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- <p><span class="font3">CM 0310 S</span></p><a name="caption1"></a>
- <h1><a name="bookmark0"></a><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark1"></a>STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach</span></h1>
- <p><span class="font8">MODULE 8: TRAVELING IN CHINA STUDENT TEXT AND WORKBOOK</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">SPONSORED BY</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS</span></p>
- <p><span class="font14">This publication is to be used primarily in support of training military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font14">Defense Language Institute</span></p>
- <p><span class="font14">Foreign Language Center</span></p>
- <p><span class="font14">Nonresident Instruction Division Presidio of Monterey, CA 93940</span></p>
- <p><span class="font14">Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view are sometimes included in language training for DLIFLC students, since military personnel may find themselves in positions where clear understanding of conversations or written material of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, of the Defense Language Institute, or of the Department of Defense.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font14">In DLIFLC publications, the words "he,” “him,” and “his” denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts.</span></p>
- <h2><a name="bookmark2"></a><span class="font8"><a name="bookmark3"></a>STANDARD CHINESE</span></h2>
- <p><span class="font7">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">STUDENT TEXT AND WORKBOOK</span></p>
- <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">MODULES: TRAVELING IN CHINA</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">DRAFT EDITION</span></p>
- <p><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">JULY 1982</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Table of Contents</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Objectives for the Travel Module .................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">About Module Eight .............. ..........</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unit 1 Travel Plans with Lúxíngshè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference List......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List.....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference Notes.......'.......... . . .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 2 Workbook.....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Exercise Dialogues . . . '.................</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unit 2</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Education in Bětjīng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference List......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference Notes .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 2 Workbook ................ . . . .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Exercise Dialogues.......... .</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unit 3</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unit U</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sìjìqīng People’s Commune</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference List ......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List ..................... Reference Notes ..................... Tape 1 Review Dialogue .................. Tape 2 Workbook..................... Exercise Dialogues ....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ancient Architectural Art</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference List ......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List ......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference Notes . .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 2 Workbook ......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Exercise Dialogues ....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unit </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">5</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Economic Construction and Natural Resources</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference List .......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List.................. . . . . Reference Notes ...................... Tape 1 Review Dialogue ................... Tape 2 Workbook ...................... Exercise Dialogues .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unit </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">6</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> National Minorities</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference List ......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference Notes .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 2 Workbook .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Exercise Dialogues ............... .....</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unit 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference List......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference Notes............•....... . .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 1 Review Dialogue . .................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 2 Workbook .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Exercise Dialogues ....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unit 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference List......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List......................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Reference -Notes . ....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 1 Review Dialogue............... . .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tape 2 Workbook .....................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Exercise Dialogues . . , . ................</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vocabulary List for the Module..............•.....</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">List of Tapes in this Module ....................</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-1.png" alt="" style="width:471pt;height:632pt;"><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-2.png" alt="" style="width:473pt;height:635pt;">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Wǒmen zínme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chēnghu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nín hlo ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Lfii zhèli </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cānguān f&ngwènd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e rén dǒu jiao wǒ LXo Wing.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Nín xiing zhèijiàn shi zénme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ānpii bījiio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hSo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wǒ xiing zuì hlo ding wǒ hé ShànghXi fángmian </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liinxì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yíxià </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài shuǒ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Tīngshuǒ nín duì zhèi yí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dài-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fāngyin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hen yǒu yinjiū.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: NÌli! Wǒ zhī shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liSojié </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìdiinr, tinbudào yǒu yinjiǔ.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: Xiànzài Zhǒngguǒ yǒngde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíyǒu dabùfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi zì jI shēngchinde, duì ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù, £u£nbù shi zìjī shēng-chinde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Dabùfen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">béifāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rén dǒu huì shuo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǔtǒnghuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. duì bu duì?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Òu, bù zhī shi béifǎng rén, h?n duǒ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ninfǎng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rénde pǔtǒnghuì y? bú cud.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: MÍngtiān wǒ Jiù cǒng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shenzhen 11 ling</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: 6, zhème kuài! Wǒ hid </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yīwéi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nī néng gěn wǒmen dào Sǔzhǒu qù winr Jitiān ne!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dǒngbéi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xíbéi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nī dǒu qù-guo le ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zài DǒngbSi vǒ zhī cǎnguǎnle </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dicing.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Xībéi hii méi qù ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How should we address you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">People who come here to visit all call me Lio Wing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What do you think would be the best way to arrange this?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I think it would be best to wait until I’ve contacted Shanghai and then we'll see about it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I've heard that you're an expert on the dialect of this area.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh no! I just know a little about it; I couldn't say I'm an expert.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China now produces most of the oil that it uses, isn't that right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, they produce all of it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Most northerners can speak the standard language, can't they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, not Just northerners. A lot of southerners speak standard Chinese pretty well, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tomorrow I'm going to leave the country from Shenzhen.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, so soon! I thought you could go with us to Sǔzhǒu for a few days.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You've been to Manchuria and the Northwest, haven't you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In Manchuria I've only visited Daqing, and I haven't been to the Northwest yet.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Ní xiin x3u hlo le, w8 Jiù líl.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hlo. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hui tóu ji&n</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Zhèiwèi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xuézhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yénjiūde shi nei fǎngmiànde wèntí?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tā yánjiūde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhSyào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìiy&n</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> he </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yǔy&nxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xinjiang Nèiméng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yídài meiyou hSn duo rén shuō pútōnghuà ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì, zìi nèixiē dìfang, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ahioshù mínzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ySyin </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhǔyàode dìwei.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Nlmen xiing qùde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìqǔ quin </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">d3u qù. le ba? Hái you shénme wèntí meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Meiyou shénme wèntí le, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Luxíngshèd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e gōngzuò </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">giod</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e hén hao,"w3men hen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">m&nyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12. iSxíngtuán</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">13. GuXngxī 1U. Guilin</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">15. Yúnnán</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">16. Guizhou</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">17. Huébèi</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">18. Huánán</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">19• Huángshān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You go ahead and leave. I'll be right there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. See you in a while.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What subject does this scholar study?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">She mainly studies languages and linguistics.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia not many people speak standard Chinese, do they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. In those places the minority nationality languages occupy the major position.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you been to all the regions you wanted to go to? Do you have any more questions?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We don't have any more questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The China Travel Service did a very good Job and we're very pleased.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tour group</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(an autonomous region, formerly spelled Kwangs!)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a famous scenic city in GuXngxī)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province in southern China)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province, formerly spelled Kweichow)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">north China</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">south China</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a famous scenic mountain in Ǎnhuī province)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit 1, Vocabulary Liat</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ānpái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to arrange</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">běifāng bíjiìo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the north comparatively</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cǎnguǎn chěnghu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to visit and observe to call</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàbùfen dài Daqing dìqū Dōngběi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mostly</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zone, area, belt</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a city in HěilSngjiǎng province area, district,'region Manchuria</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fSngwèn fíngyán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to visit and meet with dialect</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gio Gulngxī Guilin Guizhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to do</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province in south China) (a city in Gulngxī province)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province of China)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Huábéi Huánán Huángshān huítáu Jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">north of China</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">south of China (a mountain in Ānhuī province) See you later!</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">liínxi liíoji?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lí Jlng líxíngshè lúxíngtuín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to contact</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to understand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to leave a country or place travel service, travel agency tour group</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mínzú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ethnic group, nation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nánflng Nèimíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the south Inner Mongolia</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">pútSnghuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the common (standard) language</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">quin quánbù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">entirely entire, whole</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shloshù shloshù mínzú Shenzhen shíyúu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">small number, few, minority minority nationality</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a city in GuIngdSng province) petroleum, oil</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xlbH Xīnjiíng xuézhí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">northvest</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(an autonomous region of China) scholar</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ylvéi Yúnnán yúy£n yìlyánxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to think (mistakenly), to assume (a province of China) language linguistics</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">...zai shu5 zhìn zhùyào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">...and then ve’ll see about it to occupy, to take up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">main, mainly</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit 1, Reference Notes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: W3men zēnme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chēnghu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nín How should we address you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hlo ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Lái zhèll </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cānguān flngwènd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e People who come here to visit all rén dōu jiao w5 Lio Wing. call me Lio Wing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Asking how to address someone</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: If you are not sure how to address someone, it is usually acceptable to ask the person himself. Most Chinese recognize that they have a complicated system of terms of address, and are happy to answer such questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chenghu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to address" or "form of address"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Kuài gàosu wo, w3 gāi zēnme Quick tell me: how should I</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chēnghu nīde fùmǔ ne? address your parents?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiang "Xilo Wing," "Lio Zhang" Forms of address like "Xilo Wing”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhèizhSng chēnghu xiànzài and "Lio Zhang" are now very</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hēn llúxíng le. common.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">. . . hlo ne?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "Would it be best to . . . ?" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">W&nen zēnme chēnghu nín </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">acts as the subject of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hlo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Here is a diagram:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3men zēnme chēnghu nín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hlo ne?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(CForJ us to address you how</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Cwould1 be good?) —</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"How would it be best for us to address you?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">For sentences with a similar structure, compare 2A and 8A below. Here sure three further examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zēnme zuS hlo? What should I do?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zēnme chi hlo ne? How should it be cooked (lit.,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"eaten")?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 zhēn bù zhīdào gàosu ta hlo I really don't know whether I should ne, hllshi bú. gàosu ta hlo? tell him or not.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Cānguān,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> literally, "enter-look," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">flngwèn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. literally, "visit-interview, " are both sometimes translated as "to visit," but there an important difference in their meaning: you </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cānguān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> a place (like a museum), but you </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">flngwèn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> people. Thus, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cānguān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is translated as "visit and observe," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">flngwèn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as "visit and talk with." By extension, you can also </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">flngwèn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> a place, but this implies a formal visit to a country or visits to factories or offices where the visitors have a chance to talk with the responsible people and workers. In addition, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">flngwèn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> also sometimes translates the English verb</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"to interview.” Examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WS bù xìhuan cānguān zhèiyangde difang, w3 xiāng cānguān gòngchāng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Duìbuql xiànsheng, zhèli shi Jǔnshì dìqǔ, bù kéyi cānguān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qùnián w5 zài Zhōngguó fāngwènle liāngge gànbu Jiātíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài liāngge xīngqīlī, tāmen fāngvènle liùge chéngshì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhè zhěn shi yícì y3u yìside fāngwèn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zuótiān tāmen qù fāngvènle yíwèi y8u mingde Zhongguó xuézhā.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don’t like to visit this kind of place. I vant to visit a factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I'm sorry, sir. This is a military zone; sightseeing is not permitted.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Last year in China I visited tvo cadres’ families.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They visited six cities in tvo veeks. (Implies that they talked vith city officials.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This vas really an interesting visit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yesterday they vent to interview a famous Chinese scholar.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nín xiāng zhèijiàn shi zānme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ānpii bíjiāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hāo?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: W3 xiāng zuì hāo dāng v8 he Shànghāi fangmian </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liinxì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yíxià </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài shu5</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What do you think would be the best vay to arrange this?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I think it would be best to vait until I’ve contacted Shanghai and then we*11 see about it.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The structure of sentence 2A, vhich is similar to that of 1A, can be diagrammed this vay:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèijiàn shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zānme ānpii</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; bījiāo hāo?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(CAs forJ this matter</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">how arrange</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">J Cwould beJ compara-i tively better?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ǎnpíi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to arrange," "to set up"</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā zSngshi bā shíjiān ānp&ide hān hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni xiān bā zhuōzi ānpaihāo, kèren kuài lii le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā Sānyuè ylqiin Jiu bú zài zhèr, bèi ānpii dào biede dìfang qu le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He always arranges his time well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">First arrange the tables; the guests will be here soon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He had left here even before March, having been assigned to another location.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bliiāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bíjiào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "Comparatively," "relatively," "more" is the meaning in sentence 2A. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">BĪJi&o</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> also has the following meanings:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) "to compare":</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yàoshi bījiào zhè li&ngge chéng-shì, w8 háishi xīhuan Hāngzhōu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you compare these two cities, I prefer Hángzhòu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3men key! biJiao yixià shei We can compare who did it better, zuòde hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(3) "fairly," "rather"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jlntiān bījiào leng, duo chuǎn It’s rather cold today, put on some diānr ylfú. clothing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Context will often tell you whether </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bījiāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as an adverb implies a comparison (in which case it should be translated "more") or does not imply a comparison as "rather" or "fairly").</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā shi bījiāo ài Jiāng huàde rén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi liíngge bànfa, níige bīJiSo y5u xiào?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dìèrge bànfa bīji&o y8u xiào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Cóng zhèr dào chéngli qù, zuò dìtiě bīji&o kùài yidi&nr.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">as comparatively, relatively, or (in which case it should be translated</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He is a rather talkative person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of these two methods, which is more effective?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The second is more effective.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">To go into the city from here, it’s somewhat faster by subway.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shànghāi fāngmian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Literally, "the Shànghāi side," meaning the concerned party in Shànghāi. In this sentence, the best English translation is simply "Shànghāi." For more examples of this use of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fāngmian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, see the Society module, Unit 1, Notes on No. 8.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liānxì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to contact," "to get in touch with," or as a noun, "connection," "tiesT” </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Liānxì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be between individual! people, groups, or phenomena:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3men yījīng ySu liāngsānniān meiySu liānxì le, bù zhī-dào tā zuìjìn zSnmeyàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi liāngge wèntí méiyou shenme liānxì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèixiē niān lāi, Zhong-Mil liāngguóde liānxì yuè lāi yuè guāng le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liānxì yíxià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yíxià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> here learned in the Meeting module, pass on the message for you." casual feeling, similar to the is not translated as "a while"</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We haven’t been in touch for two or three years. I wonder how he has been lately.