/someoneJ behind." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huàr</span><span class="font9">, translated in exchange 3 as "message," is the word for "speech." Directly following a verb (in this case, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">liú</span><span class="font9">), the </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐ</span><span class="font9"> of unstressed </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yige</span><span class="font9"> may be omitted.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. B: Hǎo, qǐng nín bǎ nínde diàn- All right. Please tell me your huà hàomǎr gàosong wo. Wǒ phone number. I'll write it down, xiěxiàlāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo- My phone number is 521-331. sān sān yāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. b</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hàomǎr</span><span class="font9"> is used for "number" in speaking of identification numbers such as a passport number. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shùmu,</span><span class="font9"> "number," expresses an amount.)</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark63"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark204"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: WàL.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wō yào zhao Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I want to speak with Department Chief Lin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">WàiJiāobù</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wài jiāo</span><span class="font9"> is the word for "diplomacy" (more literally, "foreign relations"). Bù designates an organizational unit; in speaking of the Chinese government, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9"> is translated as "ministry."<a name="footnote24"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark205">24</a></sup> The head of a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9"> is a </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bùzhǎng</span><span class="font9">, "minister."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wài-</span><span class="font9">, "foreign," is used in terms such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàiguo</span><span class="font9">, "overseas" (literally, "foreign country") and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàiguo rén</span><span class="font9">, "foreigner" (most frequently referring to a person from a non-Asian country). Literally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wài-</span><span class="font9"> means "outside," as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàimian</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yào zhao...shuō huà</span><span class="font9"> means, literally, "I would like to look for . . . to speak Cwith himJ."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Telephone conversations</span><span class="font9">: Telephone courtesy in the United States requires that a person identify himself before beginning a conversation. In China, however, it is normal for the caller to ask "Who is this?" and for the person who answers the phone to inquire "Who is calling?"</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Nín shi nǎr a?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wō xing Lèkēlǎiěr. Wǒ shi Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nín děngyiděng, wō gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Who is this?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Economics Officer from the French Embassy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wait a moment. I'll see whether he is here or not.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nín shi nǎr a?</span><span class="font9"> is one polite way to ask who is calling. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǎr</span><span class="font9"> asks for the name of the office or organization which the caller represents. You</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">jīnglǐ qǐnzì tuǎnzhǎng zhurèn zìjǐ</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">manager</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">personally, privately head of the delegation director</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">oneself (’’myself,” "yourself," etc.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced in Communication Game</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">chēfáng garage</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">dì ground, earth</span></p>
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-10.png" alt="" style="width:299pt;height:241pt;">
- <p><span class="font9">Street scene in Shànghǎi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <h5><a name="bookmark62"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark206"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(prepositional verb which indicates</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">"bàngōngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">the direct object) office</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gǎi dào gāngcái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to change</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to change to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">just now, a short time ago</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">haishi hàomǎ(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">still number</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">j īng j iguān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">economics officer</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">liú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">liú(ge)huà(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to leave, to keep, to save to leave a message</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">nèitiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">the other day</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shangwù shāngwùguān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">commercial business commercial officer</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wàiguó</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">■wàiguo rén Wàijiāohù wūzi (yìjiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">foreign, abroad</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">foreigner (non-Chinese) Ministry of Foreign Affairs room</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiěxiàlāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to write down</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yāo yàojin yuēhǎole</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">one (telephone pronunciation) to be important, to be urgent to have (successfully) made</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">arrangements, to have made an appointment</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zhèihuǐr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">this moment, at the moment (Běijīng)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 and drill </span><span class="font9">tapes)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chūtǔ wénwù zhǎnlǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">exhibition of archaeological finds</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">dǎ dao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to make a phone call to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">dàibiǎotuǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">delegation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">gǎnbuhuílǎi j iàoyuǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">can’t make it back in time teacher</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">*C: Xiawù shénme shíhou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn zěnmeyàng? Cui nín fāngbian hu fanghian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Sìdiǎn bī sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng děi kāi hui.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng děng ni.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What time in the afternoon?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. I’ll wait for you at four o'clock.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hāishi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">still</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">wàiguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">foreign, abroad</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">wàiguo rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">foreigner (non-Chinese)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">wūzi (yìjiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">room</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">one (telephone pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.</span></p>
- <div>
- <h4><a name="bookmark207"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark208"></a>UNIT 5</span></h4>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark61"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark209"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">(in Běijīng)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">1. B: Wài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wèi, shi WàiJiāobù ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ yào zhāo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Nín shi nār a?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fāguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nín děngyiděng, wo gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Wài, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Lāojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qīng ta gěi wo dǎ ge diànhuà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. B: Hǎo, qīng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Wǒ xiěxiàlai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo-sān sān yāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. C: Duìbuqī, nī gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Nī you shì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Shì a! Wǒ neitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiǎn dào nín bàngōngshì qu tāntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojīnde shì, suoyi xiǎng wen nín women néng bu néng gǎi dào xiàwǔ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I want to speak with Department Chief Lin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Who is this?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Ecomonics Officer from the French Embassy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wait a moment. I'll see whether he is here or not.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. He is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. Please tell me your phone number. I’ll write it down.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">My phone number is 521-331.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m sorry. When you called me just now, I wasn't in.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Can I help you with something?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office at ten o’clock tomorrow for a talk.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask you whether we can change it Ithe appointment] to the afternoon.</span></p><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-11.png" alt="" style="width:536pt;height:666pt;">
- <p><span class="font9">D. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Women yǐhòu jiànmiànde jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(We will have many more opportunities to meet in the future.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wo yǐhòu xiàng nín qǐngjiàode jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Women yǐhòu shuō Zhōngguo huàde jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Wǒ yǐhòu xué Zhōngwénde jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Women yǐhòu láide jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Women yǐhòu zài yìqǐde jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wo yihou luxingde jīhui hen duō.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō jiànmiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō xiàng nín qǐngjiào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīwàng yǐhòu you jīhui duō shuō Zhōngguo huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō xué Zhōngwén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō zài yìqǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīwàng yihou you jīhui duō luxing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">E. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Huáng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng, huāny í ng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) zuò (Section Chief Huáng, welcome, welcome.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wáng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">zuò zuo</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Lǐ Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? hē yìdiǎn chá</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? zuò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Zhào Tàitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. zuò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Huáng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qǐng jin, qǐng j ìnlai zuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Section Chief Huáng, welcome, welcome. Please come in and s it down.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wáng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Qǐng jin, qǐng jìnlai zuòzuo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lǐ Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Qǐng jin, qīng jìnlai hē yìdiǎn chá.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Qǐng jin, qǐng jìnlai zuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhào Tàitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Qǐng jin, qǐng jìnlai zuò.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā shi Lu Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Táiwān Yínháng gōngzuò.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā shi Liu Xiǎojiě. Tā zài Táidà niàn shū.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā shi Hán Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Táidà jiāo zhèngzhixue.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiwèi shi Lu Kēzhǎng, zài Táiwān Yínháng gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiwèi shi Liu Xiǎojiě, zài Táidà niàn shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiwèi shi Hán Jiàoshòu, zài Táidà jiāo zhèngzhixue.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: You hěn duō dìfang wǒ bù shǒuxi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(There is much I’m not familiar with.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Zài zhèr, you hěn duō ren bù hē chá.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(There are many people here who don’t drink tea.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ tīngbudǒng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō ren bū kàn bào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō ren bu hui shuō Zhōngguo huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ bu hui zuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ kànbudǒng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ hái you hěn duō bù shōuxide dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(There is still much I’m not familiar with.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō bù hē cháde rán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(There are many non-tea drinking people here.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hái you hěn duō tīngbudǑngde dìfang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bu kàn bàode rén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō bu hui shuō Zhōngguo huàde ren.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo hái yǒu hěn duō bu hui zuòde dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hái you hěn duō kànbudǒngde dìfang.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark60"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark210"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: W8 xiǎng qíng ta huà yìzhāng huàr.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’m thinking of asking him to paint a painting.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ xiǎng qīng ta chī yícì Zhōngguo fan.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ xiǎng qīng ta mǎi liǎngzhāng Tāiběi dìtú.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǒ xiǎng qīng ta jiāo liǎngniǎn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ xiǎng qīng ta huà yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ xiǎng qīng ta lǎi yícì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ xiǎng qīng ta kàn yícì diànyīng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ tèbiě qīng ta huàle yìzhāng huàr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I asked him especially to paint a painting.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tèbiǎ qīng ta chile yícì Zhōngguo fàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tèbie qīng ta mǎile liǎngzhāng Tāiběi dìtú.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tèbie qīng ta jiāole liǎngniǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tèbie qīng ta huàle yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tèbie qīng ta lǎile yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ tèbie qīng ta kànle yícì diànyīng</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Combination Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā shi He Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tǎidà jiāo jīngjixuǎ.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(He is Professor He.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā shi Wǎng Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā shi Shěn Shàoxiào. Tā zài Wùguānchù gōngzuò.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Tā shi Lin Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxuě jiāo shū.