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- <h3><a name="bookmark0"></a><span class="font8"><a name="bookmark1"></a>STANDARD CHINESE</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font5">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark2"></a><span class="font8"><a name="bookmark3"></a>MODULE 8: TRAVELING IN CHINA (TVL)</span></h3>
- <h3><a name="bookmark4"></a><span class="font8"><a name="bookmark5"></a>August 1982</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font5">Copyright © 1980 by John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, Roberta S. Barry and Thomas E. Madden</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">PREFACE</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font5"> originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder, III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff< III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenan Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institut Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Langua Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Delling of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The writers worked as a team, in close cooperation both with the plannir council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. John H. T. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, with Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry writing the tape scripts and the student text. Mr. Harvey designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher's guides, and Ms. Barale prepared the criterion tests. Starting with Module 7, Ms. Barale prepared both text and tape materials.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, ng-chi Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. ng, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, and Joseph Yu Hsu ng. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation ‘ a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Administrative assistance was provided by Vincent Basciano, sa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T.C. Liang, im Madden, Susan C. Pola and Kathleen Strype.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. R</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">am-i</span><span class="font5"> re?, of the jreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by . Chao, Ms. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The glish script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, >. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service istitute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. .dote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese; A Modular Approach</span><span class="font5"> was field-tested with the co->eration of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign irvice Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force ademy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Defense Language Institute printed and distributed the preliminary terials used for field testing and has likewise printed and distributed is edition.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">/James R. Frith, Chairman</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Table of Contents</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark6"><span class="font5">Objectives for the Traveling in China Module </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark7"><span class="font5">About Module Seven </span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Unit 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Map of the Peking Municipality..............</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark8"><span class="font5">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark9"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark10"><span class="font5">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark11"><span class="font5">Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark12"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark13"><span class="font5">Unit 2 Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark14"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark15"><span class="font5">Reference Notes</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark16"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Unit 3</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark17"><span class="font5">Map of the Great Wall</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark18"><span class="font5">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark19"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark20"><span class="font5">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark21"><span class="font5">Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark22"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark23"><span class="font5">Unit U Map of the Thirteen Tombs</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark24"><span class="font5">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark25"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark26"><span class="font5">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark27"><span class="font5">Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark28"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark29"><span class="font5">Unit 5 Map of a Typical Commune............... .</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark30"><span class="font5">Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark31"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark32"><span class="font5">Reference Notes</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark33"><span class="font5">Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark34"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark35"><span class="font5">Unit 6 Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark36"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List. . . .</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark37"><span class="font5">Reference Notes</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark38"><span class="font5">Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark39"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook.</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark40"><span class="font5">Unit 7 Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark41"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark42"><span class="font5">Reference Notes</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark43"><span class="font5">Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark44"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark45"><span class="font5">Unit 8 Reference List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark46"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark47"><span class="font5">Reference Notes</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark48"><span class="font5">Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark49"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark50"><span class="font5">Vocabulary List for the Module</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark51"><span class="font5">List of Tapes in this Module</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font5">OBJECTIVES</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">General</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The purpose of the Traveling in China Module (TVL) is to give you a look at some situations you might encounter on a trip to China and to provide you with the language skills you might need in those situations.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Before starting the Traveling in China Module, you should have completed the Meeting Module or have enough background in Chinese to pass the Meeting Criterion Test. As you move into the more advanced level of Chinese, you may find it helpful to review the optional modules: Personal Welfare, Restaurant, Hotel, Post Office and Telephone, and Car. If you have not yet done these modules, it may be necessary to do so now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Criterion Test for Traveling in China will focus largely on this module, but material from the first six modules, of course, will also appear.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Specific</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When you have finished this module you should be able to:</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Give an English equivalent for any Chinese sentence from the Target List.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Give a Chinese equivalent for any sentence from the Target List.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Discuss with a guide or travel agent your plans for a trip</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">to China, what sort of things you want to see, what parts of the country you want to visit, and what aspects of the culture you want to make a point of learning about; and you should be able to name five different places or things that you would like to see.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">U. Make a visit to a day-care center and understand the representative’s speech about the facility; be able to ask and understand questions about when the day-care center was established, why day-care centers are needed, how the parents and children react to being separated, the goals of taking care of the children, how the children spend their time, and what happens when a child gets sick.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Make a.visit to the Great Wall and understand the guide’s talk about the structure; be able to ask and understand questions about where the wall begins and ends, when the wall was built, what conditions led to its being built, what its purpose was, how it was built, whether it was repaired, and what its dimensions are; and you should also be able to use the expressions for B.C. and A.D. and. to convert distances from kilometers to Chinese miles and vice versa.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. Make a visit to the Ming Tombs and understand the guide’s talk about it; be able to ask and understand questions about the lay-out of the Ming Tombs park, when the tombs were built, the archaeological findings in the tombs, how the tombs were built, and where the materials came from.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. Make a visit to a commune and understand the representative’s talk about it; be able to ask and understand questions about when the commune was established, how large it is, how many people live and work there, what is grown there, whether production is mechanized, what is produced in addition to agricultural products, how the commune is organized</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">' administratively, and what health care facilities there are on the commune.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. Make a visit to a commune and ask a commune member how the communes were originally organized, what conditions were like before communization, what stages there were leading up to communization, what conditions were like under these various stages, and how long it took to reach total communization throughout the country.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">9. Make a visit to the Former Imperial Palace in Peking and understand the guide’s talk about it, be able to ask and understand questions about when the palace was built, what dynasties used it as the imperial residence and governmental center, how large the palace and its grounds are, what certain halls or palace rooms are and what their use was, what the conditions were leading to the end of the Ch’ing Dynasty, what revolution overthrew the government, and who led the revolution.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">10. Make a visit to a factory and understand the guide’s talk about it, be able to ask and understand questions about what is produced there, what is the size or capacity of production and how much is produced each year, where the workers get their tools and materials, what wages and benefits the workers get, how many women workers there are, where the workers live, how much rent and utility fees they must pay, and what study programs are available to the worker.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">About Module 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Starting with Module 7, there will be only two tapes per unit, instead f five.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tape 1</span><span class="font5"> will introduce the material on the Reference List, giving you a hance to learn to understand these sentences and to practice saying them, ape 1 replaces both the C-l and P-1 tapes which you used in Modules 1-6.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You will find that the Tape 1 is denser in its content and faster aced than either the C-l or P-1 tapes. The number of new vocahnlary -fta-ms in ach unit has been increased from 20-25 to 30-35. You will also notice that he sentences are increasing in length. Since you must learn to comprehend^ is well as say these sentences from a single tape, you will need to develop' rour own new ways of using the tape. You may find that you will need to rewind he tape and review the presentation of each sentence several times. Also .here is less English explanation on the tape. Explanations which were 'ormerly found on the C-l and P-1 tapes are now found only in the Reference Votes. You will need to go over the Notes carefully since they are now your only source of grammatical explanation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tape 2</span><span class="font5"> will replace the C-2 and P-2 tapes. Each Tape 2 will start off vith a review of the sentences from the Reference List. This will be followed by three dialogues. You should listen to each dialogue until you inderstand it thoroughly. The workbook which accompanies Tape 2 describes she situation in which the conversation takes place and provides you with my additional vocabulary you may need to understand it. You will not be aeld responsible for these additional vocabulary items. The workbook also contains questions about each dialogue. You will need to prepare answers to these questions in Chinese based on the information in each dialogue. Your teacher may ask you to answer these and other questions about the conversation in class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this module we have attempted to use the language of modern-day People’s Republic of China. Because most of the language in this module arises in situations where a representative of some organization is speaking to foreign visitors, the language often has an official flavor. Although you may not like to use this sort of language, it is important for you to master it in order to interact effectively when you have the opportunity. Since the first people whom foreign visitors meet are representatives of some sort, it is necessary to learn the language as it is presented here if .your questions are to be appropriately phrased and elicit the information you want.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A note on romanizations: The Chinese language transcribed in this course is written in the Hanyu Pinyin System. However, when Chinese proper names occur as part of the English, the traditional postal service spelling is used for the names of provinces and several well-known places, and the Wade-Giles system is used in all other cases.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY OF PEKING AMD PEKING MUNICIPALITY</span></p><img src="Student Text Mods 08_files/Student Text Mods 08-1.png" alt="" style="width:421pt;height:439pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">Great Walt</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">County Boundary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">—-- Boundary of City of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">Peking</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">Boundary of Peking Municipality</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 1, Reference List</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Wo jìhua zài BSijlng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fSngwèn</span><span class="font5"> yíge xlngqi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">2. B: Wo bù zhldào nln yào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">canguande zhòngdiǎn </span><span class="font5">shi neixiě </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fangmiàn</span><span class="font5">■</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyè</span><span class="font5"> fangmiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">3« A: dùì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nftngyè</span><span class="font5"> hén</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yí»u </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xlngqu</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A: Qīng ni gěi wo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ānpai </span><span class="font5">cānguānde dìfang, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuè duo yuè hǎo</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. B: W8men mlngtian qù cBnguān BSijing </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">^iāoqū</span><span class="font5"> de </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">rénmln gongshfe</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: W3 hSn xiSng qù cānguān </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">GùgSng Bowuyuàn</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: H&o, wb hùutian pèi ni</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">qù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">7- B: Zài Beijíngde zhèi yíduàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Changchéng jiao </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bádàlìng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shls&nllng</span><span class="font5"> jiù shi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mingling</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Dàj iÙ</span><span class="font5"> dōu shu3 JShísānllng,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">yīnwei nàr you shfsSnge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">llngmù</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Wàiguo péngyou d3u shùō Mingling, yinwei nà shi Mlngcháode llngmù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">I plan to visit Peking for one week.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I don’t know what aspect you would like to stress on your visit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The industrial aspect.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m interested in agriculture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Please arrange some places for * me to visit, the more the better.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tomorrow we will go visit a people’s commune in the suburbs of Peking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I very much want to go visit the Former Imperial Palace Museum.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Good, I’ll accompany you there the day after tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The section of the Great Wall near Peking is called Pataling</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Thirteen Tombs are the Ming Tombs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Everyone says the Thirteen Tombs because there are thirteen tombs there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Foreigners all say Ming Tombs because they are tombs from the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Wo yě ‘tīngshuō Béijīng Dàxué you zìjí bànde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngchǎng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Wo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìshi</span><span class="font5"> gěi ni ānpái yíxià.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I have also heard that Peking University has its own factory.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ll try to arrange it for you.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: W3 hái tingshuō xuésheng yé </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cānjiā láodòng</span><span class="font5">, shì i</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Búdàn xuésheng, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lián gongzuò rényuán</span><span class="font5"> měinián dou cānjiā yìdiar l&odōng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">11. B : Xīngqīyī xiàwu women qù cānguān yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòuéryuán</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Shénme yòuéryuán?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women qù kàn yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">quántuō </span><span class="font5">yòuéryuán. Cānguān quántuō yòuéryuán bl </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">rìtuō</span><span class="font5"> yòuéryuán you yìsi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">12. B: Yīhòu nèi liāngtiān nín kànkan </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qíngkuàng</span><span class="font5">. hái xiāng qù shénme difang, wōmen zài zuò </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qítād</span><span class="font5">e ānj</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">I have also heard that students participate in labor, is that right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Not only students, even staff members, each year participate in some labor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Monday afternoon we will go visit a kindergarten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We’ll go see a full-care kindergarten. Visiting a full-care kindergarten is more interesting than visiting a day-care kindergarten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">As for the two days following th take a look at the situation and what other places you want to go, and we’ll make further arrangements.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">- (Not on tape) -</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">13. Dōngběi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">1U. she</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Manchuria</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">short for </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gòngshě,</span><span class="font5"> ’commune’</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">inpái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jadàlǐng (Bādálǐng)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">■ānguān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">■ānjiā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Làjiā <sub>w </sub>Dongběi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’āngmiàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’ǎngwèn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">;ōngchǎng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">;ōngshè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">jōngyè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">jōngzuò rényuán ìùgōng Bowuyuàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liǎoqū</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">.áodòng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">.ián...dōu/ye</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Língmù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">īíngcháo línglíng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lóngyè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">língkuàng lítā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">luántuō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rénmín gōngshè rényuán rìtuō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jhísānlíng shìshi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to arrange (see also WLF-1, HTL-1)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Pataling; area northwest of Peking, where the Great Wall is located</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to visit as a tourist, to sightsee to participate in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">everyone Mancnurìa</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">aspect, side to visit, to pay a formal visit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">factory commune industry staff personnel the Imperial Palace Museum</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">suburb</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to labor even tomb or mausoleum (of a distinguished person)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ming Dynasty the Ming Tombs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">agriculture</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">situation, conditions the others, the remainder full-care, boarding (kindergarten)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">people’s commune personnel day-care (kindergarten)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">'The Thirteen Tombs’ to try, to try on, to try out (see also WLF-3)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xìngqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">interest</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yòuéryuán yuè duō yuè hSo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kindergarten</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the more the better</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhòngdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">key point, central point</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 1, Reference Notes</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">L. A: Wo jìhua zài Beijing fǎngwèn yíge xīngqǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">2. B: Wo bù zhīdào nín yào canguande zhòngdiǎn shi neixiě fangmiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Shi gongyè fangmiàn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I plan to visit Peking for one week.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I don’t know what aspect you would like to stress on your visit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The industrial aspect.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 1 and 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fangwèn. cānguān</span><span class="font5">: Both of these verbs mean ’to visit’. While in many situations you can use either </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎngwèn</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">canguān. </span><span class="font5">there are occasions where one and not the other is appropriate. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cānguān</span><span class="font5"> means ’to visit’ in the sense of ’sightsee’. You can </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cānguān</span><span class="font5"> monuments, museums, and parks. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fangwèn</span><span class="font5"> is used to mean ’to visit’ when there will be formal interaction between people. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fǎngwèn</span><span class="font5"> is also used when talking about formal visits between leaders, or visits to factories or offices where the visitors will have a chance to talk with the workers there.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">♦.. nín yào canguande zhòngdiǎn shi neixiě fāngmiàn?</span><span class="font5">: The noun </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhòngdiǎn</span><span class="font5"> means ’key point, strong point, central point’. The noun </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāngmiàn</span><span class="font5"> means ’area, side,, facet, aspect’. A fairly literal translation of the sentence above might be ’The key points which you want to visit are which aspects?*</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are some example sentences using </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāngmiàn.</span><span class="font5">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Liang fāngmiànde yìjian women dōu yīnggāi tīngting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We should listen to the opinions of both sides.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo JIntian yùbei gēn nlmen tāntan Zhōngguo jlngji fāngmiànde wèntf.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">I am prepared to speak with you today about the economic side of China's problems.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. C: W3 duì nóngyè hen you xìngqu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m very interesteǒ in agriculture.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì ..♦ you xìngqu</span><span class="font5">: 'To be interested in ...* More literally ’to have interest towards...’. Use the prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font5"> plus the subject of interest before the verb phrase </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y8u xìngqu </span><span class="font5">(you and the noun xìngqu).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā duì Meiguo jīngji He is very interested in</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">qíngkuàng hen you xìngqu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">the American economic situation.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A: Qǐng ni gěi wo ānpái</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">cānguānde dìfang, yuè duo yuè hao.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Please arrange some places for me to visit, the more the better.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. H</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuè ... yuè ...</span><span class="font5">: This pattern is used to express the idea ’the more ... the more...’. You can only use verbs or verb phrases to fill in the blanks. Here are some examples:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèiběn shū wo yuè kàn yuè you xìngqu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The more I read this book, the more interested I get in it.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo yuè xiǎng yuè juède tā shuōde huà bú duì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The more I think about it the more I feel that what he says isn’t right.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Lai kāi huìde rén yuè duo yuè hao.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The more people that come to the meeting the better.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">A common way to use the </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yue ... yue ...</span><span class="font5"> pattern is with the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lai</span><span class="font5"> in the first position. The </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuè lai yuè ...</span><span class="font5"> pattern means ’increasingly ... ’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tiānqi yuè lai yuè nuanhuo.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The weather is getting warmer and warmer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tomorrow we will go visit a people’s commune in the suburbs of Peking.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5- B: .Women míngtian qù cānguān Beijing jīaoqùde yíge rénmín gōngshè.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Ko. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">rénmín gōngshè</span><span class="font5">: ’People’s commune’ You’ve seen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">rénmín </span><span class="font5">before in phrases such as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">renminbi,</span><span class="font5"> ’People’s currency’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rénmín</span><span class="font5"> means ’people’ in the sense of ’citizens of the country’.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Wo hen xiang qù cānguān Gùgōng Bówuyuàn.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I very much want to visit the Imperial Palace Museum.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Good, I’ll accompany you there the day after tomorrow.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Hao, wo hòutian péi nǐ qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng Béwuyiièn</span><span class="font5">; ’The (former ) Imperial Palace Museum’ This was the palace of the ruling families of the Ming and Ch'ing Dynasties. It is located in the center of Peking. In conversation it is sometimes referred to simply as the </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. B: Zài Běijīngde zhèi yíduàn The section of the Great Chángchéng jiao Badàling. Wall near Peking is</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">called Pataling.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This sentence is a good example of the the word order to be used when there are modifiers, specifiers (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèi</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèi</span><span class="font5">, etc.), and counters (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">~ge,</span><span class="font5"> -jìuàn, etc.) before the noun which is modified. The order is:</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1) modifying phrase with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font5"> (Zài Beijīngde)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2) specifier and counter (zhèi yíduàn)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3) modified noun.(Chángchéng)</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bádàlǐng</span><span class="font5">: Pataling, also pronounced </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bādálǐng</span><span class="font5">, actually refers to a mountain area north of Peking where the Great Wall is located. Since the Great Wall is the main thing of interest there, when people say they are going to Bādálǐng it is understood that they are going to the Great Wall.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: Shísānlíng jiù shi Mingling.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The thirteen tombs are the Ming Tombs.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Dàjiā dōu shuō Shísānlíng, yīnwei nàr yōu shísānge língmù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Waiguo pengyou dōu shuō Mingling yinwei nù shi MÍngcháode língmù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Everyone says'’Thirteen Tombs’ because there are thirteen tombs there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Foreigners all say Ming Tombs because they are tombs from the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-ling and língmù</span><span class="font5">: Both of these words are translated as ’tomb’. The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">língmù</span><span class="font5"> is the general word for ’tomb*. The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-ling</span><span class="font5"> is the word for ’tomb’ which is used to form a proper name, as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngshānlíng, ’Su</span><span class="font5">n Yatsen’s Tomb’.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Wo yě tíngshuō dàxué you zìjí bànde gōngchang.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Wo shishi gěi ni ānpái yíxià.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I have also heard that the university has its own factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ll try to arrange it for you.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngchang</span><span class="font5">: ’factory’ In the sentence above, the American refers to the university-managed factory. Many universities in China have factories which are run by students and faculty. These factories serve two purposes. One is to give the students an opportunity to learn on-the-job skills, similar to some of the work-study programs in American universities. The other is to give the students an opportunity to participate in labor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìshi</span><span class="font5">: ’to tyr, to attempt, to try out* Here are some examples:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèijiàn yīfu hěn hao kàn. Nǐ shìshi kàn, héshi bu héshi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">This piece of clothing is very attractive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Try it on, see if it fits.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige xīn chē hěn piào-liang, rang wo lái shìshi, hao bu hao kāi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">This new car is very pretty.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Let me try it out</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">and see if it is easy</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to drive.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">1C. A: Wo hái tīngshuō xuésheng yě cānjiā láodSng, shi ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Búdàn xuésheng, lián gōngzuò rényuán, měinián dou cānjiā yìdiǎr láodèng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I have also heard that students participate in labor, is that right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Not only students, even staff members, each year, participate in some labor.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cānjiā</span><span class="font5">: ’To participate, to take part in something’</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Women míngtian yào kāi yíge huì. Qǐng ní yě lai cānjiā, hao bu hao?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">We are going to have a meeting tomorrow. Please come and take part, okay?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lácdong</span><span class="font5">: ’labor’ or ’to labor’, ’to do physical work' In the PRC the phrase </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cānjiā láodòng</span><span class="font5">, literally 'to participate in labor', is often used to say someone does physical labor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèiwèi lǎo rén shēntǐ This old person's health</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hěn jiànkāng. Qīshi suì le, is very good. He's seventy hái néng láodòng. years old and still</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">can do labor. .</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">TSmen jiā yōu sānge rén cānjiā láodòng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In their family there are three people who are taking part in physical work.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lián ... dōu</span><span class="font5">: ’Even ... (all)' Because the word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lián </span><span class="font5">can occur at the beginning of a sentence or a clause, it has been called a connective, like </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kěshi</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">suoyi</span><span class="font5">. Because it seems to take an object, and occurs before the main verb in the sentence, it has also been called a prepositional verb, like </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cong</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font5">. There are exceptions to both of these generalizations. You may find it helpful to think of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lián</span><span class="font5"> simply as an adverb. Like other adverbs, the position of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lián</span><span class="font5"> in the sentence may vary, but it always occurs before the verb. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lián</span><span class="font5"> can be followed by nouns or</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">* verb phrases. Either the adverb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cLōu</span><span class="font5"> or the adverb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yě</span><span class="font5"> must be used in a sentence with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lián</span><span class="font5">. Here are some examples.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Neige háizi lián tang dou bù xíhuan chī le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">That child doesn’t even like to eat candy anymore.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Ta jintian bù shūfu. Lián fan yě bù xiǎng chī le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He isn't feeling well today, he won't even eat.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Lián wo qù yě bù xíng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Even if I go it won't</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">work out.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Tá mùqin zou le. Tā lián His mother has gone. He chūlai yě bù chūlai le. won't even come out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuò renyuán</span><span class="font5">: 'Staff member’, literally 'Working personnel' In this situation </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuò renyuán</span><span class="font5"> refers to whitecollar workers other than the faculty members at the university such as administrators. In other situations, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuò renyuán </span><span class="font5">may refer to other types of white-collar workers. It is used in contrast to </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngren,</span><span class="font5"> 'workers'.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">11. C: Xīngqīyī xiàwu women qù cānguān yíge yòuéryuán.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Shénme yòuéryuán?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Women qù kàn yíge quántuō yòuéryuán. Cānguān quántuō yòuéryuán bī rìtuō yòuéryuán you yìsi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Monday afternoon we will go visit a kindergarten.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We'll go see a full-care kindergarten. Visiting a boarding kindergarten is more interesting than visiting a daycare kindergarten.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòuěryuán</span><span class="font5">: ’Kindergarten’ The Chinese system of day-care facilities provides nurseries, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tuōěrsuo,</span><span class="font5"> for children up to three years of age, and kindergartens, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòuěryuán</span><span class="font5">, for children from three to six years. Literally, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòuěryuán</span><span class="font5"> is '</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòuér</span><span class="font5">*, ’young child’, plus </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yu&n</span><span class="font5">, ’garden*.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">quántuō yòuěryuán/rìtuō^yòuěryuán</span><span class="font5">: There are two kinds of Chinese kindergartens: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">quántuō yòuěryuán,</span><span class="font5"> ’full-care kindergartens’, where children board from Monday through Saturday, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">rìtuS yòuěryuán</span><span class="font5">, ’day-care kindergartens’, where children spend part of the day while their parents work.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">12. C: Yíhòu nèi liǎngtiān nín As for the two days following</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">that, take a look at the situation, and what other places you want to go, and we’ll make further arrangements.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">kànkan qíngkuàng, hái xiǎng qù shénme difang, wSmen zài zuò qítǎde anpái.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 12</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qítā</span><span class="font5">: ’the other one, the others’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qíngkuàng</span><span class="font5">: ’situation, conditions’ You’ll often hear this word used in phrases such as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài...qíngkuàngxià,</span><span class="font5"> ’under... conditions’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hái xiǎng qù ...</span><span class="font5">: A closer translation of the rest of the sentence would be as ’if ... (then) ...’ clauses: 'and if you want to go to any other places, we’ll make further arrangements’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 1, Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(An American talks with his guide at his hotel about the plans for his trip in China.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Maikèěr Jiàoshou, nin xiuxihao Professor McKellar, did you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">. le? Chiguo fan le ma? rest well? Have you eaten?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Xiūxile yìhùír. Gang chiguo fan. I rested awhile. I’ve just</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèrde canting </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">zhēn</span><span class="font5"> bu cuò. eaten. The dining room is</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhōngcān, Xícān dōu fēicháng hSo. very good. Both the Chinese food and the Western food ar< extremely good.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Màikèěr Jiàoshōu, nín jìhua zài Beijing fāngwěn dué Jiù? YXhòu xiang qù xiě shénme difang? Women jìhua jìhua, ānpái yixia. Bù zhīdào nín yào canguande zhòngdiǎn shi neixie fāngmiàn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì lai Zhōngguo. Duì shénme dōu you xìngqu. Wo zài Zhōngguo yígòng sānge xingqì; zài Beijing zhi néng zhù yíge xīngql. Qing ni gěi wo ānpài canguande dìfang,yue duō yue hao. Yihòruwǒ xiang qù DŌngběi, Shanghai, Wuhan, cānguān gōngchǎng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Professor McKellar, how long d you plan to visit Peking? After that where do you want to go? Let’s do some plannin and make some arrangements, don’t know what aspect you w like to stress on your visit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This is </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">my</span><span class="font5"> first time in China I’m interested in everything I’m in China for three weeks altogether. I can only stay in Peking for one week. /Plea; arrange some places for^me t< visit, the more the better. After that, I’d like to go to Manchuria. Shanghai or Wuhan to visit factories</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Nà hSo. Nín duì nóngyè y8u xingqu All right. Are you interested</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">ma? Míngtian shàngwu women qù in agriculture? How about cānguān Beijing jiāoqū yíge going to visit a people’s</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rénmín gongshè, hao bu hao? commune in "Che suburbs of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Peking tomorrow morning ?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Hao, na dagai yao yòng duōshao</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">shijian?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Wo gījji yào yíge shàngwu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A<sub>:</sub> Xiàwu ne?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Fine, how long will that proba take?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I estimate that it will take t whole morning.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">And the afternoon?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiàwu wo keyi pěi ni huòzhe ni zìjǐ dào Gùgōng Bowuyuàn qù. LÍ fàndiàn hen Jin, keyi zōuzhe qìL Gùgōng, dìfang^hěn da. Wo xiang yige xíSwu kàn-buwán. Guò liangtiān nín you gōngfu keyi zài qù yici.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">In the afternoon I can accompany you or you can go yourself to the Imperial Palace Museum. It's not far from the hotel. You can walk there. The Palace is large.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I don't think you can see it all in one afternoon. In a few days if you have time you can go again.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Houtian ne?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Xīngqlliù wo xiang ānpái ni qù Badálǐng he Shísānlíng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">And the day after tomorrow?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I'd like to arrange for you to go to Pataling and Shihsanling Saturday.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">NǏ shuō shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ou, Bádàlǐng...j iù-shi Chángchéng. Zài Běijīngde zhèi yíduàn jiao Badálǐng. Shi sānlíng ne...j iù shi Mingling. Women jiao</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Shísānlíng yīnwei nàr you shi-sānge língmù. Wàiguo péngyou dōu shuō Mingling, yǐnwei nà shi MÍngchàode língmù. Xingqǐtiān dàjiā dōu xiūxi, bù hao ānpái. Nǐ yě xiūxi xiūxi. Zìjǐ suíbiàn dào jiēshang zouzou, māimai dōngxi, huòshi dào jìge gōngyǔánr qù kànkan.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What did you say?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Oh Pataling.. .that's the Great Wall. The section near Peking is called Pataling. Shihsanling...that's the Ming Tombs. We call it S</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hi haa.nl ing </span><span class="font5">because there are 13 tombs.there. Foreigners call it the Ming Tombs because they are tombs of the Ming Dynasty. Because everyone rests on Sunday, it is not easy to arrange things. You should rest too. You can go on your own, take a walk on the street, buy things, or go to some parks and xook around</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Hao. Good.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Xīngqǐyī wo zhūnbèi gěi ni ānpái fǎngwèn Beijing Dàxué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I'm preparing for you to visit Peking University on Monday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Hěn hSo. Wo tèbié xiang he Zhōngguo jiāo jīngji-xuéde jiàoshou duō tantan. Wo ye tingshuō dàxué you zìjǐ bànde gōngchāng. </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">Vǒ</span><span class="font5"> yě xiang cānguān canguan, xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Wo shìshi ānpái yixia.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Great. I especially want to talk at length with Chinese professors of economics. I have also heard that the university runs its own factory. I'd like to visit that too, is that all right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I'll try to arrange it.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Wǒ hái tíngshuō xuésheng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">yě cānjiā láodòng, shi ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì. Budàn xuésheng,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">lián gōngzuò rényuán měinián dōu cānjiā yìdiǎr láodòng. Xīngqīyī xíàwu women qù cānguān yíge yòuěryuán.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Shénme yòuěryuán?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women qù kùn yíge quántuō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">yòuěryuán. Cānguān quántuō yòuěryuán bǐ rìtuǒ yòuér-yuán you yìsi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Hen hao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Màikèěr Jiào.ihòu, yǐhòu liǎngtiān nín kànkan qíngkuàng, hái xiǎng qù shénme dìfang, cānguān shénme, women zài tántan zài zuò qítāde ānpái. Nín kàn zhèiyang hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T.’ve also heard, that the students participate in labor, is that right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. Not only students, but even staff personnel participate eacn year in some labor. Monday afternoon we<sup>4</sup>11 go visit a kindergarten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We’ll go see a full-care kindergarten. It’s more interesting to go visit a full-care kindergarten than it is to go visit a day-care kindergarten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Very good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Professor McKellar, as for the two days following that, see what the situation is, and we’ll talk some more and make further arrangements about what other places you want to go and what you want to see.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Hǎo. Fēicháng hǎo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Good. Very good.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 1, Tape 2 Workbook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this lit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause ir you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm )ur answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may ant to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise contains a conversation in which an. American talks with is guide in Peking about the plans for the rest of his trip.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, ou'll probably want to rewind the tape and answer.the questions on page 22 s you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this onversation:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhìzào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to manufacture</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tuōlājí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tractor</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shīyòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to employ, to make use of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Dōngběi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Manchuria (required)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">píngyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">a plain</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">guóyíng nóngchāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">state farm</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhìzaòchǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">manufacturing plant</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Yìhéyuán (Yíhéyuán)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Summer Palace</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tianjin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tientsin</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">city</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Shenyang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">a-city in Manchuria, formerly Mukden</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Anshān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">a city in Manchuria</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">Guilin Kueilin, Capital of GuǎngxI province</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a famous scenic city in Southern China</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Note: In this conversation you will see the conjunction </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">he</span><span class="font5"> used between two verbs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo xiang kànkan nīmen I’d like to see how you use and</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zěnmeyàng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǐyòng</span><span class="font5"> he manufacture tractors.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhìzào tuōlājī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In older usage, he was restricted to being used between two nouns or noun phrases.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Exercise 3</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font5">t</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you’ll hear a conversation in which an American professor of sociology arrives at the airport in Peking and later, after a rest, discusses the plans for her trip with her guide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">second time through, turn to page 22</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new expressions you conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yílùshang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shǒuxù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shèhuixue</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shèhuì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">guānyu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dàduōshù gǎo jiātíng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yìheyuán (Yíhéyuán)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Rénmín Dàhuìtáng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liánxi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gāi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">will need to understand this</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">while traveling, while on the way procedures, customs, formalities fairly, pretty, rather</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sociology</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">society</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the various..., each, every</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">about, regarding</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the majority</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to do (something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">family</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the Summer Palace</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">National People’s Congress Building</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to contact someone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">should, ought; it’s about time to...</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">>te: In the Chinese speaker’s last line of the conversation, the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">iǎo</span><span class="font5"> is used to mean 'come around to get (someone), come around to see jomeone)', as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǎo péngyou</span><span class="font5">, 'to go see a friend'.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cercise 4</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you will again hear an American discuss his plans for is trip in China with his guide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the ipe and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">lich are found on page 23.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">For this exercise you will need shěng ting xiang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yìhéyuán (Yíhéyuan)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-fang Guilin</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Datong</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Taiyuan gǔjì gǔdū</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhōngshānlíng jiànzhù Wuxi Tàihú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xīhú měi Chéngshì</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to save</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to listen to, to follow</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be like, to resemble</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the Summer Palace</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">area</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Kueilin,a scenic city in Guǎngxī Province</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tat'ung, a city in northern Shansi Province</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T'aiyiian, capital of Shansi Province</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ancient remains, ruins</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ancient capital</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the name of Sun Yatsen’s tomb</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to build, to construct</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wusih, a city in Kiangsu Province</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T’aihu, a lake in Wusih</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">West Lake</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be beautiful</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">city</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font5">měide xiang huàr yíyàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liánxi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gāi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">as beautiful as a painting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to contact someone (about a matter)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">should, ought; it’s about time to...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Why is the American interested in industrial and agricultural conditions?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. In addition to touring and visiting, what else would the American like to do?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. How long will he be staying in China this time?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">U. What does the guide suggest is a good place to see tractors in us<</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Why does the guide suggest the American visit Shanghai?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. When it comes to having a good time, what is the best place to visit?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. Where does the guide suggest the American visit first?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. What is the suggested schedule for the rest of the trip?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 2U . You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What does Ms. White want to stress on her visit?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. What aspects of society is she particularly interested in?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. How long will Ms. White be visiting in China?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">if. What sorts of places does she want to visit?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. What specific places does the guide suggest she visit in Peking?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After you answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Look at the translation for this conversation on page 27 • You may also rant to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ìuestions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will oe able to give them orally in'class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. How long is Mr. Black staying in China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. What is the main reason he has come to China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. How does he know about China’s famous scenic places?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. Why does Mr. Black say that he will follow his guide’s suggestion as to which places to go?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. What places does the guide suggest he visit in Peking?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. What places in the south does the guide suggest he visit?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. What is the schedule that the guide finally gives him? Where does he go after Peking? After Sian? After Shanghai?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">íkfter you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a Look at the translation for this conversation on page 30 . You may also rant to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this dialogue you will hear the sentence </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiànzài wSmen kě bu kěyi ■ántan nTde canpnan fangwèn jìhua?</span><span class="font5">. Notice the question is formed using i variation of the VERB BU VERB pattern. There only the first syllable ,f </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font5"> is used in the first part of the pattern. This also happens with the •erb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhidao,</span><span class="font5"> as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ni zhī bu zhìdào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Dàiwéisī Xiansheng, zǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Zǎo, Xiao «Sng-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chī zǎofan le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Chīguò le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Good morning, Mr. Davis.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Good morning, Xiǎo Wǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Have you had breakfast yet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, I have.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Women tǎntan nī cānguān fǎng-wènde jìhua, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: NĪ zhèicì lai Zhōngguo fǎngwènde zhongdiǎn shi něixie fāngmian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Women gongsī shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhizǎo tuōlā-</span><span class="font5">jīde. Zhèicì pāi wo lǎi shi kànkan Zhōngguode gōngyè he nongy è fāngmi ande qí ngkuàng. Wo xiǎng kànkan nīmen zěnme-yàng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shīyōng</span><span class="font5"> he zhìzào tuōlājī. Chúle cānguān fǎngwèn yīwài wo yě yào dào you míngde fēngjīng hǎode dìfang qù warwar. Zhèi shi wo dìyīcì dào Zhōngguo lǎi. Wo zài Měiguode shihou jiù kànle yixie shū. Wo zhīdao Zhōngguo you hen duō hen piào-liangde dìfang. Wo hen xiǎng qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Nī zhèicì zài Zhōngguo keyi zhù duō jiu?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Let’s discuss the plans for yo visit, all right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What aspects would you like to stress on your visit to Chin this time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our company manufactures tractors. They sent me here th time to have a look at indu trial and agricultural conditions in China. I’d like to see how you use and manu facture tractors. Besides touring and visiting, I’d also like to go relax at so famous scenic spots. This is my first time in China. When I was in America I rea some books, so I know that China has a lot of beautifu places. I’d like very much to go see them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How long will you be able to s in China this time?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">A: Sānge xīngqī.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Three weeks.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">C: Shīyōng tuōlājī zuì duōde dìfang shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dōngběi</span><span class="font5">. Dōngběi you dà </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">píngyuǎn</span><span class="font5">. You hen duō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guōyíng nōngchǎng</span><span class="font5">. Yě you hen duō tuōlājī </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhìzào-chǎng</span><span class="font5">. Lìngwài, zài Shàng-hǎi yě you tuōlājī zhìzào-chǎng. Shanghai fùjìnde hěn duo rénmín gōngshè dōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The place where tractors are used the most is Manchuria. Manchuria has large plains. There are a lot of state farms. There are also a lo of tractor manufacturing plants. In addition, there are also tractor manufactur plants in Shanghai. A lot</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shlyòng tuōlǎjī. Yào shuō-dao war, zài Beijing zuì you yìsi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Duì le. Wǒ. yí ding, yào qù Cháng-cheng, Mingling, he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yihe-yuán</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hái you Gùgōng Bowuyuàn. Nī you xìngqu ma?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">En. Wǒ yào qù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Nín duì yòuěryuán, xuéxiào you xìngqu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo zhèicì meiyou hen duo shí-jian. Deng xià yícì zài láide shíhou zài qù fǎngwèn ba.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Name wǒ xiǎng nǐ key! xiān zài Beijing wár sānsìtiān. Yǐhòu jiù qù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tianjin</span><span class="font5">. Tianjin yě shi yíge gōngyè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chengshì</span><span class="font5">. Zài Tianjin cānguān fǎngwèn liāngtiān jiù qù Dōngběi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font1">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Zài Dōngběi qù něixiě chengshì ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shě</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nyáng</span><span class="font5"> hé </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ĀnshSn.</span><span class="font5"> Zhèi liangge difang yígong xūyao yíge xīngqǐ. Ránhòu fēi Shànghǎi. Zài Shanghai cānguān fǎngwèn sìwǔtiān, zài cǒng Shànghǎi zuò huǒchē qù Suzhou, Nánjīng. Mei yíge dìfang wár yìliǎngtiān jiù xíngle. Ránhòu qù Hangzhou.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Duì. Qù Guǎngzhǒu yǐqián, wǒ hái xiǎng qù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guilin</span><span class="font5"> zhù liāngtiān. Shíjian gòu bu gou? Néng bu neng ānpái? of people's communes in the vicinity of Shanghai use tractors. As far as having a good time is concerned, Peking is the best place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Right. I want to be sure to go to the Great Wall, the Ming Tombs, and the Summer Palace.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">And then there's the Imperial Palace Museum. Does that interest you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Uh-huh, I'd like to go there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are you interested in kindergartens and schools?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I don't have much time this trip. Perhaps I'll go visit those the next time I come.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In that case I think you could first enjoy yourself in Peking for three or four days. Then go to Tientsin. Tientsin is an industrial city, too. You can visit in Tientsin for two days, and then go to Manchuria.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Which cities will I go to in Manchuria?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shenyang and Anshan. These two places will take one week altogether. Then you’ll fly to Shanghai. In Shanghai you'll visit for four or five days, and then take the train from Shanghai to Soochow and Nanking. If you spend one or two days in each place, that'll be just about right. Then you'll go to Hangchow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Right. Before I go to Canton, I'd also like to spend two days in Kueilin. Is there enough time? Can it be</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">arranged?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">C: Wo xiang kěyi ba.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">I think so.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">A: Wo xiang zhèige jìhua hěn hǎo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">I think this is a good plan.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">You gōngzuò you war.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">can both work and relax.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">C: Hǎo. Nǐ juěde hěshì, wo jiù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Okay. Since it suits you, 1’1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhèiyang ānpǎi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">arrange it that way.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">A: Hǎo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Good.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Nín shi Huàitè Nushì ha. Wo shi Zhōngguo Lūxíngshède. Wo jiao Mǎ Jiànguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: 0, Lao Mǎ, nǐ hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-C: Nín </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yílùshang</span><span class="font5"> lēi bu lei?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hai</span><span class="font5"> hǎo, hǎi hǎo, bú tài lèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Qǐng ni bǎ nǐde xíngli piào gěi wo, wS qù gěi ni qù xíngli. Yě qǐng ni bǎ hùzhào gěi wo. Wo qù ban yixia </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǒuxù</span><span class="font5">. Nǐ zài zhèli zuò yixia, xiūxi xiūxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You must be Ms. White. I’m from the China Travel Bureau. My name is Mǎ Jiànguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Oh, hello, Lǎo Mǎ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Did you have a tiring trip?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was all right; not too tiring.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Let me have your baggage ticket, please, and I’ll go pick up your luggage. And let me have your passport, too, please. I’ll go take care of customs. Have a seat here and rest a bit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(Dàole lùguǎn, Huàitè Nushì xiūxile liǎnggeduō xiǎoshí yǐhou, Mǎ Tongzhì you huídao tāde fangjiSnli lǎi.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(After they arrive at the hotel and Ms. White has rested for a little more than two hours, Comrade Mǎ comes back to her room.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Huàitè Nushì, nín xiūxihǎole ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Xiūxihǎole.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Women tǎnyitǎn nínde fǎngwèn jìhua, zěnmeyàng? Nín canguande zhòngdiǎn shi shenme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Hǎo. Wo shi xuě </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shèhuixuěd</span><span class="font5">e.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo yào canguande shi Zhōngguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shèhuì</span><span class="font5">de </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gè</span><span class="font5"> fangmian. tèbiě shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guānyu</span><span class="font5"> fùnū fāng-miande qíngkuàng. WS tīng-shuō jiéle hūn ySu hǎizide Zhōngguo fùnū </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàduōshù</span><span class="font5"> dōu gōngzuò. Wo xiang zhǐdao tāmen shi zěnme ānpǎi tāmen-de shíjian, yòu gōngzuò yòu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎo</span><span class="font5"> jiālide shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are you all rested, Ms. White?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, I am.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How about discussing the plans for your trip? What do you want to stress ón your visit?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. I study soc iology. I’d like to observe various aspects of Chinese society, especially the situation with regard to women. I hear that the majority of Chinese women work after they marry and have children. I’d like to find out how they arrange their time, working and taking care of their homes at the same time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Nín jìhua zài Beijing zhù jī-tiān?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Zài Zhōngguo yígòng cānguān fǎngwèn sìge xīngqī. Wō xīwang cānguān yòuéryuán. Quántuōde, rìtuōde, dōu yào kàn. Duì gōngyè hé nōngyè wō yě you xìngqu. Wō xiǎng cānguān yìliǎngge gōngchǎng he rénmín gōngshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: 0. Wō hái xiǎng cānguān xué-xiào hé yīyuàn. Wō xīwang nī gěi wo ānpái fǎngwèn jige Zhōngguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">^iātíng,</span><span class="font5"> hé tāmen tántan hua.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Beijing you míngde fēngjīng hǎode dìfang hen duō, nín yě yào qù wár ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Duì le, duì le. Wo zai Meiguo jiù tīngshuō Beijing you hen duō you yìsi hé hǎokànde dìfang. Wō yídìng děi qù wárwar. Nī shuō něixie dìfang zuì hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Wō xiǎng nī yídìng děi qù cānguān Gùgōng Bōwuyuàn, Cháng-chéng, Shísānlíng, yě jiù shi Mingling, hái you </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìhéyuán</span><span class="font5">. Yàoshi you shíjian hái keyi qù kànkan </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rénmín Dàhuìtáng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">How many days do you plan to spend in Peking?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Altogether I'll be visiting in China for four weeks. I hoj to visit kindergartens, both full-care and day-care. I’n also interested in industry and agriculture. I’d like t visit one or two factories and people’s communes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Oh, I’d also like to visit schools and hospitals. I he you’ll arrange for me to vis a few Chinese families to ts with them.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">There are a lot of famous sceni spots in Peking. You'll war to see them too, won’t you?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">A: Cōng Měiguo dào Zhōngguo lái bù rōngyi, nī gěi wo ānpái cānguān de dìfang, yuè duō yuè hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Hǎo. Wō shìshi. Xiànzài jiù qù dǎ diànhuà </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liánxi</span><span class="font5">. Nín yě </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gāi</span><span class="font5"> chī fàn le. Cāntīng jiù zài yīléu. You Xīcān yě you Zhōngcān. Děng yìhuīr wō zài</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Right. In America I heard that Peking had a lot of interesting and beautiful places. I definitely have to go thei Which places do you think ai the best?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I think you definitely should í visit the Imperial</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Palace Museum, the Great Wai the Thirteen Tombs, that is, the Ming Tombs, and also the Summer Palace. If you have time you can also go see the National People's Congress Building.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s not easy to come from America to China. The more places you arrange for me tc visit, the better.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Okay, I’ll try. I’ll go contac the people by phone right nc It’s about time for vou to eat now too. The restaurant on the first floor. They hi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">lai zhǎo ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">V: Hǎo, xièxie.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Bu kèqi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Western-style food and Chinese food. I’ll come hack to see you in a while.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Okay, thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Don't mention it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Zǎo, Bùláikē Xiansheng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Zao, Lī Tongzhì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Xiànzài women kě bu keyi tán-yitán nīde cānguān fǎngwèn jìhua? Ni zài Zhōngguo yígòng zhù duōshao tiān? Nī yào cānguānde shi něi yì-fāngmian? Chúle Beijing nī hai xiǎng qù něixie dìfang?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Wo kěyi zài Zhōngguo cānguān fǎngwèn sānge xingqí. Gōng-chǎng, xuěxiào, renmín gong-shè, wǒ dōu yào kàn yìliǎng-ge, kǎshi wǒ shi lai Zhōngguo wǎrde. Wǒ cong xiǎo jiù tīngshuō Zhōngguo you hen duō you you yìsi, fēngjing you hen piàoliangde dìfang. Xīwang wǒ dōu néng qù kànkan. Zhōngguo nàme dà, you míngde dìfang nàme duō, wǒ bù něng dōu qù. Xīwang nī gěi wo ānpáide dìfang yuè duō yuè hǎo. Qù něixie dìfang, zěnme zǒu zuì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shěna</span><span class="font5"> shijian, nī zhīdaode bī wǒ qīngchu. Wǒ jiù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ting</span><span class="font5"> nīde ānpái ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Hǎo. Wǒ xiǎngxiang. Beijing yǒu hěn duō yōu you yìsi you hǎowárde dìfang, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng </span><span class="font5">Gùgōng Bowuyuàn, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìhěyuán, </span><span class="font5">Chángchěng, Shísānlíng, shen-mede. Nī yídìng děi qù warwar . Zài nán</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāng</span><span class="font5">—Shànghǎi, Nanjing, Sūzhōu, Hangzhou, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guilin,</span><span class="font5"> Guǎngzhōu, fēngjīng dōu hěn hǎo. Zài běifāngde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàtǒng</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tàiyuán</span><span class="font5">, Xī’ān, dōu yǒu lìshī </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǔj ì.</span><span class="font5"> bù zhīdào nī duì tamen yǒu meiyou xìngqu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Good morning, Mr. Black.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Good morning, Comrade Lī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">May we talk about your sightseeing plans a bit now? How many days in all are you staying in China? Which aspec is it that you’d like to visit? Which places would you like to go in addition to Peking?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ll be able to sightsee and visit in China for three weeks. I’d like to see one or two each of factories, schools, and people’s communes, but I’ve come to China for a pleasure trip. Ever since I was a child I’ve heard that China had a lot of interesting, scenic places.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I wish I could go see them all China is so big, and there are so many famous places, that I can’t go to all of them. I hope you can arrange as many places as possible for me. You know better than I which places to go to and how to go to save the most time. I’ll just follow your arrangements .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right, let me think. There are a lot of interesting and fun places right in Peking, like the Imperial</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Palace Museum, the Summer-Palace, the Great Wall, the Thirteen Tombs, and so on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You certainly must go see them In the south, the scenery is n in Shanghai, Nanking. Soochow, Hangchow, Kueilin, and Canton. In the north, there are historic ancient remains at Tat’ung, Tǎiyùan, and Sian. I</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wonder if you’d be interested in them?