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There's no connection between these two questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the past few years, ties between China and the U.S. have been getting broader and broader.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is used the same way as in a sentence you Unit 8: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">W8 tì nī zhuāngào yíxià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "I will </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yíxià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "one time," and simply adds a effect of reduplicating a verb. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yíxià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> here or "a little bit.") Reduplicating the verb</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">has about the same meaning: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liánxì lianxi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">DEng , . zài shu5</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> literally means "Wait until . • . and then talk</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">about it?" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zài shu5</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is~often better translated as "see about it" or "deal with it." </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Deng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can sometimes be translated simply as "when."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Míngtiǎn zài shuǒ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Deng tǎ láile zài shuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W?5men xiín shìshi kàn zài shu5.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’ll see about that tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’ll see about that when he gets here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let’s try it out first and then see about it.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Tīngshuō nín duì zhèi yí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dài-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎngyán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hén y3u yánjiǔ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Náli! W8 zhī shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liǎojiè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìdiǎnr, tánbudào y3u yánjiū.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve heard that you’re an expert on the dialect of this area.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh no! I Just know a little about it; I couldn't say I'm an expert.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "zone," "area," "belt" The original meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is a belt or band, as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pidài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "leather belt," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lùylndài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "recording tape," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiédài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "shoelaces." It is easy to see why it has also come to mean "belt" in a geographical sense, and by extension, "zone" or "area." </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-Dài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used in such words as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rèdài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (literally "hot-zone") "the tropics," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìdài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "zone," "region." It is also used in the common phrases </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhèi yídài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "this area," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánhǎi yídài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "coastal region" (you will learn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánhǎi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in Unit 5 of this module).</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi yídài wǎnshang hǎn wēixiǎn. Nl yíge rén chūqu déi xiǎoxīn diǎnr.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This area is dangerous at night. You’d better be careful if you go out alone.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You can use names of regions in the pattern </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">. . . yídài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ting nl shu5 huà, nl dàgài shi Shǎnbéi yídài rén.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">From the way you speak, I'd guess you’re from the area of northern ShǎnxI.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎngyán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "dialect" (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Fǎng-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìfǎng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "place," here means "local." </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-Yán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> forms part of the word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìiyán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "language," which is presented in sentence 9B.) In linguistics, the word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎngyán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used as we use the word "dialect." In common Chinese usage, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎngyán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> also refers to the various Chinese languages (such as Cantonese) which are not intelligible to a speaker of Standard Chinese. See also the note on </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǔtǒnghuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> under Number 5.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liǎojil</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: As a state verb, "to understand," "to grasp," "to comprehend," and as an action verb, "to find out," "to acquaint oneself with." As a state verb, it can be used in the pattern </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">duì . . . liǎojié</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (see the fourth and fifth examples below).</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">As a state vert</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NT bù liāojiā qíngkuàng.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You don’t understand the situation.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā hān liāojiā nàlide qíngkuàng.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He understands the situation there quite well.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tāde guòqù, wō liāojiāde fēi-chèng qìngchú.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I am very familiar with his past history.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī duì tā hái bù liāojiā.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You still don’t understand him.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Duì Zhōngguó lìshì wō liāojiāde bú gòu.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don't know enough about Chinese history.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">As an action verb</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni dào nàr qù yīqián zuì hāo li&oji? yíxià nàrde fēngsú.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Before you go there, you would do well to acquaint yourself with the (local) customs.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō xiāng liāojiā liāojiā rén-mín shānghuōde qíngkuàng.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I would like to find out about the (daily) life</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">of the people.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When the word "know’’ means to understand a person, it into Chinese as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liāojiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">must be translated</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā àiren zuì liāojiā ta.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">His wife knows him "Her husband . .</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">best, (or</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Rènshi tā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> simply means "to be acquainted with him," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhìdao tā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "to know </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">of</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> him.")</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">comments. speaker,</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tánbudào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "cannot speak of . . ." A polite response to flattering After </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tánbudào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, you usually repeat the words of the first e.g.,</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni duì Māiguō wénhuà hān liāojiā.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tinbudào liāojiā, wō zhī shi duì zhèifāngmiàn hān yōu xìngqu.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You understand American culture very well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s kind of you to say so ("One cannot speak of understanding it”), but I’m</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">just very interested in it.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànzài Zhōngguō yòngde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíyóu dàbùfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi zìjī shēngchānde, duì ba?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China now that it</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">produces most of the oil uses, isn't that right?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bù, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">quánbù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi zìjī shēngchānde.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, they produce all of it.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notea on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíyōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "petroleum,*' "oil" (literally, "rock-oil," which, incidentally,</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark4"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark5"></a>$</span></h3>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is also the meaning of the English word "petroleum ) Examples: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíyōu gōngyè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "the oil industry"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíyōu huàxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "petrochemistry."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàbùfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the most part," "for the most part," "mostly" The stress in this word is on the syllable dà-, and in conversation, the middle syllable,</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-bu-, is often neutral tone (you may the u sound missing).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Use </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàbùfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> to modify a verb or</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mēiguō rén </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàbùfen d5u yōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> , zìjlde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dàbùfen Mēiguō rén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōu y3u zìjīde chē.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">even hear what sounds like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dabfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, with a noun:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Most Americans have their own car.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">duì ba?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "isn’t that correct?" "isn't that so?" You have already learned to ask for the listener’s confirmation by using </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shì bu shl?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shì ma? </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">duì bu dul?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">duì ma?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> at the end of a sentence. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shì ba?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">duì ba?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> are also used in the same sentence position to ask for confirmation, but because of the marker </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ba,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> they imply that the speaker is fairly sure that his information is correct.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">quánbù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "entire," "whole," "all"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèixiē shū wō quánbù dōu kànguo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">TSde qián quánbù yōng zài 13-xíngshang le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā gēi wōde gōngzuè, wō hái méi quánbù zuòwán ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ shuōde huà quánbù méi yōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NT bù zhldào tide quánbù qíng-kuàng zēnme néng hi ta Jiēhǔn?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve read all of these books.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">His money was all used up by the trip, ("used on the trip")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I haven't finished all of the work he gave me yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Everything he said is nonsense (worthless, useless).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How can you marry him without knowing his whole situation?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;">5.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> A: Dabùfen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bēifāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rén dōu Most northerners can speak the</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huì shuō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pùtōnghuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. duì standard language, can't they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bu duì?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: du, bù zhJ shi bēifǎng rén, Oh, not Just northerners. A lot hēn duo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nánfǎng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rénde of southerners speak standard</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">pǔtōnghuà yé bú cud. Chinese pretty well, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bēifǎng,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "the north" of a country, and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nánfǎng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "the south" of a country: When used with reference to China, these terms usually mean the area north of the Huáng Hé (Yellow River) and the area south of the Chángjiāng (Yangtze River), respectively. The area between the rivers is usually considered central China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Béifǎng ran xīhuan chī nrlànshí, Northerners like to eat foods made</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nánflng rén xīhuan chī mlfan. from wheat, and southerners like</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to eat rice.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎde Zhōngguo huà yǒu nǎnfǎng His Chinese has a southern accent, kǒuyīn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǔtǒnghuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the common speech,” the usual designation in the PRC for what we have called in this course "Standard Chinese." </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">PǔtSnghuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is officially defined as consisting of the sound system of Béijīng speech, the vocabulary and idiom of northern speech, and the grammar of exemplary modem vernacular writings. It would be inaccurate to equate </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǔtǒnghuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> with either </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">beifang huà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">("northern speech") or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Beijing huà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ("Béijīng speech"), because </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǔtǒnghuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> has absorbed many elements from other dialects, contributing to its richness. Conversely, such things as purely regional expressions (including those of Béijīng itself) and non-standard pronunciations are not considered </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǔtSnghuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Before the PRC, the term </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǔtǒnghuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> already existed, but referred to the approximations of Mandarin spoken by the common people of northern China. (In Taiwan, the term </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guǒyǔ.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "the national language," is used for the officially promoted standard language.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bù zhī shi béifǎng rén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "not Just northerners" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bù zhī shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "not only," can be followed by a noun, verb, or clause. Sometimes you may hear </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú Jiù shi, bú dàn shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bù guǎng shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bù Jīn shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (which you will learn in the Life in China module), with the same meaning. The </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is necessary before a noun but may be omitted before a verb:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WSmen bàngǒngshì bù zhī (shi) In our office, there are not only yǒu Méiguo rén, hǎl ySu Jīge Americans, but also some Chinese Zhongguo rén bang wSmen gǒngzuò. who help us.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tomorrow I’m going to leave the country from Shenzhen.</span></p>
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- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Míngtiǎn wS Jiù cǒng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shenzhen lí Jìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: 0, zhème kuài! WS hǎi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yīwéi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nī néng gēn wSmen dào Sūzhǒu qù wánr Jitiǎn ne!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, so soon! I thought you could go with us to Sūzhǒu for a few days.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shēnzhèn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, formerly known by its the border stop on the railroad from</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Cantonese pronunciation, Shumchun, is Hong Kong to Guǎngzhǒu (Canton).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lí Jìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "leave a country," literally, "leave-boundary" You can also say </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ehū Jìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yīwéi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to mistakenly think" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rènwéi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, which you will learn in the next unit, both mean "to think that . . . «" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yīwéi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> adds the meaning that the subject's impression was wrong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī yīwéi wǒ bù zhīdào?! WS You thought I didn't know?! I heard zǎo Jiu tīngshuō le! about it a long time ago!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 yīwéi w8 yíge rén kéyi ní-deddng, shíi zhīdào name zhùng.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I thought I could carry it by ny-self; who would have thought It was so heavy?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">W8 híi yiwél</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "I thought (mistakenly)” You have learned </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">híi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as "still" and as "also, additionally.” This </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">híi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> has a different meaning and is not translated. It emphasizes that the subject was under a wrong impression. This meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hii</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is most clearly seen with the verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xl&ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">W8 híi xiāng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">means ”1 mist kenly thought,” whereas </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">W5 xilng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> does not specify whether the judgment was right or wrong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">du, shi ni ya! W3 híi xiāng (OR yiwél) shi biérén ne!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nī tīngshuōle ma? Tā shēng-le ge érzi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: du, wS híi bù zhīdào ne!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dōngbāi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xībll</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nī dǒu qù-guo le ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zài Dōngbāi w8 zhī cānguānle </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dàqìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Xībāi híi mél qù ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, it's you! I thought It was someone else.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you heard? She had a baby boy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, I didn't know! (Here, it is not a mistaken impression but the previous lack of any information on the subject which </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">híi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">emphasizes)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You've been to Manchuria and the Northwest, haven't you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In Manchuria I've only visited Dàqìng, and I haven't been to the Northwest yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dōngbli</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xībll</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Although you learned this is in the Directions module, it bears repeating that combined direction names ("northwest,” "southeast,” etc.) are said in the reverse order from English:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xībll (west-north) northwest</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xīnín (west-south) southwest</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dSngbli (east-north) northeast</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dSngnín (east-south) southeast</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dǒngbāi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the Northeast," "Manchuria" The northeastern region of China, consisting of the three provinces of Liíoníng, Jilin, and Hēilíngjiing, is sometimes called Manchuria because the largest indigenous minority is the Manchu, or Mln, nationality. Of China's 2.6 million Mln, most live scattered throughout these three provinces and Hébll; there are also smaller Mln populations in the cities of Blijīng, Chengdu, Xi'an, and Hohhot. The Mln, and before them their ancestors the NÙzhén (Nuchen or Juchen, an ancient nationality of the same region), were a major force in Chinese history from the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jin Dynasty, in which the N&zhēn ruled northern China for over a century (1115-123^), to the Manchu-run Qlng Dynasty (1644-1911). After the Qlng dynasty established its capital in BliJIng, great numbers of Màn filtered south through Shinhli Pass in HébSi and intermixed with the Hàn Chinese. To this century, large-scale Hàn migration to the Northeast (hundreds of thousands every year) has caused the region’s population to swell to 99.4 million (1976 estimate), of which only 2.4 million are of the Min nationality. Although their ethnic origins are distinct from the Hàn Chinese, the Mln today are virtually assimilated with the Hàn racially, culturally, and linguistically. Most, for example, speak only Chinese; the Mln language, which in the last dynasty was still used alongside Chinese in official court documents, is well on its way to extinction (some Min speakers remain in Àihul and Fùyù counties in Hēilóngjiàng).</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-3.png" alt="" style="width:205pt;height:264pt;">