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Zhèiwèi shi He Jiàozhòu, zài Tǎidà jiāo jīngjixue.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(This is Professor He, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiwèi shi Wǎng Kēzhǎng, zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiwèi shi Shěn Shàoxiào, zài Wuguānchù gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiwèi shi Lin Jiàoshòu, zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué jiāo shū.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">tian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be sweet</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to stop</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to halt</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tuī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to push</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">yuǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be far</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zǎo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be early</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zhēn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be true to be real to be genuine</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">kǔ to be bitter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zǒu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to go to walk</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lǎ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to pull</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">jin to be near</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">wǎn to be late</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">jiǎ to be false to be fake to be artificial</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiankāng to be healthy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kuān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be wide</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be broad</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lái to come</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lèi to be tired</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lěng to be cold</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">liángkuai to be cool</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">man to be full</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">màn to be slow</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">máng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be busy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">niánqīng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be young</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">piányi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be inexpensive</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be cheap</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">piàoliang to be beautiful</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">qiáng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be strong</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">róngyi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be easy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">shēng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be born</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yǒu bìng to be ill to be sick</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zhǎi to be narrow</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">qù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to go</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">you jīngshen to be lively to be spirited to be vigorous</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">%.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">re to be hot</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">nuǎnhuo to be warm</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kōng to be vacant to be empty</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kuài to be fast</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">xián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be idle</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be unoccupied</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lǎo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be old (in years)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">guì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be expensive</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">nánkàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be ugly</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ruò to be weak</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">nán to be difficult</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">sǐ to die</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h5><a name="bookmark211"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark212"></a>VOCABULARY BOOSTER</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">Opposites</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">ānjìng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be peaceful</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">rènao</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be lively</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be bustling</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">noisy</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">cháng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be long</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">duǎn to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">short</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">cōngming</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be intelligent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be bright</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bèn to be to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">stupid</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">foolish</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">da</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be large</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiǎo to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">small</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dàodá to arrive to reach</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">líkāi to leave</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">duì to be correct</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">cuò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to make a mistake to be wrong</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gānjìng (gānjing) to be clean</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zāng to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">dirty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gāo to be tall</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ǎi to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">short (of stature)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">gāoxìng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be happy</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">nánguò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to feel sorry to feel bad to be grieved</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gōngzuò to work</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiūxi to rest to relax</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be good to be well</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huài to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bad</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiǎndān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be simple</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">fùzá (fùzá)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be complicated to be complex</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">7. B: Náli, náli.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Xīwàng yǐhòu you jīhui duō j iànmiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not at all, not at all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">The adjectival verb duō, to be much, to be many," is used in No. 7</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">as an adverb meaning "much," "more." Káfēi bù néng duō hē. Nī duō chī diǎnr ba. Tā duō zhùle liǎngtiān. Wǒ shǎo mǎile yìzhāng piào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō tā yào shǎo chī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shǎo</span><span class="font9"> may be used in the same way.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">One must not drink too much coffee.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Eat a little more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He stayed two days longer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I bought one ticket too few.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(more literally, "I underbought by one ticket.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">He says he wants to eat less (cut down on eating).</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">fāngfǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">method, way, means</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">fázi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">method, way</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">huàr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">painting (Běijīng pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">qīng zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">please have a seat</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shèhuìxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">sociology</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">túshūguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">library</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to sit</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here are a few sentences illustrating some of the words:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐde </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shèhuìxué</span><span class="font9"> xuéde zhènme hǎo! Nī yòng shénme </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāngfǎ </span><span class="font9">niànde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Me itiān zài </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">túshūguǎn</span><span class="font9"> sìge zhōngtóu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ai! Wǒ méiyou </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fázi</span><span class="font9"> zài </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">túshūguǎn zuò</span><span class="font9"> sìge zhōngtóu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">You learned your sociology so well! How do you study it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I spend four hours in the library everyday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Boy! Thère’s no way I can sit in the library for four hours.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. B: Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nín láile duo jiǔ le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gang lai liǎngge yuè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Glad to meet you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How long have you been here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǔyǎng</span><span class="font9"> means, literally, "I have looked up to you for a long time’’ or ’’I have looked forward to meeting you.” It is used when meeting someone of higher status. Because </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǔyǎng</span><span class="font9"> implies a status difference, the expression is not often used in the PRC.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang</span><span class="font9">, "only just”: You have learned the sentence </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">W5 láile liǎngge yuè le</span><span class="font9">, "I have been here two months now." In the last sentence of exchange 5» notice that no </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9"> is needed. The focus has shifted from the coming to the shortness of the period; that is, the focus is on </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gang</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. C: Hái you hen duō bǔ shouxide dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Yíhòu hái yào xiàng nín qíngjiào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There is still much I’m not familiar with.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shouxi</span><span class="font9">, "to be familiar Cwith the details of something],’’ is also pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǔxi</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dìfang</span><span class="font9"> means "areas," "aspects" (NOT "places") in the first sentence of No. </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">V.</span><span class="font9"> Thus </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shouxide dìfang</span><span class="font9"> means "areas/aspects one is familiar with."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiàng nín qíngjiào</span><span class="font9"> is a polite way of requesting advice from someone— for example, a teacher, an advisor, or a senior colleague. Here, the prepositional verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font9"> means "from." (You learned </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font9"> as "towards" in the Directions Module.) Literally, it means "facing." Less formally, you may also say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn nín qíngjiào</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qíng jiào</span><span class="font9"> (literally, "request instruction") may be reduplicated or used with an object in sentences like the following:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào I would like to consult with you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">yíjiàn shì. about something.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo yào gēn nín qíngjiào qīngj iào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǐhòu hái yào...</span><span class="font9">: In this sentence, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hái</span><span class="font9"> means "still more," or "additionally."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhēn shi tài kèqi</span><span class="font9">, "really too polite," is a variation of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nín zhēn tài kèqi</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi</span><span class="font9"> is sometimes used simply to show that the subject of a sentence fits the description that follows.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Zhèiwèi shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiāo jīngjixué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwèi shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínhǎng gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Zhèiwèi shi Huáng Tàitai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huáng, who works at the Bank of Taiwan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This is Mrs. Huáng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 4</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiàoshòu</span><span class="font9">, "professor": The first syllable in this word means "teaching." Notice that the tone on </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiào</span><span class="font9"> is different from the tone on the verb "to teach," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiāo</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Táidà</span><span class="font9"> is the abbreviation for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Táiwān Dàxuě</span><span class="font9">, "Taiwan University."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèiwèi shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Táiwān Yínhǎng gōngzuò</span><span class="font9"> looks like a run-on sentence, with the pronoun </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā</span><span class="font9"> dropped from the second part of the sentence. In Chinese, this is a perfectly good way to add a second clause to a sentence. To characterize a person or thing just identified, the Chinese simply attach a descriptive sentence and omit the subject. You have already learned this pattern: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē you yige Xīnhuá Shūdiàn</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn dà</span><span class="font9">. Here are some additional examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā tàitai shi Rìběn rén, His wife is Japanese; she is in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">xiànzài zài Shànghǎi. Shànghǎi now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ yǒu yige pengyou xing Wú, I have a friend named Wú who teaches</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zài Dōnghǎi Dàxué jiāo shū, at Dōnghǎi University. He is míngnián xiǎng dào Měiguo qù. planning to go to America next</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">year.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark58"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark213"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Qing jin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Fù Tàitai, nín hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zhè shi yìdiān xiǎo yìsi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Section Chief Huang, Mrs. Huang— welcome.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please come in.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How are you, Mrs. Franklin?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here is a small token of appreciation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on Nos. 1-2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎo yìsi</span><span class="font9">; You have already seen </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìsi</span><span class="font9"> in the expression </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">you yìsi</span><span class="font9">, ”to be interesting." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìsi</span><span class="font9"> means "meaning," "significance,” "intention," "idea." In No. 2, above, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎo yìsi</span><span class="font9"> (literally, "small CgoodJ intent") is an idiomatic expression meaning "a small (token of my) feelings of appreciation."</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: WS zhīdào nín xīhuan shān-shuī huà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Tèbié qīng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Lai, wǒ gěi nīmen jièshao j ièshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I know you like landscape paintings.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You are really too polite. Thanks.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shānshuī</span><span class="font9">, "mountains and rivers," "scenery with hills and water," is a compound made up of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shān</span><span class="font9">, "mountain," and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuī</span><span class="font9">, "water." In </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shānshuī, shuī </span><span class="font9">refers to rivers or lakes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tèbié qīng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng</span><span class="font9">: Notice that the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huà</span><span class="font9"> is followed by the completion marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9">. For this reason, the sentence means that the painting has been finished. The completed-action sense of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huàle </span><span class="font9">might be captured by looser translations of the sentence, like "I asked a friend, and he painted one for you" and "I asked a friend, who painted one for you."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The sentence </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ tèbié qīng péngyou gěi nín huà yìzhāng,</span><span class="font9"> without </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9">, does not indicate whether the painting has been finished or not. The sentence might be used when a speaker thinks that a painting has not yet been finished.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark57"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark214"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">fāngfǎ fázi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">method, way, means method, way (Běijīng)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huà(r) (yìzhāng) huānyíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to paint a painting to welcome</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiànmiàn jiàoshòu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">. *• j in jiǔyǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to meet someone, to see someone professor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to enter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">glad to meet you</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qīngjiào qǐng zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to ask advice, to consult please sit down</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shānshuǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">mountains and rivers, scenery with hills and water</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shānshuǐ huà(r) (yìzhāng) shèhuìxué</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">shóuxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">landscape painting sociology</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to bp familiar</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tǎidà tèhié túshūguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Taiwan University especially library</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiàng xiǎo yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">towards; from</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">a token of appreciation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to sit</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">biǎoyǎn bú dà hǎo mǎi duì... shouxi Jiàoyubù mǎi cài song gei xī yīshang yanjiu yòuéryuǎn you huà zhǎnlǎn zhàogu zuò fàn zuòyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to give a demonstration not very easy to buy to be familiar with Ministry of Education to buy groceries to give to to wash clothes to study, to do research kindergarten oil painting exhibition to take care of to cook homework</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">7. B: Nali, nali.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Xīwang yīhòu yǒu jīhui duō jiànmiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not at all, not at all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">fāngfǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">method, way, means</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fázi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">method, way</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">huàr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">painting (Běijīng pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">qīng zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">please sit down</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shèhuìxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">sociology</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">túshūguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">library</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to sit</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h4><a name="bookmark215"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark216"></a>UNIT 4</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark56"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark217"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Huang Kēzhang, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Qing jin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: FÙ Tàitai, nín hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Wo zhīdao nín xīhuan shānshuí huà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Tèbié qing péngyou gǒi nín huàle yìzhāng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">*A: Nín zhēn shi tai kèqi. Xièxie.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Lái, wǒ gei nǐmen jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Táidà jiāo jīngjixué.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhang, zài Taiwan Yínháng gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Zhèiwei shi Huang Tàitai.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. B: Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nín láile duo jiǔ le?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gang lái liǎngge yuè.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. C: Hái you hěn duō hù shouxide dìfang.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Yihòu hái yào xiàng nín qingjiào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Section Chief Huáng, Mrs. Huáng— welcome.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please come in.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How are you, Mrs. Franklin?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Here is a small token of appreciation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I know you like landscape paintings.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You are really too polite. Thanks.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huáng, who works at the Bank of Taiwan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This is Mrs. Huáng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Glad to meet you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How long have you been here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">There is still much I’m not familiar with.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">*The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐde fàn gēn tāde yíyàng duo. chī</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐde diànhuà gēn tāde yíyàng duō. dā</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nǐde Zhōngguo huà gēn tāde yíyàng hāo. shuō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ chī fàn, chīde gēn tā yíyàng duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ dā diànhuà, dāde gēn tā yíyàng duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde gēn tā yíyàng hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ qǐngle jǐge rén? (How many people did you invite?)</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tā hē shénme? (What does he drink?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ qǐng shei?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā māile jǐben shū?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ qǐng shénme rén?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā dào nār qù le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐ yǒu duōshao qian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ méi qǐng jǐge rén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I didn’t invite many at all.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā bù hē shénme.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He doesn’t drink much of anything.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bù qǐng shéi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā méi māi jǐben shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ bù qǐng shénme rén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā méi dào nār qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ méiyou duōshao qian.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wo bù néng dào Zhōngguo qù. Wode Zhōngwěn bù xíng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I can’t go to China. My Chinese isn’t good enough.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā bù kéyi xué Zhōngwěn. Tā méiyou gōngfu.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ bù kéyi mǎi dōngxi. Wǒde qian bú gòu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǒ bù néng qù kàn péngyou. Wǒ méiyou gōngfu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ bù néng shuō Zhōngguo huà. Wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ bù néng gēn tā qù chī fàn. Wǒ méiyou shíjiān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ bù kéyi qù kāi hui. Wo tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Wǒ hěn xīwàng dào Zhōngguo qù, búguò kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngwěn bù xíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I hope very much to go to China, but I’m afraid my Chinese isn’t good enough.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā hěn xīwàng xué Zhōngwěn, búguò kǒngpà tā méiyou gōngfu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn xīwàng mǎi dōngxi, búguò kǒngpà wǒde qian bú gòu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn xīwàng qù kàn péngyou, búguò kǒngpà wǒ méiyou gōngfu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn xīwàng shuō Zhōngguo huà, búguò kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn xīwàng gēn tā qù chī fàn, búguò kǒngpà wǒ méiyou shíjiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn xīwàng qù kāi hui, búguò kǒngpà wǒ tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wide chā gēn tāde yíyàng duō. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) hē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(You have as much tea as he does.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nīde dōngxi gēn tāde yíyàng piǎnyi. mǎi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng duō. niàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">4. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng hǎo. jiāo</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Nī hē chǎ, hēde gēn tā yíyàng duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(You drink as much tea as he does.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī mǎi dōngxi, mǎide gēn tā yíyàng piǎnyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī niàn shū, niànde gēn tā yíyàng duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nī jiāo shū, jiāode gēn tā yíyàng hǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">E.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā tīngbujiàn. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā búdàn tīngbujiàn yā</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) kànbujiàn kànbujiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He can’t hear.) (Not only can’t he hear, Chut]</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">he can’t see either.)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuōbuduì.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tíngbudong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yā tíngbudong.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chībuhāo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hēbuhāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn chībuhāo yā hēbuhāo.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuōbuduì.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xiābuduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yā xiābuduì.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kànbudǒng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tíngbudong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn kànbudǒng yā tíngbudong</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tíngbudong.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuōbuduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn tíngbudong yā shuōbuduì</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">kànbuj iàn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">tīngbujiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yā tīngbujiàn</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">F.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Combination Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā shuōde bù hao. Tā tíngbudong.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(He speaks poorly. He can’t understand.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Tā shuōde bù hāo. Wo shuōde bù hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He speaks poorly. I speak poorly.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā niànde hāo. Tā xiědehāo.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā niànde hāo. Wǒ niànde hāo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā tíngbudong. Tā shuōbuhāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā kāide bù hāo. Wǒ kāide bù hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā kànbujiàn. Tā tíngbudong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā búdàn shuōde bù hāo yā tíngbudong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(He not only speaks poorly, Cbutl he can’t understand either.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Budàn tā shuōde bù hāo wǒ ye shuōde bù hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Not only does he speak poorly, Cbutl I speak poorly too.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn niànde hāo yā xiedehāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Búdàn tā niànde hāo wǒ yā niànde hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn tíngbudong yā shuōbuhāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Búdàn tā kāide bù hāo wǒ yā kāide bù hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yā tíngbudong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wáng Xiānsheng zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhōngguo wénxué</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zhào Xiáo j ie zài’ Táiwān Dàxué gōngzuò ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhōngguo lìshī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo Zhōngguo wénxué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo lìshī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">D. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wo gěi nīmen Jièshao jièshao.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) Wáng Tongzhì (i’ll introduce you.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wō gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Liú Tongzhì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Zhào Tongzhì</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Xiānsheng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Yáng Nushì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Zhāng Kēzhǎng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ gěi nīmen jièshao jièshao. Lī Shàoxiào</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Wáng Tongzhì jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would very much like to introduce you and Comrade Wáng.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Liú Tongzhì Jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhào Téngzhì jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Xiānsheng jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Yáng Nushì jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Lǐ Shàoxiào jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wo xiǎng qǐng nín. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) women jiā</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would like to invite you.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">OR Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) fànguǎnr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would like to invite you.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā xiǎng qǐng nín.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Mínzú Fàndiàn</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. wǒ fùmù jiā</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Běijīng Fàndiàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. nèige fànguǎnr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. wǒ jiā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào women jiā lǎi chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would like to invite you to our house for a simple meal.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào fànguǎnr qù chī </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">ge</span><span class="font9"> biànfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would like to invite you to go to a restaurant for a simple meal.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiǎng qǐng nín dào Mínzu Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo xiǎng qǐng nín dào wǒ fùmǔ jiā lǎi chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào Běijīng Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào nèige fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ jiā lǎi chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā zài Tǎiwān Dàxué gōngzuò ma? (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) jīngjixuě</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(Does he work at Taiwan University?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā zài Dezhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? lìshī</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Lī Xiānsheng zài Jiāzhōu Dàxuě gōngzuò ma? zhèngzhixuě</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Chén Xiānsheng zài Bīnzhōu Dàxuě gōngzuò ma? Zhōngwěn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Andesēn Xiānsheng zài Tǎiwān Dàxuě gōngzuò ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yīngguo wěnxuě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Duì le. Tā zài Tǎiwān Dàxuě jiāo Jīngjixuě.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(That’s right. He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duì le. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué jiāo lìshī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duì le. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxuě jiāo zhèngzhixuě.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duì le. Tā zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué jiāo Zhōngwěn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duì le. Tā zài Tǎiwān Dàxué jiāo Yīngguo wěnxuě.</span></p>