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo duì lìshī gǔjì hen you xìngqu. A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m very interested in historic remains.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">7: Wo xiǎng nǐ zài Beijing cānguān C: fǎngwèn sānsìtiān. Yīhōu zuò huǒchē qù Datong, Tàiyuán. Zài zhèi liǎngge dìfang wǎr sānsìtiān jiù gòule. Ranhòu cong Tàiyuǎn zuò huochē qù Xī’ān. Xī’ān congqiǎn jiào Chang’ān, shi yige </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǔdū</span><span class="font5">. You hen duō lìshī gǔjì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A.: Zhèi shíhou Xī’ān tiānqi zenme- A: yàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Xī’ān bī zhèli nuǎnhuo yìdiǎr. C: Cong Xī’ān zhí fēi Nǎnjīng. Nanjīngde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhongshānlíng</span><span class="font5"> jiù shi Sun Zhōngshān Xiansheng-de língmù, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">j iànzhude</span><span class="font5"> hěn hǎo. Yídìng děi qù cānguān. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wúxī,</span><span class="font5"> Sùzhōu, lí Nǎnjīng dōu hen jin. Nī yào bu yao qù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: WuxT, Suzhou hěn hǎo wǎr ma? A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: WùxTde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tàihú</span><span class="font5"> bī Hǎngzhóude </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xīhú</span><span class="font5"> C:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dàde duō, ye hen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">měi</span><span class="font5">. Zài Sūzhōu zhù liǎngtiān kànkan lìshī gǔjì, jiù dào Shàng-hǎi. Shànghǎi shi yíge gōngyè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéngshì</span><span class="font5">, kěyi zài nàr cānguān gōngchǎng he renmín gōngshè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Zài Shànghǎi zhù jītiān ne? A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Zài Shànghǎi zhù sāntiān jiù C:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xíngle.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Cong Shànghǎi dào Hǎngzhōu zuō A: huǒchē děi duōshao shíhou?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">I think you should sightsee in Peking for three or four days. Then take the train to Tat’ung and. T’aiyǔan. Three or four days would be enough to enjoy yourself in these two places. Then take the train from Thiyùan to Sian. Sian used to be called Ch’sing’an. It’s an ancient capital. It has a lot of historical remains.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How’s the weather in Sian at this time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sian is a little warmer than here. From Sian you fly direct to Nanking. The ’Chung-snan Tomb’ in Nanking is Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s tomb. It’s very well constructed. You must go visit it. Wusih and Soochow are both near Nanking. Do you want to go there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are Wusih and Soochow nice?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The T’ai Lake in Wusih is much larger than West Lake in Hangchow, and it’s also beautiful. Stay in Soochow two days to see the historic remains, and then go to Shanghai. Shanghai is an industrial city, so you can visit factories and people’s communes there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many days do I spend in Shanghai ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">If you stay in Shanghai three days that would be enough</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How long does it take to get from Shanghai to Hangchow by train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Cong Shanghai dào Hangzhou zuò huǒchē wǔge xiǎoshí jiù dào-le. Hangzhou bú yòng wǒ jièshao le. Ni yídìng tīng-shuōle nèi shi yíge piào-liangjílede difang. Hang-zhōu yě shi yíge gǔdū. Cong Hangzhou zuò fēijī dào Guilin. Guilin shānshuǐ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">měide xiang huàr yíyàng</span><span class="font5">. Nǐ yi-dìng huì xihuande. Cong Guilin zuò fēijǐ qù Guangzhou. Zài GuǎngzhSu war liǎngsāntiān. Nǐ kàn zhèige jìhua zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Èn. Zhèige jìhua tài hǎole. Jiù zhènme ban ba. Qǐng ni gěi wo gēn Luxíngshè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎnxi</span><span class="font5">. Xièxie ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: By train from Shanghai to Hangchow you arrive in five hours. I don’t need to recommend Hangchow. You must have heard that it's an extremely beautiful place. Hangchow is also an ancient capital. You’ll take a plane from Hangchow to Kueilin. The scenery in Kueilin is as beautiful as a painting. I'n sure you'll like it. From Kueilin you take a plane to Canton. You relax in Canton for two or three days. How does that plan sound to you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Uh-huh. It’s a great plan. That’s the way we'll do it. Would you please contact the Travel Bureau about this for me? (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lianxi</span><span class="font5"> is original! transitive, the object is the matter in question-here the object is understood) Thank you.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Bú xiè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">C: Not at all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 2, Reference List</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Zhèige yòuéryuán shi něinián </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chénglìd</span><span class="font5">e?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi Yījiǔsìjiùnián chénglìde.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A: Tāmende fùmS dōu shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gànbù</span><span class="font5"> ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Bù dou shi. Tāmende fùmù, yōude shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gonerén</span><span class="font5">, yōude shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jièfàngjùn</span><span class="font5">, yē yōude shi gàhbù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. A: Tāmen dōu shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuāngzhí gōng</span><span class="font5"> ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">II. A: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāzhāng</span><span class="font5"> wèishénme yào bā háizi sòngdao quántuō youéryuán?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: JiāzhSng yōude shíhou yào qù wàidì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chūchāi</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. B: Tāmen dōu hěn máng, bù néng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàogu</span><span class="font5"> haizi suoyi rang yòuéryuán </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bānezhu</span><span class="font5"> tāmen zhàogu háizi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What year was this kindergarten established?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was established in 19^9-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are their parents all cadre members?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Not all. Some of their parents are workers, some are members of the Liberation Army, and some are cadre members.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are they all working couples?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Why do the parents want to send their children to a full-care kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sometimes the parents have to go out of town on business.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They are all very busy, and can't look after the children, so they have the kindergarten help them take care of the children.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Měi</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bān</span><span class="font5"> měitiān dōu shàng jǐ</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jié</span><span class="font5"> kè?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Xiǎobān shàng yìjié kè. Zhōngban he dàbǎn dōu shàng liǎngjié kè.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">7. B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5"><8. A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Qítāde shíjian dōu shi zuò </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yōuxi</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chúle yōuxi yǐwài, hái zuò shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāmen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàoyu</span><span class="font5"> háizimen cōng xiǎo jiù yào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ài </span><span class="font5">láodòng, ài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǔguō</span><span class="font5">, ài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gongchǎndǎng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Háizi líkāi fùmǔ, zhùzai yòuéryuánli, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng bu xiǎng jiā?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Fùmǔqin ye </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàngxin</span><span class="font5"> ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Háizimen gang láide shíhou </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dāngrán</span><span class="font5"> you diar xiǎng jiā, kěshi hen kuài jiù huì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíguàn</span><span class="font5"> le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Háizimen chide zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chúle sā</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ndùn</span><span class="font5"> fàn yiwài, háizi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wushul</span><span class="font5"> yi-hòu hái chi yícì diǎnxin.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">11, A: Zhèige yòuěryuán yǒu jijiān bìnefáng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yǒu sānjiān bìngfáng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">12, A: Háizi shēng bìngle zěnme ban?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Háizi shēng bìngle, dàifu gěi tamen zhìliáo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many sessions does each class have every day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The younger class has one session. The middle and older classes both have two sessions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All the other time is for playing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Besides play what else do they do?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They educate the children from the time they are small to love labor, love the fatherland, and love the Communist Party.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When the children leave their parents and live in the kindergarten, do they get homesick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">And are the parents’ minds at eas<</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When the children first arrive, they are of course a little homesick, but they soon become accustomed to it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How* do the children eat?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Besides their three meals, after the afternoon nap the children also eat a snack.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many infirmary rooms does this kindergarten have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">There are three infirmary rooms.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What do you do when the children get sick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When the children get sick, the doctor treats them.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">13,<sup> B:</sup> </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guānyu</span><span class="font5"> yòuéryuánde qíngkuàng, wǒ jiù jièshào dào zhèli.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Ruguo nǐmen you shenme wèntí, huānyíng nimen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tíchulai</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lk, A: Xièxie nímende </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhāodài</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">As for the situation in the kindergarten, I will end my introduction here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">If you have any questions, you are welcome to bring them up.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Thank you for your hospitality.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font0">—</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tNot on the tape ) -</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">15,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhXgong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">staff and workers</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">party (political)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">bǎngmáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to help</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiěfàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Liberation</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to love</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">-ban bāngmáng bāngzhu bìngfèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">class (of students) to help, to aid to help, to aid; aid infirmary room</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chěnglì chūchāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to establish</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be sent out of town on business</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dǎng dāngrǎh -dun</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">party (political) naturally, of course (counter for a meal)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fàngxīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to put one’s mind at ease, to be unworried</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gànbù GòngchSngdǎng gongrěn guanyu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cadre, cadre member Communist Party worker</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">regarding, concerning, about, as for</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiàoyu jiazhǎng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-jié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to educate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">parent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">session, time(counter for classes)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiěfàngjūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Liberation Army</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shuāngzhígong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">working couple</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tlchulai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to bring up, to set forth</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">wǔshuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">afternoon nap</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiǎng jiā xíguàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be homesick</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to get used to, to become accustomed to, a habit</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">youxi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhǎodài zhàogu zhígōng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhìliào zǔguo</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">to playj to play games; recreation, game, play</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hospitality</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to look after</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">staff and workers; employee (staff member or worker)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to treat, to cure ancestral homeland, fatherland</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Unit 2, Reference Notes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Zhèige yòuéryuán shi What year was this</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">něinián chenglìde? kindergarten estab</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lished?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi Yījiùsìjiùnián It was established in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chenglìde. 19^9-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chénglì</span><span class="font5">: ’To establish’, ’to set up*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Měiguo shi Ylqīqīliùnián The United States was</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chenglìde. established in 1776.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">...shi 19^9 chenglide</span><span class="font5">: Notice is used here, since the speaker is was set up, not simply that it was</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">that the </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi... de</span><span class="font5"> construction focusing on when the kindergarten set up.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tamende fùmù dōu</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">shi gànbù ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Bù dou shi. Tamende fùmǔ yǒude shi gōngren, yǒude shi Jiěfangjǔn, yě yǒude shi gànbù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Are their parents all cadre members?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Not all. Some of their pare are workers, some are members of the Liberation Army, and some are cadre members.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gànbù</span><span class="font5">: ’cadre’ For the most part cadre members are governinen bureau workers, although you find cadre members in other areas as wel In factories, cadre members are the clerks and managers in the office while the </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǒngrén</span><span class="font5"> are the workers in the plant. In communes, cadre members may be found in the managing of the unit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">...yě youde shi gànbù</span><span class="font5">: You have usually seen the adverb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yě</span><span class="font5">, ’also’ coming before the verb, but notice that here it starts off the last clause of the sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiěfàng.1ūn</span><span class="font5">: The army of the People’s Republic of China is the People’s Liberation Army, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rénmín Jiěfàngjùn</span><span class="font5">. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiěfàng</span><span class="font5"> is the word for ’liberation’.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">3, A: Tamen dōu shi shuāngzhígōng ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Are they all working couples?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Yes.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">Note on No.3</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> shuāngzhígōng</span><span class="font5">: ’working couple’ More literally, this is 'a pair (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuāng</span><span class="font5">) of ’staff members or workers’ (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhígōng)</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Jiāzhǎng wèishénme yào Why do the parents want</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">ba haizi sòngdao to send their children</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">quántuō yòuéryuán? to a full-care kinder</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">garten?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Jiāzhǎng yǒude shíhou Sometimes the parents</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">yào qù wàidì chūchāi. have to go out of town</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">on business.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Notes on No.</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> jiāzhǎng</span><span class="font5">: ’parent, mother or father’ Literally this means ;he head of the household*, but it has been expanded to mean ’parent, rther and/or father *.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chūchāi</span><span class="font5">: ’to send out on duty, to go away on official isiness’ Since the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chūchāi</span><span class="font5"> includes the idea of going AWAY i work, the use of the phrase </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù wàidì,</span><span class="font5"> ’go to places out of town’ is ■r emphasis.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāmen dōu hěn máng, bù néng zhàogu háizi, suoyi ràng yòuéryuán bāngzhu tamen zhàogu háizi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">They are all very busy and can’t look after the children, so they have the kindergarten help them take care of the children.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ràng yòuéryuán bāngzhu tamen...</span><span class="font5">: The prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">rang </span><span class="font5">ìans ’to let, to allow, to have*. You may have seen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ràng</span><span class="font5"> in the Personal □.fare Module, Unit 5. (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ràng wo kànkan nǐde hùzhào</span><span class="font5">. ’let me see >ur passport *.) Here are some other examples.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā bú ràng wo qù. He won’t allow me to go.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèijiàn shi, nǐ bù néng ràng ta zuò.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">You can’t let him handle this matter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ō> A: Meibān meitiān dōu shàng How many sessions does</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">jíjie ke? each class have every da;</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Xiaobān shang yìjie ke. The younger class has one</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhongbǎn he daban, session. The middle </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">an</span><span class="font5">d</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dōu shang liangjié kè. older classes both have</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">two sessions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">6</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">-ban: This is the counter for a class in school when you are referring to the students in the class.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Women zhei yìbān you Our class has more than</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sānshiduōge xuésheng. 30 students.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-.He</span><span class="font5">: This is the counter for a session of a class.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. B: Qítāde shíjian dōu All the other time is</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">shi zuo yōuxi. for playing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yōuxi: This is the verb ’to play* in the sense of ’play games' It can also be the noun ’game’ or ’recreation*.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">8. A: Chúle yōuxi yiwài, hái zuò shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Tāmen jiàoyu háizimen cōng xiǎo jiù yào ài láodòng, ài zǔguō, ài Gòngchǎndǎng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Besides play what else do they do?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They educate the children the time they are small to love labor, love the fatherland, and love the Communist Party.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chúle...yǐwài</span><span class="font5">: This pattern is used to express the idea ’except for, besides...? or aside from...’. The second part, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐwài</span><span class="font5">, is sometimes omitted. (See also Unit 6, Reference Note 10.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wō jīntiān wanshang chúle chūqu kàn diànyíng, wō méiyōu biéde shenme jìhuà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wō chúle ta yǐwài, méiyōu biéde hǎo péngyou le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Except for going to a movie, I really have no other plans for this evening.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Except for him, I have no other close friends anymore.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gdngchǎngdǎng:</span><span class="font5"> ’Communist Party* You may also hear references made only to </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dang,</span><span class="font5"> ’party*.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Haizi líkāi fùmǔ, zhùzai yòuéryuánli, xiǎng bu xiang jia?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Fùmuqin yě fàngxīn ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Haizimen gang láide shíhou dāngrán ySu díar xiǎng Jia, kěshi hěn kuài jiù huì xíguǎn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">When the children leave their parents and live in the kindergarten, do they get homesick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">And are the parents' minds at ease?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When the children first arrive they are of course a little homesick, but they soon become accustomed to it.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Bo. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng jiā</span><span class="font5">: ’To be homesick, more literally ’to think of home’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàngxīn</span><span class="font5">: ’To be unworried, to put one’s mind at ease’ Notice that the first definition describes a state, while the second describes an action. The verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàngxīn</span><span class="font5"> acts in both ways.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ta chúqule, hai meiyǒu He’s gone out and he’s</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">huílai. Wo hěn bu not back yet! I'm</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fàn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gxīn</span><span class="font5">. very worried.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nī bǎ dōngxi gěi wo» If you give me the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nī fàngxīn bu fàngxīn? things, will you be</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">worried?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nī fàngxīn ba! Put your mind at ease!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(Don’t worry!)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Chinese sometimes refer? to the heart (xīn) when in English we would refer to the mind. The verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàngxīn</span><span class="font5"> (literally, ’to release the heart’) is one-example. Here’s another:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nī xīnli ySu shénme shi? What's on your mind?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nī xīnli xiǎng shénme? What are you thinking?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dāngrán</span><span class="font5">: 'of course, naturally’ This is an adverb, and therefore occurs before the verb.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíguàn</span><span class="font5">: ’to get used to. to ’a habit’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ni dàole Beijing yǐjīng liǎngge yuèle, nǐ xíguàn bu xíguàn chi Zhongguo fan le?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">become accustomed to’, also</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You’ve been in Peking for two months now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are you accustomed to eating Chinese food yet?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā xiang xuěxi Zhòngguode xíguàn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He would like to learn Chinese customs.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">10, A: Haizimen chide zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">How do the children eat?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Chúle sāndùn fàn yǐwài, háizi xiàwu wìsBhuì yīhòu hái chi yícì diǎnxin.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Besides their-three meals, after the afternoon nap the children also eat a snack.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">...chide zěnmeyàng?</span><span class="font5">: You’ll remember that the way to talk about how some action is done is to add the marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de</span><span class="font5"> to the verb. Here instead of finding a word describing the manner of action following the verb, you have the question word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zěnmeyàng</span><span class="font5">, ’how*.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ta shuo RÌwén, shuode How does he speak</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zěnmeyàng? Japanese?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ta shuode hěn hǎo. He speaks very well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-dùn: This is the counter for food in meals.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Zhèige yòuéryuán you jǐjiān bìngfáng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: You sānjiān bìngfáng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">12. A: Haizi shēng bìngle zěnme bàn?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Háizi shēng bìngle dàifu gěi tamen zhìliáo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">How many infirmary rooms does this kindergarten have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">There are three infirmary rooms.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What do you do when the children get sick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When the children get sick, the doctor treats them.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 12.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">...dàifu gěi tamen zhìliáo</span><span class="font5">: ’the doctor treats them’ Notice that the prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font5"> is used here. A more literal translation might be ’the doctor treats it for them.* For the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhìliáo,</span><span class="font5"> the person treated is the indirect object and is so indicated by the prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font5">. The sickness treated would be the direct object and would follow the verb.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Daifu gei tamen zhiliáo xiè dù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The doctor treated the diarrhea for them.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">13. B: Guānyu yòueryuánde</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">qíngkuàng, wǒ jiù jièshao dào zhèìi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">As for the situation in the kindergarten, I will end my introduction here</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Ruguo nǐmen yǒu shenme wèntí, huānyíng nimen tíchulai.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">If you have any questions, you are welcome to bring them up.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 13.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guānyu</span><span class="font5">: ’As for, about’ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guānyu</span><span class="font5"> can occur in two places in the sentence. One is at the beginning of the sentence, the other is after the main verb. At the front of the sentence </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guānyu</span><span class="font5"> introduces the topic which follows. It can be translated as ’as for’ or ’about’. When </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guānyu</span><span class="font5"> leads off a phrase after the verb, it is part of a modifying phrase with the marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">de.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Guānyu Meiguode gōngchang, wo zhldaode bù duo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">As for American factories, I don’t know very much.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Xièxie ní gàosu wo zhènme duō guānyu Běihai Yòueryuánde qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Thank you for telling me so much about the situation in the Beihai kindergarten.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Guānyu jiàoyu fāngmiànde qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">How is the situation regarding the educational side of things?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tíchulai</span><span class="font5">: ’to bring up (a question, an opinion), to mention’ The verb tí is ’to lift or to raise’.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">15. A: Xièxie nǐmende zhāodài.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Thank you for your hospitality.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 2, Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(This is a talk delivered by a representative of the kindergarten to a group of foreign visitors.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒmen zhēige youéryuán shi Yíjiusìjiìmián chenglìde, shi quántuō yòuéryuán. Haizimen Xīngqīyī zabshang lai, Xlngqīliù xiàwu.huí-Jía. Xiànzaì yígòng you sān-bǎige haizi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Háizimende fùqin, mǔqin, yǒude shi gōngrén, yǒude shi Jiěfàng-jūn, yǒude shi lǎoshí, yě yǒude shi gànbù. Tāmen dōu shi shuāngzhígōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jiāzhāngmen yǒude shíhou wǎn-shang yào kāi huì, xuéxi, yǒude shíhou hái yào qù wàidì chūchāi. Tāmen dōu hěn máng, bù néng zhàogu háizi, suoyi bǎ háizi sòngdao quántuō yòuéryuán lai, ràng yòuéryuán bāngzhu tamen zhàogu háizi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women zhèige yòuéryuán yígòng you shíge ban, xiáobān cong sānsuì dào sìsuì, zhōngbān cōng sìsuì dào wǔsuì, dàbān cōng wusuì dào liùsuì. Wǒmen yígòng you sìge xiaobān, sānge zhōngbān, sānge dàbān.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiǎoban měitiān shàng yìjié kè, měijié shíwùfēn zhōng. Zhōngbān měitiān shàng liángjié kè, měijié èrshi-fēn zhōng. Dàbān měitiān shàng liang-jié kè, měijié sānshifēn zhōng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Qítāde shíjian dōu shi zuò yóuxi. Chúle shàng kè, youxi yǐwài, wǒmen hái jiàoyu háizimen cong xiǎo Jiù yào ài láodòng, ài zǔguǒ, ài Gòngchǎndǎng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">This kindergarten was estal in 19U9. It is a full-care kinde garten. The children come on Me morning and go home on Saturday afternoon. Altogether now there are three hundred children.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Some of the children’s pare are workers, some are members oí Liberation Army, some are teache and some are cadres. All are wc couples.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sometimes in the evenings t parents go to meetings or study, times they go out of town on bus They are all very busy and can’t after the children, so they brin to a full-care kindergarten and the kindergarten help them take of the children.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our kindergarten altogether ten classes. The younger class three to four years old, the mid class is from four to five years the older class is from five to years old. Altogether we have f younger classes, three middle cl and three older classes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Every day the younger class one class, each class lasting fi minutes. Every day the middle c have two classes, each class las twenty minutes. Every day the 0 classes have two classes, each 1 thirty minutes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All the other time is for p In addition to class and play, v educate the children from the ti are small to love labor, love th fatherland, and love the Communi Party.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(After the presentation, the representative entertains questions from the visitors.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Guānyu yòuéryuánde qíngkuàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to jiù jièshào dào zhèli. Ruguo nǐmen you shenme wèntí, huānyíng nlmen tíchulai. Women yiqí tant an.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Na hǎojíle. Wo hěn xiang zhidao yàoshi haizi bìngle zěnme ban?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Women yòuéryuán you liangge dàifu, hái you sānjiān bìngfáng. Háizi bìngle, dàifu jiù gěi tamen zhìliáo. Ruguo xūyào, jiù sòngdao bìngfáng qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Nlmen zhèrde háizi dōu hái xiāo. Tāmen Ifkāi fùmǔ, zhùzai yòuéryuánlí, xiāng bu xiāng jiā? FùmSqin yě fàngxīn ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Háizimen gāng láide shíhou dāngrán yōu diār xiSng jiā, kěshi hěn kuài jiù huì xíguàn le. FùmSqin zhídao yòuéryuán b? Jiáli zhào-gude gèng hěo. Tāmen yě jiù fàngxīn le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Háizimen yìtiān chi jlcì?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">As for the situation in the kindergarten, I’ll conclude my introductory remarks here. If you have any questions, you are •welcome to bring them up. We can discuss them together.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s great. I would very much like to know what is done if a child becomes sick.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our kindergarten has two doctors, and three infirmary rooms. When the children get sick, the doctor treats them. If necessary, they are sent to the infirmary.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The children here are all still young. When they leave their parents and live in the kindergarten, do they get homesick? And are the parents’ minds at ease?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When the children first arrive, of course they get a little homesick. But they soon become accustomed to it. The parents know that the kindergarten looks after the children even better than at home. So they don’t worry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many times a day do the children eat?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">F: Chi sìcì. Chúle sāndùn fan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yíwài. wǔghuì yíhòu hai chī yicì dianxin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Ba yíge háizi sòngdao nǐmen yòuěryuán lái, yíge yuè děi duōshǎo qián?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Èrshijǐkuài qián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Háizimende jiā dōu zài zhèr fùjìn ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Bu shi. Tāmende Jiā youde zài fùjìn, youde zài hen yuǎnde dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hao. Wo xiǎng wo yǐj.ing wènde hen duō le. Xièxie nimende zhāodài.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Four times. In addition to three meals, they eat a snack in the afternoon after their nap.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much does it cost a month to send a child to your kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Twenty-some dollars.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are the children’s homes all in this area?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">No. Some of their homes are in the area, some are very far away.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Good. I think I’ve already asked a lot. Thank you for your hospitality.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 2, Tape 2 Workbook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this lit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause >r you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm our answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may mt to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise contains a conversation in which a Peking kindergarten Lrector answers an American visitor’s questions about the situation in the indergarten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely 3u will probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on age 48 as you listen to it a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this onvērsation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tóuyícì the first time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kū to cry</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dànshi but, however</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">baba dad, papa</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yíngyǎng nourishment, nutrition</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">biǎoyǎn to give a performance </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you will hear a conversation in which two university tudents, one Chinese and one foreign, discuss the situation in a Peking indergarten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the econd time through, turn to page I19 and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new vocabulary items you will need to understand this onversation:</span></p>
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font5">Běijīngshì jìsù yòuéryuán guò jítǐ shēnghuo shòu jítǐ jiàoyu bāngzhu zhěngli qǐnshì (or qǐnshǐ) jiāo huār gùshi chàng gēr tiàowǔ</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Mmicipality of Peking</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">boarding kindergarten</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to live a communal life</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to receive a communal education</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to help (required)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to straighten up, to put in order bedroom</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to water flowers</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">story</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to sing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to dance</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Note: Towards the end of this conversation you will hear the phrase</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">... zài lǎoshī bāngzhu xià ...</span><span class="font5"> ’with the help of the teacher’. In this phrase the English 'with’ or 'under' is expressed in two parts in the Chinese sentence, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài ... xià</span><span class="font5">. You've seen words like </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng</span><span class="font5">, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǐ </span><span class="font5">used after nouns, as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài fànguǎrli</span><span class="font5">, 'In the restaurant'. Here the locational ending </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià</span><span class="font5"> comes at the end of a phrase, instead of after a nou</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you will again hear a conversation between a Chinese student and a foreign student in which they talk about a Peking kindergart-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen to it again. On the second time through, answer the questions which are found on page U9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">For this exercise you will need the following new vocabulary item:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liúxuésheng a student studying abroad</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will b able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What is the age range of the children in the kindergarten?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Why do the children like to be in the kindergarten?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. How do the parents of the children feel about their being in the kindergarten?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. Is there more than one class in the kindergarten? If so, what are they?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. What happens when a child gets sick in the kindergarten?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">6.</span><span class="font5"> Do parents pay for kindergarten care? If so, how much?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 51. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. When was the kindergarten established?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Since it is a full-care kindergarten, when do the children arrive and when do they leave?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Give some reasons why the parents send their children to a boarding kindergarten.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. Do the children attend kindergarten classes? If so, how many classes do they attend?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Besides attending classes, what else do the children do in the kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation on page 53 . You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise h</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What place did the speaker visit?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. How many classes are there altogether in the kindergarten and what are the ages of the children in these classes?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. What sort of work do the parents of the children do?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">U. How often do the children eat?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. When the visitor went he got a chance to see the children eating lunch. What were they eating?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. Do the children also have snacks? If so, what do they eat then?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation on page 5^ . You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Guānyu women yòueryuánde qíngkuàng wǒ jiù jièshào dào zhèli. Yàoshi nǐmen yǒu shenme wèntí, huānyíng ni-men tíchulai, women yìqǐ suíhiàn tántan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Xièxie ni gěi women jièshào guānyu nǐmen yòueryuánde qíngkuàng. Nī gàosule women hen duō women yǐqián bù zhīdàode shìqing, dōu hen you yìsi. Wǒ yǒu jige xiǎo wèntí xiǎng wen ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Hǎo. Nī qīngwèn ba, shenme wèntí dōu huānyíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ì A: Zhèlide háizi shi cong sìsuì dào liùsuì, háizimen dōu hái hen xiǎo. Tāmen zhù-zai yòueryuánlí, xiǎng bu xiǎng jiā? Bàba mama xiǎng bu xiǎng háizi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Háizi gang láide shihou huì you diǎn xiǎng jiā, kěshi zài yòueryuánlí you biáde háizi yìqǐ wár, bī jiāli rènao. Háizimen hen kuài jiu xíguàn le. Fùmǔ ne, yīnwei háizi shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǒuyícì </span><span class="font5">líkai tāmen, Buōyi you shihou háizi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kū,</span><span class="font5"> mama yě huì kū. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Danshi bàba</span><span class="font5"> mama zhī-dao zài yòueryuánlí women zhàogu háizi bī jiāli zhào-gude gèng hǎo. Tāmen yě jiu fàng xīn le. Fùmǔ you gōngfu yě keyi lái kàn háizi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Mei yìbān yǒu duōshaoge háizi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Xiànzài xiǎobān you èrshièrge</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s all I’ll introduce about the situation in our kindergarten. If you have any questions, feel free to bring them up and we’ll chat about them together.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Thank you for giving us a presentation of the situation in your kindergarten. You’ve told us a lot of things we didn’t know before, and.they*re all very interesting. I have a few short questions I’d like to ask you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. Please ask, we welcome any questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The children here are from four to six years old, so they’re still all quite young. Do they get homesick staying in the kindergarten? Do the parents miss their children?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When the children have just arrived they will get a bit homesick, but in the kindergarten there are other children to play with, so it’s livelier than at home. The children get used to it very soon. As for the parents, since their children are leaving them for the first time, sometimes when a child cries the mother will cry too. But the mother and father know that at the kindergarten we take even better care of the children than their family does, so they don’t worry. When the parents have time they can come to see their children, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many children are there in each class?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The younger class has twenty-two</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">háizi. Zhōngbān you èrshili ùge. Dabān you sānshi-duōge.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Háizimen yìtiān chi jǐdùn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Sāndùn. Chúle sāndùn fan yǐ-wài wǔshuì yǐhòu hái chi yícì diǎnxin. Women duì háizimende </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíngyǎng</span><span class="font5"> hěn zhùyì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Háizi shēng bìngle zěnme ban?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Women yòuéryuán méiyou dàifu, you yíge hùshi, liǎng-jiān bìngfáng. Ruguo háizi bìngle, hùshi dài ta dào fùjìnde yǐyuàn qu kàn bìng. Hui yòuéryuán yǐhòu, jiù zhùzai bìngfánglí. You hùshi zhàogu ta.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Yíge háizi měige yuè jiāzhǎng děi gěi yòuéryuán duōshao qián?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Èrshisì kuǎi qián.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: HSo. W3 xi&ng w3 méiyou shenme zài yào wènde le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Name xiànzài qǐng nimen lái kànkan háizimen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">biǎoyǎn</span><span class="font5">. children now. The middle cl a: has twenty-six. The older cli has over thirty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many meals do the children eí a day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Three. Besides the three meals they also have a snack after their afternoon nap. We pay i great deal of attention to th< children’s nutrition.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What do you do when a child gets sick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our kindergarten doesn’t have a doctor, but there’s a nurse a; there are two infirmary rooms If a child gets sick, the nuri takes him to the hospital nea by to see a doctor. After he comes back to the kindergartei he stays in an infirmary. The: is a nurse to take care of hii</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much money do the parents há to give the kindergarten per month for one child?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Twenty-four dollars.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Okay, I don’t think I have anyth else to ask.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In that case, would you please come see the children perform now?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Zuǒtian shàngwu wǒmen qù cānguān Beijing Zhǎnlǎnguānde shihou, nǐmen qù nǎr le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒmen cānguān yòuéryuán qu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ qù cānguānde shi něige yòuéryuán?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Běijìngshì</span><span class="font5"> Dìsān Yòuéryuán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige yòuéryuán shi něinián chénglìde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yījiǔsìjiǔ. Shi Jiefàng nèi-nián chénglìde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shi bu shi quántuō yòuéryuán?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shide. Háizimen Xingqīrì xià-wu huòshi Xīngqxyi zǎoshang lái yòuéryuán. Xxngqxliù xiàwu huí jiā.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Fùmǔ wèishénme bǎ háizi sòngdao </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jisù yòuéryuán?</span><span class="font5"> Háizimen bù xiǎng jiā ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yinwei háizimende fùmùqin dōu shi shuāngzhígōng, wǎnshang yǒude shíhou yào kāi hui, xuéxí; youde shíhou hái yào qù wàidì chūchāi. Tāmen dōu hen máng, bù néng zhàogu háizi, suoyi yòuéryuán gǎi tamen zhàogu háizi. Haizi cōng xiǎo jiù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guòjítí shēnghuo shòu jítx jiaoyu</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Háizimen zài yòuéryuán shàng kè ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shàng kè.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Where did you go yesterday morning while we went to visit the Peking Exhibition Hall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We visited a kindergarten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Which kindergarten was it that you went to see?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Peking Municipal Kindergarten Number Three.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What year was the kindergarten established?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">19^9. It was established the year of Liberation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Is it a full-care kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. The children come to the kindergarten Sunday afternoon or Monday morning. They go home Saturday afternoon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Why do the parents send their children to a boarding kindergarten? Don’t the children get homesick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Because the children’s parents are all working couples, and sometimes they have to attend meetings or study in the evening; sometimes they are sent out of town on business, too. They’re all very busy and can’t take care of their children, so the kindergarten takes care of the children for them. The children live a communal life and received a communal education from the time they are little.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do the children attend classes in the kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, they do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">: Yìtiān shàng jījié kè?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">: Gèbān bù yíyàng. Xiǎobān měi-tiān shàng yìjié kè. Měi jié shíwúfēn zhōng. Zhōng-bān měitiān shàng l.iǎngjié kè měi jié èrshifēn zhō,ng. Dàbān měitiān shàng liǎngjié kè. Měi Jié sān-shifēn zhōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Qítāde shíjian haizimen zuò shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">: Qítāde shíjian dōu shi zuo yōuxi. Chúle shàng kè, yōuxi yīwài, yòuéryuán hái jiàoyu háizimen cōng xiǎo jiù ài láodòng. Dàbānde háizi zài lǎoshī </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bāngzhu </span><span class="font5">xià </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ahěngliiqīnshìV jiao huār</span><span class="font5">, shénmede. Lǎoshī hái chángcháng gěi háizimen jiǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gùshi</span><span class="font5">, jiāo tamen chàng gēr^tiào^., jiàoyu tamen ai zuguo, ai Gong-chǎndǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">: En, hen you yìsi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many classes do they attend a day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Each class is different. The younger class has one session a day. Each session is fifteen minutes. The middle class has two sessions a day, and each session is twenty minutes. The older class attends two session a day, and each session is thirty minutes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What do the children do the rest of the time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All the rest of the time is for pl Besides attending classes and playing, the kindergarten also educates the children from the time ..they are small to love labor. The children in the older class straighten up their bedrooms, water the flowers, and s forth, with the help of their teacher. The teacher also ofte tells the children stories, teaches them to sing and dance, and educates them to love their homeland and the Communist Part</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hm, that’s interesting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">: Zuōtian xiàwu wǒ lái zhǎo ní, nī bú zài. Nī dào nǎr qù le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">: Wō hé jīge wàiguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liúxuésheng </span><span class="font5">cānguān yíge yòuéryuán, hen you yìsi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">: Nèige yòuéryuán shi quántuō yòuéryuán háishi rìtuō yòuéryuán?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yesterday I came to visit you but you were out. Where did you go?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I went with some foreign students studying here to visit a kindergarten. It was very interesting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Was it a full-care kindergarten or a day-care kindergarten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">: Shi quántuō yòuéryuán. Háizimen dōu zhùzai nar.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was a full-care one. The children all live there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Tāmen nàr you duōshao háizi? Cong Jǐsuì dào jǐsuì?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Háizimen cong sānsuì dào liù-suì. Yígòng you liùbān, yìbān sìshiduōge háizi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Jiāzhǎngmen dōu shi zuò shénme gōngzuòde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yǒude shi gōngrén, yǒude shi gànbù, yǒude shi Jiěfàng— jun, ye yǒude shi lǎoshī. Jiāzhǎng dōu shi shuāngzhí-gōng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Háizimen chide zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Háizimen yìtiān chi sìcì. Wo qùde shihou, tāmen zài chi zhōngfàn. Wo kànjian tamen chi mántou<sub>s</sub> báicài tang, he qingjiāo chǎo ròusī.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Xiàwu chi diǎnxin chi shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Tāmen gàosu wo, xiàwu chi diǎnxinde shihou, háizimen you shuǐguǒ, bǐnggān chi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: En. Xià yícì ruguo ni zài péi biéren qu cānguān yòuéryuán ni gàosu wo. Wo he nimen yìqi qù.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">How many children do they have there? What range are their ages?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The children are from three to six years old. Altogether there are six classes, and each class has over forty children.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What work do the parents do?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Some are workers, some are cadre members, some are in the People’s Liberation Army, and some are teachers. The parents are all working couples.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What’s the children’s food like?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The children eat four times a day. When I went, they were eating lunch. I saw them eat steamed rolls, cabbage soup, and shredded pork with green peppers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What do they eat for their afternoon snack?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They told me that for the afternoon snack the children have fruit and cookies to eat.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Uh-huh. Next time if you go with someone else to visit a kindergarten, tell me. I’ll go with you.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Okay.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Unit 3</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 08_files/Student Text Mods 08-2.png" alt="" style="width:377pt;height:450pt;">
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Guan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">Great Wall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">—... province</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">Boundary</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A:</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. . A:</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. A:</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo zài Meiguode shihou, tīngshuōguo Changehéng, yě kànjianguo Cháng-chéngde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tApian</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In America I heard of the Great Wall and saw-pictures of it.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo Jintian </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qinyǎn</span><span class="font5"> kàndao le, tèbié </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎoxing</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ néng bu neng gàosu wo Chángchéng shi shénme shíhou </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">.iiàn-zhù</span><span class="font5">de?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Chángchéng shi liàng-aianwǔbǎiduo nián yíqián, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōucháo moniand</span><span class="font5">e shihou, kāi-stìí Jiànzhude.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhōucháo mònián shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyuán qián</span><span class="font5"> duō-shao nián?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shi gōngyuán qián sSnbǎi dào èrbài-wǔshínián zuǒyòu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Nèi shíhou wàishénme yào</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàn</span><span class="font5"> Chángchéng ne?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Yīnwei </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">běifǎng mínzú</span><span class="font5"> cháng-cháng lái </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qlnluè</span><span class="font5"> Zhǒngguode běibiar, suoyi kǎishl Jiàn chéngqiáng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m really happy to have seen it today with my own eyes.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Can you tell me when the Great Wall was built?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">It was over 2,500 years ago, during the last years of the Chou Dynasty, that they began to build the Great Wall.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">When were the last years of the Chou Dynasty?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Approximately from 300 to 250 B.C.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time why did they want to build a 'Great Wall'?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Because there were northern peoples who came to invade China, they began to build defense walls.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A:. Nei shíhou Zhōngguo hái mei </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǔngyī</span><span class="font5"> "ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Duì. Nei shíhou Zhōngguo you qfge xiao guo. Zhèi-xie </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guō.j iā, wèile</span><span class="font5"> bǎ</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ohù </span><span class="font5">zìjl, kāishi zài zhòng-yàode dìfang jiànqi chěngqiáng lai.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. A: 0. Zhèixiē guojiā wèile </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángbèi</span><span class="font5"> běifāng mín-zúde qinlùè jiù kāishi jiàn chengqiáng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Duì.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. c: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qfncháo</span><span class="font5"> tǒngyile Zhōngguo yǐhòu, ba chengqiáng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liánché</span><span class="font5">ngle yìtiáo hen chángdè Chángcháng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">9- C: Qincháo tongyīle Zhōngguo yìhōu ba nèixiē xiao guo jiànzhùde chengqiang liánchengle yìtiáo hen chángde Chángchéng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time China had not yet been united, had it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right. At that time there ■were seven small states in China. In order to protect themselves, these countries began to build defense walls in important places.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Oh. In order to be on guard against the invasion of northern peoples, these countries began to build defense walls.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After the Ch’in Dynasty united China, they took these defense walls and connected them into one long Great Wall.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After the Ch’in Dynasty united China, they took these walls which were built by these small states and connected them into one long Great Wall.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: Women xiànzài kànde shi Chángchéng zuì zǎode yí </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bùfen</span><span class="font5"> ma?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Youde shi zuì zaode, youde shi hòulái </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiū.1 iànd</span><span class="font5">e.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Is what we are looking at now one of those earliest sections of the Great Wall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Some of it is the earliest, some of it is what was built later.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Chángchéng shi cong shenme dìfang dào shénme dìfang?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chángchéng shi cong </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shaahai Guǎn_ .līngguo </span><span class="font5">Hebei, Shanxi^ Nei <sub>? </sub>Menggǔ, Shanxi, yizhi dao </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāvu Guan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">12. A: Chángchéng weishénme you jiao </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wanli Chángchéng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chángchéng you liùqiān-duō gōnglí. Ruguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòng Huáli lái jìsuan</span><span class="font5">, you yl-wànèrqiānduō Huáli, suoyi Zhōngguo rén jiao Wànlí Chángchéng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">13. A: Chángchéng dàgai jīngguo hěn duo cìde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhěngxiū </span><span class="font5">ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Duì. Zài Zhōngguo lìshī-snang, zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hàncháo Tánecháo</span><span class="font5">. Chángchéng dōu jīngguo hěn duō cìde zhěngxiū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1U. A: Chángchéng you duo gao, you duo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuān</span><span class="font5">?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Dàgài gāo sānshichī, kuān shíwǔ dào èrshichǐ.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Where does the Great Wall begin and end?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall goes from the Shanhai Pass, passing through Hopeh, Shansi, Inner Mongolia, and Shensi, straight to the Chiayu Pass.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Why is the Great Wall also called the ’10,000 Li Long Wall’?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall is more than 6000 kilometers long. If you use Chinese miles to figure it out it’s more than 12,000 Chinese miles, so Chinese call it the ’10,000 Li Long Wall’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall probably has undergone repairs many times, hasn’t it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right. In the course of Chinese history, during the Han and Tang Dynasties, the Great Wall underwent repairs many times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How high and wide is the Great Wall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s approximately 30 feet high and 15 to 20 feet wide.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">15. C: Jīntian women kandaode Chángchéng shi jingguo MÍngcháo dà </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guímo</span><span class="font5"> xiū-jiàn yìhùude Chángchéng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">16. A: Chángchéng zhènme cháng, xiūjiànqilāi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kě</span><span class="font5"> zhēn bù róngyi a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I?. C: Wànlí Chángchéng búdàn shi Zhōngguode </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wěidà </span><span class="font5">Jiànzhù, zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi.ìi§-</span><span class="font5">shang yé hén ySu ming.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall that we are looking at today is the Great Wall which underwent the large scale repair and building of the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall is so long, it really must have been hard to build.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">So, the Great Wall is not only a great Chinese structure, it is also famous thoughout the whole world.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bǎohù běifāng bùfen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to protect</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">in the north, northern part, portion</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéngqiáng chi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">defense walls, city wall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a Chinese foot (unit of measurement)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">-fSng fángbèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">area</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be on guard against, to take precautions against</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gāoxihg gōngyuán (hòu) gōngyuán qián guan guīmo guójiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be happy A.D.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B.C.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">mountain pass scope, scale country</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Hàncháo hòulái Huáli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Han. Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) afterwards</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chinese mile (1/3 of an English mile)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiàn jiànzhù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to build, to construct</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to build, to construct; structure, building</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">JiSyù Guān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Chiayu Pass, name of a place in Kansu Province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jīngguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to pass through, to go through, to undergo</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jìsuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to calculate</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kě kuān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">indeed (intensifier) to be wide, to be broad</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">lián liáncheng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to connect to connect into</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">mínzú mònián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">race, ethnic group the last years of a dynasty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">-qilai Qfncháo qinliiè qīnyǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">when (doing)...; to start (doing)...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ch’in Dynasty(255-209 B.C.) to invade; invasion one’s own eyes</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Shānhǎi Guān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Shanhai Pass, name of a place in Hopeh Province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shìjiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">world</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tángcháo tǒ'gyǐ túpiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">T’ang Dynasty (618-905 A.D.) to unite, to unify illustration, picture</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Wànlí Chángchéng wěidà wèi(le)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall of 10,000 Li to be great in order to, for</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiūj iàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to build, to construct, to erect; to repair and build</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yòng...lai jìsuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">if you use...to figure out</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhěngxiū</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhōu Chao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">repair, put in order Chou Dynasty</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 3, Reference Notes</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In America I heard of the Great Wall and saw pictures of it.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Wo zài Měiguode shíhou, tīngshuōguo Changchéng, yě kànjianguo Cháng-chéngde túpiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">túpiàn</span><span class="font5">; ’illustration, sketch’ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tupiàn</span><span class="font5"> refers to things that</span></p>
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font5">are drawn, or to any type of picture.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A: Wǒ jIntian qīnyǎn kàndao I’m really happy to</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">le, tèbié gāoxing. have seen it with my</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">own eyes today.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qinyǎn</span><span class="font5">: ’one’s own eyes<a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark52">1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#bookmark52">1</a></sup>CYou will also see words such as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qīnshǒu,</span><span class="font5"> ’one’s own hand’, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qīnzi,</span><span class="font5"> ’personally, by oneself, in person<sup><a href="#bookmark52">1</a></sup>.3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">...oīnyǎn kàndao le, tebié gāoxing</span><span class="font5">: In the above sentence, even though there are no connecting words such as ’therefore’, or ’and so<sup><a href="#bookmark52">1</a></sup> between the two clauses, the meaning is that the situation in the first clause CAUSES the feeling in the second clause. The use of the marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font5"> shows the event in the first clause is completed, before the event in the second clause takes place.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. A: Nī néng bu neng gàosu wo Chángchéng shi shénme shíhou jiànzhùde?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Can you tell me when the Great Wall was built ?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chángchéng shi liǎng-qianwubaiduō nián yīqián Zhōucháo màniánde shíhou kāishi jiànzhùde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was over 2,500 years ago, during the last years of the Chou Dynasty, that they began to build the Great Wall.</span></p>
- <div><a name="caption2"></a>