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">The three provinces of the Northeast</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xlbii</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the Northwest," a region which includes Níngxià, Xinjiang, Qlngh&i, Shànxl, and Ginsù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qùguo le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "have gone to" Notice verb phrase with the ending </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-guo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Here</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nl chiguo fàn le ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: ChlguB le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ta zuì xlnde dianyIng nl kànguo le ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kànguo le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">that nev-situation </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> may follow a are some other examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you eaten yet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you seen his latest movie yet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Paging</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: An oil-producing center (recently given the statue of a city) in the Síng-Nln Plain of southern Héllflngjiāng province. Daqing is the nation’s leading producer of crude oil, accounting for more than one third of the crude oil volume. China’s oil industry has only developed since 19^$, and it was the monumental exploration and drilling at Daqing, under extremely adverse conditions, that in large part enabled China to meet her own oil needs by 1963. In 1961:, Mio ZédSng called on the whole nation to learn from Dàqìng in industry (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gōngyè xué Daqing</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">), a slogan which continued to be heard through the Cultural Revolution.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Nl xiǎn z3u hao le, w8 jiù You go ahead and leave. I’ll be lii. right there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hlo. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Huí tóu jiìn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Okay. See you in a while.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. fl</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">. . . hlo le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: The ending </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hlo le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. literally "and then it will be okay," has a special meaning; the translation varies with the context. It is used when the speaker (1) agrees to something, permits someone to do something, or suggests that someone do something, or care if something happens.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(1) WS qù hlo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhao nl shuōde ban hlo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl shuō Zhōngwén hlo le, wS tīngdedSng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl níqu hlo le, wS yòngwin le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) Nl bú qù hlo le, w8 bù gioxìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rang ti shuS hlo le, wS bù guln!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Huí tóur .11 in</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "See you later" literally, "turn one’s head," is used</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Huí tóu wSmen zìl tin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WS huí t6u jiù Hi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) gives in to something, doesn’t</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ll go. (AGREEING TO DO SOMETHING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’ll do it your way, then. (AGREEING TO DO SOMETHING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Go ahead and speak Chinese. I understand. (SUGGESTING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Go ahead and take it. I'm finished with it. (PERMITTING)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So don't go, then. But I'm not happy about it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let him say what he wants to; I don't care!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a Blijīng expression. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Huí t6u, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">colloquially to mean "later," as in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We'll talk it over later.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I'll be there in a minute.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Use </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Huí tóur jiin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> when you expect to see the other person shortly.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Zhèiwíi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xuézhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yénjiǔde shi</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">něifěngmiìnde vent ft</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: T8 yánjlūde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhǔyào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yǔyán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> he </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yuyánxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What subject does this scholar study?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">She mainly studies languages and linguistics.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xuézhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "scholar" You will find the ending </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-zhě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in a number of words where it means -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">de rén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "a person who...." In Unit U, you will learn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuò-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhé. "worker (in a certain field)." Other examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dúzhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> reader (dú, "read," will be presented in the next</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">module)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jìzhě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> reporter, Journalist (lit., "one who records things")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huòdézhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> recipient of a prize, etc. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huBdé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "to obtain") </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhǔyào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: As an adjective, "major/main/essential," and as an adverb, "mainly, "essentially":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qù XTbéi, zh^yàode mùdi shi The main reason for going to the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiXng liXoJié yidiínr guǎnyú Northwest is to find out about nàrde néngyè shěngchln qíngkuàng. agricultural production there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WSmen zhèr zhǔyàode wèntí shi méi qiin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nir zhìíyiLo zhinlln xiē shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Néng bu néng qù, zhūyìo kin shíjiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ti zhúyìo Jilngde shi ZhSngguo-de shíyfiu shěngchln qíngkuing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There are times when </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhSyio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> must be t as "mainly," for example:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our main problem here is that we have no money.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What are the main things they exhibit there? ("What mainly do they exhibit there?")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Whether or not we can go depends mainly on time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He spoke mainly about China's oil production.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">islated as "essentially" rather than</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 JlntiSn líi, zhúyio shi I came today essentially because</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ylnwei w3de péngyou d5u lii le. all my friends came.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This sentence does not imply that there are any other reasons of lesser importance.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ySy&n</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "language" The counter for a language is usually -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zh8ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "kind":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xué yìzhSng ytíyán bú shi yìtiin Learning a language isn't something liXngtiinde shì. you can do overnight ("in a day</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">or two").</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngwén shi yìzh8ng bìjilo nin xuéde yùyin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese is a rather difficult language to learn.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā chingchíng Jiao tamen yìxiē bù yīnggāi jiāode yùyén.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He often teaches them language (words and phrases) that shouldn't be taught.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-Yù can be used</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">as the ending for the names of languages:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yīngyǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">English</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xìbānyíyǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Spanish</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hànytt</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Déyù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">German</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rìytt</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Japanese</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fāyǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">French</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Álābōytt</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Arabic</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Éyù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Russian</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mānyù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Manchurian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yìndìyù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hindi</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wàiyù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">foreign language</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The ending -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngguó huà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) refers to just the spoken language.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-Wen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can refer to (1) the written, or (2) the written plus the spoken. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-Yù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">does not differentiate spoken and written.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xìnjiāng Nèimāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yídàl méiyou hān duo rén shuǒ pùtōnghuà ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì, zài nàixiē dìfang, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shāoshù mínzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yǔyán </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhǔyàode dìwei.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia not many people speak standard Chinese, do they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. In those places the minority nationality languages occupy the major position.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xlnjiāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Formerly spelled Sinkiang in English. Xinjiang, an autonomous region (not a province) in northwest China, has the largest area of all China's provinces and autonomous regions. Population: 12 million (1981 est.), of which about 6 million are of the Uygur nationality. For a description of the region and its people, see Unit </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">6</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Reference Notes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Nèimāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Also </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Nèi Mānggù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Inner Mongolia (also called Nel Monggol) is an autonomous region in north central China, population 9 million. About twenty percent of the population are Mongols. The capital is Hohhot (in Chinese, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Huhéháotè)</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Note</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: The facts as represented in exchange 10 need to be qualified. It is true that the minority nationality languages are still the most widely used in the vast rural areas of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and other minority nationality regions. The larger cities in these regions, however, now have substantial Hàn Chinese populations, and in some cities the Hàn are even in the majority.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shāoshù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "minority" or "a minority of," "a small number of" This is the opposite of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">duōshù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "majority," which you learned in the Society module.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tāmen shi shāoshù. They are in the minority.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhX ySu shloshù Min rén hái There are only a ^mall number of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">néng shuS Mànyú. Manchurians who can still speak</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Manchu language.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mínzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "nationality," "a people," or "nation" in the non-governmental sense: a people vho share common origins, history, customs, and language. Examples: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ZhSnghuá mínzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the Chinese nation"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ālabú mínzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the Arab nation"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mínzú dúlì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "national independence."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">MèiguS shi yíge duo mínzúde America is a nation of many ethnic</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guSjiǎ. groups.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ShKoshù mínzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is "minority nationality," often translated as "national minority." In the U.S., we more often speak of "ethnic minorities," but the Chinese prefer the translation "minority nationalities."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "to occupy" a space, area, or position, (2) "to make up," "to constitute," a proportion of an amount, or (3) "to take up" an amount of time</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zènme h&i y3u rén zhànzhe zhèige * féngjiàn? Gǎi wSmen ydng le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèizhang zhuSzi tài zhàn difang le, bK ta bānchuqu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige féngzi zhànde dìfang ySu duS dà?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài wSmen xuéxiàode xuéshěngzhǒng, shXoshù mínzú xuéshěng zhàn yí-bàn zuSyòu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xianzài fÙnS zài shèhuìshang zhàn yuè líi yuè zhèngyàode dìwei le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhen duìbuql, zhànle nl bù shXo shíjiin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Why are there still people occupying this room? It's our turn to use it!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This table takes up too much space. Let’s move it out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How much space does this building take up?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Minority nationality students make up about half of the students in our school.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Now women are occupying a more and more important position in society.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Please excuse me for taking up so much of your time.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Nímen xiXng qùde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìqǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> quán dSu qù le ba? HXi ySu shénme wèntí meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Meiyou shénme wèntí le, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Luxíngshèd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e gǒngzud </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gXod</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e hXn hlo,<sup>-</sup>wSmen hXn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">manyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you been to all the regions you wanted to go to? Do you have any more questions?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We don't have any more questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The China Travel Service did a very good job and we're very pleased.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìqǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "region," "district," "area"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Blljlng dlqtt</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Huábli dìqù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duo shin dìqù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">quin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "to be complete," (2) completely"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèitào shū bù quin, dìsìbln meiyíu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Quin shìjiè yígòng y3u duǒshlo zhSng yùyín?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Lilngsānnián méi shuǒ Zhǒngwén le, chàbuduō quin wing le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 bi nèi JlJiìn yīfu quin gli tí le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Bèijīng area</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the north China region</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a mountainous district</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">'whole," "entire," (3) "entirely,"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This set of books is incomplete; the fourth volume is missing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How many languages are there in the whole world?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After not spe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">akin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">g Chinese for tvo or three years, (I) have almost completely forgotten it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I gave all those articles of clothing to </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">him</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Lttringahè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Short for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zh5nggu6 Lflxíngshè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. China Travel Service (CTS), or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngguó Guójì L&xíngshè,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> China International-Travel Service (CITS). These are the tvo government agencies through vhlch all travel arrangements in China are handled. Representatives from CITS accompany tour groups in China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to do," "to carry on," "to field or endeavor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gio shénme ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèijiàn shi wō glolai gloqù globuhlo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gio vèisheng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> a task <sub>4</sub> gio shingchln or endeavor) gio shèhuìzhttyì gio Sìge Xiàndàihuà</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tl shi gio flnyìde.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> a line «</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ti shi gio vénxuéde.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">of work)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">TI shi gio xìnwénde.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ti shi gio nōngyède.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">engage in," "to work in" a certain</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What are you doing? OR What are you up to?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I've tried doing this all different ways and I Just can't get it right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to do cleanup</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to engage in production to practice socialism to carry on the Four Modernizations</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He's a translator. ("He works in translation.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He works in literature.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He's a Journalist/reporter/etc.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He works in agriculture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Glohlo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, which is especially common in political talk, means "to make a good Job of (something)," or "to handle (something) well":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Glohlo shingchln shi vSmen zuì zhdngyàode gǒngzud.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Handling production well is our most Important Job.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used with many resultative verb endings (in the folloving two examples </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is interchangeable with </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">no ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "to do"):</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shéi bl vBde chē glohuii le? Who broke </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Jay</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bicycle/car?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hāi, nl you glocuò le, zhèige No, you’ve got it wrong again. This</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zì bú shi "nilo," shi "wǔ." character isn’t "nilo," it’s "vū."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zénme glode</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is an idiom, used as follows:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zénme glode?!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What went wrong?! What’s wrong?! OR Jíhat the ... ?!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">OR</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tā shuō tā bù lāi le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zénme glode?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tā bù shūfu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hl zénme glode?!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mln^ì: "to be pleased," "to prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "toward,"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hēn du5 rén duì Dlngde yìxiē zhèngcè bù mlnyì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3de huídā, nl mlnyì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā duì nX zhème hlo, nX wèi-shénme h£i bù mlnyì?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yíge mlnyìde huídá</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is an idiom for</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 xīvāng néng géi nl yíge mlnyìde huídl.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nov he says he isn't coming. How come?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He isn't feeling well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">„ What’s with you? OR What's the matter with you? OR What the heck are you doing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">be satisfied" This is often used with the equivalent to English "pleased </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">with"</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Many people are dissatisfied with some of the Party's policies.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are you satisfied with my answer?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He's so good to you; why are you still dissatisfied?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a satisfactory answer."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I hope I can give you a satisfactory answer.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Professor James Armstrong (B) (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Amùsītèlǎng Jiàoshou</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">), the leader of an American tour group visiting China, is talking in his room at the Bēijīng Hotel with Chen Guiqiáng (a) of the China Travel Service (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhǒngguó L&xíngshè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">). Later they are Joined by Beth Troiano (C) (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bèisī Tèluóānnuò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">). an American linguist.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Āmúsītèlǎng Jiàoshou, nín háo, Hello, Professor Armstrong. How</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiūxide zēnmeyàng? Hái lèi bu lei?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hái hlo, bú tài lèi le, shuìle</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yíge zhSngtóu, hǎoduǒ le. Nī zuá, nī zud. Bú yào kèqi. Duì le, w3 hái wangle wen nī, Chen Xiǎnsheng, wB zēnme chēnghu nī hǎo ne?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nín Jiù Jiào w3 Chin GuÚqiáng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hǎo le. Zài zBuláng gōngzuède Lio Wáng zhīdao wB. Nín y3u shi, Jiù Jiào tā zhǎo Xilo Chin, tǎ Jiù zhīdao le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Haha, Lǎo Wáng, Xiǎo Chin, yBu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìsi. Duì le, nī lái, y3u shénme shi ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi zhèiyangrde. W3 lái zhǎo nī,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shi xiǎng zài hi nī tán yixia nī-mende iSxíng Jìhuà.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: WSmen zài Niú Yuēde shíhou,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhèige Jìhuà yījīng chàbuduB ǎnpái-hǎo le, shi Luxíngshè ǎnpáide.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zuijìn l&dngde rin xiǎngdǎng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duo, wSmen zui hǎo zài tányi-tán.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Dāngrán, dingrin. Búguò, nī</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhīdao Bèisī ba?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bèisī? WS xiǎngyixiǎng. À,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bèisī. Tèluóānnuò Xiǎojiē?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yìdiǎnr bú cuò, zhèng shi tǎ!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ bījiǎo liǎoji? wSmen zhèi èrshi-ge rin zuì xīwang cǎnguǎnde dìfang shi shinme. WSmen qīng tǎ lái tintan, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">was your rest? Are you still tired?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Pretty good. I’m not too tired anymore. I slept for an hour and I feel a lot better. Sit down, sit down. Make yourself at home. Oh, yes, I keep forgetting to ask you, Mr. Chen, what shall I call you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Just call me Chin Guóqiáng. Lio Wáng who works in the corridor knows me. If you have any problems, Just tell him to get Xilo Chin. He'll know who.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Haha, Lio Wáng, Xilo Chin, that's interesting. Well: Is there some particular reason you came?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's like this. I've come to see you to discuss your travel plans some more with you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When we were in Nev York, the plans were already almost all arranged. It was the (China) Travel Service that arranged them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There have been quite a few tourists lately. It would be best to discuss Cthis3 some more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of course, of course. But, you know Beth, don't you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Beth? Let me think. Ah, Beth. Miss Troiano?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Absolutely right, that's her! She understands more about what places our group of twenty people most want to visit. Let's ask her to come and discuss this, okay?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: HXoJíle. Yào bu yao w8 qù Sure. Do you want me to go and</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qlng ta? ask her?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú bì. W8 dX ge diànhuà. You don’t have to do that; I’ll</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">make a phone call.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(Professor Armstrong telephones Bet continue to talk while waiting for her.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Jiàoshou, nī Juéde Béijīng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fàndiàn zénmeyàng? Hái kéyi zhù ba?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú cuò, bú cuò. Jiù shi shí-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiān chángle, huì Juéde kǒngqì bù hSo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Haha...</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Troiano, then Chen and Armstrong</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Professor, how do you like the Béijīng Hotel? Is it livable?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's nice, very nice. It's just that after a while one feels that the air isn't good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Haha...</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(There is a knock at the door, then Miss Troiano enters.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: W8 lái le. Zhèiwèi shi...?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here I am. This is...?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Chen Guóqiéng. Zhǒnggué LÌlxíng.-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shède.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: NX hXo. W3 shì Bèisī TèluSānnuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Huānyíng nín líi Zhōnggué cān-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guǎn fàngwèn. Tīngshuǒ nín shi gio yflyánxuéde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Suóyi nínde ZhSngwén name hXo!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: A'. Xiànzài hXn du5 rén duì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhSngwén y8u xìngqu, Zhōngwén hXode rén yuè líi yuè duo le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shìde, shìde. HXo, xiànzài w8-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">men líi tíntan líxíng jìhuàde shì. Zhèige Jìhuà zuì hlo Jíntiān, míngtiln liàngtiàn quínbù ǎnpíi-hXo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: HXode, hXode.