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark55"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark218"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Huáng Kēzhǎng, ni míngtiān</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">míngtiān wǎnshang yǒu zāoshang you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gōngfu ma? (Section Chief Huáng, are you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) míngtiān free tomorrow morning?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zāoshang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Section Chief Huáng, are you free tomorrow evening?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī míngtiān zāoshang you gōngfu ma? Xīngqīsì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīntiān wǎnshang</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī jīntiān wǎnshang yǒu gōngfu ma? xiǎ Xīngqīliù</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">zhèige Xīngqīwǔ</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ yǒu gōngfu ma? zhèige yuè qíhào</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Huáng Kēzhǎng, ni zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù yǒu gōngfu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ yǒu gōngfu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Huáng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ěrqiě</span><span class="font9">, "furthermore," "moreover": Use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">erqiě</span><span class="font9"> at the beginning of a sentence or clause.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèige huāpíng tai guì, érqiě yě tài da le. Wǒ hù xiang mǎi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">This vase is too expensive, and furthermore it's too big. I don’t want to buy it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fan</span><span class="font9">, "(cooked) rice": The definition of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fan</span><span class="font9"> is qualified as "cooked" because the Chinese use several words for "rice," depending on whether it is in the field, ready to cook, or on the table.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo shū</span><span class="font9"> is a verb plus a general object meaning "to teach." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo</span><span class="font9"> may be used without its general object, as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo Zhōngwén</span><span class="font9">, "teach the Chinese language."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méiy</span><span class="font9">ou </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duōshao</span><span class="font9"> qián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hú</span><span class="font9"> yào </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jīge</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">I do</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">n't</span><span class="font9"> have </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">any</span><span class="font9"> money </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">to speak of.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I do</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">n't</span><span class="font9"> want </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hut a few</span><span class="font9">. (I want only</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">a few.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suíhiàn</span><span class="font9"> is a frequently used expression which has connotations of ’’casual," as contrasted with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kèqi</span><span class="font9">, "proper" or "formal." Literally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">suíhiàn </span><span class="font9">means "according to convenience." Here are some examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zenme zuò? How shall we do it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suíhiàn. However you like.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suíhiàn shénme shíhou lái. Come anytime you like.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Suíhiàn zuò nār dōu kéyi. You may sit anywhere you like.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nà jiù xiān xiè le</span><span class="font9">: In this sentence, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nà</span><span class="font9"> is acting as an adverh meaning "in that case," "if so," or "then." The English translation "i’ll thank you in advance, then" is very formal. You would he more likely to say something like "Great. I'm looking forward to it."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">bù tong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be different</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tea</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">chī fàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to eat, to have a meal</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">dànshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">but</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">érqiě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">furthermore, moreover</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">fàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">(cooked) rice</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to drink</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiāo shū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to teach</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù téng</span><span class="font9"> may he used in much the same way as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hù yíyàng</span><span class="font9">. Note that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hù tong </span><span class="font9">occurs only in the negative. (There is no </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tong</span><span class="font9">.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shanghai huà hé Beijing huà The Shanghai dialect and the Běijīng hěn hù tong. dialect are very different.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chi fàn</span><span class="font9">, "to eat," is an example of a verh plus a general object used to express a general activity. The verh </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chi</span><span class="font9"> may also take specific objects, such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">miàn</span><span class="font9">, "noodles. ’’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dànshi</span><span class="font9">, "but," is used much like </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kēshi</span><span class="font9">, "but."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Héběi rén tīngdedǒng Běijīng huà ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tīngdedǒng, dànshi Héběi huà hé Běijīng huà bù yíyàng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Can people from Héběi understand the Běijīng dialect?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yes, but the Héběi dialect and the Běijīng dialect are different.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tāde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíyàng.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(my car</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">his car</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">alike)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"My car is like his.”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font9"> may be used to compare nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, and clauses. Often one of the two phrases or clauses is a shorter form of the other.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ shuōde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Měiguo rén (shuōde)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíyàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hāo.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(you speak</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">American Espeak!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">equally</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">good)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"You speak as well as an American."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">tāde (chē)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíyàng.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(my car</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">his tear!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">alike)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"My car is like his (car)."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Nǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(kāide)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kāide</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíyàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kuài.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Edrive!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">me</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">drive</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">equally</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fast)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"You drive as fast as I do."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Wǒ méi qǐng shénme rén. Hen suíbiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nà jiù xiān xià le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t invited anyone special.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s very informal.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Méi qǐng shénme rén</span><span class="font9">: In this sentence, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénme</span><span class="font9"> is not the question word "what" but is the indefinite "any." When used with bù or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénme rén</span><span class="font9"> means "anyone special," or "anyone in particular." All question words may follow the verbs in negative statements to give similar meanings. Here are some examples of "an</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">y</span><span class="font9"> special" meanings:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font9"> chī </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénme</span><span class="font9"> fàn. I did</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">n’t</span><span class="font9"> eat </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">much of anything</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font9"> gēn </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shéi</span><span class="font9"> qù. I did</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">n’t</span><span class="font9"> go with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">anybody special</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font9"> dào </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nār</span><span class="font9"> qù. I did</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">n’t</span><span class="font9"> go </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">anyplace in particular</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font9"> is always part of the manner adverb expression but alternates with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9"> in compound verbs of result. Manner adverb expressions expand to allow not only for negation but also for additional adverbs such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font9">. Compound verbs of result cannot do this. There are always three, and only three, parts to the compound verb of result.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Nali, nāli.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn ban duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Not at all, not at all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You speak as well as an American.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That would be fine.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. U-5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn...yíyàng hǎo</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíyàng</span><span class="font9"> is an adjectival verb meaning "to be the same." When a sentence tells you in what respect the compared items are alike, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíyàng</span><span class="font9"> acts as an adverb and may be translated as "equally."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women liǎngge rénde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíyàng.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(the cars belonging to the two of us</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">alike)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"Our cars are alike."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Women liǎngge rénde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíyàng guì.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(the cars belonging to the two of us</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">equally expensive)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"Our cars are equally expensive."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The area of comparability may be described by predicates other than adjectival verbs.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen liǎngge rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">yíyàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">xǐhuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">niàn shū.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(the two of them</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">both</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">equally</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">like</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to study)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">"The two of them are equally studious."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The items being compared may be expressed separately, using </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9">. In this case, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9"> is the prepositional verb meaning "with." The item preceding </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn </span><span class="font9">is compared WITH the object of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Nà tài hǎo lé!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hěn xīwang gēn ta tántan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Búguò, kǒngpà wode Yīngwēn bù xíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, yǒu shíhou yě tīngbudong.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s wonderful!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I wish very much to talk with her.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can’t understand what I hear either.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tài hǎo le</span><span class="font9">, "wonderful," or, more literally, "too good." You have seen </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font9"> translated as "excessively," or "too": "It’s too expensive!" </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tài guì le! </span><span class="font9">In other contexts, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font9"> simply indicates an extreme degree and is translated as "very." When used this way, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font9"> is commonly heavily stressed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhèiběn shū zhēn shi tài you This book is really very interesting! yìsi le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Búguò</span><span class="font9">, "however," is often interchangeable with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kēshi</span><span class="font9">, "but," and is therefore used more frequently than the English "however."