- <h1><a name="bookmark53"></a><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark54"></a>6b</span></h1>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiànzhù</span><span class="font5">: ’to build, to construct, a structure’ This word can be either a verb or a noun. Compare Reference List sentence No. 3 with No. 17-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhoucháo mònián:</span><span class="font5"> The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mònián</span><span class="font5">.refers to the closing years of a life or some other period of time. Here you see it in one of its most common uses, referring to the last years of a dynasty.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">. U. A: Zhōucháo mònián shi gōngyuán qián duō-shao nián?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Shi gōngyuán qián sānbǎi dào èrbǎi-wǔshínián zuǒyòu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">When were the last years of the Chou Dynasty?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Approximately from 300 to 250 B.C.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyuán/gōngyuán qián</span><span class="font5">: ’A.D.’ and ’B.C.* Literally </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyuán</span><span class="font5"> might be translated ’Common Era’- These time words are one way of indicating that a year is A.D. or B.C.. Notice that these phrases precede the year. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōngyuán hòu</span><span class="font5"> may also be used for A.D..</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gongyuán qián èrbǎièrshi-èrnián</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">222 B.C.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">U36 A.D.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Gōngyuán sìbǎisānshi-liùnián</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: Nèi shíhou wèishénme yào</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">jiàn Chángchéng ne?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time why did they want to build a ’Great Wall’?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Yīnwei beifang mínzú cháng-cháng lái qīnliiè Zhōngguode běibiār, suōyi káishi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">jiàn chéngqiáng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Because there were northern peoples who came to invade northern China, they began to build defense walls.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéngqiáng</span><span class="font5">: ’defense walls’ This word may also be translated as ’city tjaiis<sup>1</sup>, depending on the context. It refers to the type of fortified walls used fop defense,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàn</span><span class="font5">: ’to build, to construct* This is equivalent to the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jianzhù</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">běifāng mínzú</span><span class="font5">: ’northern peoples’ The reference here is to nomadic barbarians to the north and northwest of China. In other contexts, mí</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nzú</span><span class="font5"> may be translated as ’race’, ’ethnic group’, or ’nation’, as in ’the.American Indian Nations’.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Nèi shihou Zhōngguo hái mei tongyība?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Duì. Nei shihou Zhōngguo you qíge xiǎo guó. Zhèixiē guójiā, wèile bǎohù. zìjìjkāishǐ zài zhòngyàode dìfang jiànqi chéngqiáng lái.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time China had not yet been united, had it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right. At that time there were seven small states in China. In order to protect themselves, these countries be</span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">gan to build defense walls </span><span class="font5">in important places.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A: 0. Zhèixiē guójiā wèile fángbèi běifāng mín-zúde qīnlúè jiù kāishí jiàn chéngqiáng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Duì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Oh. In order to be on guard against the invasion of northern peoples, these countries began to build defense walls.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 6 and 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tongyǐ</span><span class="font5">: ’to become united, </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">to unite* The verb tōngyī can act </span><span class="font5">as a process verb or as an action verb. Here are examples of each:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yuènán xiànzài tōngyī le. Vietnam has become united.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Qin Shi Huang tōngyì le Ch’in Shih Huang united</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhōngguo. China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guó/guójiā</span><span class="font5">: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guó</span><span class="font5"> refers to kingdoms, independent states, and countries. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guójiā</span><span class="font5"> refers to countries and nations.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yèì.le</span><span class="font5">; ’in order to, for the purpose of, for the sake pf', </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wèile </span><span class="font5">introduces a phrase describing the purpose.of the main verb which follow: later in the sentence. A phrase with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèile</span><span class="font5"> may come at the very front of the sentence or after the subject.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Weile yào qù kàn yíge pengyou, jīntian wǒ dei zǎo yìdiǎr xià ban.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">In order to go visit a friend, I have to leave work a little early today.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā wèile yào dào Zhōngguo qù gōng-zuo, suōyi xiànzài zai xué Zhōngwén ne.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Because he wants to go to China to work, he is studying Chinese now.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wèile háizi kéyi shang nèige hao xuéxiào, women jìhua ban jiā.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">In order for the children to go to that good school, we plan to move.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">...jiànqi chengqiáng lai: ’...to start to build walls’ The compound verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiànqilai,</span><span class="font5"> ’to start to build' is split up by the object, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chengqiáng</span><span class="font5">. Verbs with two-syllable directional endings can be split up by the direct object or a location. Here are some examples:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā xiSngchu yige bànfa lai le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He thought of a way.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā bā xíngli náshang chē qu le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">He took the suitcases on the bus.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-qilai</span><span class="font5">: As an ending used to form compound verbs, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-qilai </span><span class="font5">has several meanings. One is close to its litersl meaning ’to rise upward’ Cas in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhànqilai</span><span class="font5">, 'to stand up*J. Another meaning is 'to start*. (Tn this example, you need to know kū is the verb 'to crj</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Háizi kūqilai ,le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">The child started to cry.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">8. C: Qíncháo tǒngyīle Zhōng-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">guo yǐhou ba nèixiē chengqiáng liánchengle yìtiáo hen chángde Chángchéng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">After the Ch’in Dynasty</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">united China, they took these defense</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">walls and connected</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">then into one long Great Wall.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">9. C: Qíncháo tǒngyīle Zhōngguo yǐhòu bǎ nèixiē xiǎo guo jiànzhùde cheng-diáng liánchengle yìtiáo hěn chángde Chángchéng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">After the Ch’in Dynasty</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">united China, they took these defense walls which were built by these small states and connected them into one long Great Wall.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 8 and 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liáncheng:</span><span class="font5"> ‘to connect into’ The verb ’to connect* is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lián</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-Cheng</span><span class="font5"> is used with a number of verbs to make a compound verb, with the effect that the meaning 'to become* is added to the meaning of the first verb. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liáncheng</span><span class="font5"> would then literally be 'connect to become...’</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Ba t’de ehènshān gǎicheng yíjiǎn xiǎo háizide yīfu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Take his shirt and make it into a child ’5 piece of clothing.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Qíng: nX bǎ zhèiběn. shǔ fanyicheng Rìwen</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige háizi zhǎngcheng yíge dàren le!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Please translate this book into Japanese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The child has grown into an adult!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: Women xiǎnzài kánde shi Chángchéng zuì zǎode yí bùfen ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Youde shi zuì zǎode, yǒude shi hùulái xiūjiànde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Is what we are looking at now one of those earliest sections of the Great Wall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Some of it is the earliest, some of it is what was later repaired and built.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bùfen</span><span class="font5">: ’portion, part, section’</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā xiěde nèiběn shǔ, youde bùfen hǎo, youde bùfen bù hǎo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Some of the sections of the book he wrote are good, some are not.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wō fēn sān bùfen lái jiǎng xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Is it all right if I talk about it in three parts?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiūjiàn</span><span class="font5">: This verb has two meanings. One is ’to build’, another is ’to repair and build, to renovate*.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Chángchéng shi cong shénme dìfang dào shénme dìfang?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Where does the Great Wall begin and end?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chángchéng shi cong ShānhSi The Great Wall goes from</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Guan, jingguo Héběi, Shǎnxī, Nèi Menggǔ, Shǎnxī, yìzhí dào Jiāyu Guān.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">the Shanhai Pass, passing through Hopeh, Shansi, Inner Mongolia, and Shensi, straight to the Chiayǔ Pass.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">...cong shénme dìfang dào shénme dìfang?</span><span class="font5">: Notice that the main verb is omitted in the sentence, and only the prepositional vebs </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cong,</span><span class="font5"> ’from’, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào,</span><span class="font5"> ’to’, are used.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">12. A: Chángchéng wèishénme</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">yòu jiào Wànlī Chángchéng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Why is. the Great Wall also called the '10,000 Li Long Wall'?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chángchéng you liù-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font5">qiānduō gōnglǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ruguo yòng Huáli lái jìsuan yōu yíwànèr-qiānduō Huáli, suōyi Zhōngguo rén jiào WànlY Chángchéng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall is more than 6000 kilometers long. If you use Chinese miles to figure it out, it's more than 12,000 Chinese miles, so Chinese call it the '10,000 Li Long Wall'.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 12</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòng...lái jìsuan</span><span class="font5">: 'if you use...to figure it out...' You may use other verbs instead of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìsuan,</span><span class="font5"> but notice that the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font5"> remains the same.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Yòng Zhōngguo huà lái shuō hěn rongyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s very easy to say it in Chinese.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Yòng Zhōngguo zì lái xiě, zhēn bù rōngyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">It's really difficult to write it in Chinese characters.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ bù néng yòng tāde huà lái shuō.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">You can't use his words to say it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">___you yíwànèrqiānduō Huáli, suoyi...</span><span class="font5">: In the above passage, the guide explains that because the Great Wall is more than 12,000 Chinese miles long, they call it the 10,000 Li Long Wall. In Chinese they round off large numbers to the nearest unit of measurement, which is 10,000, while in English we would round off to the nearest 1,000.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">13. A: Chángchéng dàgài jīngguo hěn duo cìde zhěngxiū</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">ba?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall probably has undergone repairs many times, hasn’t it?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Duì. Zài Zhōngguo lìshī-shang, zài Hàncháo Tángcháo, Chángchéng dōu jīngguo hěn duō cìde zhěngxiū.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right. In the course of Chinese history, during the Han and T'ang Dynasties, the Great Wall underwent repairs many times.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 13</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhěngxiū</span><span class="font5">: ’repairs’ This word is also heard as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiūzhěng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài lìshīshang</span><span class="font5">: While in English we might say ’One finds many examples of this </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">in</span><span class="font5"> history. ’, the Chinese say </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lìshīshang</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">14. A: Chángchéng you duō gāo, you duō kuan?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Dàgài gāo sānshichī, kuān shíwū dào èrshichī.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">15. C: Jīntian women kàndaode Chángchéng shi jīngguo Míngcháo da guīmo xiū-jiàn yīhòude Chángchéng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Chángchéng zhènme cháng, xiūjiànqilai kě zhěn bù rōngyi a!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">How high and wide is the Great Wall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s approximately 30 feet high, and 15 to 20 feet wide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall that we are looking at today is the Great Wall which underwent the large scale repair and building of the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall is so long, it really must have been hard to build!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 16</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiūjiànqilai</span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">: Here you see another meaning of the compound </span><span class="font5">verb ending </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-qilai,</span><span class="font5"> ’when doing it’. Adding </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-qilai</span><span class="font5"> to </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiūjiàn</span><span class="font5"> here results in the meaning of ’while the building was going on’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are some other examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige yizide yàngzi hen hǎokfiai, kěshi zuoqilai bù shùfu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā changqi gēr lai zhēn nan ting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zuùqi gōng lai, tā bl shei dōu kuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kě</span><span class="font5">: ’indeed’ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ke</span><span class="font5"> is an statement. For example:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">At</span><span class="font5"> Tā hen hǎokàn!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Kě bu shi ma!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xue Zhōngguohhuà, kě zhēn bù rōngyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This kind of chair is very attractive, but when you sit in it, it’s uncomfortable.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It sounds terrible when he sings.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When it comes to working he is faster than anyone else.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">adverb which intensifies a</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">He’s really good looking!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Isn’t that the truth.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s really not easy to learn Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">IT. C: Wanli Changchéng bùdàn</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">shi Zhōngguode weidā jiànzhù, zài shìjiè-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">shang yě hěn you ming.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall is not only a great Chinese structure, it is also famous throughout the whole world.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Bādálǐng dào le. Nà wǒmen jiù mànman wàng shàng zǒu, mànman kàn "ba. Zǒu lèile, wǒmen jiù xiūxi xiūxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Wǒ zài Méiguode shihou, tīngshuō-guo Chángchéng, y? kànjianguo Chángchéngde tùpiàn. Wo jīntian qīnyǎn kàndao le, tebié gaoxlng. Nī néng bu neng gàosu wo Chángchéng shi shénme shíhou jiàn-zhùde?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Chángchéng shi liǎngqiānwǔbǎi-duō nián yǐqián Zhōucháo mòniánde shihou, kāishī jiàn-zhùde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Ou. Liǎngqiǎnwùbǎiduo nián yī-qián jiù kāishí jiànzhù le. Nèi shíhou wèi shénme yào jiàn Chángchéng ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Nèi shíhou Zhōngguo yōu qíge xiǎo guo. Zhèixiē guájiǎ wèile bǎohù zìjǐ, fángbèi bēifāng mínzúde qīnlūè, kāishī zài zhùngyàode dìfang jiànqi chéngqiáng lai. Zhèi jiù shi Chángchéng zuì zaode yí bùfen.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Women xiànzài kànde jiù shi nèixiē zuì zǎode chéngqiáng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Youde shi zuì zǎode, yǒude shi houlái xiūjiànde. Gōngyuán qián èrbǎièrshiyīnián Qín-cháo tǒngyī le Zhōngguo yīhòu, bǎ nèixiē xiǎo guó jiànzhùde chéngqiáng liáncheng le yìtiáo hēn chángde Chángchéng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Chángchéng shi céng shénme dìfang dào shénme dìfang?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We’ve arrived at Pataling. So let’s take our time walking up and looking around. If you get tired, we will rest.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In America I heard of the Great Wall and saw pictures of it. I’m really happy to have seen it today with my own eyes. Can you tell me when the Great Wall was built?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was over 2,500 years ago, during the last years of the Chou Dynasty that they began to build the Great Wall.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Oh, it was over 2,500 years ago that they began to build it. At that time why did they want to build a ’Great Wall’?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time there were seven small states in China. In order to protect themselves and to be on guard against invasion from northern peoples, these countries began to build walls in important places. This was one of the earliest parts of the Great Wall.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Is what we are looking at now one of those earliest walls?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Some of it is the earliest, some of it is what was later repaired and built. In 221 B.C., after the Ch’in Dynasty united China, they took the walls which were built by the small states and connected then into one long Great Wall.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Where does the Great Wall begin and end?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chángchéng shi cong Zhongguo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zuì dōngbiarde Shānhai Guān jingguo Hebei, ShānxT, Nèi Měnggǔ, Shanxi, yìzhí dào Gānsùde Jiāyù Guān. Yígòng yǒu liùqiānduō gōng-lí cháng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Chángchéng you jiao Wanli</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chángchéng. Nei you shi wèishénme ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Duì. Chángchéng yǒu liùqiǎn-duō gōnglǐ. Rùguo yòng Huálǐ lai jìsuan, yǒu yí-wànèrqiānduō Huálǐ, suōyi Zhōngguo rén jiao WànlY Chángchéng. ...Zai Zhōngguo lìshǐshang, zài Hàncháo, Tangehao, Chángchéng dōu jingguo hen duō cìde zhěngxiū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Chángchéng you duō gāo, you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">du6 kuān?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Dàgài gāo sānshichǐ, kuān shíwǔ dào èrshichǐ. Jǐntian women kàndaode Chángchéng shi jingguo Míngcháo dà guǐmo xiū-jiàn yǐhòude Chángchéng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Chángchéng zhènme cháng,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhànme gāo, you zhènme kuān, xiūjiànqílai kě zhēn bù róngyi a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Suoyi Wanli Chángchéng bùdàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shi Zhōngguode wěidà jiàn-zhù, zài shìjièshang yě hen yǒu míng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall goes from China’s easternmost Shanhai Pass, passing through Hopeh, Shansi Inner Mongolia, and Shensi straight to Kansu’s Chiayu Pass. Altogether it’s more than 6000 kilometers long.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall is also called the ’10,000 Li Long Wall’. Why is that?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right. The Great Wall is more than 6000 kilometers long. If you use Chinese miles to figure it out, it’s more than 12,000 Chinfese miles, so Chinese call it the ’10,000 Li Long Wall*. ...In the course of Chinese history, during the Han Dynasty ant the T’ang Dynasty, the Great Wall has gone through repairs many times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How high and how wide is the Great Wall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s annroximately 30 feet high and 15 to 20 feet wide. The Great Wall that we are looking at today is the Great Wall which underwent the large scale repair and building of the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall is so long, so high^. and so wide, it really must have been hard to build.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s why the Great Wall is not onl great Chinese structure, it is all famous throughout the world.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">You may</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font5">All sentences want to rewind the</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">from the Reference List will occur only once, tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise contains a conversation in which a visitor chats with a Chinese guide about places he is seeing on his visit to China, especially about the Great Wall.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you will probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on page 75 as you listen to it a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">conversation:</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gǔjì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ancient remains , ruins</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gǔdài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ancient times</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yong lai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be used for the purpose of, to be used in order to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Wo tóngyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">I agree</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Guilin »</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Kueilin, the name of a scenic city in Guǎngxī Province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dànshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">but, however</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">érqiě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">and 5 </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">moreover</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shìjièshang zuì wěidàde jiànzhù zhi yī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">one of the greatest structures in the world</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">bǐjiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">comparatively, relatively</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">Note: In this conversation you will hear the verbs </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàndao</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎidao</span><span class="font5"> used. You've already seen the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font5"> 'to arrive' used in compound verbs as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuòdao Xīdàn hùan chē</span><span class="font5">, 'Ride to Xidan and change buses', and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā shi zuotian pàidao zhèli láide</span><span class="font5">, 'He was sent over here yesterday'. In those instances, forming a compound verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font5"> added the meaning of 'to' to the meaning of thè first verb. Here you will hear the compound verbs where </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font5"> adds the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">meaning of ’successful completion’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you will hear a talk about the history of defense walls in China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, turn to page 75 and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">conversation:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">city</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ānquán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">safety</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">sìzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">all sides</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhàn gang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to stand guard</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">biàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to change</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zuoyong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">use, function</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāzhan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to develop</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kuòdà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to expand</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chāidiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to tear down</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you will hear an American visitor who has come to China on business conversing with his Chinese guide about the Great Wall.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation straight through once- Then rewind the tape and listen to it again. On the second time through, answer the questions which are found on page 76</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">For this exercise you will need the following new vocabulary items:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gǔjì ancient remains, ruins</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shìjièshang you míngde gǔjì one of the most famous ancient remains</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhī yī on earth</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">míngbai to be clear, intelligible</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">all at once, at one fell swoop</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">yíxiàzi</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">běibù</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">gezi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">chéng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">yuánlái</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">liánjiēqilai</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">xiāngdāngyú</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">bǎocunxialai</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">cháodài</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">jinxing</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">northern part</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">each one individually</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to become</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">originally</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to connect up, to connect together</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be equivalent to, to be equal to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to preserve, to keep</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dynasty</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to carry out, to do</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What does the American visitor like to do in China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. What has undergone repairs in China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Throughout the history of city walls, how has the Great Wall been protected?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Can you give some reasons why the Great Wall was built?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. See if you can name some places where the visitor has been and which he has liked best of all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. What does the visitor want to buy and where does the guide suggest they go to buy it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Is the Great Wall the only defense wall in China? If not, why were the other city walls built?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Were city gates always kept open?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. What happened after city walls were built?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. The situation of the city walls changed in the latter years of the Ch’ing dynasty. Were the city walls still as important as before? If not, why not? What were some of the other changes that occurred?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What has the American businessman heard about the Great Wall? Has he been to see it already?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">. 2. The American has not gone to Pataling yet. What is Pataling?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Was the Great Wall built all at once? If not, how was it built?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">U. After Ch’in Shih Huang united China, how was the Great Wall then formed?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Why do the Chinese call it the ’Ten Thousand Li Long Wall’?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. Has it been easy to preserve the Great Wall? Has it undergone repairs only once?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After you have answered all these questions yourself, you might want to take a look at the translation for these conversation on pages 77 through 81.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You may also want to listen to the conversations again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">2</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Xiao Wáng, ni hǎo! Jīntìan xiàwu méiyōu biéde ānpái, women tántan, hǎo bu hao?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Hǎo a! Zhèi jitiān, ní qù kànle jlge dìfang. Hen you yìsi ba?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hěn y3u yìsi. W3 hen xíhuan chūqu cānguān. Zhongguo yóulǎn shoucèshang yǒu hen duo dìfang dōu shi lìshí </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gùjì</span><span class="font5">. dou hen piàoliang.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Shide. Zhōngguo zhèngfÙ zuòle</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hen duō bǎohù lìshí gǔjìde gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wǒ kàndao Shānhai Guan, Jiāyu Guān, Běijīng fùjìnde Chángchéng, dou jingguo zhěngxiū. Baohùde hen hǎo. Wǒ zhēn sM hǎn </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">-gSosá-ngr</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèixiē chengqiáng you gōng-yuán qiánhòu liǎngqiānwu-bǎiniánde lìshí. Shi Zhōucháo monián xiūjiànde. Zai Qíneháo, Hàncháo, Tangcháo, Mingcháo dōu jingguo jícì zhěngxiū. Jiěfàng yíhòu, guojiā you zuòle dà guimode zhengxiū. Suoyi bùfen Chángchéng bǎohùde bu cuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hi, Xiǎo Wang! There aren’t any other arrangements for this afternoon, so let’s talk a bit, okay?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Okay! These last few days you went to see a few places. They were interesting I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, very. I really like to go out and sightsee. In the China travel guide there are a lot of places that are historic remains from ancient times, all of which are very beautiful.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, they are. The Chinese government has done a lot of work to protect historic remains.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">I saw that</span><span class="font5"> the Shanhai Pass, the Chiayu Pass, and the Great Wall near Peking have all undergone repairs. They’re very well protected. I was really happy about that.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">These city walls have a history spanning two thousand five hundred years, from B.C. to A.D.. They were built in the later part of the Chou Dynasty. They underwent repairs during the Ch’in, Han, T’ang, and Ming Dynasties. After Liberation, the country again made large-scale repairs. So sections of the Great Wall have been protected pretty well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Shàngcì, ni shuō Qíncháode shihou, Zhōngguo ren bǎ hěn duō dìfangde chengqiáng liáncheng Chángchéng, shi ■wèile fángbèi biede mínzùde qinlūè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Shi a, you sānshi chi gāo,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">< shíwù dào èrshi chi kuān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yíwànèrqiānduō Huáli chángde Chángchéng—zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gudài</span><span class="font5"> zhēn kéyi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòng lái </span><span class="font5">bǎohù zìjǐde guojiā le.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wō tōngyì</span><span class="font5">. Cong túpiànshang kàn, Chángchéng zhēn shi hěn hǎo kàn. Dàole Zhōngguo yǐhòu, wō qùguo Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Sùzhōu, Xǐān, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guilin</span><span class="font5">, zhèixiē dìfang. Měige dìfang dōu you tèbiéde fēngjǐng, fēicháng piàoliang. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dànshi</span><span class="font5">. wō zuì xihuande hái shi Chángchéng. Wō yìhou yào zài qù yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Shìde. Chángchéng búdàn shi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhōngguo, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">érq</span><span class="font5">iě shi shìjièshang zuì wěidàde jiànzhù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhī vī. </span><span class="font5">Míngtian you shíjian, women kéyi zài qù yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Zài Beijing, kéyi mǎidào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chángchéngde túpiàn ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Kéyi•</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wō yào mǎi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">biJ iào</span><span class="font5"> dàde, hái yào duō mǎi yìxiē, sònggei péngyoumen.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Last time, you said that in the Ch*in Dynasty the Chinese people connected together the city walls in a lot or places to form the Great Wall in order to take precautions against invasions by other peoples.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right. It’s thirty feet high, and fifteen to twenty feet wide. A Great Wall over twelve thousand Chinese miles long—in ancient times it could really be used to protect our country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I agree. From the pictures, the Great Wall really looks beautiful. Since I’ve arrived in China I’ve been to Shanghai, Canton, Nanking, Hangchow, Soochow, Sian and Kueilin. Each place has a special scenery which is very beautiful. But I still like the Great Wall best of all. Later, I'd like to go there once again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. The Great Wall is one of the greatest structures not only in China but in the whole world. If there’s time tomorrow, we can go back once more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Can you buy pictures of the Great Wall in Peking?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, you can.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I want to buy a rather large one, and I also want to buy a few more to give to friends.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font7" style="font-style:italic;">F:</span><span class="font5"> Hao a. Women dào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wángfùjing qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Xiànzài hái you shíjian, wǒmen mǎshàng Jiù qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Hǎo, qlng ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Okay. We’ll go to Wangfùjing to have a look.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">There’s still time now; let’s go right away.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Okay, let’s go.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chúle Wànli Chángchéng, Zhongguo hěn duō c</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">héngshì</span><span class="font5"> yíqián yě you chéngqiáng. Tèbié shi zài běifǎng, weile fángbèi běibù mínzúde qīnlùè, bǎohù rénmínde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ānauán</span><span class="font5">, chángchéng zài chéngshì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sìzhōu</span><span class="font5"> jiànzhù chéngqiáng. Chéngqiáng yǒu Jí.ge chén^nén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Cóngqián you. xiě chéngshì chéng-mén zaoshang kāi, wǎnshang guan. Chengménkou hái you shìblng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàn gang</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhōngguo you hěn duo chéngshì you chengqiáng, kěshi guìmo dou hěn xiao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chéngqiáng jiànzhùhǎo'e yīhòu, shíjian jiu le, yídìng yào zhěngxiū. Youde chéngshìde chéngqiáng dōu jíngguo hěn duō cìde zhěngxiū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Qíngcháo mònián Zhōngguode qíngkuàng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">biànl</span><span class="font5">e, chéngqiángde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuòyong</span><span class="font5"> xiǎo le. Tèbié shi Jiěfàng yìhòu, chéngshì yào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāzhǎn</span><span class="font5">. yào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuòdà.</span><span class="font5"> yǒu chéngqiáng hěn bù fāng-bian, suōyi Zhōngguo rén búdàn bú zài xiūjiàn chéngqiáng, hěn duō chéngshì hái bǎ chéngqiáng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chāidiào</span><span class="font5"> le. Beijing yìqián yě yǒu chéngqiáng. Xiànzài yě dōu chāidiào le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Besides the 10,000 Li Great Wall, a lot of cities in China also used to have city walls. Especially in the north, in order to take precautions against invasions by the northern tribes and to protect the people’s safety, they would often construct city walls around a city. There were several city gates in the city wall.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Formerly, in some cities, the city gates would open in the morning and close in the evening. There were also soldiers standing guard at the gates to the city.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">China has many cities with city walls but their scale is very small.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After city walls were built, with the passage of time they had to be repaired. The walls of some cities underwent repairs many different times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In the latter years of the Ch’ing Dynasty the situation in China changed, and the usefulness of the city walls decreased. Especially after Liberation, for cities to develop and expand it was very inconvenient to have city walls, so the Chinese did not continue building city walls, and a lot of cities even tore down their walls. Peking too used to have city walls, but now they also have been torn down.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wō zài Méiguode shíhou jiù tīngshuōguo Zhōngguode WànlY Chángchéng. Tā búdàn </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">shi </span><span class="font5">Zhongguo wěidàde jiànzhù, ye shi shijièshang you míngde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gujì zhī yì</span><span class="font5">. Xiànzài wo lái Zhōngguo le. Wo hěn xiang zǎo yìdiān qù cānguān cānguān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Ni lái Zhōngguo yíhòu hěn mang, hái meiyou qùguo Bādálíng ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">‘ Zhèige Xìngqǐtiān kéyi qù wárwar.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">M: </span><span class="font5">Ni shuō Bādálǐng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Chángchéng zài Beijing zhèi yíduàn jiào Bādálíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">M: </span><span class="font5">Ou, Wo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">míngbai</span><span class="font5"> le. Ní kéyi bu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">keyi gàosu wo Chángchéng shi shénme shíhou kāishí jiànzhùde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Shi liǎngqiānduō nián yiqián kāishí jiànzhùde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Yígòng yōngle duōshǎo nián cái jiànzhùhāo?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Wanlí Chángchéng bú shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíxiàzi </span><span class="font5">jiànzhuqilaide. Nèi shíhou Zhōngguo hái méiyōu tōngyī. Zhōngguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">beibù</span><span class="font5"> you yìxié xiāo guō, wèile bàohù zìjí, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gèzì </span><span class="font5">jiànzhù chéngqiáng fángbèi wàizúde qīnlúè. Hōulái dàole Qíncháo Qin. Shihuáng tōngyìle Zhōngguo. Zhōngguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéngl</span><span class="font5">e yíge tongyīde guojiā. Jiù ba </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">vuánlái </span><span class="font5">yíduàn yíduànde chéngqiáng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liánjiěqilai</span><span class="font5"> le. Zhèiyàng jiù chéngle Wànlí Chángchéng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I heard of the Great Wall when I was in America. Not only is it a great structure of China, but it is also one of the famous ancient remains of the world. Now that I have come to China, I’d like very much to visit it soon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You’ve been very busy since you came to China, and you haven’t gone to Pataling yet. You can go see it this Sunday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Pataling you say?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The section of the Great Wall near Peking is called Pataling.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Oh, I see. Can you tell me when they began to build the Great Wall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They began to build it more than two thousand years ago.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many years did it take before the building was completed?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall wasn’t built all at once. At that time China wasn’t unified yet. There were several small countries in the north of China. To protect themselves, they each built their owi defense walls to guard against invasions by foreign tribes. Later, during the Ch’in Dynasty, Ch’in Shih Huang united China. China became a unified country. Then the sections of original defense walls were joined together. In this way the Great Wall was formed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Chángchéng zhen yǒu yíwàn lì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cháng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Chángchéng yǒu liùqiānduō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōnglǐ, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiāngdāngyu </span><span class="font5">yíwànèrqiánduō Huálì, suoyi Zhōngguo rén Jiao ta Wanli Chángchéng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Liǎngqiānduō nián yíqián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">jiànzhùde Chángchéng jingguo zhènme jiūde shíjian dào xiànzài hái néng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎocún&jalai</span><span class="font5"> yídìng hen bù rongyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Duì le, </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">Chángchéng </span><span class="font5">zai </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">hěn </span><span class="font5">duō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cháodài</span><span class="font5"> dōu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">J ìnxíngguo </span><span class="font5">zhěngxiū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hǎo. Xièxie ni gàosu wo zenme duō guānyu Cháng-chéngde lìshí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Is the Great Wall really 10,000 Li long?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall is six thousand kilometers long, which is equal to over 12,000 Chinese li, so the Chinese call it the ’Ten Thousand Li Long Wall *.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It must have been very difficult for the Great Wall, which was built over two thousand years ago, to have passed through such a long time and to have been able to </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">be preserved until </span><span class="font5">now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Right. The Great Wall </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">has under</span><span class="font5">gone repairs in many different dynasties.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. Thank you for telling me so much of the history of the Great Wall.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">THE THIRTEEN TOMBS</span></p><img src="Student Text Mods 08_files/Student Text Mods 08-3.png" alt="" style="width:398pt;height:554pt;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit U, Reference List</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Míngtian </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fang Jià</span><span class="font5">. Wo xiǎng dào Mingling qu cānguān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A: Nī zhidao zěnme zou ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Wo yě bù zěnme qīngchu. Wo j iù zhīdao chule. Déshèngmén yìzhí cháo běi zou, Jīngguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chāng-</span><span class="font5">pí</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ng Xian</span><span class="font5"> zài zou bu yuǎn, Jiu dao Shisānlíng le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Li Beijing </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìqū</span><span class="font5"> you wǔshi gōnglí.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">3. B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">U, A.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Rongyi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liaojie</span><span class="font5"> yě rongyi jì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Neixiē </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shírén, shíshou </span><span class="font5">dou zài shénme dìfang?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ni </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yí</span><span class="font5"> dào nar, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">.1iù</span><span class="font5"> kàn-Jian le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèi shisānge ling yìtiān kàndewàn kàribuwan?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǔyào</span><span class="font5"> shi cānguān liǎngge. Yíge shi Chan</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">£Líng</span><span class="font5">, yíge shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dìnglíng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chānglíng shi Míngchāo dìjīge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huángdìd</span><span class="font5">e língmùf</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tomorrow we have the day off. I’d like to visit the Ming Tombs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do you know how to get there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I*m not real ly too clear on that. I only know that when you go out of Teshengmen, you go straight north, go through Ch'angp’ing county, ana nor far from there are the Thirteen Tombs. It’s fifty kilometers from Peking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s easy to understand and easy to remember.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Where are those stone figures and stone animals?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">As soon as you get there, you see them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Can you see all thirteen tombs in one day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The main thing is to visit two. One is Ch’angling, one is Tingling.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What emperor of the Ming Dynasty does the Ch’ang Tomb belong to?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Chánglíng shi Míngcháo dìsānge huángdìde língmù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiūd</span><span class="font5">e zuì zǎo, guímo yě zuì dà.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">8, A: Tīngshuō zài Yījiùwùbā-nián </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kǎogù gōngzuòzhě fāxiànl</span><span class="font5">e yíge dìxia </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngdiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì, nèi shi zài Dìng-líng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Dìnglíngde guīmō dà bu dá?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Hen dà. You sā</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nzuò</span><span class="font5"> shítou men. Měizuò men yǒu b</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ādūn zhong</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">JO, A: Xiù zhèige língmù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàyuē </span><span class="font5">yòngle duó JiS?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yòngle liùnián.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Yongde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cáiliào</span><span class="font5"> dōu shi cong shenme dìfang láide?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yōngde cáiliào dōu shi cǒng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">quán</span><span class="font5"> guo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gědi yùnl</span><span class="font5">aide.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">12. B: Nèi shíhou </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">j iāotōng</span><span class="font5"> bu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font5"> xiànzài zhènme </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fādá</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yùnqilai fēicháng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kùnnan</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Ch’ang Tomb is the tomb of the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was built the earliest, and its scale is the largest.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ve heard that in 1958, archaeological workers discovered an underground palace.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yesj that was in the Ting Tomb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ig the Ting Tomb built on a large scale?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Very large. There are three stone doors. Each door weighs eight tons.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Approximately how long did it take to build this tomb?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It took six years.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Where did the materials which were used come from?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The materials which were used were shipped there from all over the country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time transportation was not as developed as it is now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was very difficult to ship things.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">13. A: Wo xiang zài zhèige mùli yídìng hái fāxiànle hěn duō hěn you </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàzhid</span><span class="font5">e </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wenwù</span><span class="font5">, duì ha?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì, dōu fàngzai Dìnglíng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bo-wùguǎn</span><span class="font5">li.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">I suppose they must have discovered many more valuable artifacts in this tomb, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right, all are in the Ting Tomb Museum.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bowuguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">museum</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cáiliìo Changlíng Chāngpíng Xian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">materials</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the Ch’ang Tomb</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ch’angp’ing County (north of Peking)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàyuē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">about, approximately</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">DÌnglíng dūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Ting Tomb ton</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fādá fang Jià fāxiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to develop</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have a day off for a holiday to discover</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gè-gōngdiàn gōngzuòzhě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">each, every; the various palace</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">worker</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">huángdì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">emperor</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">j iāotōng jiàzhi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">transportation value, worth</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kǎogu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kaogS gōngzuòzhě kùnnan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to do archaeological work archaeological worker to be difficult; difficulty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">liaojie ling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to understand, to comprehend grave or tomb (of emperor or leader)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">mù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">grave, tomb</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">quán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be whole, to be complete</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">shìqū shíren shíshòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">urban area stone figure stone animal</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">wénwù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cultural relic, artifact</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiàn xiang xiū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">county</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to resemble, to be similar to to build, to erect</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yùn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to ship, to transport</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">-zhě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">(syllable indicating one who does the action, i.e., -er)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhong zhǔyào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be heavy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be essential</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for massive objects)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">Unit U, Ref Notes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit U, Reference Notes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Míngtian fàng jià. Wǒ Tomorrow we have the day off.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xiǎng dào Mingling qù I’d like to visit the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cānguān. Ming Tombs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàng jià</span><span class="font5">: ’to have vacation, to have a day off’, more literally 'to be let out on vacation'. This verb and object are used .when the government, a school, an employer or some other institution gives a day off. CAnother verb, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐng jià,</span><span class="font5"> 'to request leave', is used when you ask to take time off yourself.!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A: Ni zhīdao zěnme zǒu ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Wǒ yě bù zěnme qīngchu. Wǒ jiù zhīdao chūle Deshèngmén yìzhí chāo běi zǒu, jīngguo Chāngping Xiàn zài zǒu bù yuan, jiù dào Shísānlíng le. Li Běi-jing shìqū yǒu wǔshi gōnglī.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Do you know how to get there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I'm not really too clear on that. I only know that when you go out of Tesheng-men, you go straight north, go through Ch’angp'ing County and not far from there are the Thirteen Tombs. It's fifty kilometers from Peking.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">If you compare these directions to the map on page 1* in Unit 1 you'll see that the speaker was indeed not too clear on where the Ming Tombs are located. You must in fact go out Teshengmen and -into, not through the Ch’angp'ing County, where the tombs are located.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Běijīng shìqū</span><span class="font5">: 'the Peking urban area'. This refers to the original city of Peking, which must be distinguished from </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Běijīngshì</span><span class="font5">, 'the Peking Municipality*. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Běijīngshì</span><span class="font5"> is made up of the following: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Běijīng shìqū</span><span class="font5">, which consists of four districts; the suburbs surrounding the city, which consist of five districts; and nine counties (of which Chāngping Xiàn is one). The Peking Municipality is an administrative division which is directly controlled by the central government, not the province of Hopei.</span></p>
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 08_files/Student Text Mods 08-4.png" alt="" style="width:323pt;height:223pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">3. B: Rongyi liKojiě yě rongyi jt.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">It's easy to understand and easy to remember.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎojiě</span><span class="font5">: 'to understand, to comprehend, to know, to grasp' This verb has a fairly wide range of reference, including people, difficulties, and complex situations. Like the verbs </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōng</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhidao, liao.liě</span><span class="font5"> is a state verb. The original tones on this verb are </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">llěo.liě. </span><span class="font5">The first syllable automatically changes to </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liáo</span><span class="font5"> in front of another low tone. Some speakers drop the tone on the last syllable resulting in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liáojie</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo xiang liaojie nǐmen zhèrde qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Guānyu wo Jiālide shi, tā hěn liáojie.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">I'd like to understand your situation here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">He understands a lot about </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">ny</span><span class="font5"> family affairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A: Nèixiē shíren, shíshòu dōu zài shenme dìfang?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Where are those stone figures and stone animals?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">As soon as you get there, you see them.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Nǐ yí dào nar, jiù kànjian le.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yí ... jiù ...</span><span class="font5">: ’as soon as</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒ érzi yí fàng jià, women jiù qù Xianggang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Keren yì lái women jiù chi fan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: Zhèi shísānge ling yìtiān kàndewán • kanbuwán?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Zhǔyào shi cānguān liāngge. Yíge shi Chánglíng, yíge shi Dìriglíng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">.., then ...’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">As soon as my son has vacation, we’re going to Hong Kong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">As soon as the guests come, we’ll eat.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Can you see all thirteen tombs in one day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The main thing is to visit two. One is the Ch’ang tomb, one is the Ting tomb.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">the amount of time it front in the sentence</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">would take before the</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Notice that in this sentence, see the tombs (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìtiān</span><span class="font5">) occurs up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This is an exception to the rule that words and phrases of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā láile sāntiān</span><span class="font5">), while TIME-WHEN</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Time phrases telling that something ‘ time come before the verb. Here</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">to verb DURATION come after the verb (e.g __________________</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">words and phrases come before the verb (e.g. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā míngtian lái</span><span class="font5">) generalization can be made here: <sup>1 </sup>is done WITHIN a certain period of are some more examples:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā yíge zhōngtou jiù xuehuì le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He learned it</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">in one hour.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā yíge yuè jiù bā nèiben shū xiechulai </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He wrote that month.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">book in one</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde liān yíxiàzi jiù hong le.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">His face grew blinking’of</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">red in the an eye.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tā liǎngniān qùle Niǔyuē %. V</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">S1C1.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">He went to New York four times in two years.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">... kàndewán kanbuwán?</span><span class="font5">: Here you see the compound verb of’result </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànwán</span><span class="font5"> with the toneless syllables </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de-</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bu-</span><span class="font5"> inserted between the action and the result. This pattern is used to express the meaning of 'able to finish seeing it' and 'not able to finish seeing if. Using the affirmative and negative forms of the verb together forms the question. Usually, the negative alternative of a choice question is unstressed; </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dà bu da</span><span class="font5">, 'large or not’. Here, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kanbuwán</span><span class="font5"> is likewise unstressed, so when said at normal conversational speed, it may just have a low, falling pitch.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǔyào</span><span class="font5">: ’to "be major, essential’. Another translation for the sentence above could be ’There are mainly two that you visit’. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǔyào</span><span class="font5"> is often used as an adverb, and therefore is found in front of other verbs in the sentence. But since it often corresponds to some noun phrase in English, the English word order may be very different from the Chinese word order.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒ xiǎng zhèige went! zhǔyào I think that this question kàn nǐ zěnme xiǎng. depends mainly on what you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">think,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">CNotice that in the above sentence </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn</span><span class="font5"> means ’depends 'J</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Nàr zhǔyào zhǎnlǎn xiē shenme?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ cānguān Shísānlíng zhǔyào kànde shi Chǎnglíng he Dinglíng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">What are the main things they exhibit there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When you visit the Thirteen Tombs, you see chiefly the Chang Tomb and the Ting Tomb.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā zhǔyào shuōde shi Qīng-chǎode lìshǐ.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He spoke mainly about Ch’ing dynasty history.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">The translation ’to be main, essential* is potentially misleading because </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǔyào</span><span class="font5"> implies exclusivity. Often when </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǔyào</span><span class="font5"> is translated as ’mainly’, it also means ’only*. For example:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo jintian lǎi zhǔyào shi yǐnwei wǒde pěngyoumen dōu lǎi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I came today only because all my friends are coming.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">This sentence does not imply that there are any reasons of lesser importance. Because of this implication of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǔyào,</span><span class="font5"> many speakers will not accept ?</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn zhǔyào</span><span class="font5"> ’very main*. This is similar to the English situation where many speakers find it odd to say ’very perfect*.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chǎnglíng</span><span class="font5">: This tomb contains the bodies of the Emperor </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cheng Zǔ</span><span class="font5">, whose reign title was </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yong Lè</span><span class="font5">, and his wife. The Emperor </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cheng Zǔ</span><span class="font5"> ruled from 1UO3 to 1U22.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dinglíng</span><span class="font5">: This tomb contains the bodies of Emperor </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shen Zōng</span><span class="font5">. whose reign title was </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàn LÌ</span><span class="font5">, and his two wives. The Emperor </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shǎn Zōng</span><span class="font5"> ruled from 1573 to 1620.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Chánglíng shi MÍngcháo dìjíge huángdìde língmǔ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Chánglíng shi MÍngcháo dìsānge huángdìde língmù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">7. B: Xiūde zuì zǎo, guīmo yě zuì dà.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What emperor of the Ming Dynasty does the Ch'ang Tomb belong to?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Ch’ang Tomb is the tomb of the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was built the earliest, and its scale is the largest</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de</span><span class="font5">: Here is another example of how to describe how some</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">• action has been performed. The action to be described comes first. To this verb the marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de</span><span class="font5"> is added, followed by an adjectival verb describing the MANNER of the action. Here the adverb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì</span><span class="font5">, ’the most’, comes between the action verb and the adjectival verb.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">8. A: Tīngshùō zài Yījiǔwǔbā-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">I’ve heard that in 1958</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">nián kǎogǔ gōngzuòzhě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">archaeological workers</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāxiànle yíge dìxià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">discovered an underground</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngdiàn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">palace.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì. Nèi shi zài DÌng-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, that was in the Ting</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">líng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tomb.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kǎogǔ gōngzuòzhě</span><span class="font5">: ’archaeological worker’ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zhě</span><span class="font5"> is an ending which turns an action verb into the noun indicating the one who does the action, much like the English ’-er’, as in ’writer’. Other examples are: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuezhě,</span><span class="font5"> ’scholar’, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">láodòngzhě,</span><span class="font5"> ’worker, laborer’, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuòzhě,</span><span class="font5"> ’author*. The number of verbs which can have </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zhě</span><span class="font5"> added to them is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hhit</span><span class="font5"> ted, however; you are advised not to make up words ending in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zhě</span><span class="font5"> without conferring first with a Chinese speaker. For example, there is no </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">paozhě</span><span class="font5">, ’runner’, or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hēzhě,</span><span class="font5"> ’drinker’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">CAnother ending, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">- jiā,</span><span class="font5"> which is added to nouns as well as verbs, is used for professionals or specialists in some activity. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò jiā </span><span class="font5">is ’professional writer’ (as opposed to a </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuòzhě,</span><span class="font5"> for whom writing may not be a career, though one can say </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèipiān wenzhāngde zuòzhě</span><span class="font5">, ’the author of this article’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The ending </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-jiā</span><span class="font5"> is added to subjects of study, as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèngzhi-xué jiā,</span><span class="font5"> ’political scientist’, or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jīng jixue jiā</span><span class="font5">, ’economist’. In the PRC these forms carry an elitist overtone, and therefore you find </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kǎogǔxuejiā</span><span class="font5">, ’archaeologist’, replaced by </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kǎogǔ gōngzuòzhě</span><span class="font5">.J</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāxiàn</span><span class="font5">: ’to discover, a discovery’ Here are some examples of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāxiàn</span><span class="font5"> used as both noun and verb. For the second example you need</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to know that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měizhōu dàlù</span><span class="font5"> is ’American continent’, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēlūnbù</span><span class="font5"> is 'Columbus’.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Wo fāxiàrile yíge fēicháng yǒu yìside dìfang, women kéyi qù war.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">I’ve discovered an extremely interesting place, Where we can go have some fun.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Gēlūnbù zhaodàole Meizhōu dàlù shi yíge wěidàde fāxiàn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">It was a great discovery when Columbus found the American continent.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Dìnglíngde guīmo dà bu da?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Hen dà. Yǒu sānzuò shítou men. Měizuò men you bādūn zhong.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Is the Ting Tomb built on a large scale?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Very large. There are three stone doors. Each door weighs eight tons.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zuò</span><span class="font5">: This is the counter for (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yízuò shān</span><span class="font5">), buildings (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yízuò lǒu</span><span class="font5">). </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiànzhù)</span><span class="font5">. at.fí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The fact that the speaker uses gives you an idea of their size.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">massive objects, such as mountains </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">great structures </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">(yízuò wSidàde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the counter </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zuò</span><span class="font5"> for these doors</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">... yǒu bādūn zhòng.</span><span class="font5">: To give the weight of something, use the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu</span><span class="font5">, the weight, and the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhòng,</span><span class="font5"> ’to be heavy’. To ask the weight, use the question word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duǒ</span><span class="font5"> or a more specific question word such as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jǐdūn,</span><span class="font5"> ’how many tons’, as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǒu duǒ zhòng?,</span><span class="font5"> ’How heavy is it?’, or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǒu jǐdūn zhòng?</span><span class="font5">, ’How many tons is it?*.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: Xiū zhèige língmù dàyuē yòngle duǒ jiu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yòngle liùnián.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Approximately how long did it take to build this tomb?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It took six years.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàyuē</span><span class="font5">; ’about, approximately*.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐde yào dàyuē shífēn zhōng jiù pèihǎo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèizuò lǒu dàyuē yǒu sān-bāi niánde lìshí.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Your prescription (medicine) will be filled in about ten minutes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This building has about 300 years of history.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā dàyuē hái mei láiguo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He probably hasn’t been here before.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Yòngde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cáiliào</span><span class="font5"> dōu shi cōng shénme dìfang laide?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yòngde cáiliào dōu shi cōng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">quán</span><span class="font5"> guō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gèdì yùnl</span><span class="font5">aide.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Where did the materials which were used come from?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The materials which were used were shipped there from all over the country.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gèdì</span><span class="font5">: ’everyplace, various places* The syllable </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gè-</span><span class="font5"> can combine with other words and counters to give the idea of ’each ______*'or</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’various ’. Here are some examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gègè each and every</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gèguō each and every nation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gèrén everybody</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gèwèi ladies and gentlemen (polite address)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gèyàng each and every sort</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gèzhǒng each and every type</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">12. B: Nèi shíhou jiāotōng bú xiang xiànzài zhènme fādá.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yùnqilai fēicháng kùnnan.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time transportation was not as developed as it is now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was very difficult to ship things.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 12</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiāotōng</span><span class="font5">: ’traffic, transportation’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèlide jiāotōng bù ānquán, The traffic here is not safe. Qìchē tài duō, kāide tài There are too many cars, and</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kuài. they go too fast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Qǐng ni zhǎo yíge jiāotōng Please ask a traffic officer to jǐngchá lai. come here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font5">: ’to be similar to, to resemble’. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiàng</span><span class="font5"> may be used as a prepositional verb, as in the sentence above, or as a full verb.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā xiàng tāde fùqin.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He resembles his father.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">As a prepositional verb, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font5"> is used in making comparisons. Notice the similarity of the word order between comparison sentences with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font5"> and those with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ xiang tā name gāo. You’re as tall as he is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ gēn tā yíyàng gāo. You’re as tall as he is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Comparison sentences with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiang</span><span class="font5"> must have either </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">yíyàng</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhènme</span><span class="font5"> (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zènme</span><span class="font5">), or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">name</span><span class="font5"> before the main verb. Note that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiang</span><span class="font5"> connotes rather imprecise comparison as opposed to </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn,</span><span class="font5"> which connotes exact comparison. When items are compared in precisely quantifiable terms, the pattern </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">... gēn ... yí-<sub>Y</sub>àng ,,.</span><span class="font5"> is preferred. While </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ gēn tā yíyàng gāo</span><span class="font5"> states explicitly that you and he are the same height~</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ni xiang tā name gāo</span><span class="font5"> is a bit more vague.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ Xi</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">àng</span><span class="font5"> wo zhènme ná kuàizi. You hold the chopsticks like I do,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiàng huār nàme hāokàn. As beautiful as a flower.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiànzàide tiānqi xiàng The weather now is as comfortable</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chūntian zènme shūfu. as spring.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiàng hǎishuǐ yíyàng lān. As blue as sea water.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The negative </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font5"> comes before the prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā bú xiàng tā mèimei He’s not as intelligent as his</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nàme cōngming. little sister.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kunnan:</span><span class="font5"> ’to be difficult, difficulty’. Here are some examples of</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kùnnan</span><span class="font5"> used both as a noun and as an</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒ xiang nǐ kàn zhèiběn shū méiyou shenme kùnnan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zuò zhèijiàn shi you hěn dàde kùnnan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ yìtiān yào cānguān sānge dìfang hěn kùnnan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèijiàn shi bù néng zuò, tài kùnnan le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">adjectival verb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I don’t think you’ll have any difficulty reading this book.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">There is great difficulty in doing this thing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It would be very difficult for you to visit three places in one day.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This thing can’t be done. It’s too difficult.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">13. A: Wo xiang zài zhèige mùli yídìng hai fāxiànle hěn duo hěn you Jiàzhide wénwù, duì ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì, dōu fàngzai Dìnglíng Bōwuguǎnli.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I suppose they must have discovered many more valuable artifacts in this tomb, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right, all are in the Ting Tomb Museum.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Míngtian fang jià. Wǒ xiǎng dào Mingling qù cānguān. Nī zhīdao zěnme zǒu ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Wǒ yě bù zěnme qīngchu. Wǒ shi zuo gōnggòng qìchē qùde. Wo jiù zhīdao chūle Déshèngmén yìzhí chǎo běi zǒu, jīngguǒ Chāng-píng Xiàn,zài zǒu bù yuan, jiù dào Shísānlíng le. Lí Běijīng shìqū yǒu wushi gōnglī.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Nī shuo Shísānlíng, zhèi shi qhénme yìsi?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shísānlíng jiù shi Mingling.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Yīnwei you shisānge língmù, suóyi wǒmen jiào ta Shísānlíng. Yīnwei shi Míngcháode língmù, suóyi wàiguo rén jiào ta Mingling.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Wo zài diànshishang kànjian nàr you bù shāo shírén, shíshòu, zuì yǒu yìsi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Duì, nī yí dào nàr, jiù kànjian nèixiē shírén, shíshòu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Zhèi shisānge ling yìtiān kàndewán kanbuwǎn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shísānlíng, dìfang hěn dà. Zhǔyào shi cāne-uān liǎngge dìfang. Yíge shi Chǎnglíng, yíge shi Dinglíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tomorrow i have the day off. I' like to visit the Ming Tombs. Do you know how to get there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m not really too clear on that. I took the bus there. I only know that when you go out of Teshengmen, you go straight north, go .through Changping county, and not far from there are the Thirte« Tombs. It’s fifty kilometers from Peking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You said Shihsanling. What does that mean?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shihsanling is the Ming Tombs. We call it Shihsanling because there are thirteen tombs there. Foreigners call it the Ming Tombs because they are the tombs of the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ve seen on television that there are many stone figures and stone animals there. Really interesting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">.That’s right. As soon as you get there, you see those stone figures and stone animals.