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: W8men zhèicì líide èrshige rén,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàbùfèn shi xuézhé, Jiàoshòu. Zài Nitt Yuè, w&nen yījíng hé Zhǒngguó fSngmiàn liínxìguò le, wSmen duì Zhíngguóde gSngnóngyè qíngkuàng, jiàoyù qíngkuàng dou hén y5u</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chen Guéqiíng, of the China Travel Service.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How are you? I'm Beth Troiano.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Welcome to China. I've heard that you work in linguistics?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's why your Chinese is so good!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, a lot of people are interested in Chinese now. And there are more and more people with good Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, yes. All right, let's talk about your travel plans. It would be best to arrange the whole thing in the next day or two.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fine, fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The majority of our group of 25 who came this time are scholars and professors. In New York, we have already been in contact with the Chinese. We are very much interested in the Chinese industrial</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xìngqu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nìmen zhèicì zhǔyào shi zài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shànghāi, Bèijìng zhèixiē dìfangr cānguān, fāngwèn, shi bu shi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font18" style="font-style:italic;">C:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Duì le. Hii yōu, wǒmen yǒu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hén duo rén, duì Zhǒngguóde Dǒng-bāi dìqù féicháng yǒu xìngqu, tèbié shi Dàqìng zhèige shíyóu chéng. Bù zhīdào wǒmen shi bu shi kéyi qù cānguān....?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Qù Dàqìng dàgài méiyou shenme</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wèntí.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wǒmen hái yào qù nèixiē yǒu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">míngde dìfang, xiàng Sǔzhǒu, Hángzhǒu, Huángshān, Guilin, shen-mede. Zhèixiē dìfang hé Zhōng-guóde lìshī, wénhuà, yǒu hen dàde guānxi. Dào Zhōngguó lái, zhèixiē dìfang bù néng bú qù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Dāngrán, dāngrán. Zhèixiē</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dǒu yìjīng chàbuduō ānpálhāo le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nà hāo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">0: Wǒ kéyi bu kéyi dào Zhǒngguóde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xībēi qù yíxià?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: O'. Qù Xlb?i...zhèi yǒu yìdiān</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wèntí.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Zēnme ne? Shi bu shi yīnwei</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shíjiān bú gǒu a?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì, shíjiān bú gǒu. Wǒ xiāng,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nímen zài Zhōngguó Jiù yǒu sìge xīngqí, Huábāi, Dōngbēi, Huánán, Xīnán, bā shíjiān chàbuduō quán zhànwán le. Xiàcì lái Zhōngguó zài qù Xlbāi ba. Nín kàn hāo bù hāo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Duìbùqī, wǒ gāode shi yǔyínxué!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèimēng, Xinjiang yídài wǒ zhěn xiāng qù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tā yánjiǔde zhǔyào Jiù shi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhǒngguóde shāoshù mínzú yǔyán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">and agricultural situation and the educational situation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This time you are mainly visiting and touring in Bèijīng and Shànghāi, these placqs, ins't that so?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s right. But also, we have many people who are especially interested in China’s Northeast region, in particular the oil city, Dàqìng. I don’t know whether we can visit it....?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There won’t be any problem with going to Dàqìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We also want to go to those famous places, like Sǔzhǒu, Hángzhǒu, Huángshān, Guilin, etc. Those places are closely related to China's history and culture. One musn’t miss them on a trip to China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of course, of course. Those have almost all been arranged.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's fine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Could I go to China's Northwest?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh! To the Northwest. That's a bit of a problem.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What's that? Is it because there isn't enough time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right, there isn't enough time. I think that since you only have four weeks in China, your time will be almost entirely taken by North China, Manchuria, South China and the southwest. Why not visit the Northwest on your next trip to China. What do you say?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I'm sorry, but my work is linguistics'. I really want to go to Inner Mongolia and Xīnjiāng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Her research is mainly on the minority nationality languages.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hài! Zhen duìbuqī, wǒ hài yīwéi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nín gàode shi pǔtǒnghuà ne!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Méi guànxi, méi guǎnxi. Bú-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guò yǒu Jīhui </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> híishi xiāng qù Xīběi kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì le, Yúnnán, Guizhou, Guàng-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xī yídài yé y3u hěn duo shàoshù mínzú. Nín qù Guìlínde shíhou Jiù kéyi zuò diānr yánjiū le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Òu! Nànfāng gēn bēifāngde yùyén</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bù yíyàng. Yàoshi y3u bànfà hái-shi bang </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">wS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ānpai yixiar ba.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tsk...Zhè shir y3u yìdiànr</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">máfan, ding w3 hi līngdào yínjiǔ yíxià zài shuō ba.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: 0, nī zài xiàngxiàng, rúgu3</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kéyi ānpíi, nà duì Bèisī shi hēn dàde bǎngzhù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Duì le. Nín shìshi kàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ng...Zhèiyàng hào bu hào?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nīmen fàngwènle Bēijīng hé Dàqìng yīhòu, Amúsītèling Jiàoshou nīmen shíjiúge rén háishi qù Shànghài, Sūzhǒu, Hángzhǒu, Guilin. Tèluóānnuò Xiàojiē gēn lìngwài yíge lùxíngtuin qù Xībēi. Líkài Xībēi yīhòu, yí Jiù shi bànge yuè yīhòu, nín zài Jīngguò Shànghài dào Guàngzhǒu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ng, nà wSmen hài shi yìqī cǒng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shēnzhèn líjìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì, nīmen kàn zēnmeyàng. Yēxú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhè shi yíge bànfa. Búguò, xíng bu xíng, h£i díi w&nen yínjiūle yīhòu cái zhīdao.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Zài wǒmende iSxíngtuánli, wǒ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hài y3u Jīge péngyou. W3 yē dēi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh! Pardon me! I tho</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ugh</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">t your your work was in the standard language!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s all right, that’s all right. Nonetheless if there's a chance, I would still like to go visit the Northwest.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh yes—the areas of Yúnnán, Guizhou, and Guingxī also have many minority nationalities—you can do some research when you go to Guilin!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh! The languages of the north and south are-not the same. If it's possible, I'd still rather you arranged it for me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tan...This is a bit troublesome. Let me discuss it with the leader, and then we’ll see about it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, you give it some more thought. If it can be arranged, that would be a great help to Beth.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. See if you can.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hmmm...How about this: After you've visited Bēijīng and Dàqìng, Professor Armstrong and the other 19 people still go on to Shànghiì, Sūzhǒu, Hángzhǒu and Guilin, but Miss Troiano goes to the Northwest with another tour group. After leaving the Northwest, that is, after half a month, then you go to Guàngzhǒu by way of Shàngh&i.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hum, then we still leave the country together from Shenzhen.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. See what you think. Perhaps that might work. However, we won't know if it's possible until we've looked into it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I have several other friends in our tour group. I must talk it</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hé tlmen tintin, xiingxiing zínmeyàngr hlo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: W3men d3u yínjiūyanjiu z&i</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zuò ānpii. Btigud, w8men déi kuài diSnr.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: HXode. W3men wànf&n yíhòu z&i</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tin yícì. Nl xiing zénmeyàng, Bèisī? Liidejí ba?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: W3 xiing kéyi. Name, jiù máfan</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nín le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Méiyou shenme. W8 xīvàng néng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ānpiide héshī. Hui tóu jiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Xièxie nín. Hui tóu ji&n!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">over with them too, and see vh&t is best.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let’s both look into it before making arrangements. But ve should be quick about it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fine. Let's talk it over again after dinner. What do you think, Beth? Does that give you enough time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I think so. Well then, ve'll trouble you (to take care of this).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's nothing. I hope it can be arranged suitably. See you later.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you. See you later!</span></p>
- <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-4.png" alt="" style="width:434pt;height:346pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">The regions of China</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this exercise, an American tourist discusses hotel reservations with the desk clerk at the Blijīng Hotel.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you'll probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions below as you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">klnéng to be possible</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kongchulai to become vacant</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tiíozi a brief, informal note</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What problem is the tourist discussing with the desk clerk?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. How does the desk clerk discover the change in plans?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. Describe what actions took place by filling in the spaces below:</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hotel personnel American tourist Group still occupying group rooms</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2:00 2:30 2:U0 3:00</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, an American walks into the dining room of the Běijlng Hotel in a hurry and calls a waiter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-fèn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hu3tul sānmíngzhì kSuyīn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yǔyánxuéJiā tīngdechǔ y8u míng glitiǎn</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(counter for portions of food)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ham sandwich</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">accent</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">linguist</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be able to distinguish by listening</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be famous</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">another day</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The waiter in this dialogue speaks with a slight ShànghXi accent.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Why is the American in a hurry?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Give some examples of words that the waiter pronounces differently.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What subject is the American interested in?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What are the waiter's interests? Is he interested in linguistics?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. Can you infer why the waiter cuts the conversation short?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, a </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Washington Post</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> correspondent talks to a worker in front of the Dàhuá Cinema in BSiJīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the and listen again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You will need chuāngkSu Jízhě xínwénpiín "Xīnwén Jilribào" -bù gùshipiǎnr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">WùduS Jlnhuǎ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dill àiqíng gùshi yin diànyīng piǎnzi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. How long has the reporter 2. What things does the 3. What movies and newsreels recommend?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape On the second time through, answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">window (e.g., ticket window)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">newspaper reporter</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">newsreel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"News Summary"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(counter for films)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">feature film</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Five Golden Flowers</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (a film)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a city in Yúnnán province)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">love story</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to show a movie</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">film, movie</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">been in Blijīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">reporter like about Biijīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">has he seen? Which one does the worker</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. Fran the newsreel the reporter describes* what can you gather about how Chinese "newsreels" differ in content from American ones?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">An</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> American tourist (A) talks with the front desk clerk (B) at the Béijīng Hotel.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Al, duìbuql, lóushàngde fángjiǎn bú gòu le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú gòu le? Zènme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kěnéng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ne? WSmen ānpaide háohǎorde.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi zhěnde, wòmen zhèige cānguān-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tuán yígòng èrshisánge rén, nimen gāngcíi shuō wSmen quánbù dSu zhù zài qllòu, yígòng ySu shísìge fáng-Jiān, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duìbuqī, qlng man yidiànr shuS, wò bú jìde le. Déngyidéng, wò lái kànkan! ò, zài zhèr! Nimen shi yíge Méiguòde ittxíngtuán shi bu shi?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shì a!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Èrshisánge rén, yígòng kǎi shísìge fángjiǎn, quán zài qllòu. Duì a! Méi cuò a!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bú duì! Jiù ySu shíèrge kSng fángjiǎn, ySu liǎngge fángjiǎn hái ySu rén na!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hái yòu rén? Zénme hui ne? WS hái yiwéi tǎmen jlntiǎn zǎochen yljīng cong Shenzhèn líjìng le ne! Zénme dào xiànzài hái zhànzhe wǔzi ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bù zhldào, nín zuì hXo xiǎngxiang biéde bànfǎ, kànkan hái yòu méiyou king fángzi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Biéde kSng fángzi shi yídìng méi-ySu a! WS xiǎn liàojié yíxià zhèi-liǎngge fángzi wèlshénme dào^xiàn-zài hái méiyou </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kòngchulal</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">! Ò! Zhèr ySu yíge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tiáozi,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shuō tǎmen gǎi zài xiàwù sǎndiǎn zhòng líkǎi Béijlng. Hǎojíle! Méi wèntí le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Say, excuse me, there aren’t enough rooms for us upstairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There aren’t enough? How is that possible? We made all the arrangements.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's true. In all there are twenty-three people in our tour group. You just said that we’re all staying on the seventh floor, in fourteen rooms altogether, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m sorry, could you say that more slowly? I don't remember. Wait a minute, let me have a look. Oh, here it is. You are an American tour group, aren’t you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s right!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Twenty-three people taking fourteen rooms altogether, all on the seventh floor. That’s right! There’s no mistake!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No! There are only twelve free rooms. Two of the rooms still have people in them!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Still have people in them? How could that be? I thought they had left the country this morning by way of Shěnzhèn! Why are they still occupying the rooms?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don't know. You'd better think of some other solution, and see if there are any other rooms free.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I'm positive there aren’t any other free rooms. First let me try and find out why those two rooms haven't been vacated yet. Oh! There's a note here saying that their plans have been changed and that they're leaving Béi-jlng at three this afternoon. Great! No more problem.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài cíi lilngdiln zhǒng,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wǒmen híi děi ding dui Jiú?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Lilngdiln tāmen Jiù děi líkāi fíngjiān, dào fěijlchāng dāi yòng sìshlfěn zhǒng ne! Wǒmen gio yíxiàr wèishěng, sānshifān zhǒng ba!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nàme liàngdiln ban wǒmen Jiù y3u</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fángjiān le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì le. Dào canting he bēi kā-fěi, xiūxi yíxià, shíjiān Jiù dào le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hāo, xièxie nín. Hui tǒu Jiàn.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hui tǒu Jiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s only two o’clock now, how much longer do we have to wait?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They’ll have to leave their rooms at two: it takes forty minùtes to get to the airport! It will be thirty minutes while we clean the rooms.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So we can have the rooms at two-thirty .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. Why don’t you go have a cup of coffee in the dining room and rest a bit, and then it will be time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. Thank you. See you later.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">See you later.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American (A) walks into the dining room of the Bāijlng Hotel in a hurry and calls a waiter (B).</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duìbuqì, yìbēi rè kǎfěi, Jiù yào</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">niúnll, bú yào ting, yí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fèn huǒtuì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sanminszhì. Yuè kuàl yuètlXŌ!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Excuse me, a cup of hot coffee, with cream only, no sugar, and a ham sandwich. As fast as possible!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Měitiān dǒu shi "yuè kuàl yuè hāo," ni zhēn máng a!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ni zhidao tāmen gěi wo ǎnpaile nàme duǒ yào flngwènde dìfang. Zhěn shi yìtiSn yǒu sānshiliùge zhǒngtǒu cái bio.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Every day it's "as fast as possible." You're so busy!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You know, they arranged so many places for me to visit. I only wish that there were thirty-six hours in a day.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hlo, hlo. Wǒ mlshàng Jiù l£i.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(One minute later, the waiter comes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hide sānmíngzhì, kāfěi, nlúnli.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhěn kuàl. Xièxie ni. Ài, líi-le sìtiān le, kěshi háishi bù zhl-dào zānme chěnghu ni, zhěn duìbuqi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ni Jiù Jiào wo Xilo Liú hlo le, bijilo rǒngyi Jì.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. I'll be right back.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">back with the lunch.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Your sandwich, coffee, and milk.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That was really fast. Th</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ank</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> you. Gee, I've been here four days and I still don't know how to address you I'm very sorry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Just call me Xilo Liú. It's the easiest to remember.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiǎo Liú, ting níde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kSuyín</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nl dàgài shi nánfǎng rén. Shi Shanghai rén, duì bu dui?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nl zhěn shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yǔyánxué.1 iǎ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. búdàn huì shuǒ Zhǒngguo huà, hái </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tlngde-chū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nánfǎng, bèifǎng kSuyīnde bù tōng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Náli, náli. W3 yánjiūde zhùyào</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ahi pútōnghuà, duì fǎngyán méiyou shenme yánjiǔ, zhùyào shi w8 duì Zhōngwén fēicháng y8u xìngqu. DSngbèi, Xlbèi, nánfǎng, bèifǎng, mèiyíge dìfang, mèiyíge dìqū dōu y8u zìjíde y3yín xíguàn, zhēn shi fěichǎng y8u yìsi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nl duì ZhSngwén zhèyang y8u xìngqu, zhèicì líi fǎngwèn y8u méiySu gēn Zhōngguóde yúyánxuéjiā tíntan?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tin le. Zhèicì Zhōngguō fǎng-m1 an ānpai w8 gēn hǎn duō xuézhǎ jiànle miàn. Zhèixiē xuézhǎ zài guōwài dōu shi hǎn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">y8u míngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nà hǎojíle. Nl kéyi y8u Jíhui duō liSoji? yidiǎn Zhōngguō yúyán-xuéde qíngkuàng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nl duì yúyán yōu xìngqu ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: W8? W8 duì vénxué, lìshl dōu yōu yidiǎn xìngqu. Nl máng, wōmen xiàyícì zài tin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hǎo, hǎo. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gǎitiǎn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zài liio. Hui tōu Jiàn, Xiǎo Liú.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zàijiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiǎo Liú, your accent sounds like you’re probably a southerner. You’re from Shànghǎi, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You’re a real linguist. Not only can you speak Chinese, you can even tell the difference between a northern and a southern accent.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you. I mainly do research on Standard Chinese. I'm not well versed in the dialects. The main thing is that I'm very interested in Chinese. Manchuria, the northwest, the south, the north, every place, each district, has its own ways of speech. It's really very interesting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Since you have such an interest in Chinese, did you talk with some Chinese linguists during this visit?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. On this trip, the Chinese arranged for me to meet with a lot of scholars who are very famous abroad.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's great. You get the chance to find out more about linguistics in China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are you interested in language?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Me? I have some interest in literature and history. You're busy, we'll talk some other time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. We'll chat some other day. See you later, Xiǎo Liú.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good-bye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In front of Dàhuí Cinema in Bǎijīng, a worker (B) is cleaning the glass cases in which posters are displayed. The </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Washington Post</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> correspondent, Richard Leblanc (A), walks over to him.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nín hǎo a! Mài piàode </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chuǎngkōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Hello! The ticket window isn't hái méi kái na? open yet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Míi na! Zài gud shífén zhdng, Jiúdiǎn jiù kii le. Nín cóng nīr lǎi ya? Pútdnghuà shuode zhème hǎo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not yet. It’ll open in another few minutes, at nine. Where are you from? You speak such good Chinese.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: W? shi Huǎshèngdùn Yóubàode </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jìzhè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, zài Béijlng yījlng sǎnge yuè le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zài Bèijīng chide, zhùde dǒu mǎnyì ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Chide, zhùde dǒu mǎnyì, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">wS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> tèbié</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xihuan Bèijīngde xiǎochl.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì! BéiJIngde xiǎochl shi yǒu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">míngde, Dōngdǎn yídàide xiǎochī-diìn nl d5u qùguo le ba?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Dàbùfen dǒu qùguo le. Zhēn bú cud, qùle hái xiǎng qù.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a, shi a! Nín jīntiǎn xiǎng kàn shénme diànyīngr a?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiǎng kàn liǎngge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xīnvénpiǎn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Zhōngguáde xinvénpiǎn bú cud.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín dǒu kànguo shénme le?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: W5 chǎng kàn "</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xīnvén Jiǎnbào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">," shàngcì kànle jièshào Huǎnǎn, Huǎ-bǎide yíbù xīnvénpiǎn, bú cud.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín zuì xīhuan nǎr a?