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kǒngpà</span><span class="font9"> means "to be afraid </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">that</span><span class="font9"> ^something is/is not the easel." It sometimes means "probably," as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèiběn shū kǒngpà shi tāde</span><span class="font9">, "This book is probably his."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Búdàn...yě...</span><span class="font9"> is equivalent to the English "not only...but also...."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Here are some examples:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">búdàn</span><span class="font9"> hui shuō Zhōngwěn, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yě</span><span class="font9"> hui shuō Rìwén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">búdàn</span><span class="font9"> bù xīhuan hongde, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yě</span><span class="font9"> bù xīhuan lǎnde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Not only</span><span class="font9"> can he speak Chinese, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">but</span><span class="font9"> he can </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">also</span><span class="font9"> speak Japanese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Not only</span><span class="font9"> doesn’t he like the red one, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">but</span><span class="font9"> he doesn’t like the blue one </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">either</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tīngbudong</span><span class="font9">, "can’t understand": The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǒng</span><span class="font9"> is used to indicate the result in a compound verb of result. Here is another example of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǒng</span><span class="font9"> used in this way:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zhōngwěn bàozhī nī kàndedǒng Can you read (and understand) Chinese kànbuclǒng? newspapers?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shuōde bù hǎo</span><span class="font9"> VS. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tīngbudong</span><span class="font9">: The many ways in which one-syllable Chinese verbs may be combined to make patterns and compounds can be confusing. In No. 3, you see both an action verb and its manner adverb (in the negative), </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuōde bù hǎo</span><span class="font9">, and a compound verb of result (in its "unable" form), </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tīngbudong</span><span class="font9">. Compare these two forms:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">ACTION ACTION MARKER or NEG.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">VERB MARKER NEG. ADV. MANNER VERB (not both) RESULT</span></p>
- <div style="border:solid;">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-dǒng</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">tīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">-de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">-dǒng</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div style="border:solid;">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-DE</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hǎo</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">-DE</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">hěn hǎo</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hebì</span><span class="font9"> is a somewhat formal way of saying "Why is it necessary to___?’’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">He</span><span class="font9"> is a literary word for "why." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bì</span><span class="font9"> is a literary word for "must." (You may recognize it from </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">hú bì</span><span class="font9">, "need not," "to be unnecessary.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that the first speaker in exchange 2 does not respond to the dinner invitation with an immediate "Thank you, I would love to," as one might do in English. Instead, the Chinese prefer the equivalent of "That’s too kind of you" or "Oh, you really shouldn’t." When you receive an indefinite invitation (like "I hope you can come over to my house for dinner some day"), do not ask immediately for the date and time. Rather, you should thank the person for his politeness and say that you also hope that you can get together. Vague invitations may simply be in superficial accordance with the rules of etiquette, and you might put your acquaintance on the spot by accepting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú shi kèqi</span><span class="font9"> is the appropriate response when a person suggests that you are treating him too politely.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo</span><span class="font9">, "to teach," is a verb which requires a general object when no specific object is mentioned. Contrast </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiāo shū</span><span class="font9">, "to teach," with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiāo jīngjixué</span><span class="font9">, "to teach economics."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐmen liǎngwèi</span><span class="font9"> means "the two of you," or "you two." The other plural pronouns may be used similarly:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen sìge rén dōu yǐjīng Those four have all been there already, qùguo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen sānge rén dōu xiǎng All three of them are planning to niàn lìshī. study history.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A number phrase may also follow a list of nouns or pronouns in Chinese. Either the listing or the number is usually omitted in the English translation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ, nī, tā sānge rén dōu qù, Why don’t all three of us go? hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Lī Xiānsheng gēn Wáng Both Mr. Lī and Mr. Wáng (the two of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xiānsheng liǎngwèi dōu them) called me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gei wo dǎle diànhuà le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi nīmen liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao</span><span class="font9">: There are two things to note in this sentence. First of all, while the English language "introduces two people TO each other," the Chinese language "introduces FOR the two people," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi...jièshao</span><span class="font9">. Secondly, the speaker has chosen to repeat the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jièshao</span><span class="font9">. In a sentence expressing the speaker’s desired course of action, the reduplicated form of the verb makes the statement less blunt and demanding.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark54"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark219"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Huáng Kēzhāng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ xiang qīng nín he nín fūren dào women jiā lái chi ge biànfàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Section Chief Huáng, are you free Saturday of next week?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a simple meal.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiàge Xīngqīliù</span><span class="font9"> means “Saturday of next week." "Saturday of this week" is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèige Xīngqīliù</span><span class="font9">, and "Saturday of last week" is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàngge Xīngqīliù</span><span class="font9">.<a name="footnote25"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark220">25</a></sup></span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chī ge biànfàn</span><span class="font9">: Here the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī</span><span class="font9">, "to eat Esomething]," takes the object </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">(yi)ge biànfàn</span><span class="font9">, "a simple/informal family meal." When talking about the general activity of eating, however, use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī</span><span class="font9"> with the general object </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fan</span><span class="font9">, literally "(cooked) rice": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī fan</span><span class="font9">, "to eat"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">biànfàn</span><span class="font9"> is used as a modest description in inviting guests for a meal served in the home. The meal is generally "simple" only in the sense of not being a banquet. A Chinese family meal usually consists of several dishes plus a soup.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Bú shi kèqi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cóng Měiguo lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Tā xiànzài zài Táiwān Dàxue Jiāo JīngJixué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ hen xiàng gěi nīmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why is it necessary to be so polite? It’s not politeness.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have a friend who has just come from America.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would very much like to introduce the two of you.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark53"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark221"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">biànfàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">būdàn...yě búguò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bù tong</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">chá</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">chī fàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">dànshi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">érqiě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">fàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hē hébì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">jiāo shū jièshao</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kǒngpà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">suíbiàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tài hǎo le! tīngbudǒng tīngdedǒng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">xīwàng (xīwàng)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">yíyàng yǒu shíhou (yǒu shihou)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">cānjiā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">dǎ (ge) diànhuà hǎode duō tīng diànhuà yānhuo yǒuyuánhuì zhèng hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">a simple, informal meal</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">not only...but also</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">however, but</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be different</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">tea</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to eat, to have a meal</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">but</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">furthermore, moreover</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(cooked) rice</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to drink</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">why is it necessary (to)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to teach</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">. to introduce</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be afraid that (something is or is not the case)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to be informal/casual; as you like, as you wish, whatever suits you, "according to convenience"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">wonderful!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">cannot understand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">can understand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to hope, to wish to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">- to be alike/equal</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">sometimes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to attend</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to make a phone call</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">much better</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to answer the phone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">fireworks display</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">carnival</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">just right</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C—1 and. P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bu. tong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to be different</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">tea</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">chī fàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to eat, to have a meal</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dànshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">but</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">ěrqiě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">furthermore, moreover</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">fàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">(cooked) rice</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">hē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to drink</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">l’+.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiāo shū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to teach</span></p></td></tr>
- </table><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-12.png" alt="" style="width:453pt;height:296pt;">
- <h4><a name="bookmark222"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark223"></a>UNIT 3</span></h4>
- <h5><a name="bookmark52"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark224"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">(in Taipei)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. A: Huáng Kēzhāng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wo xiāng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women jiā lái chī ge "biànfàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Bu shi kèqi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cǒng Měiguo lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Tā xiànzài zài Táiwān Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ hen xiāng gěi nīmen liāngwèi jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. B: Nà tài hāo le!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tántan.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Búdàn shuōde bù hāo, you shíhou yě tingbudong.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. A: Náli, náli.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo ren yíyàng hāo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. <a name="footnote26"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark225">26</a></sup>A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiān bàn duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suíbiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Nà jiù xiān xiè le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Section Chief Huáng, are you free Saturday of next week?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a simple meal.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Why is it necessary to be so polite?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It’s not politeness.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I have a friend who has just come from America.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I would very much like to introduce the two of you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That’s wonderful!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I wish very much to talk with her.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not only don’t I speak well, (but) sometimes I can’t understand what I hear either.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Not at all, not at all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You speak as well as an American.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">That would be fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I haven’t invited anyone special. It’s very informal.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Nǐ qù nǎr? (Where are you going?)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Nǐ dào nǎr qù?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tǎ qù shénme dìfang?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tǎ dào shénme dìfang qù?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐ mǎi neige?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Nǐ kàn neibān?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Ni zuò shénme?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ nǎr dōu qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(I’m going everywhere.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ nǎr dōu qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ neige dōu mǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo neibān dōu kàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ shénme dōu zuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Shéi lǎi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) everyone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Who is coming?