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Can you see all of these thirteen tombs in one day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The area of the Thirteen Tombs is very large. There are mainly two that you visit. One is the Ch’ang Tomb. One is the Ting Tomb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Chánglíng shi Míngcháo dìsānge huángdìde língmù. Xiūde zuì zào, guīmo yě zuì dà.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Tīngshuō zài 1958 nián kāogǔ gōngzuōzhě fāxiànle yíge dìxià gōngdiàn.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì. Nsi shi zài Dìnglíng. Dìnglíng shi Míngcháo dìshísānge huángdìde. Zhèige mù shi yòng shítou xiūjiànde. Y3u sānzuò shítou mén. Měizuò men you bādūn zhòng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiū zhèige língmù yòngle liùnián. Měitiān dàyuē yǒu sānwàn gōngrén gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Yòngde cáiliào dōu shi cong quán guo gèdì yùnlaide ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì. Shénme dìfangde dōu yǒu. Nèi shíhou Jiāotōng bú xiàng xiànzai zhènme fādá. Yunqilai fēicháng kùnnan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Zài zhèige mùli yídìng hái fāxiànle hen duō hen yǒu jiàzhide wénwù ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì. Dōu fàngzai Dìnglíng Bowuguǎnlì. Nī yídìng děi qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Ch’ang Tomb is the tomb of the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. It was built the earliest, and its scale is the largest.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ve heard that in 1958, archaeological workers discovered an underground palace.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right. That’s at Tingling. Tingling is the tomb of the thirteenth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Th^t tomb is constructed of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">stone. There are three stone doors. Each door weighs 8 tons.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It took about six years to build the tomb, Everyday there were about 30,000 laborers working.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Were the materials that were used shipped there from all over the country?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, from every place. At that time transportation was not as developed as it is now. It was very difficult to ship things.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They must have discovered many more valuable cultural artifacts in that. tomb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. And all are in the Ting Tomb Museum. You should really go see it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit U, Tape 2 Workbook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">.want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise contains a conversation between a foreign student and his Chinese friend in which they talk about the Peking Museum of History which one of them visited the day before.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you might want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on page 100 as you listen to it a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhǎnlUn to exhibit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gǔdài ancient times</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">8<sup>e</sup>5<sup>e</sup> each and every</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shíqì time period, era</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shōují to collect</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhēnguì to be precious, valuable</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chuàngzào to create</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you will hear a conversation between a member of the Canadian Embassy staff, who has been invited to a banquet in the Great Hall of the People, and a Chinese staff member of the Canadian Embassy, who provides the Canadian with some details about the Great Hall of the People.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation once straight through, then listen a</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">second time and turn to page <sup>100</sup> and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiēdao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to receive</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Rénmín Dàhuìtáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Great Hall of the People</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yànhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">feast, banquet</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">píngfāng gōngchǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">square meter</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàlitáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">auditorium</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yànhuìtíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">banquet hall</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">huìyitīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">meeting hall</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">bùzhi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">interior decor</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tèdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">distinctive point</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhīchí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">support</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">Note: In this conversation you will hear another example of the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào </span><span class="font5">used in compound verbs to indicate successful completion of the action:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo Jiēdao Wàijiāobùde qǐngtiē. I’ve received an invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise an American visitor who desires to visit the Ming Tombs asks his Chinese guide for some information about them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then on the second time through answer the questions found on page 100 .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">For this exercise you will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gúdai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">érqiě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tiānshou Shān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">man shān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shìzi shù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ancient times</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">and, moreover</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the name of a mountain</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the whole mountain</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">persimmon tree</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">zhèng hǎo</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">just right</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What did the Chinese friend go visit on Sunday? Where is this located?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. What sort of exhibits can be found in the museum?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Are the things exhibited from modern times only? Were these * products all discovered in one place?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">It. What feeling do you get after visiting the museum?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. When can a person go visit the Museum and does it take long to see it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 102 • You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Where is the Canadian staff member going and when does she plan to go?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. How does the Canadian feel about going to the Great Hall of the People?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Is the Great Hall of the People large? Just how large is it? Is it decorated all the same?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. Why, according to the Chinese staff member in the Embassy, did the Great Hall not take a long time to build?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions yourself, you might want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 103 • You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 4</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Where are the Ming Tombs located?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Are ’Thirteen Tombs’ and ’Ming Tombs’ names for the same place? If so, why are the two names used?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. How would you go from Peking to the Thirteen Tombs? Once you get there, will you visit all the tombs? If not, why not?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. What are the first things you see when you arrive at the Thirteen Tombs?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. The guide suggests that the visitor go see the Thirteen Tombs at a certain time. When is this? Why does she make this suggestion?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions yourself, look on page lOU f or the translation to this dialogue, then listen again to the dialogue to help you prepare to say your answers orally.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Zuótian shi Xīngqìtiān, nǐ dào nǎr qù war le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Wō qù cānguān Běijīng Lìshǐ Bowuguǎn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Běijīng Lìshǐ Bowuguǎn zài nǎr?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Zài Tiananmen dōngbiar.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Guīmo dà bu da?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Hěn dà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Nàr zhǔyào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǎnlǎn</span><span class="font5"> xiē shenme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Zhǔyào you cong </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǔdài</span><span class="font5"> yìzhí dào xiànzàide </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gègè shíqǐ</span><span class="font5">de lìshǐ wénwù, dōu shi kǎogǔ gōngzuòzhě zài quǎn guo gèdì fāxiàn he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shoují</span><span class="font5">de, fēichǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhēnguì</span><span class="font5">. Nǐ kànle Běijīng Lìshǐ Bowuguǎn yīhòu, yídìng huì juěde lìshǐ shi láodòng rěnmín </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuàngzào</span><span class="font5">de.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yesterday was Sunday. Where did you go to have fun?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I went to visit the Peking Museun of History.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Where is the Peking Museum of History?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">To the east of T’ien An Men.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Is it extensive?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Very extensive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What are the main things they have exhibited?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The main things there are histor: cal cultural products of every period from ancient times all the way to the present. They were discovered and collected by archaeological workers in various places throughout the country, and are very valuable After you’ve seen the Peking Museum of History you will sun feel that history is created b; the working people.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Lìshǐ Bowuguǎn měitiān dōu kāi ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">F: Měitiān dōu kāi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Qù cānguān Lìshǐ Bowuguǎn yào yòng duōshao shijian?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">F: Zuì shǎo yào bàntiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wō yǐhòu yídìng yào qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Is the Museum of History open every day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How long does it take to visit t Museum of History?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At least half a day.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ll have to go see it sometime.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Wǒ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiēdao</span><span class="font5"> Wàijiāobùde qingtiē. Houtian wǎnshang zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rénmín Dahuìtáng</span><span class="font5"> yǒu yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yànhuì</span><span class="font5">. Dàshiguǎn yǒu hen duō ren qù. Wǒ hen gāoxìng. Wǒ hái mei qùguo Renmín Dahuìtáng ne.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ve received an invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The day after tomorrow in the evening there’s going to be a banquet in the Great Hall of the People. There are a lot of people from the embassy going. I’m so happy. I haven’t been to the Great Hall of the People yet.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Renmín Dahuìtáng hen dà, hen piàoliang, shi yíge wěidàde jiànzhù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Renmín Dahuìtáng shi shénme shíhou jiànzhùhǎode?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great.Hall of the People is large and beautiful. It’s a great building.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When was it completed?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Shi 19^5 nián Jiìíyue jiànzhùhǎode.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Yǒu duo dà?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Yǒu qIshiwànyìq iānliùbǎi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">pingfāng gōngchǐ</span><span class="font5">. Renmín Dahuìtáng you yíge kéyi zuò yíwàn rénde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàlǐtáng</span><span class="font5">, you yíge kéyi zuò wǔqiān rénde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yànhuìtīng</span><span class="font5">. Měi yì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sheng</span><span class="font5"> you yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huì^iting</span><span class="font5">. Měi yíge huìyi-tingde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bùzhi</span><span class="font5"> dōu bù yíyàng, dōu you </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tèdiǎn</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Zhènme wěidàde jiànzhù yídìng yòngle hěn chángde shíjian cái jiànzhùhǎode ba!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">It was completed in September, 195^.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How big is it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s 701,600 square meters. It has an auditorium which can seat 10,000 people and a banquet hall that can seat 5,000. There is a meeting hall for each province, and the decor of each of the meeting halls is different; each has its distinctive points.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It must have taken a long time to build such a great building!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Bú shi. Yīnwei you quán guō rén-mínde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīchí</span><span class="font5">, yígòng zhǐ yòng le shíge yuède shíjian jiù jiànzhù-hǎo le. Dāngrán zài jiànzhùde shihou yǒu hěn duō kùnnan. Jiànzhù cáiliào shi cōng quán guo gèdì yùnlaide. Buguò xiànzài jiāotōng fādá, bī yīqián jiù fāngbian duō le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">No. Because it had the support o the people of the entire countr it took only ten months to com-lete it, altogether. Of course there were a lot of difficultie in building it. The building materials were shipped from all over the whole country. But non transportation is developed and it is much more convenient than before.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 4</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wo zài Měiguode shíhou jiù tīng-shuō Mingling shi Zhōngguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gudàid</span><span class="font5">e wěidà jiànzhù. Wǒ hěn xiǎng qù kànkan. Mingling lí Běijīng shìqū yuǎn ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Bu tài yuan. Shísānlíng lí Běijīng shìqū yǒu wǔshi gǒnglī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Nī shuō Shísānlíng, Shísānlíng shi shenme yìsi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Shísānlíng jiù shi Mingling.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women Zhōngguo rén jiào Shísānlíng yīnwei nàr you shísānge huángdìde língmù. Wàiguo rén jiào Mingling yīnwei nèi shi Míngcháode língmù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Mingling shi zài Běijīngde něibiar?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Zài Běijīngde běibiar. Nī cōng Déshèngmén wàng běi zǒu, yǒu yìtiáo dà lù, yìzhí dào Shísānlíng. Shísānlíng dìfang hěn dà. Nī cānguān Shísānlíng zhǔyào kànde shi Changlíng hé Dinglíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Biéde língmù ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When I was in America I heard thi the Ming Tombs were a great structure from Chinese antiqui' I’d like to go see them very much. Are the Ming. Tombs far from the city of Peking?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Not too far. The Thirteen Tombs are fifty kilometers from the city of Peking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Thirteen Tombs, you say? What does that mean?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Thirteen Tombs are the Ming Tombs. We Chinese call, them the Thirteen Tombs because the are thirteen emperors’ tombs there. Foreigners call them the Ming Tombs because they’re tombs of the Ming dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Which direction are the Thirteen tombs from Peking?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They’re to the north of Peking. From Teshengmen you go north. There’s a main road which goes directly to the Thirteen Tombs The Thirteen Tombs cover a lai area. The main things you wiJ see when you visit the Thirtee Tombs are the Ch’ang Tomb and the Ting Tomb.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">And the other tombs?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Suīrán biéde língmù kéyi qù kàn, kěshi kànle Chánglíng hé Dìng-líng yīhòu zài qù kàn qítāde língmù, jiù juede méi shenme yìsi le. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ěrqiě</span><span class="font5"> měige língmù lí lìngwàide língmù yě hěn yuǎn. . . . Nī yídào Shísānlíng jiù kànjian yíge Dàhongmén, guòle Dàhongmén bù yuan, lùde liǎng-biār you èrshiwǔge shíshòu, shíèr-ge shíren, hěn hǎo kàn. . . • Shísānlíng shi zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tiānsh&u Shān</span><span class="font5">, shānshang you hěn duo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìzi shù, </span><span class="font5">qiūtiande shíhou shìzi hong le, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">man shān</span><span class="font5"> dōu shi hong yánsè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhēn shi piàoliangjíle. Xiànzài yījīng shi qiūtian le. Nī zài děng liǎngge xīngqī qù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèng </span><span class="font5">hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hǎo, hǎo. Xièxie ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Although you can go see the other tombs, after you’ve seen the Ch’ang Tomb and the Ting Tomb, if you go look at the other tombs you don’t feel they're all that interesting. And what's more, each tomb is also very far from the other tombs. .... When you get to the Thirteen Tombs you see </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">a Great Red. Gate. </span><span class="font5">Not far from the </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">Great Red Gate, </span><span class="font5">along both sides of the road, there are twenty-five stone animals and twelve stone men. ... It’s very beautiful. ... The Thirteen Tombs are T’ien Shou Mountain, and there are a lot of persimmon trees on the mountain. In the fall, when the persimmons turn red, the whole mountain is red. It’s really very pretty. It’s already autumn now. If you wait and go in two more weeks it will be just right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. Thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">RED FLAG PEOPLE’S COMMUNE</span></p><img src="Student Text Mods 08_files/Student Text Mods 08-5.png" alt="" style="width:446pt;height:420pt;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <h1><a name="bookmark55"></a><span class="font8"><a name="bookmark56"></a>□ o Q a </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">production brigade belonging to this</span></h1></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font8">□ a □ □ </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">commune</span></p></li></ul>
- <h1><a name="bookmark57"></a><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark58"></a>production brigade belonging to another</span></h1>
- <h2><a name="bookmark59"></a><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark60"></a>' '"' <sup>z</sup> commune</span></h2>
- <h1><a name="bookmark61"></a><span class="font8"><a name="bookmark62"></a>5 — </span><span class="font9" style="font-style:italic;">all types of paved roads and dirt roads</span></h1>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Commune Revolutionary Committee</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">middle school</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">machinery repair shop</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">primary school</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tractor yard</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">agricultural skills training</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">1+.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fertilizer factory</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">school</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">5-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">agricultural pesticide factory</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">film projection team, amateur</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">hospital</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">theater group</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">supply and marketing cooperative</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">kindergarten</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bank for extending credit for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">nurseries</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Si.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">commune projects</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">15-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">carpentry shop</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Women qù cānguānde nèige gōngshè jiào shénme?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Jiào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hongqí</span><span class="font5"> Rénmín Gōngshè.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. 2: '’Nongyè Xué </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàzhai</span><span class="font5">. *</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. B: Zhèi shi yíge ’Nōngyè Xué Dàzhài’de </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiànj in dānwèi</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A: Nǐmen gōngshè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǔdì mianji</span><span class="font5"> duō da?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Tǔdì miànji jiǔshi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">píngfāng</span><span class="font5"> gōnglǐ.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: Gōngshè shi zěnme zǔzhide?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Gongshède zǔzhi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font5"> sānjí gōngshè xiàtou you liùge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēngchǎn dàduì, </span><span class="font5">shengchǎn dàduì xiàtou you qǐshièrge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēngchǎn duì</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Nǐmen zhèige gōngshè shēngchǎn shénme?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women gōngshè zhǔyào shi shēngchǎn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liángshi</span><span class="font5">, yě shēngchǎn shuǐguo, shǔcài, hǎi you </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yāzi</span><span class="font5">. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǔ</span><span class="font5"> he yǔ.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">7 A: Zhèr youde shíhou </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāshēng shuǐzāi</span><span class="font5"> ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women zhèige </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìqū</span><span class="font5"> zài Jiěfàng qian chǎngchǎng fāshēng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hànzāi</span><span class="font5">, shuǐzāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What’s the name of the commune that we are going to visit?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s called the Red Flag People’s Commune.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’In Agriculture Learn from Tachai.’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This is an advanced unit winch" ’In Agriculture Learns from Tachai.’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much land does your commune have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The land area is 90 square kilometers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How is the commune organized?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The commune is divided into three levels: under the commune are six production brigades, and under the six production brigades are 72 production teams.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What does your commune produce?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our commune mainly produces grain, but it also produces fruit, vegetables, ducks, pigs, and fish.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do you sometimes have floods here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Before Liberation this area of land often had droughts and floods.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: Yǐqián </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǔrǎng</span><span class="font5"> yě bù hao.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Nèige shíhou měi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gongqíng </span><span class="font5">tǔdì shěngchan duō-shao liángshi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Měi gōngqíng tudì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">píngjūn</span><span class="font5"> yìnián zhí shěngchan bābǎi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōng-jīn</span><span class="font5"> zuoyònde liángshi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">10. B: Jiěfàng yihòu, tāmen , xiūjiànle </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuíkù</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">11. B: Xiànzàide shěngchan </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">děngyú</span><span class="font5"> Jiěfàng ylqiánde bábèi duō.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">12. B: Neige gōngshè hái you yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huàfeichǎng</span><span class="font5"> he yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nongyàochang</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">13. A: Zhèige gōngshè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jīxièhuàd</span><span class="font5">e qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women yíjíng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíxíng </span><span class="font5">nongyè jíxièhua.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">- Not on Tape -</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1U. huàféi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">15. nongyào</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In the past the soil was not good either.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much grain did each hectare of land produce at that time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Each hectare of land on the average only produced about 800 kilograms of grain per year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After Liberation, they constructed a reservoir.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Now the production is equal to more than eight times the production before the Liberation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That commune also has a chemical fertilizer factory and an agricultural pesticide factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What is the situation regarding mechanization on this commune?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We have already put agricultural mechanization into effect.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">chemical fertilizer</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">agricultural pesticide</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">-bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">times, -fold (i.e., threefold)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">factory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">'brigade* as in production brigade</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dānwèi Dazhài děngyu dìqū duì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">unit (of organization)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tachai, name of model commune to be equal to, to be equivalent area team (i.e., production team)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāshēng fēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to happen, to occur to divide</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngjīn gōngqing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kilogram (approximately 2.2 lbs.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hectare (approximately 21/2 acres)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">hànzài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hfingqí Gōngshè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-huà huàféi huàféichǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">drought</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Red Flag Commune</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-ize (i.e., modernize) chemical fertilizer chemical fertilizer factory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jí Jǐxièhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">level (of organization) mechanization; to mechanize</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">liángshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">grain</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">miànji</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">surface, surface area</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">nongyào nongyàochang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">agricultural pesticide</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">agricultural pesticide factory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">píngfāng píngjūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">square (used in area measurement) average, on the average</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">shēngchǎn shíxíng shūcài shuíkù shuízāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">production; to produce to put into effect vegetables reservoir flood</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tǔdì tǔrǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">land soil</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiānj in</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to advance; advanced</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yāzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">duck</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhū zǔzhi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Pig organization; to organize</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5,</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Reference Notes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Women qù canguande nèige What’s the name of the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōngshè Jiào commune that we are</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shenme? going to visit?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Jiào Hóngqí Rěnmín Gōngshè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">It’s called, the Red Flag People’s Commune.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hongqí Renmín Gōngshè</span><span class="font5">: ’Red Flag People’s Commune’. There are many communes in China called hy this name. Another common name is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dōngfēng Rěnmín Gōngshè,</span><span class="font5"> ’East Wind People’s Commune’.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">2. B: ’Nóngyè Xué Dàzhài.*</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">’In Agriculture Learn from Tachai.’</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This is a slogan which came out in 196U. It encourages all who are involved with agriculture to learn from the model commune, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàzhài, </span><span class="font5">located in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shǎnxī</span><span class="font5"> Province.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">3. B: Zhèi shi yíge ’Nongyè Xue Dàzhài’de xiānj iàn dānwèi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">This is an advanced unit which ’In Agriculture Learns from Tachai,’</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiānjin dānwèi</span><span class="font5">: ’advanced unit*. This is a unit of a factory or a commune which has made excellent achievements. In order for a unit to qualify as an advanced unit, it must have 1) carried out all political movements successfully, 2) successfully put into effect each policy directive, and 3) completely fulfilled the national plan for its product.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A: Nímen gōngshè tǔdì miànji duō dà?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Tǔdì mi ànj i J iǔshi píngfǎng gōnglī.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">How much land does your commune have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The land area is 90 square kilometers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">miànji</span><span class="font5">: ’surface area*. Notice that in the answer it is not necessary to use any verb when giving the area. This is similar to the situation when giving ages or prices.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā èrshiqī suì le. She is twenty-seven years old.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nèibǎn shǔ sìkuài qián. That book is four dollars.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Quán she miànji liùshiqí The area of the whole commune is</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">píngfāng gōnglǐ. 6? square kilometers.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: Gōngshè 8Ì4 zěnme zuzhide?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">How is the commune organized?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Gōngshède zǔzhi fēn sānjí: gōngshè xiàtou yǒu liùge shēngchǎn dàduì, shēngchǎn dàduì xiàtou you qīshièrge shēngchǎn duì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The commune is divided into three levels: under the commune are six production brigades, and under the six production brigades are 72 production teams.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">... shi zěnme zuzhide?</span><span class="font5">: The marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font5"> at the end of the question is the marker for modification. The modified noun whicn would follow the marker de is omitted because it is understood.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōngshè fēn sǎnjí</span><span class="font5">: There are three levels of commune organization: the team, the brigade, and the commune itself. At the top is the commune’s revolutionary committee C</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gemìng Wěiyuánhuì</span><span class="font5">Z1. Below that, each commune may have six to eight production brigades. A production brigade consists of the original farm village, which is then divided and organized into production teams. Commune members live in individual houses.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All the land, buildings, shops, clinics, large machinery, electrical power stations, factories, and so on belong to the commune.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">However, the planning of the production and the paying of the members, which depends on the amount of production, is done on the production team le4el. All the teams have their own livestock, but they take turns borrowing large machines such as planters or tractors from the commune. Production teams often specialize in one type of activity, such as crop raising, machinery repair, or animal husbandry. Production brigades handle tasks which are beyond the capacity of a team, such as irrigation.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Nīmen zhèige gōngshè shēngchǎn shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women gōngshè zhǔyào shi shēngchǎn liangshi, yě shēngchǎn shuíguō, shūcài, hai you yǎzi, zhū he yǔ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">7. A: Zhèr youde shíhou fāshēng shuízāi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women zhèige dìqū zài Jiefàng qiǎn chǎngchǎng fāshēng hànzài, shuízāi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What does your commune produce?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our commune mainly produces grain, but it also produces fruit, vegetables, ducks, pigs, and fish.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do you sometimes have floods here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Before Liberation this area of land often had droughts and floods.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No, 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāshēng</span><span class="font5">: ’to happen, to occur, to arise’. This verb is often used in connection with unpleasant things: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāshēng wèntí</span><span class="font5">, ’a problem arises*, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāshēng kùnnan.</span><span class="font5"> ’difficulties occur’, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāshēng chēhuo,</span><span class="font5"> ’a car accident happens’. Notice that in these examples the subject in the Chinese is indefinite and follows the verb. As you may remember, in sentences with verbs indicating appearance or disappearance of something, that is the coming of something onto the scene or the leaving of something from the scene, the indefinite subject always follows the verb. (See also Note No. 2 in Meeting Unit 7«)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: Yíqiǎn tǔrǎng yǎ bù hǎo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Nèige shíhou mei gōngqing tǔdì shēngchǎn duōshao liǎngshi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Měi gōngqing tǔdì píngjūn yìniǎn zhí shēngchǎn bābǎi gōngjīn zuǒyòude liǎngshi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In the past the soil was not good either.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much grain did each hectare of land produce at that time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Each hectare of land on the average only produced about 800 kilograms of grain per year.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">píng.jūn</span><span class="font5">: ’on the average’. Notice the word order in the answer:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">SUBJECT ADVERBS VERB MODIFIERS OF OBJECT OBJECT</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Měi gōngqǐng tǔdì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">píngjūn yì-nián zhǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shengchan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">800 gōngjīn zuoyǒude</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">liángshi</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">The adverbial phrase with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">píng.jūn</span><span class="font5"> may also occur at the beginning of the sentence:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">MODIFIERS ADVERBS SUBJECT VERB OF OBJECT OBJECT</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Qùnián píngjūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">měi gōngqǐng tǔdì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shěngchan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">TOOOduō gongjin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">liángshi</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngqǐng</span><span class="font5">: ’hectare (approximately 21/2 acres)’ Here are the metric terms for measurement of area in Chinese:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">píngfāng mi gōngmǔ gōngqǐng píngfāng gōnglǐ</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">square meter (See Unit 7)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">are, 100 sq. meters (not taught in this module)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hectare, 100 ares</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">square kilometer, 100 hectares</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">10. B: Jiěfàng yǐhòu, tāmen xiūjiànle shuīkù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">11. B: Xiānzàide shengchan děngyu Jiěfàng yǐqiánde bābèi duō.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">After Liberation, they constructed a reservoir.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Now the production is equal to more than eight times the production before Liberation.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 11</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font5">: ’times, to show multiples of</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">-fold’ The syllable </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font5"> is used after a number an amount, as in:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sānbèi three times</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shíbèi ten times</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yìbāibèi one hundred times</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Amounts with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font5"> can occur in two different patterns. One pattern expresses comparison; an example is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liù bǐ sān dà yíbèi,</span><span class="font5"> ’Six is twice as much as three’. The other pattern expresses equivalence and uses the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi, you</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">děngyu;</span><span class="font5"> for example, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liù shi sānde liǎngbèi</span><span class="font5">, ’Six is two times three’. The interpretation of a sentence with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font5"> depends on which pattern is used. For example, if you use </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sānbèi</span><span class="font5"> in a comparison sentence, the meaning is ’the base amount plus three times the base amount’, or in other words ’four times’. If you use </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sānbèi</span><span class="font5"> in an equivalence sentence, the meaning is ’three times’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(comparison) Tā (bǐ wǒ) dà He is four times as old (as l).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sānbèi. (Literally, ’He is older</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">by three times’)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(equivalence) Tā yǒu wǒde sānbèi He is three times as old</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">name dà. as I.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">sentence </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā bǐ wǒ dà yíbèi,</span><span class="font5"> ’He is twice as old as I am’, same thing as the equivalence sentence </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā yǒu wǒde liǎng-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The comparison thus means the </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi name dà</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are some more examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Comparison</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde shū bī wode duō yíbèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde diànshì bī wǒde dà yíbèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde zhuōzi bī wǒde cháng yíbèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde shūjiàzi bī wǒde gāo liāngbèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde chènshān bī wǒde duō sānbèi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He has twice as many books as I.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">His television is twice as big as mine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">His table is twice as long as mine. •</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">His bookcase is three times as tall as mine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">He has four times as many shirts as I.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Equivalence</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Notice that in this pattern if </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font5"> is followed by an adjectival verb, the adjectival verb may be preceded by </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">name,</span><span class="font5"> which does not change the meaning significantly.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Liu shi sānde liāngbèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒde shūjiàzi yǒu tāde liāngbèi (nàme) gāo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">6 is two times 3.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">My bookcase is twice as tall as his.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Jīntian màide shūcài děngyfi zuōtiande liāngbèi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">(said by one food distributor to another) I sold twice as many vegetables today as yesterday.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">12. B: Nèige gōngshè hái you yíge huàféichāng he yíge nǒngyàochāng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">That commune also has a chemical fertilizer factory and an agricultural pesticide factory.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">13. A: Zhèige gōngshè jīxièhuàde What is the situation re-qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng? garding mechanization</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">on this commune?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women yǐjíng shíxíng We have already put agricultural</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nōngyè jīxièhuè. mechanization into effect.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 13</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jīxièhuà</span><span class="font5">: *to mechanize’ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jǐxiè</span><span class="font5"> is the word for ’machinery’, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-huà</span><span class="font5"> is the syllable which corresponds to ’-ize’ or ’make into’.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">(This is a talk given to a group</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">a representative of the commune.)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">of foreign visitors by</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Womende gōngshè jiào Hongqí Renmín Gōngshè. Shi yíge ’Nōngyè Xue Dàzhài’de xiānjin dānwèi. Quan gōngshède rénkōu yígòng you s ì w§ nwǔai ānl iùbǎi a í s hi s an </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">ge rén.</span><span class="font5"> Tudì miànji jiǔshi píngfāng gǒnglí. Gongshède zǔzhi fen sǎnjí: gōngshè xiàtou you liùge shengchan dàduì, shěngchan dàduì xiàtou you qǐshièrge shěngchǎnduì. Women gōngshè zhǔyào shi shengchan liangshi, ye shěngchan shuíguo, shucài, hái you yàzi, zhu he yu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women zhèige díqū zài Jiěfàng Qian chángcháng you hànzāi, shuizāi. Turǎng yě bù hǎo. Mei gōngqíng tǔdì píngjūn yínián zhí shengchan bābǎi gōngjín zuōyòude liangshi. Jiěfàng yihòu, women xiūjiànle shuíkù. Shěngchan yínián bí yinián hǎo. Xiànzài píngjūn měinián yi gōngqíng tǔdì keyi shengchan liùqiānbābǎiwǔshiduō gōngjín liángshi, děngyu Jiěfàng yíqiánde búbèiduō. Xiànzài women zhèige gōngshè yíjing you yíge huàfěichǎng, he yíge nōngyàochǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jiěfàng yíqián women zhèige dìfang zhí yōu sìge xiǎoxué, méiyou zhōngxué. Xiànzài you shíjiǔge xiǎoxué, liùge zhongxué•</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our commune is called the Red Flag People’s Commune. It is an advanced unit which<sup>,</sup>Zn Agriculture LEarns From Tachai’. The whole commune's population is H5,6?3 people. The land area is 90 square kilometers. The organization of the commune is divided, into three levels: under the commune are six production brigades, and under the six production brigades are 72 production teams. Our commune mainly produces grain, but it also produces fruit and vegetables, as well as ducks, pigs, and fish.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Before Liberation, this area of land often had droughts or floods. The soil was not good, either. Each hectare of land on the average produced only about 800 kilograms of grain year. After liberation we constructed a reservoir. The production gets greater year by year. Now each hectare of land can produce on the average more than 6,850 kilograms of grain a year, which is equal to more than eight times the production before Liberation. This commune now has a chemical fertilizer factory and an agricultural pesticide factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Before Liberation, we only had four primary schools and no middle schools here. Now there ire nineteen primary schools and six middle schools.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font0">X < w **</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xianzai women <sup>ZU1 </sup>zhòngyàode gōngzuò jiù shi zěnmeyàng zao yìdiǎr shíxíng quán xiàn nóngyè jixièhuà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Right now our most important work is how to put agricultural mechanization into effect for the entire county soon as possible.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5,</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Tape 2 Workbook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed "by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise a representative of the Red Flag People’s Commune welcomes a group of American visitors to the commune and gives them some information about it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you might want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on page 122 as you listen to it a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shèyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">commune personnel</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shēnghuo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">life</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fùyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">side-line occupation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to raise, to care for</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">sheep</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">miànfěn chǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">flour factory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to plant, to grow</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">’kào tiān chī fan*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">’dependent on Heaven for food’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">līngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to lead</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiǎndān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be simple</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you will hear a conversation in which a representative of the Red Flag Commune asks the American visitor some questions about the situation of American farm villages.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation straight through, then listen a second time and turn to page 122 and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">nongcūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">farm village</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">nóngchǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">a farm</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhǎngdà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to grow up</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">màizi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">wheat</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to plant, to grow</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yumi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">corn</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngshēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">liter</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">nongmángde shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">the agricultural busy season</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">qīnqi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">relatives</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">bāngmáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to help (required Unit 2)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to hire</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to raise, to care for</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">nSiniú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dairy cow</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zongde lái shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">on the whole</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shìhé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to suit, to fit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to occupy a space; to constitute</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">portion or an amount</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chūkǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to export</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">Note: In this conversation you will hear a new usage of the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàn</span><span class="font5">, ’to occupy a space or area’. Here the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàn</span><span class="font5"> is used to mean ’to occupy a proportion of an amount’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nongyè rénkǒu zhī zhàn quán The agricultural population is only guo rěnkǒude bàifēn zhī si. four percent of the whole populatioi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Percentage is expressed by the phrase </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎifēn zhī ...</span><span class="font5">, ’... of one hundred parts’. You'll learn more about this in Unit 8.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise a foreign visitor talks with a commune member about different aspects of a commune: its size, agricultural products, and the educational aspect.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then on the second time through answer the questions found on page 123-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">For this exercise you will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">lǐngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to lead</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gǎiliáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to improve</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shèyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">commune personnel</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zìliúdì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">private plot of land</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dòuzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">beans</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">hàozhào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to issue a call</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to raise, to care for</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to grow, to raise</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhìnèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">within</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">PǓJÍ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to popularize</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chengji</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">achievement</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">nǔlì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be industrious</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise gives you a chance to work on your understanding of amounts with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font5">. It does not occur on the tape. Do it on your own before class. Be sure you have read and understood the note on the use of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font5"> (Unit 5, Note on No. 11 ) before attempting this exercise.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Given the proportions stated in each sentence in the first column the quantities specified in the second column third column.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Wode qián shi tāde qiánde liangbèi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Wode qián shi tāde qiánde sānbèi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Zhèikuài dìde mianJi děngyú nèikuai dìde liangbèi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. Tāde qián bǐ wǒde duō sānbèi.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā yǒu wǔkuai qián,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒ yǒu liùkuai qián,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèikuài dì yǒu 20 píngfāng gōngchǐ,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒ yǒu yíkuai qián,</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">and calculate the figure for the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wǒ yǒu kuai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tā yǒu kuai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nèikuài dì yǒu _____</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">píngfāng gōngchǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tā yǒu kuai.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Jintian màide cài děngyu zuōtiande liǎngbèi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. Zhèizhāng zhuōzi you nèizhāngde liangbèi nàme cháng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. Wō jiā lí xuéxiào bǐ nǐ jiā yuan yíbèi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. Zhèibǎ yǔsǎn bǐ nèibǎ yǔsǎn gui liāngbèi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">«</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">9. Nèige hong yánsède chènshān bǐ lánde guì yíbèi.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zuótian màile 300 gōngjín cài,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nèizhāng zhuōzi you 3 chǐ cháng,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wō jiā lí xuéxiào you èr li dì,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèibā yǔsǎn 12 kuai,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hong yánsède 16 kuai,</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">jīntian màile _____</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōngjín cài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhèizhāng you chǐ cháng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nǐ jiā lí xuéxiào cái ___lǐ dì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nèibǎ cái </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">k</span><span class="font5">uai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lán yánsède cái </span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kuai.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Answers for this exercise can be found on page</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">130 .</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What are the group of American visitors visiting? (Why do they make a visit to this place?)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. This representative says that the commune was established in 1958. Throughout the years it has achieved a certain status. What does he say the commune is now?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. What is the population of the commune?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">U. What occurred before Liberation that no longer occurs now in the commune?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. What do the Americans learn about commune organization?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. How does present day commune production compare with production before Liberation?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After answering these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 12h . You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Did the American grow up on the farm? If not, how does he know about the farm situation?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. What sort of farm did the American work on? Was it a small farm? Did the farm produce only one product? If not, can you name the products they grew on the farm?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. How many workers were on the farm? Were these people hired?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. How large is the farm?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Were the vegetables the farm produced sold or did the farm members eat them all?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. In America are there problems in agricultural development?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions yourself, look at the translation for the conversation on page 126 , then listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class. '</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. How large is the commune?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Why couldn’t the commune members grow things before on the commune?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Does all the land belong to the commune or are there also private plots of land.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. What does the call ’a pig for every person’ mean and who issued it?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Do the children on the commune all go to school? Is there only one school? Who attends classes?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After answering these questions, look at the translation for the dialogue and listen to it once again to help you prepare your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and. Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wo xiān jièshào yixia. Women gōngshè jiào Eongqí Rénmín Gōngshè. Wo shi Wang Jiànguo. Jīntian you Měiguo péngyou lai women gōngshè cānguān, women hěn huānyíng, xīwang nīmen xiang kànde dōu néng kàndao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">FJ Xièxie. Women hěn gāoxìng Jin:ian you jīhui lái nīmen gōngshè cānguān. Women xīwang liáojie nīmen gōngshè shi zěnme zǔzhíde. Yě xīwang liáojie nīmende shēngchǎn qíngkuàng hé </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shèyuānd</span><span class="font5">e </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shènghuo</span><span class="font5"> qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I will first make some brief introductory comments. Our commune is called the Red Flag People’s Commune. I’m Wang Jianguo. We welcome our American friends who have come to visit our commune today, and hope that you will be able to see everything you would like to see.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Thank you. We’re very happy to have the chance to come to your commune to visit today. We hope to understand how your commune is organized, and we also hope to understand your production situation and the way the commune personnel live.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hàb. Wǒ jiù jièshào yixia. Women gōngshè shi YÍjiǔwǔbānián chénglìde. Xiànzài shi yíge ’Nongyè Xué Dàzhài’de xiānjin dānwèi. Quán she rénkǒu yígòng yǒu sānwàhbāqiānqībǎiliùshijiǔge rén. Gōngshède zǔzhi fen sānjí. Gōngshè xiàtou you wǔge shēngchǎn dàduì. Wǔge shēngchǎn dàduì xiàtou yǒu liùshige shēngchǎnduì. Women gōngshè zhǔyào shi shēngchǎn liángshi. Keshi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fùyè</span><span class="font5"> shēngchǎn yě bù shǎo. Wǒmen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǎng</span><span class="font5"> niú, yǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yang</span><span class="font5">, yǎng zhū, yǎng jī. Women hái </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhòngl</span><span class="font5">e hěn duō shuǐguǒ. Women hái yǒu yíge huàféichǎng, he yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">miànfěn</span><span class="font5">chǎng. Jiěfàng yīqián wǒmen zhèige dìfang xià yǔ duōde shíhou jiù fāshēng shuīzāi, bù xià yǔde shíhou jiù yǒu hànzāi, zhī néng *kào tiān chī fan*. Jiěfàng yīhòu Gòngchǎndǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">līngdǎo </span><span class="font5">wǒmen xiūjiànle shuīku. Xiànzài hěn shǎo fāshēng shuīzaī hé hànzāi le. Xiànzài you yǒule huàféichǎng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">All right. I’ll tell you a little about it. Our commune was established in 1958. Now it is an advanced unit which ’In Agriculture Learns from Tachai’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The population of the whole commune is 38,769 people altogether. The commune is organized into three levels. Under the commune are five production brigades. Under the five production brigades are sixty production teams. Our commune mainly produces grain, but we have quite a bit of side-line production too. We raise cows, sheep, pigs and chickens, we also have planted a lot of fruit. We also have a chemical fertilizer plant and a flour factory. Before Liberatioi when it rained alot in this area floods would occur, when it didn’t rain there were droughts and we could only ’depend on Heaven for food*. After Liberation, the Communist Party led us in building a reservoir. Now flood and droughts hardly ever happen anymore. Moreover, now we have the chemical fertilizer plant.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Womende liángshi shěngchan yinián bi yínián duo. Qùniān píngjūn měi gōngqíng tǔdì shěngchan qíqiānduō gōngjín, děngyu Jiěfàng qiánde qíbèi. ...Hao, wo jiù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiǎndānd</span><span class="font5">e jièshào dào zhèli. Děng nímen cānguān yíhòu, you shenme wènti hái kéyi tíchu-lai. Women zài tantan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our grain production is greater and greater every year. Last year, on the average, every hectare of land produced over seven thousand kilos, or seven times the production before Liberation. ...All right, I’ll end my simple introduction here. After you have visited, if you have any questions you can still bring them up. We’ll talk some more.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Hǎo, hǎo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Nàme xiànzài jiù qù kànkan ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Then let’s go have a look now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue .and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Nī cānguānle wǒmende gōngshè,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liáojiele women </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nongcǔnd</span><span class="font5">e qíngkuàng, women keyi bu keyi wènwen ni Měiguo nongcǔnde qíngkuàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hǎo, women tǎntan. Wō suīrán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bú shi zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nōngchǎng zhǎng-</span><span class="font5">dàde, kěshi zài yíge nōng-chǎngshang gōngzùoguo. Wo zhīdao yixiē Měiguo nōng-, chǎngde qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Nī gōngzuòguode nongchǎng shi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shénme yàngde nongchǎng a? Nèige nongchǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhōng</span><span class="font5"> shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Něige nongchǎng zhǔyào shi shēng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chǎn liangshi. Tāmen zhōng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">màizi</span><span class="font5"> hé </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">vùmī</span><span class="font5">. shénmede. Lìngwài hái zhōng shūcài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Nèige nongchǎng y8u duō_ dà?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Dàgài you èrshibā gongqing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Měi gōngqing shēngchǎn duō-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shao liangshi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Měi gōngqing shēngchǎn yìqiān-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sìbǎi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngshēng</span><span class="font5"> màizi, měi gōngqing shēngchǎn sìqiānsān-bǎiqīshiwǔ gōngshēng yùmi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Nongchǎngshang you duōshao</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōngzuō rényuǎn?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Nèige nōngchǎng shi yíge jiātíngde nōngchǎng. Zài Měiguo hěn duō nōngchǎng dōu shi zhèiyangde. Yìjiā rén dōu zài nōngchǎng gōngzuō. Wǒ gōngzuòguode nèige nōngchǎng you fǔqin<sub>A</sub> mǔqin, bǎge erzi hé nǔér. Tāmen dou zài nōng-chSng gōngzuō. Dào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nóng mángde </span><span class="font5">shíhou, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qīnqi</span><span class="font5"> lai </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bangmáng</span><span class="font5">. Yǒu shíhou yě gù yìliǎngge rén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Now that you have visited our commune and understand the situation of our farm village, may we ask you about the situatior of American farm villages?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Okay, let’s talk about that. Although I didn’t grow up on a farm, I have worked on a farm. I know a little about the situation on American farms.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What kind of farm was the one that you worked on? What did they grow there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They mainly produced grain.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They grew wheat and corn and so forth. In addition they also grew vegetables.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How big was the farm?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was about 28 hectares.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much grain did each hectare produce?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Each hectare produced lUoO liters of wheat, and U,375 liters of com.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many workers were there on the farm?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was a family farm. In America a lot of farms are like that. The whole family works on the farm. The farm I worked on had a father, a mother, and eight sons and daughters. They </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">al</span><span class="font5"> 1 worked on the farm. When the busy season came, their relatives would come and help. Sometimes they would hire one or two people, too.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Shěngchan dōu jīxièhuà le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shìde. Women yòng hěn duō jīqi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nī shuōle nīmen yě zhòng shūcài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shi wèi zìjī chī háìshi wèi mài?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhuyào shi wèi zìjī chī. Duō-chulaide jiù mài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nīmen nōngchǎng yě </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yang</span><span class="font5"> niú, yang zhù, yang, jī shenmede ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Duì. Women yang </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nainiu</span><span class="font5"> . Women yě yang jī, shěngchan jīdàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nīmen you shuīzai, hànzāide wènti ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Dāngrán women hái you shuīzai, hànzāide wènti, kěshi méiyou shenme dà wènti. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zōngde lái shuō,</span><span class="font5"> Měiguo hěn duō dìfang qìhou hěn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìhé</span><span class="font5"> nōngyè. Keyi shuō nōngyè hěn fādá.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Měiguo nōngyè rénkou you duōshao?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women nōngyè rénkōu zhī </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàn </span><span class="font5">quánguō rénkǒude baifěn zhī si, kěshi shěngchǎnchulaide liángshi sānfěn zhī vī jiù gòu quán guō rén chī le. Hái you sānfěn zhī èr kéyi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chùkōu</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">E. Hen hǎo. WŌ xiǎng zài nōngyè fāngmiàn women you hěn duō dìfang kéyi xiàng nīmen xuéxí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Bu yào kèqi. Women yě you hěn duō dìfang kéyi xiàng nīmen xuéxí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Was the production all mechanized?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. We used a lot of machines.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You said that you also grew vegetables, Was it for yourselves'to eat or was it to sell?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It was mainly for ourselves to eat. Any surplus we would sell.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Did you also raise cows, pigs, chickens, and so on?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. We raised dairy cows. We also raised chickens and produced eggs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Did you have problems of flooding and drought?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Of course we still had flooding and drought problems, but there wasn’t any large problem. Generally speaking a lot of places in America have climates suitable to agriculture. One can say that agriculture is very developed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What is the agricultural population . of the United States?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our agricultural population only makes up four percent of the population of the whole country, but one-third of the grain produced is enough to feed the whole country and there is still two-thirds which can be exported.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ah. Very good. I think we have a lot to learn from you in the area of agriculture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Thank you. We also have a lot we can learn from you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Nimen gōngshè miànji duo dà?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tǔrǎng hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Women gōngshè miànji yígòng bāshiwǔ píngfāng gōnglí. Jiefàng yīqiān turǎng hen bù hǎo. Jiěfàng yíhòu Gong-chandǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">língdǎo</span><span class="font5"> women </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎiliàng</span><span class="font5"> tǔrǎng. Xiànzài women keyi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhong</span><span class="font5"> hěn duō yīqiǎn bù néng zhòngde dōngxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Tīngshuō nimen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shèyuǎn</span><span class="font5"> xiànzài hai yǒu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zìliúdì.</span><span class="font5"> Shèyuǎn zài zìliǔdìshang zhong xiē shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Zhǔyào zhòngde shi shūcài. Yě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhong xiè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dòuzi</span><span class="font5">. Ruguo zìjí chíbuwǎn kéyi mài. Buguò xianzài Gongchǎndǎng hàozhào ’yì rén yì zhū’• Shèyuǎn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǎng</span><span class="font5"> zhū yě yào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhong</span><span class="font5"> vìxiē zhū chide dōngxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Guānyu jiàpyu fāngmiànde qíng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kuàng zěnmeyàng? Hǎizimen dōu shàng xué ma? Cong duo dà kāishī shàng xué?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hǎizimen cong liùsuì kāishí shàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xué. Nǎn hǎizi, nù hǎizi dōu shàng xué. Women gōngshè yígòng you shíbāge xiǎoxué, wǔge zhōng-xué. Women jìhua zài wǔniǎn zhī nèi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">pǔjí</span><span class="font5"> zhōngxué jiàoyu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How large is your commune? Is the soil good?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Altogether our commune is 85 square kilometers in area. Before Liberation the soil was very bad. After Liberation the Communist Party led us in improving the soil. Now we can grow many things which we couldn’t grow before.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I hear that your commune members also have private plots of land now. What do the commune members grow on the private plots of land?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They grow mainly vegetables. They also grow beans. If they can’t eat everything themselves, they can sell some. But now the Communist Party has issued the call ’a pig for every person*. If the commune members raise pigs, then they must also grow food for the pigs to eat.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What’s the situation like in the area of education? Do the children all go to school? At what age do they begin school?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The children begin school at the age of six. Both boys and girls go to school. Altogether our commune has eighteen elementary schools and five middle schools We plan to make middle school education available to all in five years.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Wo zhīdao yǐqián nǐmen jiàoyu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bù pǔjí. Xiànzài yǒule zhènme duō xuěxiào. Nǐmen zuòle hěn duō shi. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chengji</span><span class="font5"> hěn dà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Women zuòle yixiē shi. Kěshi zuòde hái bú gòu, tèbié shi zài nōngyè jīxièhuà fāng-miàn. Women xūyào zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">null</span><span class="font5">, yídìng yào bǎ wǒmende gōngshè jiànshècheng yíge gèng haode gōngshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I know that before, your education was not available to all. Now there are so many schools. You have done a lot. Your achievements are great.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We have done a few things. But we still haven<sup>:</sup>t done enough, especially in the area of agricultural mechanization. We need to do some more hard work and definitely build our commune into an even better commune.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Wo xiSng nǐmen yídìng hěn kuài jiù kéyi zuòdào le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m sure you’ll be able to do it very soon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Answers for Exercise 5</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. 10</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. 2</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. 10</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">u</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. 600</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. 6</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. 1</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. h</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">9- 8</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 6, Reference List</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Zhèrde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shèyuǎn</span><span class="font5"> shēngle bìng, zěnme ban?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Zhèige gōngshè you yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishěngyuàn</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. B: Meige shēngchǎn dàduì you yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishěngsuō</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. B: Meige shēngchǎnduì you yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishēngshì</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. B: Zai wèishēngshìli you </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chì.1 iǎo</span><span class="font5"> yísheng gěi shèyuǎn kàn hìng.