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: W8 zuì xihuan Huángshǎn hé Guilin.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ò! Nà shi hǎo dìfangr!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: W8 hái kànguo yíbù Jièshào shǎo-shù mínzú shēnghuúde dianyIng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gùshlniǎnr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> a, hǎishi xīnwén-piǎnr a?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xīnvénpiǎnr, shi guǎnyú Xlnjiǎng, Nèiméng nèi yídàide.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m a reporter from the Washington Post. I’ve been in Bèijīng three months now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are you pleased with the food and living conditions here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. I especially like Béijīng's snacks.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. Béijīng is famous for its snacks. I suppose you've been to </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">al 1 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the "little eateries" in the Ddngdǎn area?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Most of them. They're great. You always want to go back.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes indeed. What movie do you vant to see today?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I vant to see two newsreels. China has good newsreels.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What ones have you seen?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I often see the "News Summaries." Last time I saw a newsreel presenting the north and south of China. It was pretty good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What place did you like best?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I liked Mt. Huǎng and Guilin best.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, those are nice places.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I also sav a movie introducing the life of the minority nationalities.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Was it a feature film or a newsreel?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A newsreel. It was about the region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Y3u yíbù gùshipiinr Jiào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wúdug Jīnhuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dilid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e shloshù mínzú-de </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">àiqíng gùshi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. ni kànguo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Mei kànguo. Dall zài nàr? Guizhou?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù, zài Yúnnàn, nèi dif&ngr k? hào kàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèige diànylng Jlnti&n </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jlnr "bù yin, xiàllbài yin, nín yào kàn, di ge diànhuà gēn w8men diànylngyuàn li&nxì yixiar, w8men kéyi gii nín liú yizhfing piào.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèn xièxie nin. Ei, zhèige guinggào shi guānyú Dàqìngde ba?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi, nèi shi ge chū shíyóude dif&ngr. Jīntiinde "Xīnwén Jiln-bào”li Jiù y8u.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: 0, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">w8 yào kàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zhèibù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">piǎnzi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hio, mài piàode k&i menr le. Nín kuàl qù ba!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ěi, xièxie nín. Zàijiàn!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zàijiàn!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There's a feature film called </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Five Golden Flowers</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, a love story about a national minority in Dall. Have you seen it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No. Where's Dàll? In Guizhou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, in Yúnnàn. It's a gorgeous place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is that movie playing today?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not today, but next week. If you want to see it, give us a call and get in touch, and we can save a ticket for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thanks a lot. Say, is this ad about Dàqìng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. They produce oil there. It's in today's "News Summary.”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, I want to see that film.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, the ticket office is open now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Go and buy your ticket.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. Thank you. Good-bye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good-bye.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Nímen zhèngfú </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rènvéi mùqián </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dà-, zhōng-, xiioxuede qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wōmen xiing Wénhuà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gémìng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ylhòude jiàoyu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shuípíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bú gòu gāo, wōmen déi gàibiàn zhèige qíngxing.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Zhōngguō zhèngfú yōu Jìhuade </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tígǎo yíbùfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dàxuéde shuīpíng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: A! Zhèi jiù shi bi dàxué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fēnc</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">héng yí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dàxué èrlèi dàxuéde yuányīn le!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Xiànzài Shànghiide </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liàoshī shùliang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gòu bu gou?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú gòu, érqiě, zhèi shi yíge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">púbiànd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e wèntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: Bàoshang shuǒ Měiguo zhōng-xiioxuéde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tiio.'Ian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōu bú cuò.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jfbenshang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> méi sǎnshi-ge xuésheng yōu yíwèi jiàoshl liin zuì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pfltōngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e xuéxiào y? yōu diànshì, tushūguàn, shenmede.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">5.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> A: Zhèngfú gěi pútōng xiàoxué hé </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhòngdiln</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xiioxuéde qién yíyàng duō ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yōu yìdilnr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chabié</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Wōmen díi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shōuxiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zhàogu zhòngdiin xiioxué.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Zhōngguō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liúxuéshēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xuéxíde zhòngdiln shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zìran kěxué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duìle, shi kěxué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">.lìshu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What does your government think of your colleges, high schools, and primary schools at present?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We think that since the Cultural Revolution educational standards have not been high enough, and ve must change this situation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Chinese government is raising the standards in some universities in a pl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ann</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ed way.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! This is the reason that universities are divided into Class I and Class II.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At present is the number of teachers in Shànghli sufficient?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, moreover this is a videspread problem.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It says in the papers that conditions in American secondary and primary schools are quite good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. In general there's a teacher , for every thirty students, and even the most ordinary schools have televisions, a library, and so on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Does the government give the same amount of money to ordinary elementary schools as to key elementary schools?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There is some difference. We must first give consideration to key elementary schools.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese students abroad concentrate on the natural sciences, isn't that so?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right, on science and technology.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Nlmende </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">vfatliūahēng chǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> _guá xuéxí yfhou dSu huí dàxué Ji Io shril ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù. Y8u yíbùfen dèi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dǎnrèn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jìshu fíngmiande lìngdlo góngzuá.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlngguò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> sǎnniínde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nùlì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, zhèige dìqūde néngyè shěng-chln tiAoJiàn xiǎngdǎng bú cud le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Guānyú zhèige wèntí, nimen yJ5u méiyou </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cĀiliào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, wSmen k? bu kéyi dàihuiqu kànkan?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Yào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíxiàn Sìge Xiàndàihuà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zuì dàdevèntíshi shénmē?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi JlngJi. W3men dèi zài bú tài chángde shíjilnlì bl </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhèngaèr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> guójiāde JlngJi gloshangqù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: WSmende liúxuéshēng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tíchulai </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jlge wèntí.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: WS tingshuǒ le, tāmen xiing </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiākuài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xuéxí </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sùdu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. W3men yídìng klolÙ.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. zhìliàng (zhiliàng, zhiliàng)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12. Béidà</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">13. qǔbié</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1U. shèhuì kSxué</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After going abroad to study, do all your graduate students go back to the universities and teach?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No. Some of them have to take np leading posts in technical fields.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After three years of effort, conditions for agricultural production in this area are now quite good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do you have any data on this subject that we could take back with us to read?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What is the biggest problem in achieving the Four Modernizations?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's the econony. Before too long we must push ahead the econony of the whole country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our foreign exchange students have brought up a few problems.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I heard. They want to speed up the pace of their studies. We'll be sure to consider it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">quality</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Béijīng University (short for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bèijīng Dàxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">difference, distinction</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">social sciences</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit 2, Vocabulary Liat</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Blidà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-bùfen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Běijīng University part, section</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cáiliào chabié chū guó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">material(s) difference, disparity to leave one’s country</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dānrèn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to take on, to assume</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to divide (into)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">géming</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">revolution; to revolt</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiíkuài JiàoshI Jībenshang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to speed up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">teacher basically, on the whole, by and</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jfngguò jìshu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">large</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to go through, to experience technology; technical</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kěxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">science</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-lèi liúxuéshēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">category study-abroad students</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mùqián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">at present</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">n21ì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to make great efforts, to try hard to exert oneself</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">pubiàn pStǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">universal, widespread, common regular, ordinary</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qubié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">difference, distinction</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rènwéi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to think, to consider, to hold</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shèhul kàxué shíxiàn shSuxiln shulpíng shùliang Sìge Xiandàihuà sùdu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">social sciences to realize first level</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">number, amount the Four Modernizations speed, pace</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tiáojiàn tíchulai tígāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">condition to bring up to raise</span></p>
- <p><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;">35</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yinjiùshěng yíbùfen</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhěnggè(r)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shilling (zhí-, zhi-) zhòngdiín</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zirán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zirán kěxué</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">graduate student a part, a portion; sone</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">whole, entire</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">quality focal point, emphasis; key nature; natural natural sciences</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Nimen zhèngfú </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rènyéi mùqián </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">di-, zhSng-, xiāoxuéde qíngkuàng zānmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: WSmen xiǎng Wénhuà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Geming </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ylhòude Jiàoyu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shulpíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bú gòu gio, wSmen dèi giibiàn zhèige qíngxing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What does your government think of your colleges, high schools, and primary schools at present?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We think that since the Cultural Revolution educational standards have not been high enough <sub>t</sub> and ve must change this situation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rènvéi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to think (that),” ”to consider (that),” ”to believe (that)” This is typically used for considered opinions and judgments, as opposed to </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "to think," which can be used for mere impressions and guesses. Also contrast </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yiwéi.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "to think mistakenly."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wg rènvéi tā shuōde shi duìde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā rènvéi zhèijiàn shi bù yíng-gāi ring wSmen zuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I consider what he said correct OR I believe that what he said is right</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He does not think ve should be allowed to do this.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mùqián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the present" or at present" Although both </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mùqián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài, "now," refer to the present, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiànzài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> may mean "right now," whereas</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mùqián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> must refer to a broader period</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mùqián wSmen chāngde shěngchān shulpíng hái bú gdu gāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mùqián tāde Jīngjì qíngkuàng bú tài hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">of time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At present our factory's production level isn't high enough.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At present his financial situation isn't too great.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dà-, zhSng-, xiāoxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Short for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàxué, zhōngxué, xiāoxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gémìn£: "revolution," "revolutionary," "to revolt" In ancient China, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gé mìng,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> literally, "to change the mandate of heaven," referred to the cha</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ing of dynasties, since the monarch was held to be ordained by heaven. The pattern </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gé X-de mìng,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> literally, "to change X's mandate of heaven," means "to revolt against X."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wenhuà Géw^ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wénhuà D</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">à Géming; The common terms for the </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wúchān Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Geming</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" (1966-1977)• An even shorter abbreviation is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wéngé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shulpíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "level," "standard"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rìbānde gSngyè shāngchān shulpíng zhěn gāo!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Japan's industrial production level is really high!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Americans have a very high standard of living!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Māiguo rénde shěnghué shulpíng hān gāo!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tide Déyú shulpíng bú gùu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">gio.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hi» level in German isn't high enough.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: ZhSngguó zhàngfú y8u Jìhuade </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tígào yíbùfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dàxuéde shulpíng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: À! Zhèi jiù ahi bX dàxué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fěnc</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">héng yī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dàxué èrlài dàxuéde yuínyīn le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Chinese government is raising the standards in some universities in a planned way.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! This is the reason that universities are divided into Class I and Class II.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tígào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to raise," "to improve"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dào Zhíngguó qù, kéyi tígào duì Zhōngguéde rènshi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiěfàng ylhòu, fùnttde dìwei tígào le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ShXoshù mínzú shu5 pùtSnghuàde shulpíng tígàole bù shXo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bùfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "part," "section"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qìng bX zhà yíbùfen fànchéng ZhSngwén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ xiéde nèibén shú, y8ude bùfen hXo, ySude bùfen bù hlo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yíbùfen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "a part," "a portion,"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ti shuěde huà, yíbùfen shi duìde, yíbùfen shi cuòde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qùde rén, yùu yíbùfen híi xiXng zài qù, ySu yíbùfen bù xiXng qù le.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">By going to China, you can increase your understanding of China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Since liberation, the status of women has improved.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The level of the minority nationalities in Standard Chinese has improved quite a bit.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Please translate this part into Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Some sections of the book he wrote are good, and some aren't.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">some</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Part of what he said is right, and part is wrong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of the people who went, some would like to go back again, and some do not want to.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fěn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to divide" As you learned </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fěnkli</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "to split up," in the Society module, this word is not entirely new to you, but here you see it with the ending </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-chéng,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "into." Here's another example:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 bl píngguX fěnchéng sìkuài, wfimen yìrén yíkuài.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I'll divide the apple into four pieces, one piece for each of us.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-Ill: "category"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànzài lit Měiguíde ZhSngguo rén dàgài kéyi fěn lilnglèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Chinese who are coming to the U.S. now can be roughly divided into tvo categories.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèilèi wèntí zuì hlo hé LÍxíng-shādm rān tin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"Hei Wúlfci," "H6ng Wúlèi,"* shi Wenhul Di Gémìng shíhoude shuōfā.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You had best talk with the Travel Service people about this sort of question.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The "Five Black Categories* and the "Five Red Categories"* were terns used during the time of the Cultural Revolution.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhèi Jiù shi...-de yuányín</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "This is the reason that..." Here is another example of this useful pattern:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi jiù shi tā méi qùde yuānyfn. This is the reason he didn’t go.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhèi j iù shi...-de yuanyln le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This sentence exemplifies a use of new-situation le to emphasize the speaker's newly-reached understanding. You can think of this </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as meaning "How I get it.*"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ò, nl yīqián shuōguode Hou Xi in- Oh, the Mr. HSu you spoke of before</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sheng Jlù shi tā le.* is him!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">À! Sufiyi nl nine xiāng qù le! Oh! That's why you want so much to go!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Related uses of nev-situation </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> include drawing a new inference, e.g.,</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nāme, nl yídìng rènshi Chin Kezhāng le?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then, you must know Section Chief Chǐn, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">and settling on a course of action or reaching a decision:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tā zhldao wSde diinhuà ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhīdao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Na w8 Jiù ding tāde diinhuā le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Does he know my telephone number?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then I'll wait for his call.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Xiìnzii Shānghāide </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">iiāoshí shùliang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gdu bu goū?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú gdu, SrqiS, zhèi shi yíge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">púbiānd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e vdntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At present is the number of teachers in Shànghāi sufficient?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, moreover this is a widespread problem.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3 jiāoshī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "teacher," "schoolteacher" W8 shi yíge xiāoxué Jiàoshí. I'm an elementary school teacher.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font17" style="font-weight:bold;">‘These terna, which area* la the first yean of the Cultural Revolution (and are now obsolete), referred to the two ideologically "irreconcilable camps." In effect, they were used to classify people by their family backgrounds. The Five Black Categoriee, or "bad" backgrounds, were landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements, sad bourgeois rightists. The Five Red ("good") Categories were workers, poor peasants, lover-middle peasants, revolutionary arwymen, and revolutionary cadres.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nimen xuixiào yígòng y8u duS- How many English teachers are there shǎo Ylngwén jiàoshī? in your school?