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Shéi kéyi? anyone will do</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Shéi lǎi? no one</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Nǐ mǎi neige? all of them</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǐ dào nǎr qù? nowhere at all</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Neige hǎo? all of them</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Shéi hui shuō Zhōngguo huà? everyone</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Shéi dōu lǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Everyone is coming.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shéi dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shéi dōu bù lǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo neige dōu mǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ nǎr dōu bú qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Neige dōu hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shéi dōu hui shuō Zhōngguo huà</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">F. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Women míngtiān zài zhèr jiàn ne, hāishi zài nàr Jiàn ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) nǎr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Shall we meet here or there tomorrow?)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Women zuò huǒchē qù ne, hāishi zuò fēijī qù ne? zěnme</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Women míngtiān jiúdiǎn zhōng jiàn ne, hāishi shídiǎn zhōng jiàn ne? jīdiǎn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">H. Women zuò qìchē qù ne, hāishi zuò huǒchē qù ne? shenme chē</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Women míngtiān qù ne, hāishi hòutiān qù ne? něitiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Women Xīngqīyī qù ne, hāishi Xīngqīèr qù ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">xīngqījǐ</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Women zuò fēijī qù ne, hāishi zuò huǒchē qù ne? zěnme</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Zài nǎr jiàn dōu keyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Anywhere would be fine.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Zěnme qù dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīdiǎn zhōng jiàn dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Shénme chē dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Něitiān qù dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīngqījǐ qù dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Zěnme qù dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">G. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Shéi lāi? (Who is coming?)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Shénme dìfang bù hǎo?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Něige dìfang kéyi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Shéi bú hui?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Nǎr hǎo?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā shénme shíhou néng qù?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Nī něitiān bù māng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">; Shéi dōu lāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Everyone is coming.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shénme dìfang dōu bù hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Něige dìfang dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shéi dōu bú hui.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎr dōu hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shénme shíhou dōu néng qù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ něitiān dōu bù māng.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">D.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">E.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">2.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">; Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) shéi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Any time would be fine.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shéi dōu kéyi. nǎr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎr dōu kéyi. něige</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Něige dōu kéyi. shénme dìfang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi. duōshao</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duōshao dōu kéyi. duo jiǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) any length of time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Any time would be fine.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jǐdiǎn zhōng dōu kéyi. any number of hours</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎitiān dōu kéyi. any number of days</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Něiniǎn dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">any number of years</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xīngqījǐ dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">any number of weeks</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīhāo dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">any number of days</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jǐyuè dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">any number of months</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Shéi dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Anyone would be fine.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎr dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Neige dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duōshao dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duo j iǔ dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(Any length of time would be fine.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Jǐge zhōngtou dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jǐniǎn dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jǐge xīngqī dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jǐge yuè dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wang Tǒngzhì xiànzài zài gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jiǎnghuà. yìhuǐr</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Lǐ Nushì xiànzài zài gēn Wang Dàshī kāi hui. Jīntiān</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Zhū Tongzhì xiànzài zài xué Zhōngwěn. xiàwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">Yìhuǐr qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo hu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jīntiān qīng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo hu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xiàwǔ qīng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo hu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Wo xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(I would like to talk with you in person.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni yíjiàn shì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tantan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni yìdiǎnr shì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni sāndiǎn zhōng yǒu gōngfu meiyou.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wo gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wen ni yíjiàn shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wen ni jǐdiǎn zhōng yǒu gōngfu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wen ni yìdiǎnr shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wen ni sāndiǎn zhōng yǒu gōngfu meiyou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark51"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark226"></a>DRILLS</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">A. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) dā diànhuà</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(He is at a meeting now.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Tā xiànzài zài dā diànhuà. děng ni</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni. gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà. gōngzuò</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">5. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò. j iāng huà</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">6. Tā xiànzài zài Jiāng huà. huàn qián</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">7. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Tā xiànzài zài dā diànhuà. (He is making a phone call now.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiànzài zài děng ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiànzài zài jiāng huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">B.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1.</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font9">: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font9">) yìhuǐr</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">(He is at a meeting now.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. Wáng Tongzhì xiànzài zài jiāng huà. xiàwǔ</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. Zhāng Tongzhì xiànzài zài xue Zhōngguo huà. shàngwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. Mā Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài dā diànhuà. mingtiān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font9">: Yìhuǐr qǐng tā gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà, hāo bu hāo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(In a little while please ask him to call me back. All right?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hāo bu hāo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shàngwǔ qīng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hāo bu hāo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Míngtiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hāo bu hao?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">nuclear engineer nurse</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">office staff worker (Chinese) opera performer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">paint er (art i st) pharmacist pilot policeman postman professor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">reporter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">sailor salesman secretary servant shoemaker shoe repairman store clerk, salesperson</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">teacher typist</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(star) vocalist</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">waiter, waitress</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hézǐ gōngchéngshī hùshi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zhiyuan jīngjù yǎnyuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huàj iā yàojìshī fēixíngyuán Jǐngchá youdìyuán Jiàoshòu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Jìzhě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hǎiyuán, shuǐshǒu, chuányuán tuīxiāoyuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">mìshū yòngren xiéj iàngshīfu xiūxiéde shòuhuòyuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">j iàoyuán dǎzìyuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gēxīng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">fàndiàn fúwùyuán</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark227"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark228"></a>VOCABULARY BOOSTER</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Occupations</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">accountant actor, actress architect athlete</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">author, writer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">barber blue-collar worker builder businessman</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">carpenter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">chemical engineer civil engineer civil servant composer cook customs official</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">diplomat doctor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(newspaper) editor electrical engineer electrician employee, clerk, attendant</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">farmer, peasant fisherman</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gardener governess government minister</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">housewife</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lawyer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">manager mayor mechanic mechanical engineer movie star musician</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">kuàij ìshī yǎnyuān jiànzhùshī. yùndòngyuán zuò j iā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">līfàshī, līfàde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gōngrén yíngzàoshāng shāngrén</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">mùjiang, mùgōng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">huàxué gōngchéngshī tǔmù gōngchéngshī gōngwùyuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zuòqùj iā chúshī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">hǎiguān guānyuān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">wàij iāoguān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">dàifu, yīshēng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">biānji</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">diànjī gōngchéngshī diàngōng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">fùwùyuān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">nongmín yumín</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">yuándīng, huājiàng bǎomǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">bùzhǎng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">jiātíng zhǔfù, jiātíng fùnù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">lùshī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">jīnglǐ shìzhang Jīxièshī, Jīxièyuán jīxiè gōngchéngshī diànyīng míngxīng yīnyuèj iā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">?• A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào wǒ zhèr lǎi, xíng hu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Where shall we meet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please come over here at two o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào wǒ zhèr lǎi</span><span class="font9"> means, literally, "come over to the place where I am." While plurals such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">women zhèr</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐmen nàr</span><span class="font9"> often refer to institutions, the singular </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ zhèr</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ nàr</span><span class="font9">, and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā nàr</span><span class="font9"> usually refer to any place where a person might he. In an office shared hy two people, for instance, you could say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ zhèr meiyou Yǐng-Hàn zìdiǎn; nín nàr yǒu meiyou?</span><span class="font9"> "I don’t have an English-Chinese dictionary over here; do you have one over there?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào</span><span class="font9">, like </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">, is a verh which requires a place word as its object. Sentences like "Come over here to me" and "Go over there to Mr. Wǎng" must he translated as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào wǒ zhèr lǎi</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào Wǎng Xiānsheng nar qù</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèr</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàr</span><span class="font9"> make </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ</span><span class="font9"> and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǎng Xiānsheng</span><span class="font9"> parts of place-word phrases.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">relation, relationship, connection</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiǎng huà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to speak, to talk; a speech</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">lǐngshiguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">consulate</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shìqing (yíjiàn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">matter, business, affair</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">sǐzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">department chief</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">yǒu guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to relate to, to have a bearing on</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">to matter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǒu guānxi</span><span class="font9">: To talk about the relationship of two things, use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">...gēn...yǒu guānxi</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">...he...yǒu guānxi</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Lǐngshiguǎn he dàshiguǎn you shěnmeyàngde guānxi?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">What is the relationship between the consulate and the embassy?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Would tomorrow be all right for you? Any time tomorrow afternoon would be fine.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi</span><span class="font9">, "anytime is okay" (more literally, "whatCeverJ time, all is okay"), illustrates a pattern for expressing the idea of "any" in Chinese: a question word, such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shéi</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénme</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǎr</span><span class="font9">, and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">něitiān</span><span class="font9">, followed by </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9">, "all."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shéi dōu néng qù. Anyone can go.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎr dōu kéyi. Anyplace will do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shénme dōu kéyi. Anything will do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Něitiān dōu hǎo. Any day is good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zěnme zuò dōu hǎo. Any way (you) do it is fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The ideas of "nobody," "nowhere," "nothing," and "none" are expressed by adding </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font9"> after </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font9"> in the pattern above.