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tīngshuō Jiěfàng yīhòu, nīmen jīngguole hěn duō cìde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùndōng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shouxian</span><span class="font5"> shi Yījiǔsìjiǔ-nián dào Yījiǔwǔyīniánde Tǔdì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gǎigě</span><span class="font5"> Yùndōng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Jiěfàng yīqián hěn duō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nongmín</span><span class="font5"> méiyou tǔdì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h2><a name="bookmark63"></a><span class="font1"><a name="bookmark64"></a>T.</span></h2>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāmen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǔzhōng dìzhǔ</span><span class="font5">de tǔdì, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shŌudao</span><span class="font5"> dìzhǔde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bōxuē </span><span class="font5">he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yapō</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What do you do when a member of the commune gets sick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This commune has a hospital.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Each production brigade has a health clinic.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Each production team has a health room.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In the health room there is a ’barefoot doctor’ who examines and treats commune personnel.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ve heard that after the Liberation, you went through many different movements.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">First was the Land Reform Movement from 19^9 to 1951.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Before the Liberation, many farmers had no land.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They rented the landlord’s land to farm, and suffered the exploitation and oppression of the landlords.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: Jiěfàng yíhou, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìnxíngl</span><span class="font5">e Tǔdì Gaigé Yùndong, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎomièle</span><span class="font5"> dìzhǔde bōxuē he yāpò.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: NÍmen shi zenme xiaomiè dìzhǔde bōxuē he yāpòde?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhengfǔ</span><span class="font5"> bǎ dìzhǔde dì dou </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mòshōul</span><span class="font5">e, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fěngei</span><span class="font5"> nóngmín.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">IO. A: Dào Yì^iǔwǔyǐnián shi bu shi zài. quàn guo dou jìnxíngle Tǔdì Gaige Yùndong?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Dao Yǐjiǔwǔyīnián chúle </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xízàng</span><span class="font5"> yíwài, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jíbenshang </span><span class="font5">dou jinxíngle Tǔdì Gaigé Yùndùng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Yījiǔwǔyinián yíhou hái you shénme yùndong?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yījiǔwǔsānnián women kāishi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gao</span><span class="font5"> Nóngyè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hézuohuà </span><span class="font5">Yùndong.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">12. A: Shénme shi Nongyè Hezuohuà Yùndong?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Jiù shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hàozháo </span><span class="font5">nóngmín zuzhiqilai fā</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǎn</span><span class="font5"> shēngchǎn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">13. B: Neige shíhou you le </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hùzhùzǔ</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">1U. B: Bu jiǔ yíhous you fāzhǎnoheng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chūji </span><span class="font5">nóngyè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hézuò</span><span class="font5">s</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">he</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After the Liberation, the Land Reform Movement was carried out, and the landlords’ exploitation and oppression were wiped out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How did you do away with the landlords’ exploitation and oppression?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The government confiscated the landlords’ land and divided it among the farmers•</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Was the Land Reform Movement carried out completely throughout the whole country by 1951?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">By 1951, except for Tibet, the Land Reform Movement had been basically carried out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After 1951 what other movements were there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1953 we began the Agricultural Cooper-ativization Movement;</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What was the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It summoned the farmers to organize together to develop production.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time there were mutual aid teams.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Not long after that they developed into elementary agricultural cooperatives.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">15. B: Dao Yījiǔwǔliùnián yòu fazhǎncheng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàojí </span><span class="font5">nongyè hézuòshè.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">16. A: Chūjí nongyè hézuòshè hé gāojí nongyè hézuòshè zhǔyàode </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qubié</span><span class="font5"> zài nar?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Chūjí nongyè hézuòshède shíhou, tǔdì yě </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fěnhéng</span><span class="font5">. Gāojí nongyèshè tudì bù fēnhong.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">17. B: Duō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">láo</span><span class="font5"> duō dé.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">18. B: Zhèiyang jiù gèng néng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāhuī</span><span class="font5"> nōngmínde shēngchSn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jījíxìng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">By 1956 they developed again, into advanced agricultural cooperatives.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">What is the main difference between elementary agricultural cooperatives and advanced agricultural cooperatives?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">When there were elementary agricultural cooperatives, the profit from the land was distributed. For advanced agricultural cooperatives, the profits from the land were not distributed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">The more you work the more you get.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">In this wayj they were able to stimulate development of the people's enthusiasm for production even more.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">19• zhòng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">- (Not on tape) -</span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">to plant, to grow</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">bōxuē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to exploit* exploitation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chij xSo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chijiao yīsheng chūjí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">barefoot, to go barefoot 'barefoot doctor'</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">beginning stage, elementary level</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">de dizhǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to get, to obtain landlord</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāhuì fāzhǎn fēngei fēnhóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to cause to develop, to stimulate to develop, to grow, to expand to give a share to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to distribute profits</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gǎigé gSo gāojí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to reform; reform to do</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">advanced stage, high level</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">hàozhào hézuòhuà hézuòshè hùzhùzǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to summon, to call to duty to put into cooperatives</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a cooperative</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">mutual aid team/group</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jīhenshang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">fundamentally, mainly, basically</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jījíxìng jinxing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">enthusiasm, initiative to carry out, to do</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">láo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to labor</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">mòshou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to confiscate</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">nóngmín</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nongyè Hézuòhuà Yùndòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">farmer, peasant</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Agricultural Cooperativization Movement</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">qūbié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">difference</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shèyuán shòudao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">commune personnel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to undergo, to be the object of to suffer</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shòuxiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">first, at first</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">Tudì GSigé Yùndòng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Land Reform Movement</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">wèishēngshì wèishěngsuo wèishěngyuàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">health room health clinic hospital</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiāomiè Xīzàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to destroy, to wipe out. to uproot Tibet</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yāpò yùndòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to oppress; oppression movement</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhèngfǔ zhong zūzhòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">government</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to plant, to crow</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to rent for farming</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 6, Reference Notes</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Zhèrde shèyuǎn shěngle hìng, zěnme ban?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Zhèige gōngshè you yíge wèishěngyuàn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What do you do when a member of the commune gets sick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This commune has a hospital.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shèyuǎn</span><span class="font5">: ’commune member, commune personnel’ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shèyuǎn</span><span class="font5"> refers to not only the working commune members, but also children, older people, and any other non-working family members.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishěngyuàn</span><span class="font5">: ’hospital' You've also seen another word for hospital, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yiyuàn</span><span class="font5">. In the PRC both words are used. A hospital which is called </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīyuàn</span><span class="font5"> is funded totally by government money. A hospital which is called </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishěngyuàn</span><span class="font5"> is funded for the most part (perhaps 2/3) by money other than from the government. A </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishěngyuàn</span><span class="font5"> is equivalent to a small </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yiyuàn</span><span class="font5">. Usually a </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishěngyuàn</span><span class="font5"> is found on a commune, but some factories may also have them.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">2. B: Meige shēngchǎn dàduì you yíge wèishěngsuo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Each production brigade has a clinic.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No.2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishěngsuo</span><span class="font5">: ’health clinic' A health clinic has a staff of three or four people. It has emergency care facilities. It will have a few beds where people stay temporarily before being moved to the </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishěngyuàn</span><span class="font5">. Health clinics are almost totally supported by commune money.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">3. B: Meige shēngchǎnduì you yíge wèishēngshì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Each production team has a health room.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishēngshì</span><span class="font5">: 'health room' This is simply a room where the 'barefoot doctor' can administer medicines and give other first-aid treatment.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">U. B: Zài wèishēngshìli you chìjiǎó yīsheng gěi shèyuán kàn bìng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In the health room there is a 'barefoot doctor' who examines and treats commune personnel.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chijiao yīsheng</span><span class="font5">: 'barefoot doctor' The plan for 'barefoot</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">doctors' came about during the Cultural Revolution. The idea was to make medical services more available in rural areas with a minimum of expense and formality. Many of the 'barefoot doctors* have only a primary school education, some of them have attended only antiilliteracy classes, and others are high school graduates sent from the cities. All of them receive between two and four months of training in the commune's </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishēngyuàn</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">'Barefoot doctors' have a limited training in Western medical practices. They make much greater use of Chinese traditional medicines and medical practices, and of acupuncture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The 'barefoot doctors’ attached to each commune's production teams are not relieved from doing actual productive work. They take their first-aid kits out into the fields with them to labor.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: Tīngshuō Jiěfàng yīhòu, nīmen jīngguole hěn duō cìde yùndòng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shouxiān shi Yījiǔsìjiǔ-nian dào Yījiǔwǔyīniánde Tǔdì Gǎigě Yùndòng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I've heard that after the Liberation, you went through many different movements.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">First was the Land Reform Movement from 19^9 to 1951.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shouxiān</span><span class="font5">: 'at first, first of all' </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shouxiān</span><span class="font5"> is an adverb and <sup>; </sup>is found in two places in the sentence, either before or after the subject.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Shouxiān women yào tāntan nīde cānguān fǎngwèn jìhua.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Dào Zhōngguo nánbù qùde shíhou, women shouxiān yào ānpai yixia nī yào fǎngwènde dìqū.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">First let's talk about your plans for touring and visiting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When we go to southern China, we first of all want to arrange what regions you’d like to visit.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">6. B: Jiěfàng yíqián hěn duō nongmín méiyōu tǔdì.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Before Liberation, many farmers had no land.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nongmín</span><span class="font5">: ’farmer, peasant' This word can be used to refer to all farmers in China, but when referring to American farmers, the term </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nōngyě gōngren</span><span class="font5"> is preferred. The use of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nongmín</span><span class="font5"> implies that the farmer does not own the land he works and that he works it under rather simple conditions.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">7. B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāmen zūzhòng dìzhǔde tǔdì, shòudao dìzhǔde bōxuē he yāpò.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">They rented the landlords' land to farm, and suffered the exploitation and oppression of the landlords.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zūzhòng</span><span class="font5">: 'to rent for farming' This compound verb (zū 'to rent’ plus </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhòng</span><span class="font5"> 'to grow') is a fairly new addition to the language. It is used often in language which has an official flavor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shòudao</span><span class="font5">: 'to undergo, to be the object of, to suffer’ (Not to be confused with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shoudao</span><span class="font5">, 'to receive', as in 'to receive a letter'.) The verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shòudao</span><span class="font5"> is often used to tell of the subject's undergoing some unpleasant experience, but is sometimes used for neutral or pleasant experiences. It often translates nicely into an English passive.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Yídàc Běitcu Shēngchǎn Bàduì, women jiù shòudaole tāmende huānyíng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Fāshēngle wentí yíhou zhèijíge rén shòudao zhèngfǔde cóùlí.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">We were welcomed by the Feit'ou Production Brigade as soon as we arrived there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After problems arose, these people were dealt with by the government.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shòudao</span><span class="font5"> is a compound verb made of the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shòu</span><span class="font5">, 'to undergo, to be the object of, to receive' and the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font5">, 'to arrive’. You've seen the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font5"> occur before the main verb (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā dào wèish.ēngsuǒ qù le.</span><span class="font5">) and also as the main verb (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā s</span><span class="font5">hi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuotian dàode</span><span class="font5">,), and now you see it join up with another verb to form a compound. When dào is used as part of a compound verb, <sup>one</sup> ^he meanings it can have is 'to, up to'. Here are some examples.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">*to, up to*</span><span class="font5"> (used after action verbs)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒmen zuǒtian niàndao nǎr le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Bǎ. zhuōzi bāndao zhèr, jiù xíng le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒ tīngdao tāde shēngyin le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒ zài jīntiande bàoshang kàndaole.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women yìzhí tāndào bànyè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Where did we read up to yesterday?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Move the table over here and then it will be all right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I heard her voice.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I saw it in today’s paper.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">We talked all the way to</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">midnight.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: Jiefàng yǐhòu, jìnxíngle Tǔdì Gǎigé Yundong, xiāomièle dìzhǔde bōxuē he yāpò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Nimen shi zěnme xiāomiè dìzhǔde bōxuē hé yāpòde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Zhèngfǔ bǎ dìzhǔde dì dōu moshōule, fēngei nǒngmín.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">After Liberation, the Land Reform Movement was carried out, and the landlords’ exploitation and oppression were wiped out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How did you do away with the landlords’ oppression and exploitation?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The government confiscated the landlords’ land and divided it among the farmers.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēngei</span><span class="font5">: ’to give a share to’ This is the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font5">, ’to divide’ plus the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font5">, ’to give’. You have already seen the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font5"> used as a full verb (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā bǎ shǔ gěi mèimei le</span><span class="font5">, ’He gave the book to little sister’) and as a prepositional verb (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐng ni gěi wo xiě tāde dìzhī</span><span class="font5">, 'Please write his address for me’). Here you see </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font5"> used with the main verb to form a compound. Here are some more examples of compound verbs with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèiběn shǔ, wǒ sònggei ni. I’m giving you this book.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā bǎ tāde fǎngzi zūgei To whom did he rent his house?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shéi le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-gei</span><span class="font5"> is used in compound verbs as above, the indirect objects (the people who are the receivers of the action) must follow the verb directly. The direct objects (those things being given, rented, or divided) usually come before the verb, eithej* using the prepositional</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā</span><span class="font5"> or placed in front of the subject.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: Dào Yījiǔwǔyīnián shi bu shi zài quán guó dōu jìnxíngle Tǔdì Gaigé Yùndòng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Dào Yījiǔwǔyīnián chǔle Xīzàng yǐwài, jībenshang dōu jìnxíngle Tǔdì Gaigé Yùndòng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Was the Land Reform Movement carried out completely throughout the whole country by 1951?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">By 1951, except for Tibet, the Land Reform Movement had been basically carried out.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 10</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chǔle .♦. yǐwài</span><span class="font5">: As you may remember, this pattern is used to express the idea of ’except for ...’, ’besides ...’, or ’aside from ...’. Which translation is used may depend on what adverb is used in the second part of the sentence. With </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yě you</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hái you</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lìngwài hái you</span><span class="font5">, the translation is ’beside ...’, ’in addition to ...*. With </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiù</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu, </span><span class="font5">or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">meiyou</span><span class="font5">, the translation is ’except for ...’, ’aside from ...*.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Chǔle qù women jiā yǐwài, yě kéyi dào tāmen jiā qu zuòzuo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chǔle zhōngxué yǐwài, hái you xiǎoxue he yòuéryuán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chǔle Zhōngwén shū yǐwài, you xiē biéde shù wō yě yào kàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chǔle zhèige huàféichǎng yǐwài, lìngwài hái you jǐge xiǎo chang shěngchan nóngyào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chǔle tā yǐwài, jiù méiyou shenme biéde péngyou le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chǔ.1 e Lao Dà shi nágháizi yǐwài, dōu shi nǔháizi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chǔle Běijīng hé Guangzhou yǐwài, biéde dìfang dōu méiyou zhènme duō wàiguo rén.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Besides going to our place* we can also go to theirs to visit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In addition to middle school, there are also primary school and kindergarten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Besides Chinese books, there are also a few other books I want to read.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In addition to this fertilizer factory, there are also a few other small factories which produce insecticides.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Aside from her, I don’t have any friends to speak of.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Except for the oldest one, all the children are girls.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Except for Peking and Canton, no place has so many foreigners.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Yījiǔwǔyínián yíhou hái yǒu shenme yùndong?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yījiǔwǔsānnián women kāishi gǎo Nongyè Hézuòhuà Yùndong.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">After 1951 what other movements were there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1953 we began the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nongyè Hézuòhua Yùndong</span><span class="font5">: ’Agricultural Cooperativization Movement’ This was a major step on the way to forming the people’s communes in China. After the Land Reform Movement of 1950 had distributed the land to the peasants, the next step was to begin the coordination of their efforts in production. They did this in 1951 by forming mutual aid teams, also called work exchange teams. The peasants still owned their own land, plows, and livestock, but they pooled their manpower and other resources to get the work done.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1953 elementary agricultural cooperatives were organized by merging several mutual aid teams tohether. The land, tools and livestock became the property of the cooperative, but the profits from the land were distributed, not retained by the commune for investment. In 1956 when advanced agricultural cooperatives were established, the distribution of profits was abolished.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1958 the last step to communize China was taken. The people’s communes were formed by the merging of several advanced agricultural ’cooperatives. What was formerly an advanced agricultural cooperative became a production brigade. The original plan for communization had •called for completion in 19^7. Since no major problems were encountered, the plan was completed nine years ahead of time.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">12. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Shénme shi Nongyè Hézuòhua Yùndong?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Jiù shi hàozhào nongmín zǔzhiqilai fāzhǎn shengchǎn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What was the Agricultural Cooperat ivi z at ion Movement ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It summoned the farmers to organize together to develop production.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 12</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hàozhào</span><span class="font5">: ’to summon, to call to duty’ You may also hear </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hàozhào</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāzhǎn</span><span class="font5">: ’to develop’ In Unit 3, you saw the adjectival verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fādá</span><span class="font5">, ’to be developed’. Now you see the action verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāzhǎn</span><span class="font5">, ’to develop’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige dìqūde gōngyè hěn fādá. The industry in this region is very well developed.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Shànghǎi shi gōngyè fāzhǎn zuì zǎode yíge dìqū.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Shanghai is one of the areas in which industry developed the earliest.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">13. B: Neige shíhou you le hùzhùzǔ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1U. B: Bù jiǔ yǐhòu, you fāzhǎncheng chūjí nōngyè hézuòshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">15. B: Dào Yījiǔwǔliùniǎn yòu < fāzhǎncheng gāojí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nōngyè hezuòshè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time there were mutual aid teams.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Not long after that they developed into elementary agricultural cooperatives.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">By 1956 they again developed into advanced agricultural cooperatives.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1U and 15</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāzhǎncheng</span><span class="font5">: ’to develop into’. Here you see the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéng</span><span class="font5">, 'to become' used to form a compound verb. You've seen this before in the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liancheng</span><span class="font5">, 'to connect into’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font5">: 'again' While the use of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font5"> is appropriate in the Chinese because the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāzhǎn</span><span class="font5"> is used again, the use of 'again' in the English is not, in fact, correct. A more helpful translation for this might be 'By 1956 they had" developed some more, this time into advanced agricultural cooperatives'.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yòu</span><span class="font5"> Can even be used in situations where two different actions are talked about. In this case, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font5"> shows that the one action followed the other. Here, it may be translated as 'then'.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā shàngqu le, yòu xiàlai le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">She went up and then came down.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">16. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Chūjí nōngyè hézuòshè he gāojí nōngyè hézuòshè zhǔyàode qūbié zài nǎr?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Chūjí nōngyè hézuòshède shíhou, tǔdì yě fēnhōng. Gāojí nōngyèshè tǔdì bù fēnhōng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What is the main difference between elementary agricultural cooperatives and advanced agricultural cooperatives?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When there were elementary agricultural cooperatives, the profit from the land was distributed. For advanced agricultural cooperatives, the profits from the land were not distributed.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 16</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In the question above, notice the difference in word order between the Chinese and the English. Here is another example.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I Zhèiběn shū he nèiběn^shūde^l qūbié zài nǎr? I</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I What is the difference I between that book and this book?!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Chinese question may also be asked another way.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I Zhèiběn shū hěnèiběn shū I y5u shénme qūbié? I</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I What is the difference I between that book and this book? I</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">17. B: Duō lǎo duō de. The more you work the more you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">get.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 17</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This is a set phrase in literary style. Another set phrase with the same pattern which was a political slogan in imperial days is:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Duō zuò duō cuò, shǎo zuò The more you do, the more your</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shǎo cuò, bú zuò bú cuò. ' mistakes; the less you do, the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fewer your mistakes; if you do nothing, you don’t make mistakes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">If you want to express the idea of 'the more ... the more ...*, use the pattern </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yue ... yuè ...</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Zuòde yuè duō jiù nade yuè duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">18. B: Zhèiyang jiù gèng néng fǎhuī nōngmínde shengchan jijíxìng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">The more you do, the more you receive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this way, they were able to stimulate development of the people’s enthusiasm for production even more.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 18</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāhuī</span><span class="font5">: ’to cause to develop, to stimulate the development (of something)’ Although you will sometimes see both </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāhuī</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāzhǎn </span><span class="font5">translated as ’develop’, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāhuī</span><span class="font5"> has the more specialized meaning ’to develop a skill or quality’. Also, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāzhǎn</span><span class="font5"> can mean ’something develops’ or ’to develop something', while </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāhuī</span><span class="font5"> can only be used in this second way.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèiyang Jiù gèng néng fāhuī nongmínde shēngchǎn jījíxìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jīnnian shi gōngnongyè shēngchǎn quǎn miàn fāzhǎnde yìniǎn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In this way they developed the people's enthusiasm for production even more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This year is a year in which industrial and agricultural production developed in all areas.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wèile fāzhǎn shēngchǎn tāmen měitiān dōu duō zuò liǎngge zhōngtoude shi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In order to develop production, they all work two extra hours each day.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h2><a name="bookmark65"></a><span class="font1"><a name="bookmark66"></a>19-</span></h2>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">zhōng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">to plant, to grow</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 6, Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Xièxie ni gěi wo jièshào nǐmen gōngshède qíngkuàng. Wō yōu jige wèntí kéyi bu keyi wèn ni?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Kéyi, kéyi. Wèn shénme dōu huānyíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Wō hái xiǎng zhídaode shi shèyuán shēngle hìng zěnme ban?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Women gōngshè you yíge weishēngyuàn. Meige shēngchǎn dàduì you yíge wèishēngsuō. Meige shēngchǎnduì yǒu yíge wèishēngshì. Zài wèi-shēngshìli yōu chìjiāo yīsheng gěi shèyuán kàn bìng. Měi rén měi-nián gěi yíkuài qián jiù xíng le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Tíngshuō Jiěfàng yīhòu, zài zǔzhi rénmín gōngshè yīqián, nīmen jíng-guole hěn duō cìde yùnddng. Nī néng bu neng gàosu wo yixia shi yìxiē shénme yùnddng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Háo. Shōuxiān shi 19^9 nián dào 1951 niánde Tǔdì Gaigé Yùnddng. Jiěfàng yīqián hěn duō nongmín méiyōu tǔdì. Tāmen zūzhòng dìzhǔde dì, shòudao dìzhǔde bōxuē hé yāpò. Jiěfàng yīhòu jìnxíngle Tǔdì Gaigé Yùndong, xiāomiè le dìzhǔde bōxuē hé yāpò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Thank you for introducing me to the situation in your commune.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I have a few questions, may I ask them?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, yes. We welcome any questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What I would also like to know is what do you do when someone in the commune gets sick?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our commune has a hospital. Each production brigade has a clinic. Each production team has a health room. In the health room there is a ’barefoot doctor’ who examines and treats the commune personnel. Each person Just has to pay one dollar a year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I've heard that after Liberation, before the people’s communes were organized, you went through many different movements. Could you tell me a little about what these movements were?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sure. First was the Land Reform Movement from 19^9 to 1951-Before Liberation many farmers had no land. They rented the landlord’s land to farm, and then suffered the landlords’ exploitation and oppression. After the Liberation, the Land Reform Movement was carried out, and the landlords' ejiploitation and oppression were wiped out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Nīmen shi zěnme xiāomiè dìzhǔde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bōxuē hé yāpòde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How did you destroy the landlords’ exploitation and oppression?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Zhèngfǔ bā dìzhǔde dì dōu mòshōule, fēngei nóngmín. Zhèiyàng dìzhǔ jiù bù néng bōxuē he yāpc nóngmín le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The government confiscated the landlords’ land and divided it among the farmers. In this way the landlords could not exploit and oppress the farmers any more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Dào 1951 nián shi hu shi zài quán guó dōu jinxing le Tǔdì Gǎigé Yùndōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Shìde, dào 1951 nián chúle Xízàng yìwài, jibenshang dōu jinxíngle Tǔdi Gāigè Yùndōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: 1951 nián yíhōu hái yǒu shénme yùndōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: 1953 nián women kāishí’ gao Nongyè Hézuōhuà Yùndōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Shénme shi Nōngyè Hézuōhuà Yùndōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Jiù shi hàozhào nōngmín zǔzhiqilai fāzhǎn shēngchǎn. Nèige shíhou yǒu le hùzhùzǔ. Bù jiǔ yíhōu, yōu fāzhǎncheng chūjí nōngyè hézuòshè. Dào 1956 nián yōu fāzhǎncheng gāojí nōngyè hézuòshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Chūji nōngyè hézuòshè hé gāojí nōngyè hézuòshè zhǔyàode qūbié zài nǎr?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chūjí nōngyè hézuòshède shíhou, tǔdì yě fēnhōng. Gāojí nōngyè-shè tǔdì bù fēnhōng. Duō láo duō dé. Zhèiyàng jiù gèng néng fāhuí nōngmínde shēngchǎn jijíxìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Ou, zhèiyàng wǒ dong le. Hěn hǎo, hěn hǎo. Wǒ xiǎng wǒ yǐjing wènle hěn duō le. Shíjian bù zǎo le. Wǒ xiǎng wě yě děi zǒu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Was the Land Reform Movement carried out completely throughout the whole country by 1951?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, by 1951» except for Tibet, the Land Reform Movement had been basically carried out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After 1951 what other movements were there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1953 we began the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What was the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">E summoned the peasants to organize together to develop production. At that time there were mutual aid teams. Not long after that they developed into elementary agricultural cooperatives. By 1956 they again developed into advanced agricultural cooperatives.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What was the main difference between elementary agricultural cooperatives and advanced agricultural cooperatives?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">When there were elementary agricultural cooperatives, the profit from the land was distributed. For advanced agricultural cooperatives, the profits from the land were not distributed. The more you worked, the more you got. In this way they were able to stimulate development of the people’s enthusiasm for production even more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Oh, now I understand. Well, well, I think I’ve already asked a lot. It’s getting late. I think I should be going. Thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 6, Tape 2 Workbook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. The second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">You may</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">All sentences want to rewind the</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">from the reference list will occur only once, tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise contains a talk by a commune production brigade representative to a group of American visitors in which she gives them information about the brigade, Land Reform, and the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The presentation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you might want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on page 1U9 as you listen to it a second time.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words conversation:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">and phrases you will need to understand this</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">mu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">a Chinese mou, roughly equal to 1/6 of an acre</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to undergo, to be the object of, to receive</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shēnghuo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">life</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be bitter, painful</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">lǐngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to lead</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">hébìngcheng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to merge into</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Mao Zhǔxí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Chairman Mao</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Datong Renmín Gōngshè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">the name of a commune</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to become</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Běitōu Shengchan Dàduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">the name of a production brigade</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zongde lái shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">on the whole</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéngji</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">achievements</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">nǔlì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">biàncheng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">to be industrious</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to change into</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise an elderly Chinese man answers the questions of an American visitor about life for the Chinese peasants before and after Liber' ation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation once straight through, then listen a second time and turn to page 150 and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">lǎorenj ia</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">a form of aadress for an older person</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kànqilai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">when looking at...; in appearance</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">niánqīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">to be young</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">qǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be light, not heavy</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shēnghuo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">life</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ku</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be bitter, painful</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to undergo, to be the object of; to receive</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">lǐngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to lead</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">an</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">according to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fēndào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to divide</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiànshèchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to build into</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhǔyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">principles</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">lìliang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">strength</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tígāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to raise</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">hebìngchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to merge into</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Mao Zhǔxí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Chairman Mao</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">hǎoxiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to resemble</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">mei ěr mei nu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">without sons and daughters</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise an American Doctor speaks with a commune member about how the commune rúns the cooperative medical treatment and the sort of services that are offered.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then on the second time through answer the questions found on page 150.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">For this exercise you will need the following new words:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yǐliáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">medicine, medical</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yùfáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to prevent, preventive</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dǎ yùfángzhēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to innoculate</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yíwù renyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">medical personnel</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">xùnlian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to train</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dìli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">in the fields</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dǎ zhēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to give a shot</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiǎngdao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to talk about</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">should, ought</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">nongmangde shíhou</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">during the busy season for farming</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese sc that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. How many people are in the production brigade? How large is it?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Is the production brigade divided into further levels? If so, what are these? What are the main products they produce?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3- What was life like before Liberation? Why?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. After Liberation did conditions change? If so, in what way?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. In 1953 the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement was begun. Can you give some details of what this was like?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. Since 1958 the organizations of the commune have undergone a change. What has this change been?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. How does the production of 1971 compare with the production before Liberation?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions yourself, you might want to take a look at the translation for this talk found on page 151 . You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will he able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. With whom is the visitor speaking? What is the occupation of that person?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. What was life like for the elderly Chinese man before Liberation?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Does the Chinese man say that things have remained the same after Liberation? If not, what sort of changes have occurred?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. How was the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement carried out?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Does the old man have a family? If so, do they care for him? If not, how is his care provided for?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions yourself, you might want to take a look at the translation on page 153 . You might also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. In what is the doctor interested?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Was medical treatment readily available for commune members before the cooperative medical treatment was started?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. What was the first task of the medical cooperative movement?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">U. What sort of personnel and facilities does each production brigade have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. Do commune members pay every time they have to see the doctor?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. What happens if the commune personnel get sick while working in the fields?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions yourself, look on page!55 for the translation to this dialogue, then listen again to the dialogue to help you prepare to give ycur answers orally.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jīntian Měiguo péngyou lái women shēngchǎn dàduì cānguān. Women hěn huānyíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women dàduì xiànzài yǒu liǎng-qiānwubǎisìshiduo rén, tudì miànji wǔqiǎnyìbǎi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǔ</span><span class="font5">. Dàduì xiàtou you shíge shēngchǎnduì. Women zhǔyào shēngchǎn liangshi, yě shēngchǎn shuiguS, shūcài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Womende tǔdì suirán hěn dà, kěshi Jiěfàng yìqián tǔrǎng bù hǎo. Nongmín hái </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shòu</span><span class="font5"> dìzhǔde bōxué hé yāpò, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēnghuo</span><span class="font5"> hěn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kǔ</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yījiǔsìjiǔnián C^ngchǎndǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lìngdǎo</span><span class="font5"> wǒmen Jinxing Tǔdì Gǎigé,yě gǎiliáng tǔrǎng, bǎ dìzhǔde dì dōu mòshōu le. Fēngei nongmín, nongmín hěn gāoxìng. Shēngchǎnde dōngxi yuè lái yuè duō. Tǔdì Gǎigé yihou bù jiu, youde nongmín kāishi zǔzhi hùzhùzu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yíjiǔwǔsānnián wǒmen kāishi gǎo Nóngyè Hézuòhua Yùndong. Èrshiduō jiā rén zài yìql zuzhi chūjí nóngyè hézuòshè. Dàjiā zài yìqī láodòng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yijiuwǔliùnián shíjlge chūjí nóngyè hézuòshè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hébìngcheng</span><span class="font5"> yíge gāojí nóngyè hézuòshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yijiǔwǔbānián </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Máo Zhǔxí</span><span class="font5"> hàozhào chénglì rénmín gōngshè. Wǒmen jiù cānjiā </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàtóng Rénmín Gōngshè, chéng</span><span class="font5">le </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Běitóu shēngchǎn dàduì</span><span class="font5">. Wǒmende zǔzhi dōu shi cóng shǎo dào duō, cóng xiǎo dào dà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yījiǔqīyīnián wǒmen shēngchǎnde liángshi měi mu bǐ Jiěfàng qián duō bābèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Today we welcome our American friends who have come to visit our production brigade.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our brigade now has over 2,5^0 people, and a land area of over 5»100 mou. Under the brigade there are ten production teams. We produce mainly grain, and also fruit and vegetables.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Although we have a lot of land, before Liberation the soil was bad. The peasants also suffered the exploitation and oppression of the landlords. Life was very hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 19^9, the Communist Party led us in carrying out the Land Reform, and in improving the soil. All the landlord’s land was confiscated and divided among the peasants. which made the peasants very happy. More and more things were produced. Not long after the Land Reform, some peasants began to organize mutual aid teams.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1953 we began the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement. Over twenty families together organized an elementary agricultural cooperative. Everyone worked together. In 1956 ten-odd elementary agricultural cooperatives merged into an advanced agricultural cooperative.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1958 Chairman Mao issued the call to establish people’s communes. Then we joined the .Tat’ung People’s Commune and became the Peit’ou Production Brigade. Our organizations have multiplied and expanded.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1971 the grain produced by each mou was nine times more than that before Liberation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women yě zhong shuǐguo, zhǔyào shi píngguo. ...Wǒmen yǐjing yǒu yíge huàféichǎng. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zǒngde lai shuō </span><span class="font5">wǒmen suǐrán zuòle hěn duō gōngzuò, yǒu yìxiē </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéngj i</span><span class="font5">, kěshi he Dàzhài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǐyibǐ</span><span class="font5"> jiù juéde zuòde hái hěn bǔ gòu. Women děi zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǔlì</span><span class="font5">. Xiwang míngnian </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hiàncheng</span><span class="font5"> yíge ’ÌTōngyè Xué Dazhài’de xiānjin dānwèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We also grow fruit, mainly apples. ...We already have a chemical fertilizer plant. On the whole, although we have done a lot of work, and have made some achievements, compared to Tachai we feel we still haven’t done nearly enough. We have to do more hard work. Next year we hope to become an advanced unit which ’In Agriculture Learns from Tachai’.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">F: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lǎorenjia</span><span class="font5">, nǐ duo dà suìshu le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wǒ jīnnian qǐshibá suì le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Ni </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànailai</span><span class="font5"> shēntǐ jiànkāng,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hái hěn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">niánqing</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wǒ hěn shǎo shēng bìng. Xiànzài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">měitiān hái zuò yìxiē </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qìngd</span><span class="font5">e láodòng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Wǒ tingshuō Zhōngguode nōngmín</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zài Jiěfàng yǐqián </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēnghuo </span><span class="font5">hěn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kǔ</span><span class="font5">, shi zhēnde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Shi zhēnde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Ni néng bu neng gēn wo jiǎng-jiang nǐ yǐqián dōu zuòguo shénme ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hǎo. Jiěfàng yǐqián wǒ méiyǒu tǔdì. Wǒ zū dìzhǔde dì. Láodòng yìnián shēngchǎnde liángshi jìbenshang dōu gěile dìzhǔ. Zìjǐ chángcháng chībubǎo, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shòu</span><span class="font5"> dìzhǔde bōxuē he yāpò.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">How old are you, sir?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m seventy-eight years old this year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You look very healthy and ctill quite young.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I verv rarely get sick. Now T still do a little light work every day.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I hear that life was very hard for the Chinese peasants before Liberation. Is that so?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, it is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Could you tell me what You’ve done in the past?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. Before Liberation I had no land. I rented land from a landlord. I gave the landlord practically all the grain that I worked for a year to produce. Often, I didn’t have enough to eat, and I suffered the exploitation and oppression of the landlord.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiěfàng yihòu Gòngchǎngdǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǐngdǎo</span><span class="font5"> women jinxing Tǔdì Gǎigé Yùndòng bǎ dìzhǔde tǔdì dōu mòshōule, fēngei nongmín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women měijiā dōu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">an</span><span class="font5"> rénkǒu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēndàol</span><span class="font5">e tǔdì. Kěshi women nongmín bú shi yōule tǔdì jiù xíng le. Women yào bǎ Zhōngguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">j iànshècheng</span><span class="font5"> yige Gongchǎn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǔyì</span><span class="font5"> guojiā, suóyi Gongchǎndǎng lǐngdǎo women jìnxíngle hǎojǐcìde yùndòng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ShSuxiān zài Yījiǔwǔsānnián women kāishi gǎo Nōngyè Hézuòhuà Yùndòng. Nongmín dōu cānjiā chūjí nōngyè hézuòshè. Shíji jiā rén zài yìqǐ láodòng. Rén duō, lìliang dà. Wǒmende shengchan </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tígāo</span><span class="font5"> le. Zài nèige shíhou yīnwei shi chūjí hézuòshè, tǔdì fēnhōng. Dàole Yījiǔwǔliùnián Gong-chǎndǎng lǐngdǎo women gǎo gāojí nōngyè hézuòshè. Shíjige chūjí nōngyè hézuòshè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hébìng-cheng</span><span class="font5"> yige gāojí nōngyè hézuòshè. Tǔdì bù fēnhōng le. Duō láo duō dé. Zhèiyàng jiù gèng néng fāhuī nōngmínde shēngchǎn jijíxìng. Gāojí nōngyè hézuòshè shì bu shi jiùshi women zuìhòude mùdi le ne? Hái bú shì. Gāojí nōngyè hézuòshè hái bú gòu dà. Suōyi dào YTjiǔwǔbānián </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Máo Zhǔxí </span><span class="font5">yòu lǐngdǎo women chénglìle rénmín gōngshè. Rénmín gōngshè yòu dà yòu hǎo. Shēngchǎn niánnián tígāo. Shèyuánde shēnghuo yuè lái yuè hǎo^ Xiàng wǒ zhèiyàng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi ér mei nūd</span><span class="font5">e lǎo rén, gōngshè pài rén zhàogu wo. Zhèi dōu shi Gongchǎndǎng, Máo Zhǔxī lǐngdǎode hǎo a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After Liberation, the Communist Party led us in carrying out the Land Reform Movement, and all the landlords* land was confiscated and divided among the peasants.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Each family received land in accordance with the number of people in the family. But for us peasants, it wasn’t enough just to have land. We wanted to develop China into a Communist country. So the Communist Party led us in carrying out many different movements.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">First, in 1953 we began the Agricultural Cooperativization Movement. The peasants all joined in the elementary agricultural cooperatives. Ten odd families worked together. With more people, our strength was greater. Our production rose. At that time, because it was an elementary cooperative, the profits from the land were shared. By 1956 the Communist Party led us in forming advanced agricultural cooperatives. Ten-odd elementary agricultural cooperatives merged into one advanced agricultural cooperative. The profits from the land weren’t shared. The more you worked, the more you got. This way we were able to develop the peasants* enthusiasm for prod-duct ion even more. But were the advanced agricultural cooperatives our final goal? No. The advanced cooperatives still weren’t big enough. So in 1958 Chairman Mao led us in establishing the people’s communes. The people’s communes were large efficient. Production rose every year. The life of the commune members got better and better and better. The commune assigns someone to take care of an old man like me, without any</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Xièxie ni gàosule wo zhènme</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">duōde shìqing. Wǒ jiù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎoxiàng</span><span class="font5"> shàngle yìtáng lìshī ke.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Xīwang ni yīhòu lai Zhōngguode</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shíhou, hái lai wǒmen zhèr war.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Hǎo. Zàijiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Zàijiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sons or daughters. It’s all because of the Communist Party’s and Chairman Mao’s good leadership!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Thanks for telling me about so many things. It’s just as if I’ve attended a history class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I hope that when you come back to China in the future you’ll come back to see us.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I will. Goodbye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Goodbye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wǒ shi yíge yīsheng. Wo duì Zhōngguo renmín gōngshè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yí-liáo</span><span class="font5"> he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùfáng</span><span class="font5"> gōngzuōde qíngkuàng hěn you xìngqu. Tīngshuō nīmen gōngshède hězuǒ yīliáo bànde yòu zǎo yòu hǎoj shi yíge bàn hězuò yīliáode xiānjìn dānwèi. Qīng ni gěi wo jiǎngyi-jiǎng nīmen shi zěnme bàn hězuò yīliáode, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Hao. Women gōngshè yígòng you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bāge shēngchǎn dàduì. Xiànzài rěnkou shi liùqiānsānbǎiwǔshiduō ren. Zài bàn hezuò yīliáo yīqián wǒmen quán gōngshè zhī yǒu yíge wèishěngsuo, shíèrge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīwù ren</span><span class="font5"></span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuán</span><span class="font5">; shèyuán kàn bìng hen bù fāngbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yījiǔliùqīnián wǒmen kāishY bàn hězuò yīliáo. Dìyīge gōngzuò jiùshi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xùnlian</span><span class="font5"> yīwù renyuán. Nèi shíhou wǒmen wèishěngsuode yīsheng, hūshi jiù bàn xuéxiào, xùnlian chijiao yīsheng he hùshi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m a doctor. I’m very interested in what’s going on with the work in medical treatment and preventive medicine in China’s people’s communes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I hear that the cooperative medical treatment in your commune was started early and run well and that it’s an advanced unit in cooperative medical treatment. Would you please tell me how you run the cooperative medical treatment?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. Altogether our cooperative has eight production brigades. The population is now over 6,350. Before we started the cooperative treatment our whole commune only had a clinic and twelve medical personnel, and it was difficult for the commune members to get treated.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1967 we began cooperative medical treatment. The first job was to train the medical personnel. The doctors and nurses from our clinic then started a school to train barefoot doctors and nurses.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiànzài wǒmen yījing yǒu yìbǎi-sìshiduōge yīwù rényuán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gōngshè you wèishēngyuàn. Meige shēngchǎn dàduì yǒu wèishēngsuǒ, měige shēngchǎnduì yǒu wèishēng-shì. Wèishēngshì you chìjiǎo yīsheng gěi shèyuán kàn bìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Mǒfgc shèyuán yìnián gěi yíkuài qián. Yīhòu kàn bìng jiù bu yào qián le. Zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǒng mángde shíhou</span><span class="font5">, shèyuán děi zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìli</span><span class="font5"> gōngzuò, yǒule bìng měi shíjian qù kàn bìng, chijiao yīsheng jiù dào dìli qù gěi shèyuán kàn bìng. Yǒu shíhou wǎnshang hái bǎ yào sòngdao shèyuán jiāli.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">M:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Yùfáng gōngzuò yě shi women hěn zhòngyàode gōngzuò. Chijiao yīsheng dào yídìngde shíjian gěi xiǎo háizi he shèyuán </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǎ yùfáng zhēn</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xièxie ni gěi wo jiǎng le zhènme duō guānyu nīmen gōngshè bàn hezuò yīliáode qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Bu kèqi. Nī hái xiǎng zhīdao shenme wǒ mei </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">j iǎngdào</span><span class="font5">de, qīng suíbiàn tíchulai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Meiyōu shenme wèntí le. Shíjian bù zǎo le. Wǒ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gāi</span><span class="font5"> zǒu le. Xièxie. Zàijiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At present we already have over lUO medical personnel. The commune has a hospital. Every proauction brigade has a clinic, and every production team has a health room. Tne health room has a barefoot doctor who treats commune members.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Every commune member pays one dollar a year, and then they can see the doctor for free. During the busy season for farming, ‘..aen the commune pexsonnet have to work in the fields, they don’t have time to go see a doctor if tney get sick, so a barefoot doctor goes to the fields to examine them. Sometimes in the evening he will even deliver medicine to commune members* houses.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prevention work is also an important job of ours. At certain times the barefoot doctor inoculates tne cmldren and commune personnel.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Thank you for telling me so much about the way your commune runs cooperative treatment.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Don’t mention it. If there’s anything else that I didn’t talk about that you’d like to know, feel free to bring it up.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I don’t have any more questions. It’s getting late. I should be going. Thank you. Goodbye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Zàijiàn.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Goodbye.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 08_files/Student Text Mods 08-6.png" alt="" style="width:393pt;height:481pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">1 </span><span class="font3">Gate of Heavenly Purity - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qián Qīng Men</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-style:italic;">ì</span><span class="font3"> Gate of Supreme Harmony - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tai He Men</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span><span class="font3"> Hall of Literary Splendor - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wen Huá Dian</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">4</span><span class="font3"> Hall of Supreme Harmony - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tài He Dian</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3">S Hall of the Preservation of Harmony - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎo He Diàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">6</span><span class="font3"> Hall of Union - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo Tài Diàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">7</span><span class="font3"> Imperial Library - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wen Yuan Gé</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font3">• Meridian Gate - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǔ Men</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">9</span><span class="font3"> Nine Dragon Wall - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiu Long Bì</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">10</span><span class="font3"> Palace of Ancestral Worship - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Feng Xiān Diàn</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">11</span><span class="font3"> Palace of Earthly Tranquility - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kūn Níng G5ng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">12</span><span class="font3"> Palace of Eternal Harmony (Museum of Ceramics) - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Y&ng He Gōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">13</span><span class="font3"> Palace of Heavenly Favor (Museum of Ceramics) - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cheng Qián Gōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">14</span><span class="font3"> Palace of Heavenly Purity - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qián ^ǐng Gōng</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">15</span><span class="font3"> Palace of Imperial Supremacy - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huáng Jí Diàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font3">lé Palace of Peace and Longevity - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Níng Shòu Gōhg</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">17</span><span class="font3"> Palace of Prosperity (Museum of Bronzes) - </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhāi Gōng</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">gate</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">moat</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">Golden Water River Imperial Garden watchtower</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div><img src="Student Text Mods 08_files/Student Text Mods 08-7.png" alt="" style="width:23pt;height:37pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">palace wall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">main imperial hall palace building</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">T,</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Reference List</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. B: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng guòqù</span><span class="font5"> yě jiào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zǐjìncheng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A: Gùgōng shi neixiē </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">cháodàid</span><span class="font5">e </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huánggōng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi Míngeháo he Qīngcháode huánggōng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. A: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhěnggěr</span><span class="font5"> Gùgōng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhànde </span><span class="font5">tǔdì miànji duō dà?</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Qǐshièrwànduō píngfāng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǐ</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A: Gùgōng dàyuē yǒu duō-shao jiàn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángwū?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">B: You jiǔqiānduō jiān fángwū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In the past, the Imperial Palace was also called the Forbidden City.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">During what dynasties was the Imperial Palace the emperor’s residence?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Imperial Palace was the emperor’s résidence of the Ming Dynasty and the Ch’ing Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much land does the whole area of the Imperial Palace occupy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">More than 720,000 square meters.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Approximately how many rooms does the Imperial Palace have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">There are more than 9j000</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rooms.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: Qiánbiarde dà </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">di an </span><span class="font5">yǐqián zuò shenme yōng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi huángdì he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàchenm</span><span class="font5">en tǎolùn he juedìng guójiā </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàshìd</span><span class="font5">e dìfang.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Gùgōngde zuì hòubiar shi shenme?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Zuì hòubiar shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yùhuāyuán</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What were the large halls in the front used for?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They were where the emperor and his chief statesmen discussed and decided national affairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What is at the extreme rear of the Imperial Palace?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Imperial Garden is at the extreme rear.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. B: Zhèige wěidàde jiànzhù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chùchù</span><span class="font5"> dōu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǐxiànl</span><span class="font5">e rénmínde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhìhuì</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: Zhèige wěidàde jiànzhù chuchu dōu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chōngfèn </span><span class="font5">tǐxiànle rénmínde zhìhuì he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuàngzàolì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">9. B: Nǐ yí dào nar, jiù kéyi kàndechulai Zhōngguode </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wénhuà</span><span class="font5"> he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìshu shuǐpíng</span><span class="font5"> shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duōme </span><span class="font5">gāo le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: Qīngchāo mòniān rénmín wèishénme duì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">MānQing </span><span class="font5">zhengfǔ bù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎnyì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yīnwei MǎnQīng zhengfǔ tài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">f ǔbài</span><span class="font5">, guojiā hěn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ruò</span><span class="font5">,suōyi rénmín hù mǎnyì.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">11. B: Nèige shíhou Zhōngguo chang </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font5"> wàiguo qīnlǔè.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">12. A: ManQing zhengfǔ shi bu shi Yījiǔyīyīniān bèi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tuifānd</span><span class="font5">e?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì, Yījiǔyīyīniān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sūn Zhōngshān</span><span class="font5"> Xiānsheng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǐngdǎo Xīnhài Gémìng </span><span class="font5">bǎ ManQing zhèngfǔ tuīfān le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">13. B: Yīhòu, zhèngfǔ jiù bǎ Zījìnchéng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎiwéi </span><span class="font5">Gùgōng Bówuyuàn, ràng rénmín suíbiàn cānguān le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Every part of this great structure embodies the people’s wisdom.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Every part of this great structure fully shows the people’s wisdom and creative ability.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">As soon as you get there You can see how high the level of China’s culture and art is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Why were the people dissatisfied with the Manchu Ch’ing government in the last years of the Ch’ing Dynasty?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Because the Manchu Ch’ing government was very corrupt, and the country was weak, therefore the people were dissatisified.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time China was often invaded by foreign countries.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Was the Manchu Ch’ing government overthrown in 1911?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s right. In 1911 Dr. Sun Yatsen led the Hsinhai Revolution and overthrew the Manchu Ch’ing government.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Afterward, the government took the Forbidden City and converted it into the Palace Museum, allowing people to visit as they like.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">"bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">by (indicates the one who is carrying out the action in passive sentences)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">cháodài chōngfèn chuàngzàolì chùchù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dynasty fully creative ability everywhere</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàchén dàshì diàn duome</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chief statesman, high minister important affairs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">palace, hall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">how ... !, so ... !</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fángwū fǔbài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">house, building, room ■co be corrupt.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gaiwéi Gùgōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to convert to, turn into, change to the Imperial Palace (short for</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gùgōng Bowuyuàn)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">guōqù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">formerly</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">huánggǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">imperial palace, emperor’s residence</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">língdSo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to lead; leader</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">MǎnQīng zhèngfS mǎnyì mǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Manchu Ch’ing government to be satisfied meter</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Qǐngcháo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Ch’ing Dynasty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ruò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be weak</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shuípíng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sun Zhōngshān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">level, standard Sun Yatsen</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tǐxiàn tuīfān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to embody, to realize, to show to overthrow</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">wénhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">culture</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Xīnhàì Gémìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Hsinhai Revolution (the Revolution of 1911)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yìshu Yùhuāyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">art, artistic</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the Imperial Garden</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhàn zhěnggèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to occupy a space</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to he whole, to he complete; the whole of; completely</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhìhuì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zǐjìnchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">wisdom</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the Forbidden City</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 7» Reference Notes</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">1. B: Gùgōng guòqù yě jiào Zǐjìncheng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">In the past, the Imperial Palace was also called the Forbidden City.