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shùlianft: "quantity," "number," "amount"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī néng bu néng shuSchú tǎmende Can you give an exact idea of shùliang y8u duǒshǎo? their numbers?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Cong shùliangshang kàn, zhèige From the point of view of numbers, xuéxiàode nénshéng zhàn the male students occupy the main</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhúyàode dìwei. position in the school.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">púbiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be universal/widespread/common"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài Miiguó, yíge jdating y8u In America it is very common for sǎnliàng qìchē shi hín pSbiàn- one family to have three cars, de shi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài ZhBngguS, zuìjin sǎnshinian, rénmende wénhuà jiàoyu shuī-ping pSbiàn tígǎole.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">During the last thirty years, people's educational level in China has seen widespread improvement.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: Bàoshang shuS Mliguo zhSng-xiǎoxuéde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tiéojiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dSu bú cud.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JTbenshang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> méi sǎnshi-ge xuésheng you yíwèi Jiào-shl, lién zui </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nútSngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e xué-zlào yè y8u dianshi, túshū-guǎn, shenmede.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It says in the papers that conditions in American secondary and primary schools are quite good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. In general there's a teacher for every thirty students, and even the most ordinary schools have televisions, a library, and so on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tiaojiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "conditions)," "circumstances"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèrde gSngzud tiéojiàn bú cud. Working conditions here are pretty good.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">XTbéide shénghuS tiéojiàn bù zinnia hlo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài mùqiénde tiéojiànxià, wSmen méiyou bànfǎ zài kuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hé tǎmen zud shengyì zhěn bù róngyi, tǎmen zSngshi yào jiǎng hén duS tiéojiàn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎmen rènwéi tǎ méiy8u tiéojiàn zud zhèige gSngzud.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Living conditions are not so good in the Northwest.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Under the present circumstances, we are unable to go any faster.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's really hard to do business with them. They are always insisting on a lot of conditions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They don't think he's competent to do this job.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jlbén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "basic," "fundamental," "elementary" (For the first example, you need to know </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yúfǎ,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "grammar," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cíhuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "vocabulary.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xue liāngnlén ZhSngwén, Jfbln- After studying tvo years of Chinese, da yùfā hi cíhuì d8u zhidao le. (one) knows the basic grammar and vocabulary.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige dlqú gio níngyède jTbān The basic conditions for farming tiioJiin bú gdu. are not good enough in this area.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JTbenshang.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "basically," is often used in the PRC to mean "in the main," "on the whole?" "by and large." (This usage is not common in Taiwan, however.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">JTbenshang tā shi yíge hāo On the whole, he is a good comrade,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">téngzhí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">JTbenshang méiyou wèntí le. By and large, there are no more</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">problems.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NT shuōde YIngwén JTbenshang For the most part, I can understand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> d5u tTngdedSng. all your English.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mil..,y8u...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "There is...for every..." Examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mil singe rén ySu yíge shi There is an American for every</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mliguo rén. three persons. (One of every</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">three people is an American.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mil sāntiān ySu yíge rén lii. (There is) one person (who) comes every three days.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be ordinary/common/regular</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǔtSng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tāmen liāngge zhi shi pútǒng péngyou, mél shenme tèbiéde guānxi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The two of them are Just ordinary friends; they don't have any special relationship.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He is just an ordinary person, like you or me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What's the difference between an ordinary passport and this?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā jiù ahi yíge ptttSng rén, hé ni hé </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yíyàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">PtttSngde hùzhào hé zhèige y8u shénme qùbiéT</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Zhèngfú gāi pùtffng xlāoxué hé </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhdngdiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xiāoxuéde qián yíying du8 ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Y3u yìdlānr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chābié</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. WSmen dll ahSuriān zhèagu zhdngdiān xiāoxué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Does the government give the same amount of money to ordinary elementary schools as to key elementary schools?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There is some difference. We must first give consideration to key elementary schools.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhdngdiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "heavy-point"—"emphasis," "focal point" or in some phrases, "key" Also used adverbially.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ki yánjiǔde ihdngdiXn d3u y3u néixié flngmiàn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nlmen yào clnguXnde zhóngdiXn shi nXiflngmiàn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nlmen yào zhòngdiXn flzhXnde diqǔ y8u Jīge?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W&nen yfnggXl bX zhòngdiXn fàng zai Jiàoyushàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tāmende gSngzud zhòngdiXn shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">gio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wénhuà Jiàoyu.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What are the focal points of your research?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What is to be the focus of your visit?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How many regions do you intend to focus on developing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We should put the emphasis on education.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The focus of their work is on culture and education.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chabié</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "difference," "discrepancy," "disparity" Contrast the word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qǔbié</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (additional required vocabulary), "difference," "distinction." </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Chlbié </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">stresses the idea of a distance, gap, or inequality between the things compared. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Qǔbié</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> refers to differences, determined by inspection, between otherwise similar things.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèiyang zuò he nèiyang zuò ySu shénme chabié?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chéngshl he néngcǔn chabié hén dà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hl shuǒshuo zhèi liXngge shSu-yInJIde qǔbié zài nXr?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi llXngbèn zìdiXn y8u shénme qǔbié?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What is the difference between doing it this way and doing it that way?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There's a big difference between the city and the country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tell me what the differences are between these two radios.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What's the difference between these two dictionaries?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shSuxiln</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "first," meaning before doing something else. This is a movable adverb (can come either before or after the subject of the sentence, but always before the verb).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">RǔguS nl yào dào ZhSngguó qù, If you want to go to China, you shSuxiln yào xué yidlXn Zhòngwén. should learn a little Chinese first.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shòuxiln bX yào mXide dSngxi kài yìzhlng dlnsi, rénhòu zài qlng tX qù all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ShSuxign</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can also mean "first of all,<sup>1</sup></span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ShSuxiSn v3men yào téntan nlde cXnguXn fXngwèn Jìhuà.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">First make a list of the things you want bought, and then ask him to go buy then.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"in the first place":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">First of all we should discuss your sightseeing plans.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In sentence 5B, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shSuxiXn zhàogu,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "first of all give consideration to," can be idiomatically translated as "give first consideration to."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Zhěnggué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liúxuéshěng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xuéxíde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">EhAng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tHln ahi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zìran kěxué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ba?</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duìle, shi kěxué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jìshu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese students abroad concentrate on the natural sciences, isn’t that so?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right, on science and technology.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Rotes on Ko. 6</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zìrén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "natural," "naturally" the physical world.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā hěn xlhuan dàzìrén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ruìshìde zìrAn huánjìng bin tebié.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige shíoshù mínzú dìqūde zìrén ti éo Jian bù bio.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tide yàngzi hěn zìrén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nSer líkii J11, fùnrií nAnguò shi zìrAnde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xuéle bú yòng, zìrén huì wing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bú yòng guln, zìrén huì guòqude.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kěxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "science" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">KěxuéJii</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is a</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Měiguó shi ge kěxué Jìnbùde guSjii.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Néngcǔn rén céngqién méiyiu shenme kěxué zblshi.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dàzìrén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "nature" in the sense of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He is very fond of nature.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Switzerland’s natural environment is very different.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The natural conditions in this minority nationality region are poor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Her appearance is very natural.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When a daughter leaves heme, it is natural for her parents to be sad.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you don’t use something after you learn it, you’re bound to forget it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don’t worry about it; it will pass by itself.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"scientist."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The U.S. is a scientifically advanced country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the past, people in rural areas did not have any knowledge of science.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Kexué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is also used for "to be scientific":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhiizhòng zuòfí hěn kěxué. This method is very scientific.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NX nèizhòng xlXngfX bù kěxué! That’s a very unscientific idea.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jìshu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "technique," "skill," "technology"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ti kii chěde Jìshu bin bio. He's a good driver.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zbè shi wi zuòde Mépó Dòufu, nX I made this Mépú Beancurd. How do kin wide jìshu zěnmeying? rate my technique?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhSngguéde chǎyè ahěngchXn jìshu fǎshǎn dàole bìjiǎo gǎode shulpíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China*a tea production technology is rather highly developed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ ahi ge Jìshu gSngren.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He is a skilled worker.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font13">T. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nímende vǎn^igshěng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chǔ gu6 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xuéxí yìhou d5u huí dàxué Jiǎo shù ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù. YSu yíbùfen déi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dǎnrèn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">jìshu fǎngmiande llngdlo gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After going abroad to study, do all your graduate students go back to the universities and teach?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No. Some of them have to take up leading posts in technical fields.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7 chǔ guó</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to go abroad" Tǎ shi nǎiniǎn chù guéde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chù guS liúxuéde yǎnjiǔshǎng nfide duS bu du3?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In what year did he go abroad?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are there many women among the graduate students who go abroad to study?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dǎnrèn: "to assume," "to take up" a job or post</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NX zài zhèr dǎnrèn shénme gSng- What is your Job title here? zud?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ zuì J in yào qù ǑuzhSu dǎnrèn He will soon be going to Europe to llngshì gongzud. do consular work.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ dǎnrènguo Méidàsī sīzhǎng. He has been the chief of the Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dǎnrèn llngdlo gdngzuò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. as in sentence 7B, is an often used phrase for "to take on leadership work," "to take up a leading poet" (that is, to be in a job in which one is in charge of others).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Guǎnyú zhèige wèntí, nimen ySu méiyou </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">céiliào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. wSmen k? bu kéyi dàihuiqu kànkan?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After three years of effort, conditions for agricultural production in this area are now quite good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do you have any data on this subject that we could take back with us to read?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(1) "to pass," "to go through"</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèllù chi Jlngguù Dǎngdǎn ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèige difang wǎ mei qùguo, dǎnshl jíngguòguo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi shi w8 dìyícì jīngguò zhèiyangde kǎoshì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Does this bus go through Dǎngdǎn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve never been there, but I’ve passed through (OR passed by).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is the first time I’ve ever taken a test like this.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) "as a result of,** "after,** "through" This is the way </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jlngguù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used in sentence 8A. (For the second example you need to know </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhǎnzhēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "war.")</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jlngguè tǎolùn, wǎmen Juéding xiǎ Xīngqīsì qù yǎcǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ yǎ bù Jīngguó kǎolà Jiù he tǎ jiéhǔn le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After discussion, we have decided to hold the picnic next Thursday</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He married her without even giving it any consideration.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">JīngguB hǎn cháng shiJiande As a result of the lengthy war, this</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhǎnzhǎng, zhèige dìqū yījíng area has become unrecognizable, biàade bú rènshi le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(3) "course (of events); what has happened"</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ huílal bǎ quánbù Jīnggud gǎosule v8.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shìqingde JIngguò shi zǎnme-yǎngde, nl zhfdao ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">null</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to make great efforts," "</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ gǒngzuò hǎn nùlì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ta bú dan núlì gúngzuè, rén yǎ hǎn rèxīn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When he returned, he told me the whole story of what happened.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do you know how the whole thing went?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">• try hard," "to exert oneself"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He works very hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not only does he work very hard, but he is also a warmhearted person.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Contrast </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mill gǒngzuù,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "work hard," with </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yùnggSng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "study hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cáiliǎo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "material"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige fíngzide cáiliǎo kànqllái hǎoxiǎng bú cud.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) "data," "material"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ gǎile w8 hǎn duǎ cáiliǎo, wS santian yǎ kǎnbuwán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl nádǎo xlnde xuéxí cáiliǎo le ma? Míngtiǎn yǎo shǎng xln kè le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This house looks like it's made of pretty good material.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He gave me a lot of data (material). Even three days wouldn't be enough time for me to finish reading it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you picked up the new study materials yet? We start the new lesson tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(3) "makings*” "material"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tà bú shi zud Jiàosháude céiliào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He doesn't have the makings of a professor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Yào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíxiàn Sìge Xiàndài huà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zuì dàde<sup>-</sup>wèntí shi shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi jlngji. WSmen díi zài bú tài chángde shíjiānll bà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhénggèr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> guójiàde JIngji gZoshangqù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What is the biggest problem in achieving the Four Modernizations?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's the economy. Before too long ve must push ahead the economy of the whole country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to realize/achieve/bring about/accompliah/come true" Besides being used to talk about the Four Modernizations, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is also used for realizing a wish, an ideal, a goal, self-sufficiency, a reform, industrialization, etc. Note that </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be used in a causal sense (i.e., "cause to come about"): "They realized their vish" C</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tāmen sh</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">íxiànle </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tlmende yuànvàngJ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; or in a non-causal sense (i.e., "come about"): "Their wish came about" C</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tǎmende yuànwàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">g</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shíxiànle].</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài Xlflng, shíxiàn gēngyèhuà In. the West, achieving industrialization yljlng shi yìbZinlín qiínde is something which was done a century</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shi le. ago.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">N&nJíng Jlbenshang shíxiànle luhuà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NÉnJíng has basically accomplished "greenification" (making the city green by planting trees, flowers, etc.).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiàndài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "modern times" or "modern," "contemporary"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiàndài rénde xiZngfZ d3u shi Modern man's ideas are all hén kěxuéde. scientific.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-huà: "-ize," "-ify" Examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyèhuà to industrialize lúhuà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">JiZnhuà to simplify (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JiZn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is mZihuà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">short for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiZndàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Méiguúhuà to Americanize èhuà</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to make green (by planting trees, etc.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to beautify</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to worsen (_è is a literary word for "bad")</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xīfínghuà to Westernize</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiàndàihuà: "to become modernized"; "modernized/sophisticated/modern" Caution: This is an intransitive verb (cannot take an object). Therefore, to say "modernize our country" you must phrase it as "make our country become modernized":</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8men yào shi wBmende guójii xiàndàihuà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèixii xiàndàihuà yúyán bú shi miige rén d8u zhīdaode.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We must modernize our country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not everyone knows these modern terms.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Sìge Xiàndàihuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the Four Modernizations” These are the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology. Comprehensive development in these areas by the end of the century was called for at the Eleventh National Party Congress in 1977, and again by Communist Party Chairman Huà GuSfěng at the Fifth National People's Congress in 1978. (This theme had been enunciated twice before, in 1965 and 1975, by Zhou Ēnlíi.) Since 1979, the drive for the "socialist Four Modernizations” has been at the root of the Chinese government's domestic policy and have also had a broad influence on its foreign policy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhénggè(r)</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: As an adjective (before a noun), "whole,” "entire,” referring to a single item.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhènggè shàngwú ni d3u zuò shénme le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What did you do the whole morning?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 yào mài zhènggède huStuI, bú yào bàngede.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhínggè Jìhuà d5u shi ti yíge rén xiXngchūliide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I want to buy a whole ham, not a half one.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The entire plan was his idea.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As an adverb, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhènggè(r)</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "completely," "in its entirety":</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèijù huàde yìsi ni zhènggè nòngcuò le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tide mótuSchi zhènggè bèi zhuànghuài le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige fíngzi zhènggè d3u shi miltou zudde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You completely misunderstood the meaning of that sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">His motorcycle was completely ruined in the collision.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This house is made completely of wood.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gàoshàngjjù: Shànggu, "to go up," may be used figuratively to say that production "goes up" or work "moves forward." The resultative compound </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gíoshàngqù.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> therefore, means "to cause to go up," "to cause to move forward.” We have translated it here as "to push ahead” the economy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: WSmende llúxuéshéng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tíchulai </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jīge wèntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: W3 tīngshuB le, timen xiing </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiǎkuài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xuéxí </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sùdu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. W3men yidìng kiolÚ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our foreign exchange students have brought up a few problems.