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shéi dōu bú yào zōu. Nobody wants to leave.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Nǎr dōu bú duì. No place is right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zěnme dōu bù xíng. Noway will do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Shénme dōu méiyou. There is nothing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The "any/no" expression need not be the subject of a sentence; it may also be the object. Even if the expression is the direct object, it must precede the verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shéi dōu xǐhuan. He likes anyone/everyone.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ nǎr dōu bú qù. I won’t go anywhere.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Něige shāngdiàn shénme dōu That store sells everything, mài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā něige dōu bù xǐhuan. He doesn’t like either/any of them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(As objects, many of these expressions must be translated as "every....")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">An "any/no" expression may also be the object of a prepositional verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gēn shéi dōu méi shuō huà. I didn’t speak with anyone.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">U. B: Duibuqǐ, Jīntiān zaoshang nī dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wǒ zài kāi hui, méi shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Méi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nī hěn māng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and didn’t have time to speak with you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It doesn’t matter. I know you are very busy.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dǎ diànhuà</span><span class="font9"> means ”to make a phone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ zuotiān wǎnshang gěi Mǎ Tàitai dǎle yige diànhuà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ dǎ liǎngge diànhuà Jiù lāi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">call." (Literally, dǎ means "to hit.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I called Mrs. Mǎ last night.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’ll be right there after I make a couple of phone calls.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shuō huà</span><span class="font9">, "to speak," is a verb with a general object—literally, "speak words." Verb + general object is often translated into English by a verb alone: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">niàn shū</span><span class="font9">, "to study"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi chē</span><span class="font9">, "to drive."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Méi guānxi</span><span class="font9">: Other translations for this very useful expression are "that’s okay," "don’t worry about it," "it doesn’t make any difference." Literally, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi guānxi</span><span class="font9"> would be translated as "there isn't any connection."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tāntan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. When?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi...</span><span class="font9">: In English, the word "reason," or "purpose," begins the phrase, with the modifying clause following. In Chinese, everything modifying "the purpose" precedes </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">mùdi</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuà </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de mùdi</span><span class="font9"> shi ....</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">The reason why</span><span class="font9"> I called you is . . . .)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mùdi,</span><span class="font9"> "purpose," "aim," "objective": Although translated idiomatically as "reason" in exchange 5» </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">mùdi</span><span class="font9"> does not really mean "reason"/"cause." The English terms should be translated as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuānyīn</span><span class="font9">: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ lāiwǎnde yuānyīn</span><span class="font9">, "the reason I came late"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi ni huí diànhuà</span><span class="font9">, "call you hack": You have learned the prepositional verh </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9">, meaning "for Cthe benefit ofJ." In </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi ni huí diànhuà</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9"> is translated as "to." Because there are two meanings for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9">, occasionally a sentence may he ambiguous. For example, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ gěi ta jìqule liǎnghāo cháyè </span><span class="font9">means either "I sent two packages of tea </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">to</span><span class="font9"> him" or "I mailed out two packages of tea </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">for</span><span class="font9"> him."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duì</span><span class="font9"> is also translated as "to." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duì</span><span class="font9"> introduces the target; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9"> introduces the receiver. In other words, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font9"> expresses the intended direction but does not necessarily imply that the target is reached. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi</span><span class="font9"> usually implies receiving, as you might expect, since it means "give" as a full verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9"> to indicate the receiver when you say</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">gěi ta dǎ diànhuà</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">telephone her write her a letter bought her a house</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">be nice to her be polite to him get angry at her</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">gěi ta xiě yìfēng xìn gěi ta mǎile yige fángzi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">But, to indicate the target, you say</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">duì ta hǎo duì ta kèqi duì ta shēngqì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font9"> is used especially to indicate the target of feelings and attitudes, while </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font9"> is used with actions such as calling, mailing, and sending.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Hǎo, xièxie ni.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Bu xiè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Fine. Thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t mention it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú xiè</span><span class="font9"> is an idiom meaning something like "don’t thank tmel." (Literally, "Don’t thank me" would be </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bie xiè wǒ</span><span class="font9">.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Deng nǐ kànwán bàozhǐ, women chūqu mǎi cài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Xue Yīngwén nan bu nan?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Děng nǐ xuéde shíhou jiu zhīdao le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">When you have finished the paper, we will go out to buy groceries.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is it hard to learn English?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When you study it, then you’ll know.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ni bu shi you yijian shi yao Don’t you have something you want gàosong wǒ ma? to tell me?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Děng chīwán fan zài shuō. Wait until we finish eating; then we’ll talk about it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The translation of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">děng</span><span class="font9"> as "wait until," in the last example above, might</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">suggest that the word is used only in used in past contexts:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuótiān tā méiyou he ni yìqī qù kàn diànyǐng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Meiyou. Děng tā huílaide shíhou dōu shíyīdiān le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Zuotiān tā bādiān zhōng cái huí jiā. Děng tā huí jiā women cái zuò fan, nǐ xiāng jǐdiān cái chī fan.’</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">future contexts. But </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">děng</span><span class="font9"> is also</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Didn’t he go out with you to a movie last night?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No. It was already eleven o’clock when he got home.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Yesterday he didn’t get home until eight o’clock. We didn’t fix dinner until he got home; so imagine what time it was when we ate!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kāi hui</span><span class="font9">, "to meet," "to hold a meeting," is an example of a verb and</span></p>
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font9">its general object.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kāiwán</span><span class="font9">, "finish holding Cthe meeting]": </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wán</span><span class="font9"> is the verb "to finish." It is used as an ending in a compound verb of result in No. 2.<a name="footnote27"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark229">27</a></sup> </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wán </span><span class="font9">expresses the idea of "over," "up," as in "Class is </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">over</span><span class="font9">," "All the paper has been used </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">up</span><span class="font9">."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">But be careful: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán</span><span class="font9"> is not used as a main verb when an object follows the verb. Instead of saying "finish this," using </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán</span><span class="font9"> by itself, you would say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bá zhèige chīwán</span><span class="font9">, "finish eating this"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā zhèige zuòwán</span><span class="font9">, "finish doing this"; or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ zhèige kànwán</span><span class="font9">, "finish reading this."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wán</span><span class="font9"> may sometimes be used as a main verb when there is no object, as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Diànyǐng wán le</span><span class="font9">, "The movie is finished." But far more often </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán</span><span class="font9"> occurs as an ending which indicates result.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Diànhuà</span><span class="font9"> (literally, "electric speech") may mean either "telephone" or "telephone call."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huí diànhuà</span><span class="font9">, "to return a phone call," "to call back": You have learned the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huí</span><span class="font9">, "to return," as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ shenme shíhou huíqu?</span><span class="font9"> "When are you going back?" In No. 2, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huí</span><span class="font9"> takes a direct object, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">diànhuà</span><span class="font9">. Compare </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">huí diànhuà </span><span class="font9">with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǎ diànhuà</span><span class="font9">, "to make a phone call," which is found in exchange 4.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">2. C: Òu, tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. Oh, she is at a meeting now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Děng tā kāiwan hui wǒ gàosong When she is finished, with the meet-tā gěi ni huí diànhuà. ing, I will tell her to return</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">your call.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font9"> is the aspect marker for ongoing actions. It indicates that the action is in progress. The corresponding verb in the English translation usually ends in -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ing</span><span class="font9">. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font9"> is used only with verbs which express actual dynamic action. State and process verbs may not be used with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">. Many action verbs may be used with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">, but some do not have enough "action" to be used (e.g., "sitting").</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā láide shíhou, nǐ zài When he came, you were studying,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">niàn shū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen zài kàn diànyǐng. They are watching a movie.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen zài hē kāfēi. They are drinking coffee.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen zài shàng kè. They are having class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font9"> is placed in front of the verb, unlike other aspect markers, such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">guo</span><span class="font9">, and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To make ongoing-action sentences negative, use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font9">. To form a question with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">, use </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shì bu shi zài</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài,. .ma</span><span class="font9">, or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài bu zai</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">Xuésheng zài shàng kè ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāmen bú zài shàng kè, yǐjīng zǒu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā láide shíhou, ni shì bu shi zài niàn shū?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù, bú zài niàn shū, yǐjīng wánr qu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài bu zai kàn diànshì?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">Are the students having class?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">They are not having class. They have already left.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Weren’t you studying when he came over?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">No, I wasn’t studying. I had already gone out to play.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Is he watching television?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The aspect marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9"> and the aspect marker </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> often occur in the same sentence, indicating absence of change.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài kàn bào ne. She is reading the paper.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Sometimes </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font9"> is used without </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā kàn bào ne. She is reading the paper.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Děng</span><span class="font9">, literally "to wait": In the second sentence of No. 2, the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">děng</span><span class="font9"> is used at the beginning of a phrase to mean "when." Děng may be used with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">de shíhou</span><span class="font9">, "when," in the same phrase. Often, the second part of a sentence beginning with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">děng</span><span class="font9"> will contain an adverb meaning "then"—</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiù</span><span class="font9">, zài, or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">cai</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark49"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark230"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h5>