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng</span><span class="font5">: ’Imperial Palace’ In conversation the full name </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng Bōwuguān</span><span class="font5"> sometimes gets reduced to </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guòqù</span><span class="font5">: ’in the past’ Like other time words such as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jǐntian</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qùnian</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guòqù</span><span class="font5"> comes before tne verb. It also comes before any adverbs, such as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yě</span><span class="font5">, which must themselves come before the verb. It may also come before the subj ect.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Guòqù Gùgōng yě jiào</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font5">Zǐjìncheng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">In the past, the Imperial Palace was also called the Forbidden City.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zǐjìncheng</span><span class="font5">: 'Forbidden City', literally the 'Purple Forbidden City*. This was the name for the Imperial Palace until the end of the Ch'ing Dynasty.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A: Gùgōng shi něixiē cháodàide huánggōng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi Míngcháo he Qingcháode huánggōng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">During what dynasties was the Imperial Palace the emperor’s residence?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Imperial Palace was the emperor's residence of the Ming Dynasty and the Ch’ing Dynasty.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huánggōng</span><span class="font5">: 'imperial residence', literally 'emperor-palace'.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huáng</span><span class="font5"> is the same </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huáng</span><span class="font5"> as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huángdì</span><span class="font5">, 'emperor'.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">3. A: Zhěnggèr Gùgōng zhànde tǔdì miànji duō dà?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Qǐshièrwànduō píngfāng mǐ.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">How much land does the whole area of the Imperial Palace occupy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">More than 720,000 square meters.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhěnggèr</span><span class="font5">: ’whole’ (You may also hear it pronounced </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhěnggè</span><span class="font5">.) </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhěnggèr</span><span class="font5"> sometimes acts like an adjective, modifying nouns, as in the sentence above. It also sometimes acts like an adverb (’wholly, completely’), coming before the verb in the sentence.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Qùnian fāshēng shuǐzāide shihou, zhèige dìqū zhěnggèr dōu shi shuǐ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Guānyu zhèige wènti, wo zhěnggèr bù dong.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Luring the flood last year, this whole area was covered with water.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I don’t understand the least bit about this question-.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A: Gùgōng dàyuē you duō-shao jiàn fángwū?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Approximately how many rooms does the Imperial Palace have?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: You jiǔqiānduō Jian</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">fángwū.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">There are more than 9,000</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">rooms.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángwū</span><span class="font5">: ’house, building, room’ In most instances </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángwū</span><span class="font5"> refers to a building. However, when used in talking about the various structures in the Imperial Palace, it refers to rooms, pavilions, halls and buildings.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wuxi jiāoqū you hěn duō In the suburbs of Wusih, there</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fángwū jiànzài hebiār. are many buildings built</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">alongside the river.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: Qiánbiarde dà diàn yíqián zuò shenme yòng?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi huángdì he dàchenmen tǎolùn he Juedìng guojiā dàshìde dìfang.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What were the large halls in the front used for?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They were where the emperor and his chief statesmen discussed and decided national affairs.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. $</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò ... yòng</span><span class="font5">: This pattern is used to explain what something is used for. In the examples which follow you need to know that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guō</span><span class="font5"> is a ’wok’, a pot for cooking.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige guō shi chǎo cài yòngde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèijiān wūzi, wo zhǔnbèi zuò shūfáng yòng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">This pot is used for frying vegetables.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m planning to use this room as a study.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Gùgōngde zuì hòubiar shi What is at the extreme rear</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shénme? of the Imperial Palace?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Zuì hòubiar shi Yùhuāyuán. The Imperial Garden is at the extreme rear.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì hòubiar</span><span class="font5">: 'farthest towards the back' You’ve usually seen the adverb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì</span><span class="font5">, ’most', modifying verbs. Here it is used to modify a noun, the location word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hòubiar</span><span class="font5">. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuì</span><span class="font5"> can also modify the following location words:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">shàngtou, shàngbian xiàtou, xiàbian, dìxia qiántou, qiáribian hòutou, hòùbian lǐtou, lǐbian wàitou, wàibian</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">zuōbian yòubian dōngbian nánbian xìbian běibian</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">shàngmian xiàmian qiánmian hòumian lǐmian wàimian</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige hútong zuì dōngbiar shi shénme?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What is to the farthest east of</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">this alley?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">7. B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige wěidàde jiànzhù chùchù dōu tǐxiànle rénmínde zhìhuì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Every part of this great structure embodies the people’s wisdom.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No.7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chùchù</span><span class="font5">: ’every part, everywhere’</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Chūntiande Huáshèngdùn, chùchù dōu shi huār.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">In the springtime in Washington there are flowers everywhere.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tīxiàn: ’to show, manifest, embody’ Notice that in the above sentence even though the English is written in the present tense the Chinese uses the marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font5">. The verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǐxiàn</span><span class="font5"> is usually used with the marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font5"> or a resultative ending, such as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-chū</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In the first example, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǎnlǎnhuì</span><span class="font5">, ’exhibition' is used.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige zhǎnlǎnhuì tǐxiànchū This exhibit shows how developed Měiguo gōngyè shi duome fādǎ. American industry is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nèijiàn chūtù wēnwù tǐxiànle That archaeological find shows Tǎngchǎo laodòng rénmínde the working people’s standard</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shēngchǎn shuǐpíng. of production during the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T’ang dynasty.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige weidàde jiànzhù chùchu dōu chōngfèn tǐxiànle rēnmínde zhìhuì he chuàngzàolì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Every part of this great structure fully shows the people’s wisdom and creative ability.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-lì</span><span class="font5">: This syllable is added to a few words to form compounds meaning ’____ability*. Here are some other examnles:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">lǎodònglì nénglì tīnglì rěnlì diànlì</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">working force</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ability</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">listening ability, listening comprehension manpower</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">electric power</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">As soon as you get there, you can see how high the level of China’s culture and art is.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">9. B: Nǐ yí dào nar, jiù keyi kàndechulai Zhōngguode wěnhuà he yìshu shuǐpíng shi duome gāo le.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Notes on No. 9</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> shuǐpíng</span><span class="font5">: 'level, standard’ Rìběnde gōngyè shēngchǎn shuǐpíng zhēn gāo!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde Dewēn shuǐpíng bù gòu gāo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Japan’s industrial production standard is really high!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">His level in German isn’t high enough.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duome</span><span class="font5">: This is the word for ’how’ or ’so’ used in statements and exclamatory sentences.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige nǔhǎizi duome How pretty this girl is!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">piàoliang!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jíntiande tiānqi duome hǎo a! The weather’s so nice today!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">... shi duome gāo le</span><span class="font5">: The use of the pattern </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐ ... jiù ... </span><span class="font5">permits the use of the marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font5"> in the sentence above. When </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yí ... jiù ...</span><span class="font5"> is used in a sentence, the idea expressed in the ’then* clause is considered a new situation, and therefore the clause takes </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font5">. Even though this is not a new situation as of now, but one which will occur when the conditions of the sentence have been fulfilled, the le is still used.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: Qīngchǎo mSniǎn rénmín wèishénme duì MǎnQíng zhèngfǔ bù mǎnyì?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yīnwei MǎnQíng zhèngfǔ tài fǔbài, guojiā hen ruō, suōyi rénmín bù mǎnyì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Why weré the people dissatisfied with the Manchu Ch’ing government in the last years of the Ch’ing dynasty?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Because the Manchu Ch’ing government was very corrupt, and the country was weak, therefore the people were dissatisfied.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì ... (bù) mǎnyì</span><span class="font5">; ’to be (un)satisfied with ...* In the English sentence above the preposition ’with* is used, while in the Chinese sentence the prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font5">, ’to, toward’ is used. Sentences using the state verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎnyì</span><span class="font5"> may also be phrased so that it is not necessary to use </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font5">:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wode huídǎ, nǐ mǎnyì ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Are you satisfied with my answer?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā duì nǐ zhènme hǎo. Nǐ wèishénme bù mǎnyì?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He is so good to you. Why are you dissatisfied?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">11. B: Nèige shíhou Zhōngguo chang bèi wàiguo qīnlǔè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time. China was often invaded by foreign countries.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">12. A: ManQing zhèngfǔ shi bu shi Yījiǔyīyīniān bèi tuīfānde?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Was the Manchu Ch’ing government overthrown in 1911?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That's right. In 1911 Dr. Sun Yatsen led the Hsinhai Revolution and overthrew the Manchu Ch’ing government.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Duì, YiJiǔyīyīniān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sun Zhōngshān Xiānsheng līngdǎo Xīnhài Gémìng bǎ ManQing zhèngfǔ tuīfān le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Kos. 11 and 12</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font5">: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action in passive sentences, similar to the English 'by'. It is also used without an object to indicate passive sentences, as in the question in No. 12 above.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepositional verbs are usually followed by nouns, which are recipients of the action in some way. The object of the prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font5"> is not the recipient, but the instigator of the action.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Object of the Prepositional Verb as Recipient</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ta duì wǒ hen bù mǎnyì. He is very dissatisfied with me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">QXng ni gei wo shuōmíng. Please explain it to me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā bǎ zhuǒzi bāndao She moved the table upstairs,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">loushang qu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Object of the Prepositional Verb as Instigator</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tǎde xīn qìche bèi rén His new car was hit by someone,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chuàng le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Often no special pattern or grammatical device is needed to express a passive meaning in Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐde zhèige chabēi shi zài Where was this teacup of yours</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shénme dì fang mǎide? bought ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">But sometimes a passive meaning is also shown by marking the doer of the action in a non-subject position. This can be done by using the prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nèige rén nazǒule wode yǔsǎn. That person took away my umbrella.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wode yusǎn bèi nèige rén My umbrella got taken away</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nazǒu le. by that person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font5"> can also be added WITHOUT an object to emphasize the passive meaning of a sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde xīn qìche bèi chuàng le. His new car was hit.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">13. B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Yihòu, zhèngfǔ Jiù bǎ Afterward, the government</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zíjìnchéng gāiwéi took the Forbidden City</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gugōng Bowuyuàn, and converted it into the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rang rénmín suíbiàn Palace Museum, allowing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cānguān le. people to visit as they like.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 7, Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Gùgōng—guòqù yě jiào Zījìnchéng—shì MÍngcháo he Qīngcháode huánggōng. Cong Yīsìlíngliùnián kāishí xiū-jiàn, dào Yīsìèrlíngnián cái xiūwán. Dào xiànzài yījing you wǔbǎiwǔshiduō-niánde lìshǐ le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhěnggèr Gùgōng zhànde tǔdì miànji shi qīshièrwànduō píngfāng mī. You jiǔqiān duō jiān fángwū. Gùgōngde jiànzhù zhǔyào fēn qiánhòu liǎng dà bùfen. Qiánbian you sānge dà diàn shi huángdì he dàchénmen tǎolùn he juédìng guojiā dàshìde dìfang. HÒumiande gōngdiàn shi huángdì zhùde dìfang. Zuì hòubian shi Yùhuayuán.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">The Imperial Palace— in the past also called the Forbidden City—was the emperor’s residence of the Ming Dynasty and the Ch’ing Dynasty. They began to construct it in 1UO6 and it was not finished until 1U2U. lí has already had more than 550 years of history.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The land which the whole Imperial Palace occupies is more than 720,000 square meters. There are more than 9,000 rooms. The Imperial Palace is essentially divided into two large parts, front and back. In the front are three great halls, where the emperor and his chief statesmen discussed and decided national affairs. The rear palace buildings are where the emperor lived. At the extreme rear is the Imperial Garden.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhèige wěidàde jiànzhù chùchù dōu chōngfèn tīxiànle rénmínde zhìhuì he chuàngzàolì. Nǐ yí dào nar jiù kéyi kàndechu-lai Zhōngguode wénhuà he yìshu shuǐpíng shi duéme gāo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Dào Qīngcháo mònián yīnwei MǎnQīng zhèngfǔ tài fǔbài, guojiā hěn ruò, cháng bèi wàiguo qīnlǔè. Rénmín duì Qīngcháo zhengfǔ fēi-cháng bù manyì. Zuìhòu zài Yījiǔ-yīyīnián Sun Zhōngshān Xiānsheng lǐngdǎo Xīnhài Gémìng bǎ MǎnQīng zhèngfǔ tuīfān le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Yīhòu jiù bǎ Zǐjìnchéng gǎiwéi Gùgōng Bówuyuàn, ràng rénmín suíbiàn cānguān le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Every part of this great structure fully shows the people’s wisdom and creative ability. As soon as you get there you can see how high the level of China’s culture and art is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In the last years of the Ch’ing Dynasty, because the Manchu Ch’ing government was too corrupt, and the country was weak, it was often invaded by foreign countries. The people were extremely dissatisfied with the Ch’ing government. Finally, in 1911, Mr. Sun Yat-sen led the Hsinhai Revolution, and overthrew the Manchu Ch’ing government.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Afterwards, the Forbidden City was converted into the Palace Museum, allowing the people to visit as they like.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 7, Tape 2 Workbook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise you will hear a talk given by a museum guide discussing the importance of the Shensi Provincial Museum, its history, and the types of exhibits it houses.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The presentation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you might want to listen to it a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand the talk:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">sheng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhanlǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to exhibit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">bījiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">comparatively, relatively</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gǔdài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ancient times</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiàn dū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to set up the capital</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhuxí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chairman</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shǒugōngyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">handicrafts</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kēxuě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">science</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yǒuhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">friendly</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Wúchǎn Jiējí Wenhuà Dà Gémìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Great Proletarian Cultural</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Yùndòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Revolution</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">qǐyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">uprising</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">bēishí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">monument</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">The questions for this exercise on are page 171.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a talk on the city of Loyang in northwest Honan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T-oy</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">pn</span><span class="font5">g has been inhabited since before the Han Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the talk once straight through, then listen a second time and turn to page and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand the talk:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Luòyáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Loyang</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">sheng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gudū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ancient capital</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhōngxīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">center</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gǔdài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ancient times</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gùshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">story</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">shāndòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">mountain caves</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Fóxiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Buddhist statues</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Língdì Ling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">the name of a tomb, the tomb of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a talk introducing the city of Nanking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the presentation straight through once. Then on the second time through answer the questions found on page 172 .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">For this exercise you will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gǔchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ancient city</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiàn dū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to set up the capital</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiànlì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to set up, establish</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">línshí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">temporary</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Zhōngshānlíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">the name of Sun Yatsen's tomb</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">kèzhe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">carved, engraved</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font5">*Tiǎn Xià Wèi Gong’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">s, -luhua</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">’The World Belongs to Everyone*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to make green, to plant to make it green, landscape</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Where is the Shensi Provincial Museum? How large is it?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Why is the Shensi Provincial Museum a good place to carry on archaeological work?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Is Shensi an important region? If so, why?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. What does the speaker say the exhibits show about the working people?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">5. How do we know that China had friendly relations with many countries from very early times on?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">6. What does the speaker say are good materials for carrying out the class education of the people?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this talk found on page 172 . You may also want to listen to the presentation again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3'</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class. A translation is found on page 173.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Why is Loyang famous?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Is there a special type of work that can be carried out well in Loyang?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. What is located west of the river in Loyang? What can be found inside?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">4. Is there a particularly famous tomb in Loyang? If so, what is it famous for?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What is Nanking? Did only one dynasty establish its capital in Nanking?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. When and under what conditions was an interim government established in Nanking?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. What is the most famous place in Nanking? What can be found there?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">1. What happened after Liberation?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">5. How many visitors go the the tomb each year?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions yourself, look on page pyl^or the translation to the talk, them listen to it again to help you prepare to say your answers orally.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Shanxi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sheng</span><span class="font5"> Bowuguǎn zài wǒmen Xīān. Zhěnggèr miànji sìqiānduō pír.gf āng ml. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǎnlǎnd</span><span class="font5">e. wénwù sanqiānduǒ jiàn. Shi jinxing kǎogǔ gōngzuòde hǎo dìfang.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Shanxi shi wǒ guo lìshíshang wénhuà fāzhǎn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bíjiào</span><span class="font5"> zǎode yíge dìqū. Xīān </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gudàid</span><span class="font5">e shíhou ye .jiao Cháng’ān; hen duō cháodài dōu zài zhèr </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàn dū</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The Shensi Provincial Museum is here in Sian. The total area is over lour thousand square meuers. There are over 3,000 artifacts on exhibit. It is a good place to carry on archeological work.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shensi is a region where culture developed relatively early in our country’s history. In ancient times, Sian was called Ch’angan. Many dynasties set up their capitals here.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Mao </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǔxí</span><span class="font5"> shuō lìshí shi láodòng rénmín chuàngzàode. Tā shuōde hen duì. Cong zhèige Bǒwuguǎnlx zhǎn-lǎnde dōngxi jiù kéyi kànchulai wo guo wěidàde wénhuà shi láodòng rénmín chuàngzàode. Zài zhèixiē wénwull chùchù dōu tixiànle láodòng rénmínde zhìhuì né chuàngzàolì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Chairman Mao said that history is created by the working people. He was right. You can see from the things that are exhibited in this museum that the great culture of our country was created by the working people. The wisdom and creativity of the working people are manifested everywhere in these cultural artifacts.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Women hái kéyi kàndao zài Tángcháo wǒ guōde nongyè, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǒugōngyè</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kexué</span><span class="font5">, hé wénhuà dōu yíjing yǒule hen dàde fāzhǎn. Bowuguǎn you hěn duō gudài wàiguode qián, zhèi jiù shuōmírfg Zhōngguo hěn zǎo jiù gen bù shǎo guó-jiā you </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒuhǎo</span><span class="font5"> guǎnzi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">We can also see that in the T’ang Dynasty the agriculture, handicrafts, science and culture of our country had already developed greatly. The museum has a lot of ancient foreign money, which shows that China had friendly relations with quite a few countries </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">'r<sup>c</sup>:T'j</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zai </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng Yùndòngd</span><span class="font5">e shíhou, zhèige Bowuguǎn hái xiang bànfa zhǎodàole tǐxiàn yìxiē gǔdài jiějí yāpò he nongmín </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐyìd</span><span class="font5">e </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bēishí</span><span class="font5">. Zhèixiē dōu shi xiàng rénmín jinxing jiējí jiàoyude hǎo cáiliào.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, this museum also managed to find several stone tablets which show class oppression and peasant uprisings in ancient times. These are all good materials for carrying out the class education of the people.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Luòyáng</span><span class="font5"> zài Henan </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sheng</span><span class="font5"> shi Zhōngguo you míngde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǔdù</span><span class="font5">. Sānqiān-nián yiqián shi Zhōngguo wénhuàde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhōngxín</span><span class="font5">, you hen duō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gudài</span><span class="font5"> huángdìde língmù. Nèige dìfang you hen duō lìshǐ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gùshi</span><span class="font5">. Shi jinxing kǎogǔ gōngzuòde hǎo dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Luòyáng you yìtiáo he, fēng-jǐng hen hǎo. Zhèige héde xībiar you hen duō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shāndòng</span><span class="font5">. Shāngdōngli you jǐqiǎnge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fōxiang</span><span class="font5">. Dade gāo sānshí chǐ, xiǎode bú dào yìchǐ. Dào Luòyáng qùde rén chàbuduō dōu qù cānguān zhèixiē Foxiàng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Zài Luòyáng dōngbei wushí lǐde dìfang you yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Língdì Ling</span><span class="font5">, gāo sānbǎi chi, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuǎny</span><span class="font5">uǎnde kàn, xiàng yíge xiǎo shān. Shi Luòyáng zuì dàde língmù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Loyang is in Honan Province.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It is a famous ancient Chinese capital. 3,000 years ago it was the center of China’s culture. It has a lot of tombs of ancient emperors. There are a lot of historical tales about that place. It’s a good place to carry on archaeological work.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">There is a river in Loyang with very nice scenery. To the west of the river there are a lot of caves. In the caves there are several thousand Buddhist statues. The biggest ones are 30 feet tall, and the smallest ones are less than a foot. Almost everyone who goes to Loyang goes to see these statues.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Fifty li to the northeast of Loyang there is the tomb of the Emperor Ling, which is 300 feet tall. From afar, it looks like a hill. It is the largest tomb in Loyang.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nanjīng shi wǒ guō you míngde lìshī gǔchéng. Yǒu hěn duō cháodài dōu zài zhèr </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiàn dū</span><span class="font5">. Qīngcháo mònián ManQīng zhèngfu tài fubài. Renmín hěn bù mǎnyì. Yījiǔyīyīnián Sūn Zhōngshān Xiānsheng lǐngdǎode Xīnhài Gémìng tuīfānle ManQīng zhèngfu, zài Nanjīng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiànlìle línshí</span><span class="font5"> zhèngfu. Yījiǔsìjiǔ-nian Sānyue, Zhōngguo Gòngchǎngdǎng jiěfàngle Nanjing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nanking is one of our country’s historic ancient cities. Many dynasties established their capital here. In the latter years of the Ch’ing Dynasty, the Ch’ing government was very corrupt. The people were discontent. In 1911 the Manchu-Ch*ing government was overthrown by the Hsin Hai Revolution, led by Sun Yatsen, who established an interim government in Nanking. In March of 19^9 the Chinese Communist Party liberated Nanking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nanjīng zuì yǒu míngde dìfang shi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngshānlíng</span><span class="font5">, Sūn Zhōngshān Xiānshengde língmù jiù zài nàr. Zhōngshānlíng miànji bāwànduō píngfāng mǐ. Cōng Yījiǔèrliùnián kāishī dào Yījiǔèrjiǔnián cái Jiànhǎo. Líng-mùde dàménshang </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kèzhe</span><span class="font5"> Sūn Zhōngshān Xiānsheng xiěde ’</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tiān Xià Wei Gōng</span><span class="font5">* sìge dà zì. Jiěfàng yǐhòu zhèngfu zài Zhōngshānlíng jìnxíngle xiūzhěng he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">lūhuà</span><span class="font5">. Xiànzài yijing shi yíge gèng piàoliangde dìfang le. Budàn Zhōngguo ren xǐhuan dào zhèli lai war, hěn duō wàiguo pengyou yě xǐhuan dào zhèli cānguān. Měinián dào Zhōngshānlíng cān-guānde rén dàgài yǒu yìbaiduōwàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The most famous place in Nanking is the ’Chung Shan Tomb’, which is where Sun Yatsen’s tomb is. The area of the Sun Yatsen Tomb is over 80,000 square meters. Begun in 1926, it wasn’t completed until 1929. On the main gate of the tomb are engraved the four big characters ’The World Belongs To Everyone’, written by Sun Yatsen. After Liberation, the government undertook repairs and landscaping at the Sun Yatsen Tomb. Now it’s an even more beautiful place. Not only Chinese like to come here, a lot of foreigners like to come here to sightsee, too. About a million or more people go to visit the Sun Yatsen Tomb every year.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 8, Reference List</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Women Jīntian qù cān-guānde gōngchāng jiào shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Jiào Shànghǎi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huòchē Zhìzàochǎng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A: Wo xiàng tāmen gongzuòde yidìng hěn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">null</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shìde. Jīngguo gongren he gènbùde nìílì, dao YĪJiǔ-wubānián, wòmen zhèige chang </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhìzàoc</span><span class="font5">héng sìdūn zhòngde huòchē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">3. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiànzài nimen néng zhìzào duōshao dùnde huòchē?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Yījiǔqīyīnián yòu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìnyibù</span><span class="font5">, kéyi zhìzào sānshièr</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">dūnde chē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Nimen zhìzàode huòchē shi zài shénme dìfang yòngde?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What is the factory which we are going to visit today called?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s called the Shanghai Truck Manufacturing Plant.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T think that they must work very industriously.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. By 1958, through the hard work of the workers and cadres, this factory manufactured a four-ton truck.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How heavy a truck are you able to build now?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1971 again we made some progress and were able to manufacture trucks weighing 32 tons.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Where are the trucks you build used?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuàngqū</span><span class="font5"> yòngde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mùqiánde niánchànliàng </span><span class="font5">shi duōshao?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yiqiānwttbàiduō liàng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">They are used in mining areas.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What is the yearly rate of production at present?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Over 1,500 trucks.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Nīmende </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìchuáng</span><span class="font5"> shi zìjǐ zhìzàode háishi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìnkǒud</span><span class="font5">e?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women hái you yìxiē Jiěfàng yǐqián </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liúxia-</span><span class="font5">laide jīqi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Buguò xiànzài yǒu jǐbù jīchuáng shi wǒmen zìjǐ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shejì</span><span class="font5"> zhìzàode.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. A: Nǐmen zheige gōngchǎng yǒu duoshao </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">niigōng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Nugōng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàn</span><span class="font5"> gōngrende </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎifēn zhī</span><span class="font5"> èrshisān.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: Tāmen yě </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dānrèn gèjí </span><span class="font5">līngdǎo gōngzuò.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Gōngren dōu you shénme </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fulì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: You </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngfèi yīliáo,</span><span class="font5"> hái yǒu chang bànde </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tuōérsuǒ,</span><span class="font5"> yòuéryuán, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shítáng</span><span class="font5">, shenmede.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: Gōngrende </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuòfú</span><span class="font5"> shi gōngchǎng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāgei </span><span class="font5">tamende ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shìde. Chúle </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngzī</span><span class="font5"> yǐwài gongchǎng hái fāgei tamen gōngzuòfú.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Zhèige gōngchǎng yǒu gōngren </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sùshè</span><span class="font5"> ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yǒu, gōngren </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiātíng</span><span class="font5"> dōu zhù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiāshǔ</span><span class="font5"> sùshè, méiyǒu jiāde gōngren zhù </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dānshēn</span><span class="font5"> sùshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do you manufacture machine tools yourselves or are they imported?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We still have some machines left from before Liberation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">But now we have several machine tools which we designed and manufactured ourselves.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many women workers are there in this factory?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women workers constitute 23 percent of the workers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They also take on leadership work at every level.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What benefits do the workers have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They have free medical treatment, and also factory-run nurseries, kindergartens, dining halls, and so on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are the workers’ work clothes issued to them by the factory?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. In addition to wages, the factory also issues work clothes to them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Does this factory have dormitories for the workers?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, workers’ families al 1 live in family dormitories, those workers without families live in singles’ dormitories.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">12. A: Gōngren </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiao</span><span class="font5"> hu jiao </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángzū</span><span class="font5"> he </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuǐdiànfèi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Zhù jiāshǔ sùshède gōngren jiāo fángzū he shuǐdiànfèi, zhù dānshēn sùshède gōngren zhǐ jiāo shuǐdiànfèi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">13. A: Zhèrde gōngren </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yèyú</span><span class="font5"> shíjian xuexí shenme?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Tāmen xuexí </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mǎ-Liè Zhǔyì, </span><span class="font5">Mao </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǔxí zhùzuō,</span><span class="font5"> he hàozhǐ. Hái xuexí xiān-jìnde shēngchǎn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jǐshu</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">lb. A: Zhèige gōngchǎng shi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">'</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōngyè Xue Daqing</span><span class="font5">*de xiānjìn dānwèi ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B':</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Shìde, tāmen wèile fāzhǎn ’</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sǐge Xiàndàihuà</span><span class="font5">’ null gōngzuō•</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do the workers pay rent and water and electric fees?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The workers living in family dormitories pay. rent and water and electric fees; workers living in singles’ dormitories only pay water and electric fees.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What do the workers here study in the time after work?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They study Marxist-Leninist Principles, the works of Chairman Mao, and newspapers. They also study advanced production tèchniques.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Is this factory an advanced unit which ’In Industry Learns from Tach’ing’?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, they work hard in order to expand ’The Four Modernizations’.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">- (Not on tape) -</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chǎnliàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">amount of production</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jìhbù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to progress</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">jìshu rényuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">technician</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">bǎifēn zhī...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">...percent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for units of machnes)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chang bànde chǎnliàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">factory-run</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">amount of production</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dānrèn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to assume (a position or responsibilities )</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dānshēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">alone, single (of a person)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāgei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to give out, to distribute, to issue</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fángzū fèi fúlì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">rent (for a house) fee</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">benefits</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gèjí gōngfèi gōngfèi yīliáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">every level</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">free service (government-sponsored)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">government-sponsored (free)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">medical treatment</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">'Gōngye Xue Daqing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">’In Industry Learn from Tach’ing’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngzì gōngzuòfú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">wages</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">uniforms, work clothes</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">huŌchē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">huòchē zhìzàochǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">truck</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">truck manufacturing plant</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to pay, to hand over, to submit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiāshǔ jiātíng jǐchuáng jìnbù j ìnkōu jìnyibù jìshu jìshu rēnyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">family, household family, home machine tool to progress to import</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to make some progress skill, technique technician</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kuàngqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">mining area</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">liu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to keep someone or something, to stay, to remain</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">liūxialai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to leave behind, to leave over</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Mǎ-Liè zhǔyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Marxist-Leninist principles, Marxi sm-Lenini sm</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">mùqián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">at present, currently</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">niai-ch&nliàng nugōng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">null</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yearly production.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">female worker</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be industrious; hard work</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">she Ji shítáng shuǐdiànfèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">*SÌge Xiàndàihuà’ sùshè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to design, to plan dining hall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">water and electric fee ’The Four Modernizations’ dormitory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tuōérsuo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">nursery school</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yèyú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">outside one’s occupation, spare-time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yǐliáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">medicine, medical treatment</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhàn zhǐzào zhìzàochǎng zhǔxí zhǔyì zhùzuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to occupy (a portion of an amount to manufacture</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">manufacturing plant, factory</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chairman</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">principles, -ism</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">writings* works</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 8, Reference Notes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">1. A: Women jīntian qù cān-guānde gōngchǎng jiào shénme?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What is the factory which we are going to visit today called?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">It’s called the Shanghai Truck Manufacturing Plant.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Jiào Shànghǎi Huochē Zhìzàochǎng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huochē:</span><span class="font5"> ’truck’ (Not to "be confused with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huochē</span><span class="font5">, ’train’.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">2. A: Wǒ xiǎng tāmen gōngzuòde yídìng hěn nǔlì.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I think that they work very industriously.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. By 1958, through the hard work of the workers and cadres, this factory manufactured a four-ton truck.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shìde. Jīngguo gōngrende he gànbùde nǔlì, dào Yījiǔwǔbāniǎn, women zhèige chǎng zhìzàochéng sìdūn zhòngde huochē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǔlì</span><span class="font5">: ’to be industrious; hard work’ In the sentences above, the word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǔlì</span><span class="font5"> is first used as an adjectival verb and then as a noun. It may also be used as an action verb and as an adverb. Here is an example of each.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā zài nǔlì yidiar, jiù keyi If he works a little harder, he’ll xuéhǎo Zhōngwén. be able to learn Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women nǔlì xuéxí he gōngzuò. W<sup>T</sup>e study and work industriously.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuòde hěn nǔlì</span><span class="font5">: ’work very industriously’ Here’s another example of how adverbial expressions of manner are formed. The basic word order is:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Adjectival</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Action Verb Marker Verb Phrase</span><span class="font5">________</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">English</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngzuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">hěn nǔlì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">works industriously</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">kāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">tài kuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">drives too fast</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">The first sentence in No. 2 is actually a sentence within a sentence. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wō xiang</span><span class="font5"> takes another whole sentence for an object, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tāmen gōngzuòde yídìng hen null</span><span class="font5">. The word order of that embedded sentence is:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Subject Action Verb Marker Adjectival Verb Phrase</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tāmen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngzuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">-de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yídìng hěn nǔlì</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chang</span><span class="font5">: ’factory, plant’ This is short for </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngchǎng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhìzàochéng</span><span class="font5">: ’to succeed in manufacturing, to successfully manufacture’ This is another example of the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéng</span><span class="font5"> used in forming compound verbs. In Unit 3 you saw the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liáncheng</span><span class="font5">, ’to connect into, to connect to become’, where </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-cheng</span><span class="font5"> meant ’to become’. Here you see a second meaning for </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-chéng</span><span class="font5"> ’to succeed, to accomplish’. Another translation for the sentence above might be ’By 1958 ... this factory succeeded in manufacturing a four-ton truck*. Note that the ending </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-chéng</span><span class="font5"> meaning ’to become’ is optionally in the neutral tone, whereas the ending </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-chéng</span><span class="font5"> meaning ’to succeed, to accomplish’ always has a full second tone.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are examples of each meaning of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-chéng</span><span class="font5">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-chéng,</span><span class="font5"> ’to become’</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tā bǎ zhèige zì xiěcheng nèige zì le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā bǎ zhèige gǎicheng nèige le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-chéng,</span><span class="font5"> 'to succeed, to accomplish’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nèige gōngchǎng zuòchéngle yìzhōng xīnde shōubiǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hui kāichéngle meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">3. A: Xiànzài nīmen néng zhìzào duōshao dūnde huòchē?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yījiǔqīyīniǎn yòu jìnyibù, kéyi zhìzào sānshièr dūnde chē.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">He wrote that character for this character.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">She changed this into that.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That factory succeeded in producing a new kind of watch.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Did you succeed in having the meeting?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How heavy a truck are you able to build now?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1971 again we made some progress and were able to manufacture trucks weighing 32 tons.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3 </span><span class="font5">’to make some progress, to go a step further* Without means ’to progress, to make</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìnyibù</span><span class="font5">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the syllable </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yi</span><span class="font5"> inserted, this verb headway’.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāde Yīngwěn you jìnbù le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He has made some more progress with his English.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Tā you tíchulai jige xūyào jìnyibù gǎigede shēngchǎn wèntí.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">He brought up some more production problems which need reform.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">U. A: Nǐmen zhìzàode huòchē shi zài shenme dìfang yòngde?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Where are the trucks you build used?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shi zài kuàngqū yòngde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">They are used in mining areas.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuàngqū</span><span class="font5">: ’mining area’ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kuàng</span><span class="font5"> is the word for ’mine*, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-qū </span><span class="font5">is the syllable for ’region, area’ as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìqū</span><span class="font5">, ’region’, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiāoqū</span><span class="font5">, ’suburbs’, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìqū</span><span class="font5">, ’urban area’.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. A: Mùqiǎnde niǎnchǎnliàng shi duōshao?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yì qi ānwūbǎiduō 1i àng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">What is the yearly rate of production at present?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Over 1,500 trucks.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Notes on No. 5</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> mùqiǎn</span><span class="font5">: ’the present’ refer to the present, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mùqiǎn</span><span class="font5"> refers</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Mùqiǎn women chǎngde shēngchǎn shuǐpíng hǎi bú gòu gāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Mùqiǎn tāmende shuǐkùli hǎi yǒu hěn duō yu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiànzài wǒ yào hui jiā le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Xiànzài wǒ jiù zǒu.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Although both to</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mùqiǎn</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiànzài</span><span class="font5">, ’now* a wider period of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At present our factory’s production level isn’t high enough yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At present there are still a lot of fish in their reservoir.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m going home now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ll go right now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liàng</span><span class="font5">: ,This is the counter for not trains or planes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jiào yíliàng tuōchē lái, bǎ chēzi tuōdao xiūlichǎng qu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cars, trucks, carriages, etc., but</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Have a tow truck come and tow the car to the repair garage.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. A: Nǐmende jīchuáng shi zìjǐ zhìzàode hàishi jìnkǒude?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Women hái yǒu yìxiē Jiěfàng yǐqián liúxia-laide jīqi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Búguò xiànzài you jībù jīchuáng shi women zìjǐ shèjì zhìzàode.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do you manufacture machine tools yourselves or are they imported?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We still have some machines left from before Liberation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">But now we have several machine tools which we designed and manufactured ourselves.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jīchuáng</span><span class="font5">: ’machine tool, a machine which makes tools or other machines’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liúxialai</span><span class="font5">: ’to leave behind’ The verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liú</span><span class="font5"> means ’to keep someone or something, to stay, remain*. Here are some examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nǐ yào liú ge huàr ma? Would you like to leave a</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">message?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǒ jīntian liú ni chī fàn. Stay for dinner today.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The directional verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàlai,</span><span class="font5"> ’to come down’, has several meanings when used as part of a compound verb: 1) ’to come down and towards the speaker*, as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">náxialai</span><span class="font5">, ’to bring down’, 2) to show that the action of the main verb has resulted in a final or fixed state, as in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiěxialai,</span><span class="font5"> ’to write down’ or as here </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liúxialai,</span><span class="font5"> ’to leave behind’ For the first example, you need to know that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yánjiuyuàn</span><span class="font5"> is ’graduate school’.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Wo yào liúxialai, zhǔnbèi jin yánjiuyuàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zanmen liúxialai ba! Wǒ xǐhuan zhèige dìfang!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I’m going to stay behind and prepare to get into graduate school.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Let’s stay here! I like this place!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bù</span><span class="font5">: This is the counter for sets of books and units of machinery (for whole sets or whole bodies of things).</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">yíbù qìchē</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">yíbù jichuǎng yíbù jiqi yíbù zìdiǎn</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">one car</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">one machine tool</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">one machine</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">one set of dictionaries</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Notice that car, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qìchē</span><span class="font5">, can be counted by either </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-bù</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">liàng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. A: Nimen zhèige gōngchǎng you duōshao nùgōng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Nùgōng zhàn gōngrende bǎifēn zhi èrshisān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many women workers are there in this factory?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Women workers constitute 23 percent of the workers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhàn: ’to occupy a space or an area, to occupy a proportion of</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">an amount’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhànzhe xiàn ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zhěnggèr Gùgōng zhànde mianJi duō dà?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Měiguo nongyè rěnkǒu zhàn quǎn guo rěnkǒu bǎifēn zhí si.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">The line is busy!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much land does the whole area of the Imperial Palace occupy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The American rural population is four percent of the total national population.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎifēn zhi ...</span><span class="font5">: ’... percent’ Here’s how a more literal English</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">translation corresponds to the Chinese:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">• • •</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">percent</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">• • •</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">of | one hundred parts</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">I bǎifēn I zhi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">(English)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(literal English)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(Chinese)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">8. B: Tāmen yě dānrèn gèjí lǐngdǎo gōngzuò.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">They also take on leadership work at every level.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Note on No» 8</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> dānrèn</span><span class="font5">: ’to assume a position Tā bù neng dānrèn tai duō gōngzuò, tā shēntǐ bù hao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ta dānrèn līngdāo gōngzuò.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">or responsibilities*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">He can’t undertake too much work; his health is poor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">She is taking on leadership work.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">9. A: Gōngren dōu yǒu shénme fúlì?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Yǒu gōngfèi yìliáo, hái yǒu chang bànde tuōérsuǒ, yòuéryuán, shítáng, shénmede.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">10. A: Gōngrende gōngzuòfú shi gōngchāng fāgei tamende ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shide. Chule gōngzī yiwài gōngchāng hái fāgei tamen gōngzuòfú.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What benefits do the workers have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They have free medical treatment and also factory-run nurseries, kindergartens, dining halls, and so on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are the workers’ work clothes issued to them by the factory?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. In addition to wages, the factory also issues work clothes to them.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāgei</span><span class="font5">: ’to issue, to give out* Here you see another example of the verb </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi,</span><span class="font5"> ’to give* used in a compound verb. (You’ve also seen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēngei</span><span class="font5">, ’to distribute’ in Unit 6.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">11. A: Zhèige gōngchāng you gōngren sùshè ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: You, gōngren jiātíng dōu zhù jiāshǔ sùshè, méiyōu jiāde gōngren zhù dānshēn sùshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Does this factory have dormitories for the workers?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, workers’ families all live in family dormitories, those workers without families live in singles’ dormitories.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sùshè</span><span class="font5">: ’dormitory’ This refers to students’ dormitories as well as workers’ dormitories.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiātíng</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiāshǔ</span><span class="font5">: ’family’ and ’family members’, respectively. Although both of these words are translated as ’family’, in the sentence above, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">.jiatíng</span><span class="font5"> refers to the family unit, thè household, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiāshǔ</span><span class="font5"> refers collectively to the individuals in the family, the family members.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">12. A: Gōngren jiāo bu jiao fángzū he shuǐdiànfèi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Zhù jiāshǔ sùshède gōngren jiāo fángzū he shuǐdiànfèi, zhù dānshēn sùshède gōngren zhǐ jiāo shuǐdiànfèi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Do the workers pay rent and water and electric fees?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The workers living in family dormitories pay rent and -water and electric fees; workers living in singles’ dormitories only pay water and electric fees.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">13. A: Zhèrde gōngren yèyū shíjian xuéxí shénme?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Tāmen xuéxí Mǎ-Liè Zhǔyì, Mao Zhǔxí zhùzuò, hé bàozhǐ. Hái xuéxí xiān-jìnde shēngchǎn jìshu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">What do the workers here study in the time after work?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">They study Marxist-Leninist principles, the works of Chairman Mao, and newspapers. They also study advanced production techniques.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Ho. 13</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yèyū shíjian</span><span class="font5">: ’in the time after work’ Most people participate in study groups after work. As the exchange above indicates, the purpose of the study may vary. One important way of engaging in political study is the reading of the newspapers.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">principles’,</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Marxism-Leninism</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mǎ-Liè Zhǔyì</span><span class="font5">: ’Marxist-Leninist </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ma-Liè</span><span class="font5"> is short for </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mǎkèsǐ-Lièníng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">11*. A: Zhèige gōngchǎng shi ’Gōngyè Xué Dàqìng’de xiānjin dānwèi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B: Shìde, tāmen wèile fāzhǎn ’Sìge Xiàndàihuà’ nǔlì gōngzuè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Is this factory an advanced unit which ’In Industry Learns from Tach*ing’?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, they work hard in order to expand ’The Four Modernizations *.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">’Gōngyè Xue Daqing*</span><span class="font5">: ’In Industry Learn from Tach’ing* This is a slogan which came out in 1962. It encourages all who are involved in industry to learn from the model Tach’ing oilfields in Heilungkiang. This slogan is used as part of a three-part slogan:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nongyè Xue Dàzhài!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gōngyè Xue Dàqìng!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Quan Guo Xue Jiěfàngjūn!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In Agriculture Learn from Tachai! In Industry Learn from Tach’ing! Let the whole country learn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">from the Liberation Army!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">’Sìge Xiàndàihuà’</span><span class="font5">: ’The Four Modernizations’ This slogan refers to the need for modernization in four high-priority areas. These areas are agriculture, industry, scientific technology, and defense. The plan is to achieve a level of advancement which is on a par with the developed countries of the world by the year 2000.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 8, Tape 1 Review Dialogue</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1973 an American visits a Shanghai truck factory. One of the staff members of the factory introduces the factory’s situation and chats.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Wǒmen zhèige gōngchāng jiao Shanghai Huòchē Zhìzàochǎng. Zhèige chang Jiěfàng yǐqián jiù shi yíge xiūlichǎng. Jingguo gōngren, jìshu rényuán he gànbùde null, dào yījiǔwubā-nián wǒmen zhèige chang zhìzào-chéng sidun zhòngde huòchē. Dào yíjiǔliùjiǔnián kāishi shēngchǎn shíwǔdūn zhongde. yǐjiǔqīyīnián yòu jìnyibù, kéyi zhìzào sānshièrdūn zhòng kuàngqū yòngde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Meinián shēngchǎn duōshao • liàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Mùqiānde niǎnchǎnliàng shi yìqiānwubǎiduō liàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Nimende jīchuǎng shi zìjī zhìzàode háishi jìnkǒude?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Women hái yǒu xiē Jiěfàng yiqián liúxiǎlaide jiqi, būguò lǎo gōngren, jìshu rényuán zìjī yě shèjìle jīchuáng. Xiànzài yǒu jǐbù jīchuáng shi wǒmen zìjī shèjì zhìzàode. Deng yìhuīr nín kéyi kàndao. Women zhèige chǎng yǒu liǎngqiān zhígōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our factory is called the Shanghai Truck Manufacturing Factory. Before Liberation this factory, was just a repair plant. By 1958, through the hard work of the workers, technicians and cadres, this factory manufactured a h ton truck.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1969 <sup>we</sup> began to manufacture 15-ton trucks.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In 1971 again we progressed, being able to manufacture a 32 ton truck to be used in mining areas.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many do you produce every year?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At present the yearly production is more than 1500.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do you manufacture machine tools yourselves or are they imported?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">We still have some machines left from before Liberation, but the older workers and technicians have also designed machine tools themselves. Now we have several machine tools which we designed and produced ourselves. In a little while you can see them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Our plant has 2000 staff and workers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: You nùgōng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: You. Nugōng zhàn baifēn zhi èrshisān. Tāmen dou danrèn gè zhěng gōng-zùò.‘ Geií lingdǎo yě you nutōngzhì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Gōngren dōu you' shénme full?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Chule gōngzī yǐwài, gōngchǎng hái fāgéi tāmen gōngzuòfù, yōu gōngfèi yǐliáo, chang bànde tuōérsuō,yòuéryuán, shítáng shenmede.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Deng yìhuǐr nín dōu dài wo qù kànkan ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Shì, yě qing ni qù cānguān yixia gōngren sùshè, fǎngwèn gōngrende Jiātlng. You jiāde zhù jiāshǔ sùshè, méiyou jiāde zhù dānshēn sùshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Jiāo bu jiao fángzū?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">C:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiāo yìdiar. Jiāshǔ sùshè sānkuàiqián zuōyòu yíge yuè. Dānshēn sùshè jiù jiāo qībāmáoqiánde shuǐ-diànfèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Gōngren měige xǐngqī shàng jǐtiān ban?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Měige xíngqì liùtiān, měitiān bā xiǎoshí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Yě you xuéxí ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Are there women workers?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. Women workers constitute 23 per cent. They take on all kinds of work. There are also female comrades at every level of leadership.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What benefits do the workers have?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In addition to wages, the factory gives them uniforms, government-sponsored free medical treatment, factoryrun nurseries, kindergartens, dining halls, and so on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In a while will you take me to see all of it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, and we’ll ask you to tour the workers* dormitories, and to visit the workers’ households. Those who have families live in family member dormitories; those who don’t live in the singles’ dormitory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do they pay rent?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, a little. Family member dormitories are about $3 a month. In singles’ dormitories, they only pay a water and electric fee of seventy or eighty cents.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many days a week do the workers work?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Six days a week, eight hours a day.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">And is there study, too?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Yǒu, měi xǐngqī you sìcì yeyu xuéxí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A: Tāmen dōu xuéxí shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">C: Měixingqī yǒu liangcì xuéxí xiānjìnde jìshU, you liangcì xuéxí Mǎ-Liè zhǔyì, Mao Zhǔxí zhùzuò, huòzhě bàozhī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Zenmeyàng women xian qù canguān? Canguān yihòu, hai yǒu shenme wèntí zài tact an, hǎo bu hao?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, four times a week there is after-work study.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">And what do they study?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Twice a week they study advanced technology. Twice a week they study Marxist-Leninist principles, the writings of Chairman Mao, or the newspapers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How about if we first go visit it? After we visit, if there are any other questions, we can talk some more, okay?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Okay.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 8\ Tape 2 Workbook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">This exercise is a revuew of the reference list sentences in this</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All sentences from the sentence list will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise a foreign student in China talks with a friend about his visit to the Wuhan Iron and Steelworks, and describes what he saw in the plant, and such things as workers’ benefits, etc.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you might want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on page 193 as you listen to it a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Wuhan Dàxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Wuhan University</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Wǔhàn Gangtie Chang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">jīxiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to mechanize</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gāolú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">blast furnace</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zídònghuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to automate</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chǎngzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">director of a factory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chējiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">workshop</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngzuòmào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">workhats, helmets</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">láodòng bǎohù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">worker’s insurance</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chanj ià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">maternity leave</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">wèinǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">to nurse, to feed milk</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yǐnèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">within</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">píngdeng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">. equality</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">nánnū píngdeng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">equality of the sexes</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise the Chinese representative, after having spoken about the</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">factory where he works, in American factories. The American factory in Pennsylvania.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation once time and turn to page 193 and answer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Here are the new words and conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shǔjià</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fǎngzhíchǎng sānbān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sānbān dǎode gōngchāng zìdònghuà xīnshui jiābān qīng gōngzuò yíyào bǎoxiǎn gōnglì yòuéryuán mǎ</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">asks the American visitor to talk about the situation then describes the details of a textile</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">straight through, then listen a second the questions.