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I heard. They want to speed up the pace of their studies. We'll be sure to consider it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Ho. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: One meaning of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ie "to lift,** "to raise." In & more abstract sense* it can mean (1) "mention," "refer to," "bring up" (a subject). </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">TÍ wàntí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is "to ask questions."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 tí ge wèntí kéyi ma? May I ask a question?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qlng dàjiǎ tí yíjian. Please giveus your comments, everyone.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bié zài tí nèijiàn shì le, hào ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tí mSicì tídao zhèijiàn shì, w3 jiu shěngqì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) "to raise," "to bring up," "to etc.):</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tí tide nil liingge tiíojiàn, w3 méi bànfi shíxiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NX juéde vSde bànfi bù xíng, key! tíchǔ nlde bànfí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tí tíchǔ ràng Zhing Téngzhì zuò llngdio.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tí tíchǔ yào dào Nínjíng qù yítàng yíhòu cíi néng xi? zhèipiín wénzhíng.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don't mention that again, okay?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Every time he mentions that, I get angry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">put forward" (questions, comments, demands,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There's no way </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">I</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can satisfy (fulfill) the conditions he put forward.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you don't think my way (of handling it) will do, you can propose a way of your own.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He proposed having Comrade Zhing be the leader.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He said that he had to go to Nín-jíng before he could write this article.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jitkuàl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to quicken," "to speed up" (one's step, a process, the pace of doing something)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">RǔguS Jiākuài zuò, síntiin jiu If ve speed up, we can finish xíng le. in three days.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sùdù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (11tar</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dily</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "fast-degree") "speed," "pace," "tempo"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sinshiniín líi, Rìbln jlngjì For the past thirty years, Japan's fízhinde sùdù hln kuài. rate of economic development has</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">been very fast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">.1 i&niài... sùdù,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "to quicken the pace of...," "to speed up":</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WSmen yào jiakuài gSngzudde sùdù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We must speed up our work.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhǒnggué yào jiíkuài shíxiàn Sìge Xiàndàihuàde sùdù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China wants to speed up the Four Modernizations.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">CThe opposite of .Uíkuàl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sùdù is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fàngmàn sùdù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required. Vocabulary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhìliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "quality” Also pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhiliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhìliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shùliàng duo, zhìliàng yě "bú They are plentiful and of good cuò. quality.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In some contexts, you can use the syllable </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhì/zhí/zhì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> to stand for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhìliàng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">and the syllable </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> to stand for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shùliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhī, liàng, dǒu bú cuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The quality and quantity are both good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thia dialogue takes place in Bāijīng. Early one morning, Professor Armstrong is out for a walk near his hotel when he runs into Lin XiXohé of the China Travel Service.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Jiàoshòu, nín zào.'</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zāo, ni hāo! Zāoshangde kōngqì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bījiāo xīnxian yidiānr. W3 hén xīhuan zāoshang zài wàimian zòuyizSu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Jíntiǎn tiānqi y? bú cuò, méiyou féng, chūlai zSuzou duì shèntī y3u hāochu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi a! Jíntiǎnde tiānqi zhen</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shūfu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Jiàoshòu, nín jíntiǎn hāoxiàng hān gāoxìng ma!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: W3 hān gāoxìng. Nī zhīdao, duó jiú le, w3 xiāng qù kànkan Bāidà, kāshi yìzhí méiyou jfhui qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Jíntiǎn wSmen jiu kéyi qù cānguān le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi a. W3 shi gāo jiàoyu gòngzuòde. Zài Māiguéde shihou, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> chāngchéng xlhuan kàn xie guānyú Zhōngguó jiàoyu qíngkuàngde shǔ, kāshi, yào zhènde yínjiúde huà, z3ng juéde cāiliào bú gòu, y3u hān duo dSngxi bú gòu liāojiā, érqiā, yòu shihou yāude céiliào hé Zhǒngguóde qíngkuàng chābié hān dà, suāyī . . .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Nín y8u shénme wèntí jiu tíchulai, yāxú wō kéyi bāng nín yidiānr māng ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nī dāngyidāng, wō shìshi, kàn néng bu néng shuǒqíngchu a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Mei guānxi, nín mànmānr shuǒ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good morning, Professor!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good morning, how are you. The morning air is a little fresher. I like to go for a walk outside in the morning.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The weather is pretty nice today too. There’s no wind. It’s good for the health to go out and do some walking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. The weather today is ra</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nily </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">pleasant.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Professor, you seem so happy today.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, I am. You know, I've been wanting to go visit Bāijíng University for such a long time, but I never had the chance to.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But we’re going today.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's right. I’m in education. When I'm in the States I often like to read books about education in China, but I always feel that we don't have enough data to do actual research on it. There's a lot we don’t understand well enough. Furthermore, some of the data is very different from the Ctrue2 situation in China, so . . .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ask me any questions you have, maybe I can help you with them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wait a second, let me try and see if I can explain it clearly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It doesn't matter, take your time.</span></p>
- <div>
- <h3><a name="bookmark6"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark7"></a>so</span></h3>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zài nimen zhèr, dàxué fen yllèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">èrlèi, zhōngxué xiāoxué y? y3u zhòngdíān zhSng- xiāoxué hé pútōng zhōng- xiloxuéde qíTbié. Zhèiyang zuòde mùdi shi shénme ne? WS shi shuo . . .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here, your universitiet are divided into Class I and Class II, and your middle schools and elementary schools distinguish between key and regular ones. What is the purpose for doing that? I mean ...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: ftg, nl shuǒxiaqu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: WSde yìsi shi, yàoshi bā zhòng-diān fang zai Jlgè xuéxiào-shang, néng bu néng pùbiàn tí-gāo Jiàoyu shulpíng ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Zhèi shi yíge hèn hāode wèntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl zhidao, Zhōngguó ySu shíyìduō rénkBu, ySu name duo rén xūyào shòu Jiàoyu, késhi Jiàoyude qíngkuàng bù néng rang rén mXnyì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: fig.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Tebié shi Jīngguà Wénhuà Dà Gé-mlng ylhèu, Jiàoyu fāngmian zhēn y3u bù shío wèntí, suSyl zài mùqiánde qíngkuàng xià, wSmen déi bà zhòngdiān fang zai yíbùfen dàxué, zhSngxué, hé xiāoxuéshang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Name, zài zhòngdiān dàxuéli,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nimen rènwéi zuì zhūyàode gōngzud you shi shénme ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: ShSuxiǎn déi xiíng bànfā tígāo Jiáoshlde shulpíng. Xiànzài Jiàoshi shùliàng bú gōu, shulpíng bù gāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: ftg, zhèi shi yíge zhángyàode wèntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Shi, zhèige wèntí hé tígāo zhénggèr mínzúde Jiàoyu shulpíng ySu hén dàde guānxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hlo, name dìèr ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Gāo Sìge Xiàndàihuà xūyào hén</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duo shòuguo Jiàoyude rén, kèshi zhèijiàn shi bú shi zài duín</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark8"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark9"></a>5Í</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Uh-huh, ga on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I mean, if you put the emphasis on a few schools, will you be able to make a general improvement in the level of education?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s a very good question. You know, China has over a billion people people. There are so many people who who need to get an education, but educational conditions are not satisfactory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Uh-huh.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Especially since the Cultural Revolution, there have been a lot of problems in the area of education, so under the present conditions, we must put the emphasis on a portion of our colleges, middle schools, and elementary schools.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then in key colleges, what do you consider to be the principal Job?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">First of all we must try to raise the level of the instructors. At present the number of instructors is insufficient and their level is low.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, that's an important problem.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, it's a question that has great bearing on raising the educational level of the whole nation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, then the second thing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">To carry on the Four Modernizations we need a lot of educated people, but this can't be accomplished in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shíjiínli kéyi zuōhàode. Zhèi yidiàn nín digit tōngyì ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō dōng, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">v8</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Suoyi, wōmen bin yixiē zhōng-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">diàn xuéxiào, wèide shi JiSkuài Jiàoyu sùdu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Jiākuài Jiàoyu sùdu? Nīde yìsi shi shuō, zhōngdiàn xuéxiàode tiíojiàn bījiào hào, xuésheng, Jiàoshīde shuípíng y? bījiào gāo, zhèiyang, xuésheng Jiu yōu Jīhui zài bījiào duànde shíjiàn-li xué bījiào duode dōngxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Duì le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Name nīmen pài chū guōde liúxué-shěng shì bu shi dōu shi cōng zhòngdiXn xuéxiàoli láide ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Tǎmen duōbànr shi cōng zhōngdiàn dàxué láide, tèbié shi yánj iūshēng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō Jiànguo Jīwèi líi Méiguō niàn shūde liúxuéshěng, tamen dōu shi xué kexué Jìshude. Tīngshuō támen xuéde fetching nùlì. Zhōngguō liúxuéshēngde xuéxí zhōngdiàn shi kexué Jìshu, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Nín shuōde duì, tāmen zhùyào shi xué zirán kexué. Zhèi shi wōmen mùqián zuì dàde xūyào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tǎmen huí guō yīhōu dōu gào yánjiū gōngzuō ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Bù yídìng. Wō xiàng yōu yí dà bùfen hái dll zài dàxué danrèn Jiàoshīde gōngzuō. Shíxiàn Sìge Xiàndàihuà líbukíi Jiàoyu ma! Jiàoshōu, yōu shíjiān géi wō Jièshao Jieshao Méiguōde Jiàoyu qíngkuàng a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: HXo, nī duì nXifángmiànde qíngkuàng zuì yōu xìngqu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a short time. You probably agree with that point, don't you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understand, I understand.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So we are setting up some key schools in order to speed up the educational process.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">To speed up the educational process? You mean, key schools have better conditions, and the level of their students and teachers is higher, so the students have the opportunity to learn more things in a shorter time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then are all the students you send abroad from key schools?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They're mostly from key universities, especially the graduate students.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I've met several Chinese going to school in the United States. They were all studying science and technology. I hear that they were very hard-working. Chinese students abroad concentrate on science and technology, isn't that right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's right, they mainly study the natural sciences. That's our greatest need at present.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After they return home do they all do research work?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not necessarily. I think that a large portion of them still have to take up teaching positions in universities. Education is essential to achieving the Four Modernizations! Professor, when you have the time, tell me about education in America!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure. What aspect are you most interested in?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: W8 duì xiāoxué Jiàoyu, értóng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiàoyu suì yōu xìngqu, yínwei, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS xiXng yíge rén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> kāishí shòu Jiào-yude nèiduàn shiJiàn shi fetching zhdngyàode.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: W3 tóngyì níde kànfā, érqiě, chúle shàng xué ylwài, Jiātíng he shèhuìde Jiàoyu y? féicháng zhòngyào. Y3ude shihou, fùmùmen-de Jiàoyu qíngkuàng he háizimen yōu féicháng dàde guānxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Duì. Suóyi gSohāo Jiàoyu shi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhenggèr shèhuìde gōngzuò, wǒmen méige rén dǒu ySu zéren.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ni shuōde zhěn hāo. Duì le, Jintiǎn wǒmen cānguānde Béidà, shi bu shi Zhōngguó zuì hāode dàxué ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Běidà shi hěn yōu míngde dàxué, kěshi hěn nán shuo shi bu shi zuì hāode. Zài Zhōngguó yōu Jíge dàxué dōu bú cud. Béidàde Jiàoyu zhiliang Jlbenshang ràng rén minyì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ShiJian bù zio le, nín chi zāo-fàn le meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ou, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS hái méi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> chi zíofàn ne, wǒ mlshàng Jiù qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Bié Jí, wǒmen děngzhe nín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hāo, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hěn kuài Jiu lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m most interested in primary school and child education, because I think the period when a person begins his education is very important.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I agree with you. Furthermore, besides attending school, the education one gets in the home and in society are also very important. Sometimes the parents' education has a great bearing on the children ' s.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. So improving education is the Job of our entire society. Each of us has the responsibility for it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well said. Oh yes—is Běijlng University, which we're going to visit today, the best university in China?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B.U. is a very famous university, but it's difficult to ssy if it's the best. There are several universities in China that are pretty good. The quality of education.at B.U. is basically satisfactory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's getting late, have you had breakfast?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, I haven't had breakfast yet. I'll go right away.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No hurry, we'll wait for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, I'll be there shortly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This exercise is & review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this exercise, an American college student runs into a student from China at the Dupont Circle subway station in Washington, D.C.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you'll probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions below as you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">suàn to be counted as (good, bad, etc.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kějì science and technology (abbreviation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kěxue jìshu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huìhuà conversation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">JiXnchěng abbreviation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yángé to be strict</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Where did the American student learn Chinese? Where did the Chinese student learn English?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. What was language study like at B.U.? Do you think it is different from an American university? How do you know?</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What is the abbreviation for science and technology? Put the following into abbreviated form.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font18" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wénhuà jiàoyu _____________________</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(culture) (education) (the field of culture</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">and education)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rénmín dàhuì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(the people) (general member- (People’s Congress)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ship meeting)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yuyán wénzì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(spoken (writing) (language and</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">language) literature)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What is the Chinese student studying?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">According to the Chinese student, what kinds of science are not so clearly separated in modern society?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, a young Chinese teacher at Béijīng University walks over to her American student who is sitting under a tree reading a hook.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Lu XÙn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a famous Chinese author of the 1920s and 1930s)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yàoburín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">otherwise</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">k</span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">iln nan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">difficulty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">niénling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">age</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wenhuà Dà Gémìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Cultural Revolution</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàxué bìyèshěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">college graduate</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WénGé Cultural Revolution (abbreviation of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wénhuà Dà Géming) xuéyuàn (academic) institute</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Why does the student like to read Chinese literature? What is Ms. Lin’s reaction?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Why are Chinese students who go abroad older than usual? What does the American say are other characteristics of these students?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. How does Ms. Lin respond to the student's wish to t</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">alk</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> with more Chinese?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. Summarize this dialogue in two or three sentences. After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This conversation takes place at the BSiJīng University library when an An American graduate student and a Chinese graduate student happen to meet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cānkioshū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">reference book</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">department (of a school)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huódòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">activity</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">làngfèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to waste</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiàokěshū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">textbook</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. How does the American student feel about his study of Chinese?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Are post-Cultural Revolution college students in China very familiar with the social situation in their country? Why?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. Why do the American students want to go outside the university?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What sentences does the American use to take leave of the Chinese?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At the Dupont Circle subway station in Washington, D.C., an Americah college student (A) runs into a student from China (B).</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duìbuql, nl shi céng Zhǒnggué láide liúxuéshēng ba?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì a! Nīde Zhōngwén zènme</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hSo, qùguo Zhǒnggué ba?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hái méiyou, yìhòu yòu jlhui </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">wS</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yídìng yào qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nà nīde ZhSngwén Jiù shi zài</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Huáshèngdùn xuéde?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Eng. Jīnián yīqián w3 zài Jià-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zh8u Dàxué xuéguo yìnián, lái Huáshèngdùn yīhòu you yìzhí zài xué. Késhi Zhǒngwénde shuīpíng háishi bú gdu gǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: NX méiyou qùguo Zhǒngguó, ZhSngwén zènme hào le, v8 lái Méigué yljīng yìnián, Yīngwén shuīpíng háishi tígǎode hén man.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zài ZhSngguáde shihour nī xuéguo Yīngwén ba?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xuéguo, xuéguo sǎnnián ban ne!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi Yīnggué Yīngwén?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì, érqié jiàoshī y? d5u shi Zhǒngguo rén* suéyi chǔ gué yīhòu zuì did* wèntí shi tīng-budSng, shuffbuchǔlái. Kin shǔ bl shuō huà réngyiduS le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zài ZhSngguúde shihou, nl zài</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">néige dàxué niàn shǔ?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zài Bèidà. Béidàde Yīngwén hái </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">suàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bú cuò, búguò, wSmen.xué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kējìd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e xuésheng zhòngdiXn shi kàn shǔ, fányi, bú shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huìhuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Excuse me, you must be a student from China, aren-'t you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes! Your Chinese is so good! Have you been to China?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not yet, but if I get the chance to I'm sure I'll go visit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then you learned all your Chinese here in Washington?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm. A few years ago I had a year of Chinese at the University of California, and since I came to Washington, I've been studying it all along. But </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">iny</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> level in Chinese still isn't high enough.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Your Chinese is this good and you've never been to China, but I've been in the States a year already and my English level is still improving very slowly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You studied English when you were in China, I suppose?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure, I studied it for three and a half years'.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">British English?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, and my teachers were all Chinese, so after I left China my biggest problem was that I couldn't understand people talking and I couldn't speak. Reading is a lot easier than speaking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In China, what university were you studying at?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At B.U. B.U. is pretty good for En</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gli</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sh, but for us students in science and technology the emphasis is on reading and translating, not on conversation.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Kějì? Shi bu shi kěxué jìshu?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi. Wines chángchíng yòng hěn dui </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jilnchěng,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> duìbuqí ya!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nà méiyou shenme. Búguò w3 hái yòu yìdiSnr bù dòng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shénme dìfangr?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nimen cháng shuo kexué fěn liàng-bùfen, yíbùfen shi shèhui kěxué, yíbùfen shi zìrén kěxué. Nàme kěxué Jìshu shuǒde jiù shi zìrán kěxué ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhè bú shi nàme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yán'géd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e, tèbié shi xiàndài shèhui, zirán kěxué hé shèhui kěxué jiu fěnde bú nàme qīngchu le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèi w3 tóngyì. Zài fěn lèide wèntíshang, w8men yòu hěn duǒ shuǒfl hé nimen bú tài yíyàng.