- <p><span class="font9">1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎnde Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn Wang Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měidàsī</span><span class="font9">: In Chinese, abbreviations are made up of one syllable from each word in a term. In </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měidàsī, měi</span><span class="font9"> stands for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měizhōu</span><span class="font9">, "American continent." </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dà</span><span class="font9"> stands for </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàyángzhǒu</span><span class="font9">, "Oceania" (the islands of the South Central Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand). The ending </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">sī </span><span class="font9">means "department." It is used only within organizations on the national level.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàshiguān</span><span class="font9">: The word </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">guǎn</span><span class="font9"> means "building" or "establishment," as in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">fànguǎn</span><span class="font9">, an establishment where food is sold. The examples below illustrate the use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">guǎn</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">dàshī ambassador</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">dàshiguān embassy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">līngshì consul</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">līngshiguǎn consulate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zhǎnlǎn exhibit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">zhǎnlǎnguǎn exhibition hall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Notice that the </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shī</span><span class="font9"> in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàshiguān</span><span class="font9"> and the </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shì</span><span class="font9"> in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">līngshiguǎn</span><span class="font9"> lose their tones.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíjiàn shì</span><span class="font9">: The counter -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàn</span><span class="font9"> in this expression is also the counter for luggage. </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíjiàn shì</span><span class="font9"> literally means "a piece of business."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎng and Jiǎng huà</span><span class="font9">: The English word "speak," meaning the activity in general, must be translated into Chinese with a verb and its GENERAL OBJECT: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎng huà</span><span class="font9"> In other uses, the verb "to speak," </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎng</span><span class="font9">, may be followed by a specific object or a phrase showing duration, or it may be changed into a multisyllabic verb, such as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiǎngyijiǎng</span><span class="font9">. Other verbs which are used the same way are </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuō huà</span><span class="font9">, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiě zì</span><span class="font9">, and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">niàn shū</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā zài Jiǎng Zhōngguode He is talking about Chinese affairs,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">shìqing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā yījīng Jiǎngle bù shǎo. He has already said a lot.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tāde Jiǎng huà hěn you yìsi. His talk was very interesting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎng</span><span class="font9"> is not used to say that someone said something. Instead, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuō</span><span class="font9"> is used.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Tā shuō tā bù néng lái. He said he could not come.</span></p>
- <h5><a name="bookmark48"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark231"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h5>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">bu xiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">don't mention it</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">dàshi guan diànhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">embassy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">telephone, phone call</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">relation, relationship, connection</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">-Ji an</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">(counter for matters, business, affairs)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">to discuss (something), to talk about (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">jiǎng huà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to speak, to talk; a speech</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">kāi hui kāiwǎn hui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to attend a meeting to finish a meeting</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">līngshiguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">consulate</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">Měidàsī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">Department of American and Oceanic</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Affairs</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">méi guānxi mùdi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">it doesn't matter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">reason, objective, purpose</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">shi (yíjiàn) shìqing (yíjiàn) shuō huà sīzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">matter, business, affair matter, business, affair to speak</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">department chief</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">you guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">to relate, to have a bearing on, to matter</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font9">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font9">in the midst of (marker of ongoing action)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">(</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font9">)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">chī dàxuéshēng diànhuà hàomā dù jià hòulāi lāodòng Qíngbàosī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">to eat</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">college student</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">telephone number</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to spend one's vacation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">later</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to do manual labor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Intelligence Bureau (part of the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">shēnghuo tongyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font9">life</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to agree</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font9">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">8. guānxi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">9. J iǎng huà</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">10. lingshiguǎn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">11. shìqing (yíjiàn)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">12. sīzhǎng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font9">13. you guānxi</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font9">relation, relationship, connection to speak, to talk; a speech consulate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">matter, business, affair</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">department chief</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">to relate to, to have a bearing on, to matter</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 05 and 06_files/Student Text Mods 05 and 06-13.png" alt="" style="width:267pt;height:411pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h4><a name="bookmark232"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark233"></a>UNIT 2</span></h4>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h5><a name="bookmark47"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark234"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h5>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font9">(in Běijīng)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Wǒ shi Jiānǎdà Dàshiguǎnde Qiǎozhì Dǎfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn Wang Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiang.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi hui.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Děng tǎ kāiwǎn hui wo gàosong tǎ gěi ni huí diànhuà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">3. A: Hǎo, xièxie ni.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font9">C: Bú xiè.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font9">U. B: Duìbuqǐ, Jīntiān zāoshang nī dǎ diànhuà laide shíhou wǒ zài kāi hui, měi shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Měi guānxi. Wo zhīdào nī hěn māng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Míngtiān xiàwù shěnme shíhou dōu kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">7. A: Zài nǎr Jiàn ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qīng ni dào wǒ zhèr lǎi, xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng Jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Oh, she is at a meeting now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your call.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Fine. Thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Don’t mention it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and didn’t have time to speak with you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">It doesn’t matter. I know you are very busy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">All right. When?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Would tomorrow be all right for you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Any time tomorrow afternoon would be fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Where shall we meet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Please come over here at two o’clock. All right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">161</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup><a name="bookmark82"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"></span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò</span><span class="font9"> appeared earlier in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò diànti dào èrlou</span><span class="font9">, "Take the elevator to the second floor."</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote2">2</a></sup><a name="bookmark83"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Adjectival verbs are one type of STATE verb. See BIO, Unit 6.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote3">3</a></sup><a name="bookmark84"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">For a discussion of the use of </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi bu shi</span><span class="font9"> before another verb to form a question, see MON, Unit 5, notes on No. 8.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote4">4</a></sup><a name="bookmark92"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"> This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote5">5</a></sup><a name="bookmark104"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"> This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote6">6</a></sup><a name="bookmark105"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"> This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote7">7</a></sup><a name="bookmark108"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">An object which follows the verb is nonspecific unless marked as specific with </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèi</span><span class="font9"> or </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèi</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote8">8</a></sup><a name="bookmark109"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The literal meaning of the verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòng</span><span class="font9"> is "to use."</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote9">9</a></sup><a name="bookmark116"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The speakers on tape always say </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò Gōnglùjúde chē</span><span class="font9"> for what is written here as </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò Gōnglùjú</span><span class="font9">. Both expressions are acceptable. (See notes on No. 2.)</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote10">10</a></sup><a name="bookmark119"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">In DIR, Unit U, you learned </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànjian</span><span class="font9">, "to see," literally "look-perceive."</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote11">11</a></sup><a name="bookmark126"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"> This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote12">12</a></sup><a name="bookmark127"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote13">13</a></sup><a name="bookmark131"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"></span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōnglǐ</span><span class="font9"> is one of the nouns used without a counter.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote14">14</a></sup><a name="bookmark166"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">A different pattern is used to say that two things are the same. (See MTG, Unit 3, notes on Nos. U-5.)</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote15">15</a></sup><a name="bookmark167"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">To say "A is not as ... as B," you use a different construction, which you will learn in MTG, Unit 6, notes on No. 2.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote16">16</a></sup><a name="bookmark168"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The verb </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lāidejí/lāibují</span><span class="font9"> does not occur without the inserted -de- or -bu-</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote17">17</a></sup><a name="bookmark173"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">0ne </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǐ</span><span class="font9"> is approximately one third of a mile.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote18">18</a></sup><a name="bookmark182"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"></span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎngqilai</span><span class="font9"> is actually pronounced </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiángqilai</span><span class="font9">. The ending -</span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐlái</span><span class="font9"> is in the neutral tone; because </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐ</span><span class="font9"> was originally in the third tone, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font9"> changes to the rising tone.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote19">19</a></sup><a name="bookmark183"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">English prepositions, such as "up," are also used both literally and abstractly: "look up the wall" (an upward motion) and "look up the phone number" (no motion indicated by "up")</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote20">20</a></sup><a name="bookmark184"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"></span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">niánqǐng</span><span class="font9">, "to he young"</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote21">21</a></sup><a name="bookmark185"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"></span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐnggāi</span><span class="font9">, "should"</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote22">22</a></sup><a name="bookmark186"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You have already learned that </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zěnme</span><span class="font9"> can mean "how."</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote23">23</a></sup><a name="bookmark203"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9"></span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">ròu</span><span class="font9">, "meat”</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote24">24</a></sup><a name="bookmark205"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Bù is also used for a "department" of the U.S. government: </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nèizhèngbù</span><span class="font9">, "Department of the Interior"</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote25">25</a></sup><a name="bookmark220"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The words "this," "next," and "last" in English are often ambiguous. "This" sometimes means "Just past," sometimes "the coming," and sometimes "of next week." "Next" sometimes means "the coming" and sometimes means "of next week." "Last" sometimes means "just past" and sometimes means "of last week." In Chinese, however, </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèige</span><span class="font9"> usually means "of this week"; </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàge, </span><span class="font9">"of next week"; and </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàngge</span><span class="font9">, "of last week." But ambiguities do sometimes arise.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font9">Some Chinese consider that the week begins on Sunday. Probably most Chinese however, consider Monday the first day of the week.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote26">26</a></sup><a name="bookmark225"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote27">27</a></sup><a name="bookmark229"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font9">You have already seen </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán</span><span class="font9"> in </span><span class="font9" style="text-decoration:underline;">Piào dōu màiwán le</span><span class="font9">.</span></p>
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