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">phrases you will need to understand this</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">summer vacation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">textile factory three shifts</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a factory with three changing shifts to automate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">salary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to add extra work, to work overtime light work medical insurance public kindergarten</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yard (unit of measurement)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">In this exercise a foreign student talks with a Chinese student about her visit to the Shanghai watch factory. Afterwards they decide to have dinner together.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then on the second time through answer the questions found on page 19U .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">For this exercise you will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shǒubiǎo wrist watch</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">quēfá to lack</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōngjù tools</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gànjìn vigor, energy, enthusiasm for work</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">jìxù</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">to continue</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Sūlián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Soviet Union</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhìqì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">will, ambition</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zuànshí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">diamond</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">chējiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">workshop</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Mǎkèsī-Lièníng zhǔyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Marxist-Leninist principles</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">hǎoxiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to resemble, as if</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for watches)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will "be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Describe the size of the Wuhan Iron and Steelworks.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. When was the Wuhan Iron and Steelworks built?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Why does Blast Furnace Number U make an impression on the visitor?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">h. Does a heavy industry factory like the Wuhan Iron and Steelworks have only male workers?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. What kind of benefits do the workers get?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. Is there discrimination against women in the plant?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. Where do the workers live?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. Do all the workers pay rent? If not, which do and which do not?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After answering these questions yourself, take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 195 , then listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. How does the speaker know about the situation of a textile factory?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. How large was the factory?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. Were there shift rotations in the factory? How many workers were on each shift?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">Was. production automated in the factory? Did this affect the type of work that women workers did?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. How much did the workers earn?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. What sort of benefits did the izor^e^® have and which did they lack?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">7. Where did the workers live?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">8. What was the yearly production of the factory?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions, take a look at the translation for this dialogue found on page 197 • You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">1. Where did the foreign student visit?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">2. Was the factory always a watch factory? When did they begin to manufacture watches?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">3. What were the watches they first produced like?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">U. When did the quality of the watches improve?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font5">5. How many workers are there in the factory?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font5">6. Do the workers participate in study after work? If so, what do they study?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font5">After having answered these questions, look on page 199 for the translation to this dialogue, then listen again to the conversation to help you practice saying your answers orally.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and. Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Jīntian women qù canguān </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wuhan Dàxué</span><span class="font5"> zenme méi kànjian nī?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wǒ yǒu yíge péngyou dài wo qù kàn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wuhan Gangtie Chang</span><span class="font5"> qù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Wuhàn Gāngtiě Chang dà bu da?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hen dà. Quán chǎng zhígōng yígòng you liùwànduō ren. Chǎngli you yíge dàxué, sìge zhōngxuě, wǔshiduōge xiǎoxué. yòuéryuán, hé tuoérsuǒ. Hái you shāngdiàn, càishichǎng, shénmede. Jiù xiàng yíge xiǎo chéng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Eng, hěn yǒu yìsi. Nī néng bu neng gěi wo duo JiǎngyiJiǎng nārde qíngkuàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: HSo. Wǔhàn Gāngtiě Chǎng shi Jiěfàng yīhòu YīJiǔwusānnián cái kāishī Jiànzhùde, xiànzài shengchǎn gāngtiě hé </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jīxiè</span><span class="font5">. Women cānguānle DÍsìhào </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gāolǔ</span><span class="font5">. Shi Zhongguo zìjī zhìzàochulaide. Bī dìyī, èr, sānhào gāolú dà yíbèi. Shēngchǎn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zidònghuà</span><span class="font5">. Zhī you wǔliùge gōngren zài nàli gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How come we didn’t see you when we went to visit Wuhan University today?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">A friend of mine took me see the Wuhan Iron and Steelworks.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Is the Wuhan Iron and Steelworks large?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes it is. In the whole plant there are over 60,000 staff and workers. In the plant there is a university, four middle schools, and over fifty elementary schools, kindergartens, and nurseries. There are also stores, a market, and so on. It's Just like a little city.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hm, very interesting. Can you tell me some more about the situation there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. The Wuhan Steelworks wasn’t started until after Liberation, in 1953. Now it produces iron and steel and machinery. We visited Blast Furnace Number U. It was manufactured in China itself. It’s twice as big as Blast Furnaces Numbers 1, 2, or 3. Production is automated. ’ There were only five or six workers working there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wuhan Gāngtiě Chǎng shi yige zhòng gongyè gōngchǎng. Jo yīqián xiǎng gōngren yīnggāi dōu shi nánde. Kěshi dàole nàli </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chǎngzhǎng</span><span class="font5"> gàosu women gōngrgnlǐ yǒu bǎifēnzhīsìshí shi nūgōng. Wo zài yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chējiān </span><span class="font5">kànjian liǎngge hěn gāode rén zài ban zhòng dōngxi. Tāmen dōu chuānzhe gōngzuòfú, dàizhe </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuòmào</span><span class="font5">. Wǒ xiǎng tāmen yídìng shi nánde. Hòulái gēn tāmen shuohuà, cái fāxiàn tāmen shi nude.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Wuhan Steelworks is a heavy industry factory. I used to think that workers should all be men. But when we got there the plant director told us that forty percent of the workers were women. In a workshop I saw two tall people moving heavy things. They were both wearing work clothes and had work helmets on. I thought for sure they were men. It was not until we talked with them after-' wards that 1 discovered tney were women.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Gōngrende fúlì bànde hěn hǎo. Chule gōngzī yǐwài you </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">láodòng bǎohù</span><span class="font5">; kàn blng, chī yào, shēng háizi, zhù yīyuàn dōu bú yào qián. Nugōng shēng háizi you wǔshiliù tian </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chǎnjià</span><span class="font5">. Shàng ban yīhòu ruguo mama zìjī </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèinǎi</span><span class="font5">, zài háizi yísuì </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">vīnèi </span><span class="font5">měitiān hái gěi tamen yíge xiǎoshíde wèinǎi shíjian.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">The workers benefits are handled very well. Besides their wages there is insurance, so they don’t have to pay when they see a doctor, get medicine, have children, or go to the hospital. When a woman worker has a baby she gets 56 days of maternity leave. After she goes back to work, if the mother herself nurses, she is also given an hour of nursing time everyday for the child’s first, year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nùgōng dānrèn gèjí gōngzuò, yǒude yě dānrèn lǐngdǎo gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tāmen zài zhèngzhishang, jīngjishang he wénhuàshang dou zuòdaōle </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nánnu píngděng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The female workers take on work at every level; some also take on leadership work. They have achieved equality of the sexes in politics, economics and culture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Gōngren zhùde dìfang zěnmeyàng? Nī kànle meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wo kànle. Gōngren dōu zhùzai sùshèli. You jiāshùde zhù jiāshǔ sùshè, méiyou jiāshùde zhù dānshēn sùshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Tāmen yào bu yao jiao fángzù?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">What are the workers living quarters like? Did you see them?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes. The workers all live in dormitories. Those with families live in family dormitories, and those without families live in the single persons’ dormitories.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Do they have to pay rent?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Zhù jiāshǔ sùshède yào jiāo, kěshi jiāode hěn shǎo. Měige yuè sānsìkuai qián. Zhù dānshēn sùshède měige yuè jiù jiāo jīmáo qiánde shuīdiàn fèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Xièxie ni gàosu wo zhènme duō guānyu Wǔhàn Gāngtiě Chǎngde qíngkuàng. Zhēn kěxī wǒ mei néng gēn ni yìqī qù. Guò liǎngtiān wǒ xīwang tāmen gěi wo ānpái yixia. Wǒ yě xiǎng qù cānguān cānguān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Those who live in the family dormitories do, but they pay very little. Three or four dollars per month. Those who live in the single persons’ dormitories only pay a few dimes’ worth of water and electric fees every month.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Thanks for telling me so much about the Wuhan Iron and Steelworks. It’s too bad the I couldn’t go with you. I hope they’ll arrange it for me in a couple of days. I’d like to go visit there too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Nǐ cānguānle hěn duō wǒmende gōngchāng. Women yě xiang zhīdao nǐmen Měiguo gōng-chǎngde qíngkuàng. Nǐ qùguo gōngchāng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">You’ve visited a lot of our factories We would also like to know about your factories in America. Have you been to any factories?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Guānyu Měiguo gōngchǎngde qíngkuàng wo zhīdaode bù duō. Kěshi wǒ zài shàng dàxuéde shíhou, yǒu yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shùjià</span><span class="font5"> wǒ zài Bínzhōu yíge </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎngzhīchǎng </span><span class="font5">gōngzuòle liǎngge yuè. Wo zhǐdao yìxiē nèige gōng-chǎngde qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hao. Hěn hǎo. Nǐ néng bu neng gàosu wǒ yixia nèige gōngchǎngde qíngkuàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Hǎo. Nèige fǎngzhīchǎng miànji dàgài you sānwànwǔqiānduō píngfāngchǐ. Shi yíge èr-shisì xiǎoshí </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sānbānd</span><span class="font5">ǎode gōngchāng. Měi yìbān you wùbǎiduōge gōngren. Yígōng jiù shi yìqiānliùbǎiduō gōngren.<sub>w</sub>Gōngrenlǐ sǎnfěn zhī èr shi nùgōng. Gongchāng shěng-chǎn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zìdōnghuà</span><span class="font5">. Jīqi dōu shi women Měiguo shèjì zhìzàode. Gōngrende </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐnshui</span><span class="font5"> píngjūn měi xiǎoshí sìkuai wùmao-qiān. Tāmen yíge xīngqī gōngzuō wǔtiān, yě jiù shi gōngzuō sìshi xiǎoshí. Ruguo </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiābān</span><span class="font5"> jiù gěi yíbèi bànde qian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Nùgōng shi bu shi dānrèn gèjí gōngzuō?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I don’t know a lot about the situation in American factories. But when I was in college, I worked for two months in a textile factory in Pennsylvania one summer vacation. I know a little about the </span><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">situation in </span><span class="font5">that factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Good, very good. Can you tell me about the situation there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. The area of the textile factory was 35,000 square feet. It was a factory with three rotating shifts operating twenty-four hours. There were over 500 workers on each shift; altogether there were 1,600 workers. Two thirds of the workers were women. The production of the factory was automated. The machines were all designed and manufactured in America. A worker’s salary was on the average four dollars and fifty cents an hour. They worked five days a week, or forty hours. They received time and a half for overtime.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Did women workers do all levels of work?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Bu shi. Yīnwei yǒu jíqì, shēngchǎn zìdōnghuà, nùgōng zhǐ zuō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐng gōngzuō</span><span class="font5">. Zhōngde gōngzuò dōu shi nan gōngren zuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">No, because there were machines and production was automated, the female workers only did the lignt work. Heavy work was all done by male workers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Gōngrende full zěnmeyàng? You </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīyào</span><span class="font5"> bǎoxiǎn, sùshè, shítáng, tuōérsuō, yòuéryuán, shénmede ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Gongrende yīyào bǎoxiǎnfèi gōngchǎng gěi bǎifēn zhī wǔshí. Gōngren méiyōu sùshè, shítáng, tuōérsuō, yòuéryuán, shenmede. Háizi dàole wǔsuì Jiù kéyi shàng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōnglì</span><span class="font5"> yòuéryuán. Gōngren ruguo zài gōngzuòde shíhou shòushǎng, tāmen bù gōngzuò yě kéyi ná xīnshuí. Youde shíhou gōngrende jiāshù yě zài nèige gōngchǎngli gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Nèige gōngchǎng niánchǎnliàng shi duōshao?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Nèige shíhou dàgài shi sānbǎi-liùshíduowànmǎ. Zhèixiē liàozi zhuyào shi guonèi yòng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How are the workers’ benefits? Are there medical insurance, dormitories, dining halls, nurseries, kindergartens, and so on?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Fifty percent of the workers’ insurance fees are payed by the factory. The workers don’t have dormitories, dining halls, nurseries, kindergartens, and so on. When the children reach five years old they can attend the public kindergarten. If workers are injured on the Job, they receive their salary without working. Sometimes members of the worker’s family also work in the factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How much was the yearly production of the factory?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At that time, it was about 3,600,000 yards. The fabrics were mainly for use within the country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Nīmende gōngchǎng gēn wěmende gōngchǎng you hěn duō dìfang bú yíyàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Duì le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Nī yào xiūxi yìhuīr ba. Wo liǎngdiǎn zhōng zài lái zhǎo ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">There are a lot of differences between your factories and ours.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Why don’t you rest awhile. I’ll come back for you at two o’clock.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Jīntian nī dào nǎli cānguān Where did you go visit today?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">qu. le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Wo dào Shànghǎi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shoùbiǎoc</span><span class="font5">hǎng I went to the Shanghai watch qu cānguān qu le. factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">A:</span><span class="font5"> Zhèige gongchǎng. zěnmeyàng? What’s it like?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Guīmo hù xiǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: NĪ néng bu néng gei wo shuo nàrde qīngkuàni? ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Hǎo. ...Tāmen gàosu wo, Jiěfàng yīqiǎn Zhōngguo bú huì shēngchǎn shōubiǎo. Shoubiǎo dōu shi jìnkǒude. Yījiǔwǔwǔniǎn Shànghǎi Shōu-biǎochǎng chénglìde shíhou, zhī you wǔshiduōge huì xiūli shōubiǎode jìshu rényuǎn zài yìqī shìzhe shēngchǎn shōu-biǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">It*s pretty large-scale.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Can you tell me about the situation there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">All right. ...They told me that before Liberation China could not produce watches. All watches were imported. In 1955, when the Shanghai Watch Factory was established, there were only fifty or so watch-repair Technicians who, together, tried to produce watches</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shoubiǎo hěn bù rongyi zuō. Zài </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">quēfǎ</span><span class="font5"> jìshu, quēfǎ </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngjù</span><span class="font5">, quēfǎ cǎiliàode qíngkuàng xià jiù gèng kùnnan,kěshi gōngrén-men </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gànj in</span><span class="font5"> hěn dà, zài Yījiǔ-wSwǎniǎn Shíyue jiù shēngchǎnle shíliùge shoubiǎo. Tāmen zìjī yě shuō zhèixiē shoubiǎo bú tài hǎo. Fàngzai zhuōzishang huì zou, dàizai shoushang jiù bú huì zōu le. Búguò gōng-renmen </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìxù</span><span class="font5"> nulì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Watches aren’t easy to make.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Working under the conditions where they lacked technical skills, tools, and materials, it was even more difficult. But the workers had a lot of enthusiasm for the work. In October of 1955 they produced only sixteen watches. They themselves said the watches weren't too good. They would run if they were left on a table. But if you put them on your wrist, then they wouldn’t go any more. But the workers kept on working hard.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Dào Yījiúwúbǎniàn shengchǎn-chulaide shoubiǎo, jiù hǎo duo le, chǎnliàng yě duō le. Kěshi zài zhèige shíhou hěn duō cáiliào hái děi jìnkōu. Zhuyào cong </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suliǎn</span><span class="font5"> jìnkōu. Yījiuliùlíng-niǎn Suliǎn bú zài bǎ zhèixiē dōngxi màigei Zhōngguo. Kěshi Zhōngguo gōngrén yōu </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhìqì</span><span class="font5">, mǎibudàp jiù zìjī zu$. Zhī shi shoubiǎoli nèi xiǎoxiǎode </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuànshí </span><span class="font5">yě yōngle yìniǎnduŌde shíjian</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">By 1958, the watches being produced were much better, and the quantity of production was also raised. But at that time they still had to import a lot of materials, mainly from the Soviet Union. In i960 the Soviet Union stopped selling these things to China, but the Chinese workers were ambitious. Since they couldn’t buy them, they made them themselves. It took over a year</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">cái zhìzàochulai. Yijiǔ-liùliùnián shǒubiao nián-chǎnliàng shi jiǔshiwàn zhī. Yījiǔqīlíngnián </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tígāod</span><span class="font5">ao liǎngbǎiwàn zhī. Xiànzài zhèige shoubiāochangde hěn duō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chējiān</span><span class="font5"> dōu zìdōnghuà le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Mùqiǎn tāmen you duōshao gōngren?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Mùqiǎn tāmen you sānqiān-liùbǎiduō zhígōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Wo cānguānguo hěn duō gōng-chǎng. Zhígōngmen dōu you yèyu. xuexí. Zhèige changde zhígōngmen yě you yèyu xuexí ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: You. Tāmende mùdi shi yào jìnyibù tígāo jìshu. Tāmen yě xuexí zhèngzhi. Zhǔyào shi xuexí Mǎkèsī-Lièníng zhuyì he Mao Zhuxí zhuzuo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Hen bú cuò. Nī jiangde zhènme qīngchu, wō </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">haoxiàng </span><span class="font5">qīnyan kànjianle yíyàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Nī chīguo wǎnfàn le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">M: Meiyōu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">F: Nà women yìqī qù chī ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">just to manufacture the little diamond in the watch. In 1966 the yearly production of watches was 900,000. In 1970 it was up to 2,000,000. Now a lot of the workshops in the watch factory are automated.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">How many workers do they have at present ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">At present they have over 3,600 staff members and workers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I’ve visited a lot of factories. The staff members and workers all have outside study. Do the staff and workers of this factory have outside study too?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yes, they do. Their goal is to make some progress in raising technology. They also study politics, most importantly Marxism-Leninism and the works of Chairman Mao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">That’s pretty good. You’ve explained it so clearly, it’s as if I had seen it myself.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Have you had dinner yet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">No.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Then let’s go eat together, okay?</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">K a</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a aǐ ài àikèsí guāng àiren Alǐshān àn an Jndàluè an guTju ǎnjìng ānpǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Oh!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(intonation carrier) to be short to love</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">x-ray spouse Mt. Ali to press according to Ontario according to regulations to be peaceful to arrange, to settle</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ānpàihǎo le ānquán ǎnshān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">successfully arranged safety</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the name of a city in Manchuria which is an industrial center</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ànzhào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ǎyí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">according to auntie</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">bǎ bá ba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">eight</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to extract, to pull</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for things with handles)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(object marker)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ba ba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">(statement softener) (imperative softener), let’s</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">baba</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Bǎbǎo Fan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Bádàlǐng (Bādàlǐng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">papa, dad</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Eight Jewel Rice</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Pataling, area northwest of</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Peking where the Great Wall is located</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-bǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bāicǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bǎifēn zhī...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bǎihuò dàlóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">hundred</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be white cabbage</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">...percent department store</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for trips of regularly scheduled vehicles)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-ban ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">class (of students) to move (a thing with</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">both hands)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ban ban ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">half past the hour and a half</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to manage, to handle, to do, to take care of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ban___</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bànfa</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bang mǎng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bǎngōngshì(-shǐ)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">half of a____</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">method, way to help to help office</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">bāngzhu ban jiā bānlài bānqù bànshìchù bǎnyè bǎo bāo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bào (yífèn) bāobīng bǎocun bǎoguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to help; aid</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to move one’s residence</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to move back and forth</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">office</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">midnight</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be satisfied (from eating) to explode</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">newspaper</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">thin wheat pancake to preserve, to keep to safeguard, to put</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">in safekeeping</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bāoguǒ bǎohù bàoqiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">package</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to protect; insurance</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be sorry (for not fulfilling one’s own social resposibilities)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bǎoxiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to protect by insurance to insure</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bǎoxiǎngǎng ' bǎoyǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">bumper</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have a maintenance checkup</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bàozhǐ (yífèn) baozi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">newspaper</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">steamed rolls made of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bread dough with a filling of meat and/or vegetables, or sweet bean paste</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Báyue (Bǎyue)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">August</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">times, -fold (i.e., threefold)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bei bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">north</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">by (indicating the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">bèibù bèifang Beijing Fàndiàn BèijIngshi Bèijīngshìqū BèijIng Zhǎnlǎnguǎn bēishí bèitāi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Bèitóu Shēngchǎn Daduì -bèn(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">northern part northern area Peking Hotel Municipality of Peking city of Peking</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Peking Exhibition Hall commemorative stone tablet spare tire</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Peit’ou Production Brigade volume (counter of books and magazines)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bènshì bǐ (yìzhī) bì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-bian(r) biàn biǎncheng biànfǎn biànsùqì biǎo (yìzhāng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">this city pen compared with side, edge to change to change into simple, informal meal gear shift form, application</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">biǎoyan biǎozhùn bìchú bìchúli bié biě biě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to give a demonstration level or standard closet, wall chest in the closet don’t</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be dented</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be flattened, to be sunken (of a tire)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">biéde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">other, another, different</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">biéde dìfang biéde shíhou bié kèqi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">another place</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">another time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">don’t be formal, don’t stand on ceremony</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">biéren</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bìjī^</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bǐjiǎo (bǐjiào)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">another person, someone else serge comparatively, relatively</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bìng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bǐnggān bìngfáng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bīngkuài(r) (yíge) bìngxiāng bìyè bǐyibǐ béwuguan bōxuē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to become ill cookies infirmary room ice cube refrigerator to graduate to compare museum</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to exploit; exploitation (counter for cars or buses);</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for units of machines)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bù/bú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bú bì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bú cuò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bú dà hǎomǎi búdàn...yě... bùfen búguò bù hao yìsi bú kèqi bùpiào bù qiǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cotton cloth not</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">not necessary, don’t not bad, that’s right not very easy to buy not only ... but also... part, portion but, however to be embarrassing you’re welcome cotton ration coupon untimely, innoportune,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">"I couldn’t make that”</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bú shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">not to be</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">20U</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bù shūfu bú xiè bú yào bù yídìng bú yòng bú zài le bù zenme bùzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">not to feel well don’t mention it don’t</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">it’s not definite no need to to be deceased not especially minister (of a government</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">organi zat ion)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bùzhi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">interior decor</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">cā cái cài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to wipe</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">then and only then, not until food, dishes of cooked food, main dishes</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">càidānzi (yìzhang) cáifengdiàn cáiliào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cǎisè càishìchang cānchē canguān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">menu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tailor shop materials color, colored market</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dining car</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to observe, to visit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">cānj iā canting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-céng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to attend, to participate in dining room</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for floors of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">buildings)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cèsuo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chá chá</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chábei chàbuduō chaidiào cháng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chang bànde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">toilet</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tea</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to look up (information)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to lack, before the hour teacup</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">almost, about, approximately to tear down</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to taste, to savor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">factory</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">factory-run</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chángchang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">often</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Changchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chang gēr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to sing</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Changlíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">The Ch’ang Tomb</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Changpíng Xian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Ch’angping county (north of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Peking)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chǎngzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">director of a factory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chǎnjià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">maternity leave</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chǎnliàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">amount of production</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cháo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to, towards</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">fried, to fry, saute</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cháodǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dynasty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chǎo miàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fried noodles</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cháoshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be humid</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chǎo sù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to speed, to exceed the</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">speed limit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cháyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tea leaves</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chāzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fork</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">a bus, any wheeled vehicle</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chēfang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">garage</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chēhuo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">car accident</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chēj iǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">workshop</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chēmén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">car door</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">city</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to become</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéngJi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">achievement</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéngli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">in the city</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chénglì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to establish</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéngqiáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">defense wall, city wall</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chènshǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shirt</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chéngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">city</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chēshēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">car body</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chētóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">car hood</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to eat</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to take (medicine)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">a Chinese foot (unit of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">measurement)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chibuzháo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">can’t find to eat</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Chldelái ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Is it all right for</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">you (to eat)?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chi fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to eat, to have a meal</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">chij iǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">barefoot; to go barefoot</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chìjiǎo yīsheng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">’barefoot doctor’</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chōngfèn chōuti chōutili chū chuān chuān Chuān Cāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fully drawer in the drawer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">.to exit to wear boat, ship Szechuan School of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chinese Cooking</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chuāng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chuàng (zhuàng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">bed</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to bump into, to collide with</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chuànghuài le chuāngzào chuāngzàolì chū chai chùchù chūfāng chūjí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be damaged to create creative ability, creativity to go on a business trip everywhere kitchen beginning stage, elementary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">level .</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chukǒu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chūkou gongsǐ chūlai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chūle...yǐwǎi chùlǐ (chǔlǐ) chū men</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to export</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">export company</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to come out, to appear aside from, in addition to to handle, to manage</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to go out, to go out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">of town</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chūntian chūqu chū shi chūtū wénwù.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">spring</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to go out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have an accident</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">archaeological find, archaeological object</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chūtū wénwù zhǎnlǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">exhibition of archaelogical finds</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">chùzhǎng chūzūqìche</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-Cl cōng cong</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Cōngbāo Niūrou cōngming cóngqián cù cuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">division chief taxi (Peking) occasion, time scallion from</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Beef with Spring Onions to be intelligent before, previously vinegar to make a mistake, to be wrong</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dǎ dǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to make to hit</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dà dàchén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to he large</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chief statesman, high minister</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dādao</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">da diànhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to make a phone call to to make a phone call, to telephone</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">brigade, as in production brigade</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàduoshù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">the great majority-</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàfàndiàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dàgài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Dàhuá Canting dài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">hot el</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">probably, approximately Great China Restaurant to bring, to bring with one to carry on one’s body, to wear, to take with one</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dài biǎo dàibiǎotuán dàifu Dàhuá Canting dàjiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to wear a watch delegation doctor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Great China Restaurant everyone</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dàjiē dākāi Dàli Jiē dàlǐtáng dàlou dàmen(r) dàmén(r) dang dāngmiàn dāngrán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">boulevard to open Dali Street (Taipei) auditorium building entrance gate party (political) in person, face to face naturally, of course</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dānrèn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to assume (a position or responsibilities)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dānrenfáng dānshēn dànshi dānwèi dānzi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">single room</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">alone, single (of a person) but, however unit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ticket, note</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for a course of a meal)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dào dào dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to arrive to, towards route, path</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dào xǐ dǎoyou dāozi da qì dǎqìtǒng dàren dàshǐ dàshì dàshiguǎn dǎsuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to congratulate tourist guide knife</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to add air</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">air pump adult</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ambassador</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">important affairs embassy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to plan to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dating</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to inquire about, to ask about</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Datong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tat’ung, a city in northern Shansi Province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Datong Rénmín Gōngshè dàxué dàxuéshēng dàyī dàyuē da yùfáng zhēn Dàzhài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Tat’ung People’s Commune university college student overcoat approximately, about to give innoculations Tachai (the name of a model commune)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dǎ zhēn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-de</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-de</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-de-dé -deduō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">De guo děi dēng děng dēngj ì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to give an injection (possessive marker) (marker of modification) to be able to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to get, to obtain</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">more (following a verb) Germany</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">must</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">light, lamp</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to wait, to wait for</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to register, (at a hotel, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dēngjìzhèng děngyiděng deng yìhuǐr děngyú.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">car registration to wait a moment in a while</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be equal to, to be equivalent</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-de shíhou</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Déwen dì-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">when</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">German language</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">used in forming cardinal numbers (i.e., </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìyī</span><span class="font5">, ’the first’)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-diǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">ground, earth</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for hours on the clock)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">diǎn(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">a little, some</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dian diàn diànbào Diànbào Dàlou diànhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to order</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">palace, hall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">telegram</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Telegraph Building (Peking) telephone; phone call</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">diànhuàbù diànhuà hàomǎ(r) diànlíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">phone directory telephone number a buzzer, an electric bell</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">diànshàn diànshì diàntī diànxin (yíkuài) diànyǐng(r) diànyǐngyuàn dìdi dìèrtiān dìfang dìli ding</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">electric fan television elevator</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pastries, snacks movie</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">movie theater younger brother the next day a place in the fields to reserve, to order</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dìnghāo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to have successfully reserved</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Dìnglíng ding yìzhuō xí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Ting Tomb</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to reserve a table for a dinner party</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dìqu díquèliáng dìtǎn (yìzhāng) dìtú (yìzhāng) diū dìxià dìxià huochē dìxià xíngren dào dìxíng dìyīcì (dìyícì) Dìyī Gongsī dìzhǐ dìzhu dong dong dong dōnghēi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">area dacron</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rug map to lose underground underground train, subway pedestrian underground walkway terrain, topography the first time The First Company address landlord east to understand to move northeast</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Dōngběi dōngbian(r) Dōngdān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Manchuria east side (the name of a neighborhood in Peking)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Dongfeng Rénmín Gōngshè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Dongfeng Shìchǎng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Dōnggua Zhōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">East Wind People’s Commune</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Dongfeng Market</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Winter Melon Soup served in the carved melon shell</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Dōngmén Canting dōngnán dōngtian dōngxi dòngwuyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">East Gate Restaurant southeast winter things zoo</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">dōu dòufu dòuf u lǔ dòuj iāng dòuzi -duan duǎn duì duì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">all, both.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">soy bean curd fermented bean curd sauce soy bean milk, soy milk beans •</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">block, section to be short to be correct for, with respect to, from the point of view of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">duì duìbuqǐ duì le duìmiàn(r) duì...shōuxi dùjià -dun dun -duō duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">team, as in production team I’m sorry, excuse me yes, that’s right across from, facing to be familiar with to take leave (counter for a meal) ton over, more than to be more, to be many, to be much</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">duōbàn(r) duo dà duōde duō duō jiǔ duome duōshao duōshao hào duō yuan dùzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">most of, the greater part of how old much, more how long how...!, so...!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">how much, how many what size (shoe) how far stomach</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">è</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be hungry</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Éméi Canting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Omei Restaurant</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(a restaurant in Taipei)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Èng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Umm, Mum (actually pronounced Ng or Mm)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">èr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">A</span><span class="font5"> . w erqie Èryue erzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">two and, moreover February son</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fā chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to depart (from the first terminal of the train route</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fādá fādòng fāgei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be developed</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to start</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to give out, to distribute to issue</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāhuī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to cause to develop, to stimulate the development of a skill or quality</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fákuān fákuāndān fan fāncheng fan cuòwu fàndiàn -fang fángbèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to fine, to issue a fine ticket, a fine (cooked) rice to translate into to commit an offense hotel place, region, area to be on guard (against),</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take precaution against</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāngbian fàng j ià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be convenient</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take time off for a holiday</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fángjiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">room</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāngmiàn (fāngmiàn) fángqián fànguǎnzi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fànguār</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fǎngwèn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">aspect, side room rental fee restaurant (Taipei) restaurant (Peking) to visit, to pay a formal</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāngxīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">visit to a person to put one’s mind at ease, to be unworried</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fāngzai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to put (someplace, i.e., at,</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">in, on)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fǎngzhīchǎng fangzū fangzi fànhou fànqián fānqié fanting fànwǎn fanyi fāshēng fā shǎo Fǎwen (Fàwen) fāxiàn fāyīn fāzhǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">textile factory rent (for a house) house after meals before meals tomato dining room rice bowl interpreter; to translate to happen, to occur to have a fever French language to discover pronunciation to develop, to grow, to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">expand; development</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fēi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fèi fēicháng fēijī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to fly fee especially, extremely airplane</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">fēij"chang féizào (yíkuài) -fen</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-fēn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-fèn(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">airport</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">soap</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a minute</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">copy (counter for magazine or newspaper)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fēn fēndào -fēng fēng fēngei fēn hong fēngjǐng fēngshàn Fēngzéyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to divide</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to divide</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for a letter) wind</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to give a share to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to distribute profits scenery fan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(the name of a restaurant in Peking)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">fēnjī fens I Fóxiàng fǔbài Fùguì Jī fùjìn (fǔjìn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">telephone extension cellophane noodles Buddhist statues to be corrupt Beggar’s Chicken area, neighborhood,</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">vicinity</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">full fùmù fùnù fùqin fùren fúwùshēng fúwùtái fùyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">benefits parents women father</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Mrs., Madame (Peking) attendant service desk side-line occupation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">gāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">should, ought to, it’s about time to...</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gāi gāidao gāigé gāiliáng gāiwéi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to change</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to change to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to reform; reform</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to improve</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to convert into,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to turn into, to change into</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gànbù gànbufú gānbuhuílai gānbushàng gang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">cadre</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cadre suit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">can’t rush back in time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">can’t catch up to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">just (immediately preceding in time)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gāngcái gànjìn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">just now, a short time ago</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">vigor, energy, enthusiasm for work</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">gānjìng (gānjing)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gānshāo Míngxiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be clean, to be neat Dry-Cooked Jumbo Shrimp</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">gànxǐ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gān yìbēi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Szechuan Style</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to dry-clean</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to drink a glass (literally</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">gāo gāo gāojí gāoliang jiù gāolú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gàosong (gàosu) gàosu (gàosong) gāo wèishēng gāoxìng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-ge</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">’to dry a glass’) to be tall to do, to be involved in high grade, advanced stage kaoliang, a strong liquor blast furnace to tell, to inform to tell, to inform to clean to be happy (general counter)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gé gé gè-^ gèdì gěge gègè gěi gěi gěi nín yùbei gěi wǒ lái gèjí Gēlúnbù gémìng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì gēn gēn gèng gezi Gōngānjú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gōngbǎo Jīdīng gōngchāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to separate, to divide off dose, dosage each, every, the various... everyplace older brother each and every to give for to prepare for you bring me (something) every level Columbus revolution Revolutionary Committee and with even more each one individually Bureau of Public Security Kungpao Diced Chicken factory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Gongchǎndǎng gōngdiàn gōngfei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Communist Party</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">palace</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">free service (government sponsored)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngfèi yīliáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">free medical treatment (government sponsored)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">free time, a period of time in which a person is free in the sense that his work is interruptable</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōnggong qìchē gǒngguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">public bus</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">residence, home (a polite reference to another’s residence)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōngjù gongjIn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">tools</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kilogram (approximately</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">2.2 pounds)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">gōnglí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōnglì yòuéryuán Gōnglùjú gōnglùjude chē gōngmǔ gōngnongbīng gōngqing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">kilometer public kindergarten Bureau of Public Roads bus between cities are (100 square meters) workers, farmers, soldiers hectare (approximately</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">gōngren gōngshè gōngshēng gōngsí gōngxǐ gōngxiāo hézuòshè (Peking)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōngyè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōngyèJuan (gōngyèquàn) ’Gōngyè Xue Daqing’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gōngyòng gōngyù gōngyuán gōngyuán (hòu) gōngyuán qián gōngzǐ gōngzuò gōngzuòfú gōngzuòmào gōngzuò rényuán gōngzuòzhě gōngzuò shùnlì gù^ guàhào guàhàoxìn (yìfēng) guā húzi guǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">guan guān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-guan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guāngmíng Rìbào </span><span class="font5">guān men guàshang guānyu gǔchéng gùdài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gǔdū Gùgōng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gùgōng Bōwuyuàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">guì guīju Guilin</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">2 1/2 acres) worker commune liter company congratulations marketing and supply</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cooperative industry industrial goods coupon ’In Industry Learn from</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Taching’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">public, for public use apartment park A.D.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">B.C.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wages to work uniform, work clothes work hats, helmets staff, personnel worker the work goes well to hire to register (something) registered letter to shave (the beard) to turn to close pass (through a mountain) government official, military official</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">The Kuangming Daily </span><span class="font5">to close for the day to hang up (telephone) as for, about, regarding ancient city ancient times</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ancient capital</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Imperial Palace (short for Gùgōng Bowuyuàn)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the Former Imperial Palace Museum</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be expensive regulation Kueilin, a scenic city in</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">southern China</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">guīmo guìxìng guìzhang gòu gūji</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">W . K, gUJl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">scope, scale honorable surname to be valuable to be enough to estimate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">historical remains, ancient ruins</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">-guo -guó guō guò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(experience marker) country</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cooking pot, wok</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to cross, to pass</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">guò guò Guóbǐn Dàfàndiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to pass (some time) past the hour The Ambassador Hotel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(Taipei)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">guōjiā guò jítǐ shēnghuo guōnòi guòqù guōtie guōwài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Guówùyuàn (Meiguo) guōyíng nōngchǎng gushi gùyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">country</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’to live a communal life’ within the country, domestic formerly steam-fried dumplings outside the country, foreign U.S. Department of State state farm story intentionally, on purpose</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">hái hái hái</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hái bù yídìng hái hǎo hǎijūn hàipà háishi háishi hǎishuǐ hǎiyùn háizi Hàncháo hángkōng xìn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">still</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fairly, pretty, rather</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">in addition</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">not yet certain</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fairly well</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">navy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be afraid</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">or</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">still</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sea water</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sea mail</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">child, children</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Han Dynasty (206-225 B.C.) air mail letter</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">hángkōng yóujiǎn Hàn-Rì zìdiǎn Hàn-Yīng zìdiǎn hànzǎi -hào -hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">aerogram</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chinese-Japanese dictionary Chinese-English dictionary drought number (used in address) used to indicate days of the month (i.e., </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sìhào,</span><span class="font5"> ’the fourth’)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">hǎo hǎo hǎo hǎochī hǎodeduo hǎojíle hǎo jiu hǎo jiu mei jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be good, well</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be better</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">very</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be tasty, good to eat much better wonderful a long time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I haven’t seen you for a long time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-hǎo le hǎokàn hàomǎ(r) hǎowán hǎoxiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">satisfactorily completed to be good looking number</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be enjoyable</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to seem (to be), to appear that, to resemble, as if</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">hǎoxiē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hàozhào (hàozhào)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">a good many, a lot</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to summon, to call to duty, to issue a call</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">he he he hébì hebìngcheng hē chá hēi hēibǎn hen he shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to drink and river Why is it necessary? to merge into to drink tea to be black blackboard very to be suitable, to be</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">appropriate, to suit, to fit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">hézuòhua hézuòshè hong Hongbǐnlou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to put into cooperatives a cooperative</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be red</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">name of a reataurant in</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">hóng chá</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hángqí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hongqí Rénmín Gōngshè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hóngshāoyú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Hōngshǎo Yúchì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Peking black tea ’Red Flag', name of a commune Red Flag People’s Commune Red-Cooked Fish Red-Cooked Shark's Fin</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">hóngyàoshuǐ hòu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hòubian(r) hòulái hóulong hòutian hòunian hú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-huà huà huà huà(r) (yìzhāng) hua chuán huàféi huàféichāng huáiyùn huājuān(r) huā kāile</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Huáli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">mercurochrome back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">back side</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">later, afterwards, later on throat</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the day after tomorrow the year after next lake</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-ize, as in modernize to paint words, speech a painting to row a boat chemical fertilizer chemical fertilizer factory to be pxegnant flower-rolls the flowers have bloomed Chinese mile (1/3 of English</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">mile)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Huáměi Kāfēitīng huàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Huamei Coffeehouse (Taipei) to change, exchange, change buses</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">huáng huángdì huánggōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be yellow, to be brown emperor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">emperor’s residence, imperial palace</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">huánghuāyú huáng Jiǔ huànhuan huānyíng huāpíng huàxué huàzhuāngpǐn Hu Cài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yellow fish a mild rice wine to change to welcome vase chemistry cosmetics</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shanghai School of Chinese Cooking</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">huí huí huì hui huíbulái huídá huídelái huí diànhuà huí guó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">the opposite direction to return to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to know how to, can willing to, going to not able to get back to answer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">able to get back</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to return a phone call</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to return to one’s native country</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">huí jiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to return home</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">huì kè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">huìkèshì, (huìkèshì) huílai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to receive guests reception room to come hack</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Huímín huíqu huìyitīng hǔnfǎng huǒchē huǒchēzhàn huochē zhìzàochāng huǒtuì huòshi huòzhě hútong (hútòngr) hùshi hùzhào hùzhùzǔ húzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Moslem to go hack meeting hall synthetic blend train train station truck manufacturing plant ham or or a narrow street (Peking) nurse passport mutual aid team or group heard, mustache</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">-Jí Jǐ jì Jǐ-ji-jì -Jiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">level of organization chicken</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to he anxious</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">how many a few to mail, to send hy mail -ist, professional, specialist</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Jiā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">J iā hān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">home</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to add, plus</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to add extra work, to work overtime</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiabìdīng jiāli jiāli -jiàn -Jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">gabardine f ami ly household</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for clothing)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for matters, affairs)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">piece (counter for suitcases, pieces of clothing, ’pieces’ of business)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">jian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for rooms)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jian Jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to select, to pick out to meet, to see</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiàn Jiānādà jiānchá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to "build, to construct Canada</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to examine, to inspect, to check</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">J iandān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">J iǎndānde Jiàn dū Jiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to he simple</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">something simple</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to set up a capital</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to discuss (something), to talk about (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiàng jiangdao Jiānglái Jiànlì J iàngyou Jiànkāng J iànmiàn J iànshèchéng Jiànyì J ianzhù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">paste, bean paste to talk about in the future</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to set up, to establish soy sauce to be healthy to meet someone to build into proposal, suggestion to build, to construct;</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">structure, building</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiànzhùde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-J iào Jiāo Jiāo J iào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">constructed</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dumpling</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to hand over, to submit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to teach</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to call; to be called, to be named</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">J iào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">J iào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to order (food, etc.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have someone do something, to tell someone</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiāogěi jiāo huār j iāoqū Jiàoshòu Jiāo shū jiāotōng jiàoyu Jiàoyubù j iàoyuán jiāozi Jiàshǐzhízhāo j iāshǔ Jiātíng Jiāyù Guān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to do something to give to to water flowers suburbs professor to teach transportation, traffic to educate Ministry of Education teacher boiled dumpling, dumplings driver’s license family members family, home, household the Chiayíi Pass, name of</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">region in Kansu Province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiāzhǎng jiàzhi Jiāzhōu jībenshang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">parent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">value, worth</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">California fundamentally, mainly, basically, practically, almost</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jìchéngchē jīchuáng jīdàn jìde jīdiǎn zhōng jīdīng -jié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">taxi (Taipei) machine tool (chicken) egg to remember what time diced chicken session, time (counter for classes)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiē jiē jiē jiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to connect, to join street</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to meet</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to receive (mail, messages, guests, phone calls)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiēdàishì jiēdao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">waiting room (for VIPS) to receive (alternate for</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">jiēzhāo, common in Taipei)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiěfàngjūn jiéguo jiēguoqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Liberation Array result to connect, to put through (phone call)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiéhūn jiějie jiěmèi jièshao jiēzhāo jige Jǐge jīge xīngqī jīge yuè jīhào jìhua jīhui jījíxìng -jíle jīlóu jīlù chē -jīn jǐn jin jin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to get married, to marry older sister sisters to introduce to receive several how many how many weeks how many months what day of the month to plan to opportunity, chance enthusiasm, initiative extremely what floor what number bus catty (1.1 pounds) only, just to enter to be close, near</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">j ìribù jìng Jīng Cai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to progress</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to offer someone something</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Northern school of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chinese cooking</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jīngchá jīngchájú jīngguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">police, policeman</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">police station</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">by way of, via, to pass through, to go through</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jīngj ibù jīngjiguān jīngjixué jīngjixuéjiā jīnglī jìnkou jǐnián jìnliàng jīnnian jīntian jìnyibù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Ministry of Economics economics officer economics economist</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">manager to import how many years with all one’s strength this year today</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to make some progress, to go one step further</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jinxing jīpiàn jīqi jìshu jìshù gōngren jìshu renyuan jìsù youéryuán jìsuan jīsuì jītiān jiǔ jiu jiǔ jiù Jiù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to carry out, to do chicken slices</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">engine (literally, machine)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">skill, technique mechanic, technician technicians</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">boarding kindergarten</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to calculate, to figure</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">how old</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">how many days</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be long (period of time) liquor, wine</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">nine</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">only</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be old</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jiù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">right, immediately, exactly (with reference to time or space)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Jiù j iùhùchē jiù shi Jiǔ yǎng Jiǔyue jiǔxí jìxù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">then ambulance (used for emphasis), this is glad to meet you September banquet to continue</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">jìyóu jǐyuè jǐwèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">juǎn juǎnqilai juède</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">machine oil what month how many persons (polite) to assemble</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">reel (of tape)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to roll up to feel that</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">juēdìng jūnguǎn jūnrěn jūnshì jūnshì yǎnxí jùyijū júzi júzi shuí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to decide</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">military officer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">military person</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">military</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">military maneuvers</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to get together oranges, tangerines orangeade, orange juice</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">kǎfēi kǎfēitìng kǎi kǎi kǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kǎi chē kǎi dǎo kǎidechulai kǎideshangqu kǎi huì kǎi men kǎishǐ kǎishuí kǎi xué kàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kàn kàn kànbuj ian kàndedong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">coffee</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">coffee house</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to open</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to drive (something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to leave, to start</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to drive</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to operate on, an operation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be able to drive out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be able to drive up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to attend a meeting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to open for business</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to start, begin</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">boiled water (for drinking)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to begin school</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to read, to look at, to visit to think (express an opinion) it depends on...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">not able to see</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be able to understand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">by reading</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">kàndejian kànjian kànkan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be able to see</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to see</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to look at; to sightsee, to visit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">kànqilai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">when looking at..., in appearance</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">kǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">roasted, toasted; to roast</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">kǎogǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kǎogǔ gōngzuòzhě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kǎogǔ xuéjiā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’kào tian chī fan’</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to do archaeological work archaeological worker archaeologist</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’dependent on Heaven for food*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Kǎo Yā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Kǎo Yàngròu kě -kè kè kè kèfàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Peking Roast Duck Mongolian Barbecued Lamb indeed (intensifier) quarter of an hour class to engrave, to carve * fixed meal’, a type of meal in which soup, a main dish, rice and tea are all</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">kěndìng kěnéng kèqi kèren kěshi késou kètīng kěxī kēxué kéyi kēzhǎng kōng kōngjūn kǒngpà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">served for one price positive, affirmative maybe</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be polite customer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">but</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to cough</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">living room</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">unfortunately, what a pity science</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">may, can, to be permitted section chief</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be vacant, to be empty air force</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be afraid that (something is or is not the case); probably</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">kōngqi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kōngqi wǔrǎn koudai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kū</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-kuai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-kuài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kuai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kuai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kuàizi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kuān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">kuāng kuàngqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">air</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">air pollution</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pocket to cry to be bitter, to be painful a piece (counter) dollar to be fast soon</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chopsticks</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be wide, to be broad a mine</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">mining district</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">kùnnan kuòdà kūqilai kùzhuāng kùzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be difficult, difficulty</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to expand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to start crying</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pantsuit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pants</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">là</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">láibuji</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">láideji</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lái(ge) diànhuà láilai wángwang lán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lánweiyán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">láo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lǎo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">láodòng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">láodòng bǎohu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">láodòng mofan láodòngzhě lǎoj iā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lǎojià</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lǎorenj ia</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be peppery-hot to come can’t make it in time can make it in time to make a phone call here comings and goings to be blue appendicitis to labor to be old to do manual labor worker’s insurance labor hero, model worker worker, laborer ’original home’ excuse me a form of address for an older person</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">lǎoshi lǎoshī le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">always, all the time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">teacher</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(combined </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">le,</span><span class="font5"> new situation and completed action marker)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">le -le lei lěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(new situation marker) (completed action marker) to be tired to be cold</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">lěngfēng lengpán -li lí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liáncheng lián...dōu/yě... -liàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">air conditioning cold dish</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">in (locational ending) apart from inside, in to connect face to connect into</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">even</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for vehicles)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">liáng liǎng-liàng liǎngběn liángkuai liángshi liáng tǐwēn liánjiěqilai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be cool</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">two</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to light up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">two volumes, a few volumes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be cool</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">grain</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take a temperature</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to connect up, to connect together</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">liánxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to contact someone (about a matter)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">liǎojie (liǎojie) liàozi lǐbài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lǐbàijǐ Lǐbàirì Lībàitiān Lǐbàiyī (-èr...) lībian(r) Libǐnsǐ lǐfǎ (lǐfà) lǐfǎde dìfang lìhai líkǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to understand, to comprehend material, fabric week</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">what day of the week</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sunday</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sunday</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Monday (Tuesday...) inside</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Protocol Department (Peking) to cut hair a place to get a haircut to be severe to leave</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">lìliang ling ling ling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">strength</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be sharp, to be keen zero</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">grave or tomb (of emperor or leader)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">ling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to collect (something that</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">lǐngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">is issued) to lead, leader</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Língdì Ling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">the tomb of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">lingjiàn língmù.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(168-189 A.D.) parts tomb or mausoleum of a</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">lǐngshiguǎn lìngwài línshí lìshǐ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">distinguished person consulate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">in addition to, additionally cemporary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">history</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to leave someone or something, to keep someone or something, to</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">stay, to remain</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">liù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liú ge huà(r) liúxialai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">six</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to leave a message</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to leave behind, to leave over</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">liú. xuě (xiě) liúxuéshēng Liùyue -lòng (-nòng) -16u loucéng fúwùtái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to bleed</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a student studying abroad</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">June</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">alley</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">floor, storey (of building)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the service desk for the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">floor</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">lóushàng loutǐ lóuxià lù lú lǔběi lu chá lùdōng lúguǎn lúhuà lùjūn lǔkǒu(r) lǔnán lúntǎi Luòyáng lùxī luxing lúxing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lúxíng zhīpiào (yìzhang) lùyǐndài lùylnjǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">upstairs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">stairs, stairwell downstairs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">road</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be green</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">north side of the street green tea east side of the street inn, hotel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to make green, to landscape army intersection</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">south side of the street</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tire</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Loyang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">west side of the street</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to travel; trip traveler’s checks recording tape tape recorder</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">ma w</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ma</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">máfan ni</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">mǎi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">mài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">mǎi cài mǎimai màiwán le màizi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Mǎ-Liè zhǔyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">(question marker)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yard (a unit of measurement) sorry to bother you to buy to sell to buy groceries business to be sold out wheat</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Marxist-Leninist principles,</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Marxi sm-Lenini sm</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Mǎkèsì-Lièníng zhǔyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Marxist-Leninist principles, Marxism-Leninism</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">malù man man mang mangchángyán MǎnQíng mántou Mápo Dòufu -mao maobing máoyī Mao Zhǔxí màozi mǎshàng mazuì méi měi měi méi bànfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">avenue to be full to be slow to be busy appendicitis the Manchu Ch’ing government steamed bread Ma Po’s Bean Curd dime trouble, flaw, defect sweater Chairman Maohat immediately, right away anesthesia not, not to have each, every to be beautiful</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">I have no way, it can’t be helped</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">měicì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Měidàsl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">each time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Bureau of American and Pacific Affairs</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">meide xiàng huàr yíyàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">méi ér méi nǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">měigé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">as beautiful as a painting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">without sons or daughters</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">every (certain amount of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">time)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">méi guānxi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Měiguo Guowùyuàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Měiguo Xìnwénchù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">it doesn’t matter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">U.S. Department of State</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">United States International Communications Agency (USICA, formerly United States Information Agency (USIA)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">méi jiéhūn MěiJin mèimei méi shenme méi shi (le) měitiān méi wèntí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">not to be married U.S. currency younger sister it’s nothing everything is all right everyday there’s no problem</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">méi(you)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">not to have, there isn’t there aren’t</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">méi you...nàme/zhènme méi(you) yìsi Měizhōu dàlù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">is not as...as...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be uninteresting American continent</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">mén(r) mén(r) ménkǒu(r)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">V mi miàn miànbāo mi anJi mi fan Min Cài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">door gate doorway, gateway meter noodles bread surface, surface area cooked rice</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Fukien school of Chinese cooking</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">míngbai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be clear, to be intelligible</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">MÍngcháo Mingling míngnian míngtian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Ming Dynasty the Ming Tombs next year tomorrow</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">míngxiā míngxìnpiàn míngzi míngzi mínzú mi shū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">prawn, (large) shrimp post cards name first name</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">race, ethnic group secretary, executive assistant</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Mizhī Huǒtui mònián moshōu mótuōchē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">V mu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Ham in Honey Sauce the last years of... to confiscate motorcycle a Chinese mou, roughly equal to 1/6 of an acre</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">mù mùdi mùqián muqin Mùxū Ròu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">grave, tomb</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">reason, objective, purpose at present, currently mother</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Moshi Pork (pork fried with eggs)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">ná nǎ-nà-nà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to take which that</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">well then</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">nàbian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">that side</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">nábushanglai nábuxialai náchulai náchuqu nǎge nàge nǎiniú ná...lái náli náli nàli nàme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">can’t carry up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">can’t get (it) down to take out to take out which that</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">.dairy cow to bring Not at all! where there</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">so, to that extent, to that degree, in that case</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">nan nan nánbian(r) náribù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be difficult</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">south</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">south side</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the southern part (i.e., of the island)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">nánfāng cài nánháizi Nánjīng Dōnglù Nánjīng Xīlù nánnū píngděng nǎr nàr náshanglai náshangqu náxialai náxiaqu ne</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ne</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">southern style food boy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Nanking East Road (Taipei) Nanking West Road (Taipei) equality of the sexes where there to bring up to take up to bring down to take down (question marker) (marker of ongoing action)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">něi-nèi-něibian(r) nèibian(r) neige nèige neiguó nèikē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">which that which side that side which that</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">which country internal medicine,</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">nèikē yīsheng nèikù něinian něitian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">general medicine internist undershorts</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">which year</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">which day</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">nèitian nèixiē nèiyǐ néng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">w ni</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-nian nian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">the other day</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">those</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">undershirt</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">can, to be able to you year</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be pronounced as, to read as</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">nian___</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">niánchánliàng niánJi niánnian niánqīng nian shǔ nimen nín niúnǎi niuròu niúrōu miàn nízi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-nōng (-long) néngchǎng néngcǔn néngmágdeshíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to study_____</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yearly production</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">age, years old every year to be young to study you (plural) you (polite) milk beef</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">soup noodles with beef woolen clothes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">, alley a farm farm village during the busy season for farming</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">néngmín nongyào néngyàochǎng nongyè nongyè gōngren Nongyè Hézuōhuà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yùndōng nuSnhuo nuSnqì nūér nugōng nùháizi nǔlì nǔshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">peasant, farmer pesticide pesticide factory agriculture agricultural worker Agricultural Cooperativization Movement to be warm central heating daughter female worker girl to be industrious, work hard Ms., Miss</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">pà pài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be afraid</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to send to assign</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(a person to do something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">páidǔng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">transmission (gear)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">pàidao páigǔ miàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to send to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">soup noodles with a pork chop</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">páijià pàilai páiqìguǎn páizhào páizi pángbian(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">exchange rate (currency) to send here exhaust pipe license plates a sign</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">beside, next to, along side of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">pánzi pánziwǎn péi pèi pèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">plate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dishes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to accompany</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to fill a prescription</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to find something to match, to match things</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">pèi cài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to select dishes for a formal meal</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">pèngpò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be cut after being hit by something</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">pèngshāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be injured by being hit with something</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">péngyou pèngzháo pen qī -piān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">friend to hit to spray paint (counter for written</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">articles)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">piàn piányi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">tablet (of medicine)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be inexpensive, to be cheap</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">piào (yìzhang) piàoliang piàozi (yìzhang) píbāo pídài píjiǔ -ping ' píngcháng píngděng píngfāng píngfāng gōngchǐ píngfāng gōnglǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ticket, coupon to be beautiful (dollar) bill handbag belt beer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bottle (counter) usually equality</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">square (used in measurement) square meter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">square kilometer, one hundred hectares</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">píngfāng mǐ píngguo (píngguo) píngjūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">square meter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">apple</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">average, on the average</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">píngxìn píngyuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pixie (yìshuāng) pò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">W .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">PUJ<sup>1</sup></span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pǔtōng pùzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">regular mail, surface mail a plain shoes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be worn out, to break</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to popularize</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">regular</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shop, store (Peking)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">qǐ qī qì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-qián qián qián qiánbian(r) qiánnian qiántian qiǎo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">qìchē qìchēzhàn qǐdiǎnzhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">seven</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">paint, lacquer air</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">thousand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">money</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">front, ahead</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">front side, the place ahead the year before last the day before yesterday to be timely, to be opportune car</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bus stop</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the station where a train originates</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">qiézi qǐfēi qìhou -qilai -qilai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">eggplant</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take off (airplane) climate</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to rise upward</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to start (doing); when (doing)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Qíncháo qǐng qíng qǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Ch’in Dynasty (255-209 B.C.) to be light, not heavy to be clear, to clear up to request; please; to treat</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Qíngbàosī Qīngcháo qīngchu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Intelligence Bureau (Peking) Ch’ing Dynasty (16UU-1911) to be clear, to be intelligible</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">qīngdòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">green peas; green young soybeans</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Qīngdòu Xiārén qīngfàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Shrimp with Green Peas handle with care (literally</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">’put down lightly')</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">qǐng gōngzuò qǐng jià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">light work</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to request leave, to take vacation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">qǐngjiāo qǐngjiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">green pepper</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to ask advice, to request teaching</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">qíngkuàng qǐngtiě (qǐngtiě) qǐngwèn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Qǐng zài lai... qǐng zuò qǐnluè qīnqi qinshì (qǐnshǐ) qīnshǒu qīnyǎn qīnzì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">situation, conditions written invitation May I ask...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Please bring another... please sit down to invade; invasion relatives bedroom one’s own hand with one’s own eyes personally, privately, by oneself, in person</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">qipao qìshuǐ qítā qiūtian qìyóu Qíyue (Qǐyue) qǔ qù^ quán quántuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">traditional Chinese dress soda, carbonated soft drink the others, the remainder fall, autumn gasoline July to pick up, to get to go</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be whole, to be complete full-care, boarding (kindergarten)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">qubiè qǔchulai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">difference</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to claim (luggage), to pick (something) up, to get (something)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">quěfá qùnian qúnzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to lack last year skirt</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">ràng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to allow, to let, to have someone do something</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ránhòu re</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">afterwards, after that to be hot</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ren</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rènao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">person</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be lively, to be bustling, to be noisy</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">rènde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">renkǒu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rénmín</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Renminbi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Rénmín Dàhuìtàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to recognize, to know population</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">people, citizens of a country</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">People’s currency (Peking)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the National People’s</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Congress Building</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">rénmín gōngshè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rénmín Huàbào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Rénmín Jiǒfàngjūn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rénmín RÌbào </span><span class="font5">rènshi rènshi zì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">people’s commune</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">The People’s Pictorial </span><span class="font5">People’s Liberation Army </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">The People’s Daily </span><span class="font5">to recognize, to know to know how to read</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(literally, to recognize characters)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">rényuan rénzàosī Rìběn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Rì-Hàn zìdiǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rìtuō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Riven</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rongyi ròu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">rèusǐ chǎo miàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">personnel rayon Japan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Japanese-Chinese dictionary day-care kindergarten Japanese language to be easy meat fried noodles with shreds of pork</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ròusì miàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">soup-noodles with shreds of pork</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ruguo ruò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">if to be weak</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">sān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sānbān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sānbān dǎode gōngchǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">three</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">three shifts</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a factory with three changing shifts</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">sàn bù Sānlítún</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to take a walk</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(name of a neighborhood in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Peking where some</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">Sānxiān Chǎo Miàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">diplomatic personnel live) noodles fried with three</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fresh things (literally,</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">Sānyue sēnlín shābù shāchē shān shandong Shandong -shang -shang shàng shàng shàng ban shàngbian(r) shàng chē shāngdiàn shang fēng shàngge shàngge xīngqǐ shàngge yuè Shànghǎi shàng kè shàng lóu (qu) shāngren shāngǔ shāngǔli shāngwu shàngwu shàngxiào shàng xué Shǎnhǎi Guān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shānshuǐ huàr (yìzhāng) Shǎnxī Shēng Bowuguǎn shāo shǎo shǎo shǎo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shāobing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sháor (sháozi) shàoxiào shè shèhuì shèhuìxué shè J ì</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">’three fresh fry noodles’) March forest gauze brakes mountain mountain caves Shantong (province) on (locational ending) onto (directional ending) to go up to get on to start work the upper surface, above to get on the bus/train/car shop, store to catch cold last (i.e., shàngge yuè, ’last month’) last week last month Shanghai to begin class to go upstairs business person valley in a valley commercial business forenoon, morning colonel (military title) to go to school the Shanhai Pass, name of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a region in Hopeh province landscape painting Shensi Provincial Museum to boil, to heat seldom; little, less to be few little, less, too little, too few sesame rolls spoon major (military title) short for </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngshè,</span><span class="font5"> commune society sociology to design, to plan</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">shēnbàodān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shēng shēng sheng sheng shēng hìng shēngchǎn shēngde shēnghuó shēngqi shēngrì shēng shíjian shēngyin shénme</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shenme ...shenmede</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shénme dìfang shénme shíhou shēntī jiànkāng Shēnyáng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shèyuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shi shi shi shi shi (yíjiàn)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shìbīng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shìde shi...-de Shíèryue shìguān shìhé shíhou shij iè shìjièshang you míngde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">gǔjì zhī yī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shìjièshang zuì wěidàde jiànzhù zhī yī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shìjiè Yínháng shíqī</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">declaration (customs) sound, voice to be born, to give birth to save, to economize on province to get sick production lest, to avoid life to be mad, angry birthday to save time voice what anything</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">...and so on (after a series of items)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">where, what place when, what time good health the name of a city in Manchuria, formerly called Mukden commune personnel ten to be yes, that’s so to try out (something) matter, affair, business thing enlisted man yes, that’s so (focus construction) December sergeant to suit, to fit time world one of the famous ancient remains of the world one of the greatest structures in the world</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">World Bank time, period</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shuíguǒ shuì jiao shuì jiào shuǐkù shuǐpíng shuì wǔjiào shuǐxǐ shuìyí shuǐzāi shǔjià shūjiàzi shunlì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">fruit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">boiled dumpling to sleep reservoir</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">level, standard</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take a nap</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to wash, to launder</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pajamas</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">flood</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">summer vacation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bookcase</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to go well, without difficulty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to speak; to speak a language; to say that</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shuōcuò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">shuōhǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to speak incorrectly</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have come to an aggreement (about something), (something) has been agreed on</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">shuōhuà shuōmíng si</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’Sìge Xiàndàihuà’ sǐjǐ Sìyue sīzhang sìzhōu song song sòngdào sōnggei sōngshangqu sōngxíng suan suàn suàn zhang suànzhàng sù cài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to speak</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">explanation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">four</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’The Four Modernizations’ driver of a hired vehicle April department chief all sides, all around to be loose to send</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to send to, to deliver to to give to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to send up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to see a person off</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be sour</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to calculate, to figure</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to figure the check</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to settle an account</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">vegetable (vegetarian) dishes</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-suì suíbiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">year of age</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be informal or casual,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">as you like, as you wish, whatever suits you, * according to your convenience’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">suìrán...kěshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">although, even though...</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">still</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">suìshu suíyì Sūlián Sun Zhōngshān suóyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">age</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">according to one’s wishes the Soviet Union Sun Yatsen therefore</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">sùshè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sùzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dormitory Soochow</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tā tài Tàihi Tàidà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">he, she, it too, excessive Taiwan currency Taiwan University</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(abbreviation)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">táifēng tài hao le Tàihú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">typhoon</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wonderful</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T’aihu, the name of a lake in Wùxī</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tàitai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Taiwan Wéntán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Taiyuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Mrs., wife</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Taiwan Literary Magazine</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T’aiyùan, capital of Shansi province</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tāmen tan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-tang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-tang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">they</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to chat, to talk about</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">class, period</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for trips of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a train, bus, classes etc.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tāng tang Tangcháo tāngcù Tangcù Baicài Tāngcù Yú tāng miàn tangxia tanzi -tào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">soup candy, sugar</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T’ang Dynasty (618-905 A.D.) sweet and sour</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Sweet and Sour Cabbage Sweet and Sour Fish soup-noodles to lie down blanket (counter for suits, sets of things)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tāolùn (tāolun) tèbié tèdiān tèkuài tāng (tong) tí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to discuss especially distinctive point express train</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to ache, to be painful to lift, to raise</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">for, as a substitute for, in place of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-tian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tiananmen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">day</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">heaven, sky, day to be sweet to fill out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">T’ien An Men, Gate of Heavenly Peace</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tiáncài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tianjin (Tiānjīng) tiānqi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">dessert Tientsin weather</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">tiānqiáo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tiānshòu Shān tiāntiān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’tian xià wéi gong’</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">pedestrian overpass the name of a mountain every day</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’the world belongs to everyone’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-tiáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for long, winding things, narrow things, pants)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tiáogēng tiàowǔ tiáozhěng tíchulai tie tígāo ting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">spoon</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to dance</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to adjust</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to bring up, to set forth</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to paste on, to stick</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to raise</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to listen to, to hear</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ting ting tingbudong tīngdechulai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to listen to, to follow</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to stop, to park cannot understand to be able to recognize</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">what something is from the sound</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">ting diànhuà tingdǒng tīngshuō tīwēn tīxiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to answer the phone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to understand (by listening) to hear that</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">body temperature</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to embody, to realize, to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">show</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tong (téng) tongshì Tōngyòng Gōngsī tongxué tóngxuéhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be painful, to ache fellow worker, colleague General Electric classmate alumni association</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">2U1</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(literally, fellow-student group)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">tóngyì tōngzhī tóngzhì -tóu tóu tóu téng tóuyícì tù tuánzhang tǔdì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Tǔdì Gǎigé Yùndòng tuī tuǐ tuīfān tuō tuōchē tuōérsuō tuōlāj ǐ túpiàn tǔrǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to agree</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">announcement, to announce comrade</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">one of two ends of something head headache the first time to throw up, to vomit head of the delegation land Land Reform Movement to push leg to overthrow to tow, to drag along tow truck nursery school tractor illustration, picture soil</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">wài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">hello (greeting on the phone)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">wàibian(r) wàidì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">outside</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">outside this area, foreign</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">wàiguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">places</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">outside one’s own country,</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">wàiguo rén wàij iāo Wàij iāobù wàij iāoguan wàikē yīsheng Wàimàobù wàimian wàishì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wàishì jīngchā wàitào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">abroad, foreign country foreigner (non-Chinese) diplomacy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ministry of Foreign Affairs diplomat surgeon</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Ministry of Foreign Trade outside foreign affairs foreign affairs police jacket (that extends below the waist)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">wàizǔfù wàizǔmǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">maternal grandfather maternal grandmother to be finished</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">-wan wān wán(r)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wan wàn wāndòu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wāndòu jia (wāndòu jiaor) wanfàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">bowl (counter)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to bend</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to play, to relax, to have fun</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be late</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ten thousand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">peas; snow pea pods</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">snow pea pods</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">dinner, supper</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to forget</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē wàngji</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wànlǐ Chángchéng wǎnshang wàzi -wèi wéi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wèibìng wěidà wèi(le) wèinǎi wèishēngshì (wèishēngshǐ) wèishēngsuǒ wèishēngyuàn wèishénme</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wéixiān (wēixiǎn) wèizi wèn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wēndù wénhuà wèntí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">wénwu wénxué wénzhāng wo wòfang women (wo) tongyì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to, towards</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wángfǔjíng Boulevard (Peking) to forget</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">The Great Wall of 10,000 Li evening socks (polite counter for people) hello (greeting on the -</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">phone) stomach stomach sickness to be great in order to, for to nurse, to feed milk health room health clinic hospital why danger seat, place to ask temperature culture problem, question</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cultural relic literature essay, article I, me bedroom we, us (l) agree</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">wǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǔchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Gémìng Yùndòng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǔhàn Dàxué</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǔhàn Gāngtiě Chǎng wǔshuì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wúxǐ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǔyī Làodòngjié</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wǔyue</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">five</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wuhan University</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wuhan Iron and Steel Works afternoon nap</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Wusih, the name of a city in Kansu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">May Day, Labor Day (literally, ’May the first, Labor Day)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">May</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">xī xí xià xià xià ban xiàbian(r)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xià chē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xiàcì xiàge</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xiàge xīngqī xià kè xià yuè -xialai</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">xià 16u (lǎi)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">xiān xiān xiàn xiàn</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">xiǎng xiǎng xiǎng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">west to wash to go down; to get off the next (something) to get off work the bottom, the under surface</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to get off the bus,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">•Out please!’ next time next </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">(i.e.,xiàge yuè</span><span class="font5">, next month’) next week to end class next month to come down and towards the speaker; shows that the action of the main verb has resulted in a final or fixed state to go or come downstairs first; ahead of time to be salty (telephone) line, wire county to be fragrant to think, to think that to want to, to feel like,</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be thinking of doing</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiang xiàng xiàng xiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to miss, to think of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lane</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">toward</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to resemble, to be similar to, to be like</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiāngcài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Chinese parsley, fresh coriander</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Xiang Cài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">Hunan school of Chinese cooking</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiāngdāngyu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be equivalent to, to be equal to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiànghào le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to have reached a conclusion (about something), (something) has been thought out</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiàng j iā xiangjiāo xiǎngqilai Xiāngsù Yā xiāngxia xiàngyixiàng xiāngyóu xiāngzi xiānjin xiānsheng xiànzài xiào xiàobenzi xiàobiàn xiàochīdiàn xiàofèi xiào háizi xiáojie xiàomàibù xiāomiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be homesick banana to think of, to remember Fragrant Crispy Duck countryside to think it over sesame oil box, suitcase, trunk to advance Mr., sir now to be small small notebook urine little eatery tip, gratuity child Miss, young lady variety shop to destroy, to wipe out, to uproot</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiàoshí xiàoxin xiàoxuá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">hour to be careful elementary school</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiào yìsi xiārén Xiārén Guōba Tang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">a token of appreciation shrimp</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Shrimp and Sizzling Rice</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">xiàtian xiàwu xià xue xià yǔ xīběi xibian(r) Xīcān Xīdān</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">xiē xié xiě xiè dù xiěshang xiěxialai xièxie xīfàn xíguàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xǐhóngshì xīhongshìzhì Xíhú xǐhuan xīhuo Xīméndīng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xīn</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">xīn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xìn (yìfēng) xīnán xìnfēng(r) xíng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xīng xing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xíngli (yíjiàn)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xīngqī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">xīngqījǐ Xīngqīrì Xīngqītiān Xīngqīyī (-èr...) xìngqu xíngrén Xingrén Dòufu Xīnhài Gémìng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">Soup summer afternoon to snow to rain northwest west side Western food (name of a neighborhood in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Peking) several, some shoes to write to have diarrhea to write on (something) to write down thank you gruel of rice and water to get used to, to become accustomed to; a habit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tomato (Peking) tomato juice (Peking) West Lake to like to stall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(name of a neighborhood in Taipei)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be new</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">’heart, mind’ letter southwest envelope</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be all right to wake up to be surnamed baggage, luggage, suitcases week</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">what day of the week Sunday Sunday</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Monday (Tuesday...) interest pedestrian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Almond Pudding the Hsinhai Revolution</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">(Revolution of 1911)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Xinhua Shūdiàn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xinhua Zìdiǎn </span><span class="font5">xīnshui xīnxian xìnzhī xiōngdì xiōngdì jiemèi xiongmǎo xīshōujiǎn xiū xiūhǎo xiū jià xiūj iàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">New China Bookstore (Peking) </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">New China Dictionary </span><span class="font5">salary to be fresh stationery brothers brothers and. sisters panda bear washroom to build, to erect to fix to take a vacation to build, to construct, to erect; to' repair and build</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xiūli xiūlichǎng xiūxi xiūzhěng xīwang xī yīshang Xīzàng xīzǎo xīzǎofang xīzhuǎng xué xuědòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to fix, to repair</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">repair garage</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take a rest, to relax</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to repair, to put in order</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to hope, to wish to wash clothes Tibet to take a bath bathroom</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">suit (Western-style)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to study</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">snow peas (term commonly used by Chinese in America)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">xuésheng xuéxi xuěyā xuézhǎ Xūn Ji xùnlian xūyào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">student</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to study, to learn (Peking) blood pressure scholar Smoked Chicken to train to need</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">ya yā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ya yǎng yǎng yǎngròu yǎngzhuǎng yàngzi yànhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">alternate form of marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">a </span><span class="font5">duck tooth sheep</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to raise, to care for</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">lamb</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Western-style aress kind, variety feast, banquet</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">yànhuìtīng yānhuo yǎnjìng(r) yan j iu yán j iuyuàn yánse yàn xuě yàn xuěyā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yào yào yào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yào yào yàoburán yàobushi...jiù shi... yàofāng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yàofang yàojǐn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yàopiàn yǎoqǐng yàoshi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yàoshi yàoshuǐ yāpò yayī yāzi yě yě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yěcān yèli Yēlù Daxué yěxù yèyu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yǐ _ yìbēi (yì)bēi kāfēi yícì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yìdiǎn(diǎn) yídìng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">banquet hall fireworks display eyeglasses</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to study, to do research graduate school</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">color</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have a blood test</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have a blood pressure test</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be necessary medicine to want</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take (some amount of time) will, going to otherwise</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">if it’s not..., then it is... prescription</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pharmacy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be important, to be urgent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tablet of medicine invitation if</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">key</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">liquid medicine</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to oppress; oppression dentist</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">duck also used with ’any/at all’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">expressions</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">picnic</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">at night</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yale University</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">perhaps, maybe</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">outside one’s occupation, spare-time, after work</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">one</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">one cup of (counter)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a cup of coffee</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">one time a little certainly, definitely</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yīfu yíge yíge rén yígòng yíhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">clothes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a, an</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">alone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">all together</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to regret (that something desirable will not happen)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yíhào (yīhào) Yìhéyuán (Yihéyuán) yíhou yíhou yìhuír</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">the first day of the month The Summer Palace after afterwards a moment</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yìjian yíjiàn shi yǐjing (yíjīng) Yījiǔ___nián</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yìkē yǐliáo yìlong yílù píngān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">opinion</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a piece of business already</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">19___</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">one capsule</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">medicine, medical treatment one tier of a steamer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Have a nice trip, Bon Voyage, (literally, ’a safe journey’)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yílùshang yínèi yīnggāi Yǐngguo Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn yíng le Yīngwen yíngyǎng yínhang yīnqíng yīnwei yìqǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">while traveling, on the trip within should, ought to England</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">English-Chinese dictionary I’ve won</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">English language nourishment,, nutrition bank engine because together</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yíqián yíqián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">before</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">ahead of time, before, in the past</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yìshang (yíjiàn) yīsheng yìshu yìshuāng yìsi yīwù rényuán yíxià (yíxia)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">clothes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">doctor, physician</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">art; artistic</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a pair of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">meaning</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">medical personnel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(not translated, gives a</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">casual feeling like reduplication)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yíxiàzi yìxiē yíyàng yīyào bàoxiǎn yiyuàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yíyue (Yíyue)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">all at once, at one fell swoop some, several, a few</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be like, to be the same as</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">medical insurance</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hospital</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">January</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yìzhí yì zhong yǐzi (yìbǎ) yòng yònggōng yòng kuàizi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">straight, up to now</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">a kind, one kind</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">chair</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to use; with</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be hardworking</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to use chopsticks; with chopsticks</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yòng lai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be used for the purpose of, in order to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">yòng...lai jìsuan yòu you yòu yòu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yòu...yòu...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yòubian(r)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">youde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">youde shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">if you use...to figure it out oil, gasoline, fuel to have, there is/are right (direction)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">again</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">both...and...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">right side</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">some</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">sometimes</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">you diǎn(r) yòuér yòuéryuán youhào youhuà(r) youjiǎn youlǎn shoucè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">a little, somewhat, a bit toddler, young child kindergarten</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">friendly</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">oil painting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">surface aerogram sightseeing handbook,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">tourist guide</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">you míng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be famous</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">youpiào (yìzhang) you shi youtiáo yóutǒng youxì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">postage stamp to have business deep-fried twist mail box</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to play; play, game, recreation</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">you xiào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yǒuyì Shāngdiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be effective</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Friendship Department Store</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">you yìsi youyǒng you yòng yóuyuánhuì yōuzhèngjǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yuan yuánlái yǔbei yùchǎnqǐ yuchì yuē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(Peking)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be interesting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to swim</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be useful</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">garden party, carnival</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">post office</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">fish</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be far</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">originally</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to prepare</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">due date (for a birth) shark’s fin</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to invite, -to make</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">yuè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yuè Cài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">arrangements (with)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">month</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Canton school of Chinese</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">yuèchū</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yuèdǐ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">yuè duō yuè hǎo yuēhǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">cooking</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the beginning of the month</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the end of the month the more the better to have (successfully) made</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">yuèjǐng yuètài yùfǎng Yùhuāyuán yǔmǐ yùn yundòng yùnlai yǔsǎn (yìbǎ) yǔyī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yúxiǎng Qiézi Yuyuǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">arrangements, appointments menstrual period platform</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to prevent, preventative</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">the Imperial Garden corn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to ship, to transport movement</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to ship, to send here</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">umbrella</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">raincoat</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Yǔhsiang Eggplant</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Szechwan Garden</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zài zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be someplace</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">in, at, on (prepositional</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zài zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">verb)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">then (in commands) again</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">in the midst of (marker</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">of ongoing action)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zàijiàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zài jiē diànhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">good-hye</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be receiving a phone call on the phone</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zāng zánmen zǎo zào zǎochén zǎodiǎn zǎofàn zàogāo zǎoshang zázhì (yìběn) zěnme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be dirty</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">we (excludes the listener) good morning to be early morning breakfast (Peking) breakfast what a mess morning magazine how, why</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zenme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">so, in this way, to this degree</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zěnmeyàng zhàcài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be how, how is_____</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">hot pickled cabbage</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(Szechwan)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to occupy a space or time, to constitute a portion of an amount</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhàn -zhāng zhàn gang zhang zhǎngdà zhàngdānzi zhàngfàng zhǎnlǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">a stop</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for flat things)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to stand guard</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to grow</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to grow up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">check, bill</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">cashier</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to exhibit, exhibition</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhǎnlǎnguǎn zhǎnlǎnhuì zhànqilai zhàntǎi zhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">exhibition hall exhibition to stand up platform to look for</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">-zhao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to succeed in getting or obtaining something</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhǎo zhào zhào zhāodài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to give change</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take, to photograph according to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be hospitable to, hospitality</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhàogu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to take care of, to look</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font5">zhào xiàng zhàoxiàngjǐ Zhǎ Xiāqitì (Zhà Xiāqiū) -zhe</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-zhe</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhè-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhebian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhège zhèi-zhèibian(r) zhèicì zhèige zhèige xīngqì zhèige yuè zhèihuǐr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhèixiē zhèiyàng zhèi yícì zhèli zhēn zhèng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhèngchǎng zhèngfu zhěnggèr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhēnguì zhèng hǎo zhéngli</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhēnglong</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhengxiū zhèngzài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhèngzhixué zhèngzhixuějiǎ zhèngzhì xuéxí zhēnjiǔ (zhēnjiū) zhènme</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhěntou</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font5">after</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take a picture camera</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Deep Fried Shrimp Balls</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(marker of duration of an action)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(syllable indicating one who does the action, i.e., -er)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">this this side this this this side this time this this week this month this moment, at the moment</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(Peking)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">these</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">this kind, this sort this time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">here</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">really</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to cook something by steaming</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be normal government whole, entire; wholly, completely</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be precious, valuable just right</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to straighten, to put in order</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">metal or bamboo food steamer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to repair, to put in order</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">in the middle of (doing something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">political science</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">political scientist</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">political study session acupuncture</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">so, in this way, to this degree</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">pillow</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhèr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">-zhī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">here</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for straight, sticklike objects)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-zhī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhī (yìzhāng)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhīchí zhídáchē</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhīdao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for watches) directly only paper to cure support non-stop bus to know</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhígōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">staff and worker, employee (staff member or worker)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhìhuì zhìliáo zhīma jiàng zhī/nèi zhīpiào zhīpiàoběn zhìqì ...zhī yī zhìzào zhìzàochǎng zhōng (yíge) zhōng -zhōng zhōng zhòng zhòng Zhōngcān zhòngdiǎn zhōngfàn Zhōngguo huà Zhōngguo Lūxíngshè </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngguo Wenxue Shī </span><span class="font5">zhōngj iān Zhōngshānlíng Zhōngshān Běilù zhōngtóu Zhōngwen zhōngwu zhōngxīn zhōngxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">wisdom to treat, to cure sesame paste within checks checkbook will, ambition one of the... to manufacture manufacturing plant clock o’clock kind to be swollen to be heavy to plant, to grow (something) Chinese food key point, central point lunch Chinese language (spoken) China Travel Agency </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">History of Chinese Literature </span><span class="font5">the middle, in between the name of Sun Yatsen’s tomb Chungshan North Road (Taipei) hour Chinese language noon center middle school (equal to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">junior and senior high school)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhòngyào Zhōucháo zhū zhù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zhuàng (chuàng) zhuǎngào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be important</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Chou Dynasty (1122-255 B.C.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">Pig</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to stay at, to live in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to bump into, to collide with</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to pass on a message, to inform</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhǔchí jiéhun</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to preside at a marriage ceremony (i.e., to give the bride away)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zhǔkè zhǔnbèi zhuozi (yìzhāng) zhǔxí zhùyá zhǔyào zhùyi zhǔyì zhù yǐyuàn zhùzai zhùzuò zì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zìdiān (yìběn) zìdòng zìdònghuà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">. w ZIJĪ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">guest of honor to prepare, to plan table chairman cavity, decayed tooth to be essential to pay attention principles, -ism to stay at a hospital to stay at, live in writings, works character (Chinese writing) dictionary automatic to automate oneself (yourself, myself, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">Zǐjìnchéng zìliǔdì zongde lai shuō zǒng Jǐnglǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">the Forbidden City private plot of land on the whole</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">general manager, chief executive officer</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zǒngshi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zǒu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zou</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zōucuo le zoudao zoudao tou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">always</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to go</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to leave</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have gone the wrong way to walk to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to walk to the end (of</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">zoudexiaqu zǒuguò le zǒulāng zōuzhe</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">zouzou zú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be able to walk down to have walked past corridor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">walking</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take a walk</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to be enough, to be</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">sufficient</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zuànshí zūchuqu. zǔfu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">w w zumu zuì zuìhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">diamond to rent out paternal grandfather paternal grandmother most, -est it would be best</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font5">zuìhòu Zuì Jí zuìjin zuìshǎo zǔguó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">the last, at the end Drunken Chicken most recently</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">at least, at the minimum ancestral homeland, fatherland</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">-zuò zuS zuò zuò zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">(counter for massive objects) left (direction)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to make</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to do</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to take, to go by, to ride, to sit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zuò zuǒbian(r) zuòbuwan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font5">to ride (prepositional verb) left side</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to not be able to finish doing</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zuòdewan zuòdao zuò fan zuòguò zuò j iā zuòhǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">to be able to finish doing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to ride to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to cook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to ride past</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">professional writer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">to have finished doing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5">(something), (something has been finished)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">zuóliào zuò maimai zuò shi zuótian zuòwán zuòyè zuòyong zuoyòu zuòzhǎ zùzhi zūzhòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font5">condiments, ingredients to do business to work yesterday to finish doing homework use, function approximately, about author organization, to organize to rent for farming</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font5">256 GPO 785-001-63164</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup><a name="bookmark52"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font5"> Brackets indicate additional information that you may find helpful but are not responsible for.</span></p>
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