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Òu, chě l£i le, v3 yào shàng chě le. Yīhòu yīu Jlhui zài tan.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hiode, xiàci w8men yòng Ylng-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">vén tán.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hào, xièxie ni, zàijiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zàijiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">’’Kějì”? Is that science and technology?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. We use a lot of abbreviations, pardon me!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No problem. But there's still something I don't understand.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You often say that science has tvo divisions. One is social science and the other is natural science.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So does science and technology refer only to the natural sciences?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This Cdistinction! isn't so strict. Especially in modern society, the natural sciences and the social sciences aren't so clearly separated.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I agree vith that. On questions of categorization, ve have a lot of ideas that are different from yours.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, here comes the train. I have to get on it. In the future we'll talk some more if ve get the chance.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right. Next time we'll talk in English.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, thank you. Good-bye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good-bye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">On the campus of Běijlng Language Institute, and American student (B) is sitting under a tree reading a book. A young teacher (A) from the Chinese department walks over to chat.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zài niàn shénme ne? What are you reading?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ò, Lin Lěoshl, nín hlo! W3 zài Oh, Miss LÍn (Teacher Lin), how are</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Lú Xùn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Xiěnshengde xiloshuò. you! I'm reading some fiction by (Mr.) Lǔ Xùn.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi nlyipiǎn na?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What piece?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: "Yào." W3 hén xihuan Lú Xùn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànshengde xiáoshuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wé xiáng, zài Méiguóde shihou, Zhōngguó lìshī, Zhōngguí wénxué, nl dàgài niànde bù shlo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xue Zhōngwén, bìxū shSuxiSn xué yidiXnr lìshī hé wénxué, dōng yidiXnr Zhōngguō wénhuà, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yàobu-rán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xué Zhōngwén yídìng yōu hén dàde kùnnan. Zhōngguō liúxué-shéng yé shi zhèiyang zud ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wōmende xuéxí tiéojiàn hái shi bú cuòde, késhi liúxuéshěng chù guō yīqián déi duì nèige guōjiSde wénhuà zud bìyàode liéojié. Zài zhèifíngmiàn, wSmen zudde hái hén bú gdu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō tīngshuō Zhōngguō liúxué-shěngde niánling, dōu bú tài xilo le, duōbànr shi Wénhuà Dà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gémìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yīqián bìyède.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi. Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīqiánde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàxué bìyèshěng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> púbiànde zhìliàng bījiào gǎo. hé </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">WénGé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yīhdude dàxuéshing chfibié bù xiáo.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nàme shùliàng ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shùliàng yé bù shio.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nàme zhèixiě bìyèshéng shi bu shi dōu dinrèn bījiào zhōngyàode gōngzuō ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bù dōu yíyàng. Mùqián, Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīqiánde dàxué bìyè-shěng yōu hén duō dinrèn bījiào zhdng yàode gōngzuō. Bīfang shuō wōmen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xuéyuàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ba, gōngzuáde bī-jilo hiode yé duōbànr shi nèige shíhourde dàxuéshěng. Dlngrán, hái yōu gèng láode.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"Medicine.” I like Lú Xùn's fiction very much.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I guess you've probably read quite a lot of Chinese history and literature in America.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">To study the Chinese language, you have to first study a little history and literature, and understand a little Chinese culture, otherwise you're sure to have a hard time studying the language. Do Chinese who go abroad to study do the same thing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our conditions for study are fairly good, but before a student goes abroad, he ought to acquire the requisite understanding of the country [he is going tol. In this area, we have as yet done far from enough-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understand that the Chinese students going abroad aren't very young; most of them graduated [from coliegel before the Cultural Revolution.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. In general the quality of college graduates from before the Cultural Revolution is higher. They're quite different from the post-Cul-tural Revolution college students.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How about in terms of numbers?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Their numbers are quite large, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So do these graduates all take on rather important jobs?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They're not all the same. At present, there are many pre-Cultural Revolution college graduates who have taken on rather important jobs. For example, in our Institute, those who do their work comparatively well are mostly college students from that time. Of course there are older ones as well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō bin xīhuan wōmende líosbī, y? bin xīhuan Yúyán Xuéyuàn, wō zhī shi xīvàng yōu bījilo duōde Jīhui hé Zhōngguó xuésheng, làoshī duō tintan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hào, hlo, yōu shiJiàn wǒmen duō tántan. Nī kàn shǔ ba. Yìhuīr Jiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I like our teachers very much, and the Institute, too. I just wish we would have more opportunities to talk with the Chinese students and teachers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right, we’ll talk more when we get the time. You go on reading. See you in a while.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Lin Lǎoshī yìhuīr Jiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">See you in a while, Miss LÍn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise u</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American graduate student (A) walks up the stairs in front of the Biijīng University library. A Chinese graduate student (B), whose arms are full of books, is trying to open the door with his foot.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō lái, wō lái! Déngyidéng, wō lái bang ni kāi men.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xièxie ni.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhè dǒu shi nī Jiède shǔ a?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a! Yōngle liāngge xīngqīde</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngfu, hào rōngyi cái kànwán le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bú cud, liāngge xīngqī kàn zhème duō Yīngwén </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cǎnkāoshǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, sùdu bú màn na!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(They enter the door and "B" goes a table. A few minutes later, ”B<sup>W</sup> com</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ll get it, I’ll get it. Wait a second, I’ll open the door for'you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">These are all books you borrowed?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yeah! It took me long enough to finish reading them—two weeks!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not bad! To read all these English reference books in two weeks, that's a pretty good speed!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to return his books. "A" sits down at is over to her.)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiǔxi Jīfēn zhǒng zài Jìnqu kàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shu, hāo bu hāo a?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo. Nèitiān, xìli yánjiǔshěng kāi huì, dàjii dōu rènwéi nī tán-de hān hlo, yS dōu Juéde nīde ZhŌngwén bī gang lái Béidàde shihou hiode duō le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Késhi wō háishi Juéde xuéxí sùdu tài màn, wǒmen dōu xīwàng néng Jiākuài sùdu, tígào shuǒ huàde shuīpíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Why don't you rest a few minutes before you go in to study, okay?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. The other day when the graduate students in the department held a meeting, everyone thought that what you said was very good, and we all felt that your Chinese is much better now than when you first came to B.U.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But I still feel that our pace of study is tóo slow. We all wish we could speed up the pace to improve our speaking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nèitiín nl tíchulaide guXnyú yào liXoJié Zhōngguō ehèhuìde wèntí, xuéxiào fangmian yídìng huì kXo-lude. KSshi,wō xiXng, nīmen shuǒ Zhōngwénde Jīhui bù shXo a! Yōu Zhōngguō 1ioshi, yōu Zhōngguō tōngxué, érqiē nīmende Zhōngwén dōu bú cud le, nīmen wàiguo xuésheng zìjī y? kéyi shuǒ Zhōngwén ma!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wōmen zìjī zài yìqī shuǒ Yīngwén shi hēn zìránde. Érqié, xué-xiàoli dōu shi xuésheng hé iXo-shī. Wōmen hēn xīvàng hé shè-huìshangde pútōng rén tányitán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wōmen zhèixiē xuésheng duōbànr yē dōu shi cōng pǔtōngde Jiǎtíngli láide ma. Tèbié shi Jīngguō Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīhòude dàxué-shēng duōbànr dōu zài shèhuì-3hang gōngzuōguo hēn duō niXn, bījiào liXojiē shèhuìde qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò, zhè hái shi yōu qùbiéde. Shèhuìde qíngkuàng gēn dàxuélīde qíngkuàng hēn bù yíyàng. Wōmen lái Zhōngguō niàn shǔde wàiguō liúxuéshēng, yánjiǔshēng, dōu hēn xiing duō liXojiX Zhōngguode qíngxing, tèbié shi xiXng liXo-Jiē nīmen shíxiàn SÌge Xiàndài-huàde qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Dāngrán, dangrán. ZhèiyidiXn wōmen shi qīngchude. Wōmen xiXng tài duōde shèhuì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huōdōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dàgài huì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">làngfèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nīmen bù shaode shí-Jiān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò! Méiyou wèntí, zài Mēiguōde dàxuéli, wōmen bú jiù shi zài xuéxiào hé túshǔguXnli niàn shǔ, shèhuì shēnghuō shi wōmen zuì zhōngyàode </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiàokěshǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yē shi zuì hXode iXoshì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: HXode, hXode, wō yídìng he xì-li tinyitan, duō gēi nīmen ǎnpai yidiXnr cānguān fXngwènde huōdōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m sure the school will consider the question you brought up about wanting to learn about Chinese society. But it seems to me you have plenty of chances to speak Chinese! There are the Chinese teachers, and your Chinese classmates. Besides, you all speak Chinese very well now. You foreign students can speak Chinese among yourselves!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's natural for us to speak English together. Besides, in school it's all students and teachers. We want very much to converse with ordinary people in society.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Most of us students are from ordinary families, you know. In particular, most college students after the Cultural Revolution have worked in society many years and understand the social situation pretty well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, there's still-a difference. Society is quite different from the situation in the university. All of us foreign college and graduate students who come to China to study want to understand the situation here, and especially how the accomplishment of the Four Modernizations is progressing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of course, of course. We understand that. But we think that too many social activities would probably waste a lot of your time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, that's no problem. In American universities, we don't just study in school and in the library. Social life is our most important textbook and our best teacher.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right, I'll be sure to talk with the department, and set up more visiting activities for you people.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: HXode, xièxie ni. Nl kuài Jìnqu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">niàn ahū ba! Bú zhàn aide shí-JlSn le. Zàijiàn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good, thank you. Nov you go on in and study. I won’t take up any more of your time. Good-bye.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zàijiàn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good-bye.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Uniit 3, Reference List</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Tiaen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">S&L</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> *hèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gǒngshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiào </span><span class="font17" style="font-weight:bold;">shame? </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dlnzishang yǒu aliyon xilzheT</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What do they call this commune? Is</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">it written on the list?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xièzhe ne, Jiào "</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Sì.lìqīng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.**</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, It's called SÌJÌqlng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Zhèige gǒngshè shíwùge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàduì-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de chānliàng. dǒu zhème gāo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is the output this high In all fifteen brigades of this commune?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: ChàbuduS, zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shǎndìd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e lilngge dìduì, chānliàng shio yidilnr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Almost. The two brigades in the mountains have somewhat lover outputs.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Bíijlng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiāoqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shSngchin yì-zhǒng yǒu míngde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàozi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Jiào shénme?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiio JlnreTdio. Béijīngde Jing, dSng-xì-nán-bèide de xī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There's a famous kind of rice produced in the suburbs of Beijing-What's It called?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's called Jīngxldào. Jīn£ </span><span class="font17" style="font-weight:bold;">aa in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">BEijlng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xf</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dǒng-xl-nín-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">béi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A:</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-5.png" alt="" style="width:44pt;height:24pt;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yígǒng y3u Jlge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">píng-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hov many flatland regions are there in the whole country?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Mlàn.11 bījiío dàde yǒu sìge, dǒu shi shéngchln </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liángshid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e zhùyào dìqū.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There are four which are relatively large; all of them are major grain-producing regions.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Nèige shéngchln </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shǔcàid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e dàduì zhì yǒu liùshi~hù!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a, èrblidu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ǒkǒu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rén mli-nián mid géi guǒjiā bù shlo-de cli na!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The brigade that produces vegetables has only sixty households !</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, for two hundred people, they sell a lot of vegetables to the state every year!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Xiànzii, gio JlngJi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlànshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hái shi Zhǒngguǒ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">remain</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zuì zhǒngyàode gǒngzud a!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Today, engaging in economic construction is still the most important work of the Chinese people!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi, suirán zhèixiS nián </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎzhán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> sùdu hén kuài, késhi JlngJi hái shi wǒmende gǒngzud zhǒngdián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, although the pace of development has been very fast the past few years, the economy is still the main focus of our work.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: He! Nīmende </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">càidl shōud</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e bù shlo a!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiù ahi ma, mèimù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōu shōu yíwinduō Jin na!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Zhèige gōngshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jīxièhuà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yīhòu, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mǔch&n</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> tígāole duō-shāo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tígāole yíbàn duō yidiān, chàbuduō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bāifēnzhī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wùshiyī.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Nī Jiù cānguānle "Sìjīqīng?" Biéde Jīge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiānj in</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngshè ne? Shénme shihou qù ya?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Guò Jitiān Jiù qù, péi JĪ-wèi nōngyè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhuānj iā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yìqī qù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Zhèige dìqūde nōngyè shēng-chān yōu shénme tèdiān ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: WŌmen shizhe </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zǔzhil</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e Jīge . </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhuānyèhuàd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e gōngshè, tāmen-de shēngchān bījiāo yōu tèdiān.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Nimen gōngshè yōu zhème duō dà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tuōlājI</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ng, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">píngjūn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> mèige dàduì èrshi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tai~</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wōmen hái xiāng duō mXi jītāi ne!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12. A: CŌng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">túpiàns</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hang kàn, nimen gōngzuōde hāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xīnkù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Méiyou shenme xīnkù, jiù shi zùi xuéxiào hōubianr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhong </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">diānr cài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">13• zhuānyè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1U. Jīqì (jīqi)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wow! You’ve harvested quite a lot from your vegetable plots!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure, we harvested over ten thousand catties from each </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> of - land!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Since this conmune was mechanized, how much has the yield per mu been increased?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It was raised a little more than half, about fifty one percent.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You’ve only visited SÌJÌqīng? How about the other advanced communes? When are you going to them?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We'll be going in a few days. We're going with several specialists in agriculture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is there anything distinctive about the agricultural production of this region?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We have organized a few specialized communes on a trial basis. Their production set-up is rather distinctive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Your commune has so many large tractors!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, every brigade has twenty on the average, and we want to buy a few more!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">From the picture it looks like you’re working very hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not so hard. We’re just planting some vegetables behind the school.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">special line/field/discipline machine</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit 3, Vocabulary List</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">biifln zhX</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">percent</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">càidi chXnliàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">vegetable plot output, yield</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàduì dàozi dí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(production) brigade rice; paddy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">earth, soil; land; fields</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fízhXn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to develop, to expand, to grov</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gongshè guìn X Jiao Y</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cofflnunc to call X Y</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-hù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-huì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">household, family -ize</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiìnshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to construct, build; construction, reconstruction</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">jiíoqū Jīngxfdìo Jīxièhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">suburbs, outskirts (a kind of rice plant) to mechanize</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-kSu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(counter for people)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1lingshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">grain, cereals</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">miìnji -mil mflchln</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(surface) area </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. a unit of area per-mu yield</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">píngjūn píngyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">average, mean plain, flatlands</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">quánguS</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the whole country</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">remain</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the people</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shāndì sh5u shūcìi SÌJÌqīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mountainous region, hilly area to harvest vegetable</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(& conzmune in BSiJīng suburbs)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-tíi tèdiln tuōlājī túpiìn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(counter for machines) distinctive trait, characteristic tractor</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">picture, photograph</span></p>
- <p><span class="font21" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">6b</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiānjin xínkú</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhong zhuānjiā zhuānyè zhuānyèhui zúzhi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be advanced</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be hard work; to be toilsome, to be arduous; to work hard, to go through hardships, to go to great trouble</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to plant specialist, expert special line/field/discipline to specialize; specialization to organize, to form</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit 3, Reference Notes</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Tinea </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gain</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gǒngshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiloshénme? Dānzishang yǒu méiyou xièzhe?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xièzhe ne, jiào "</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">SÌjìqíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">."</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What do they call this commune? Is it written on the list?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, it's called Sìjìqlng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guin...jilo...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Guin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> A </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiao</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> B means "to call AB.”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gulngdǒng rén guin qípáo jiio Cantonese call </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qipaos</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (a kind of "chángshln." dress) "chángshin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gǒngshè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "commune" This is short for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">remain gǒngshè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "people's comune" (the word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">remain</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is taught in exchange 6). </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gǒng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "public." and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is an "organized body."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">People's communes, of which there are now over 52,000 in China, are the administrative units of the countryside. There are three levels of commune organization: the production team, with from eleven to over one hundred households; the production brigade, with from twenty to over one thousand households; and the commune itself, with from six to seventeen brigades or from fifty-six to 275 teams. A typical commune might have a population of 22,500 people, broken down into fifteen production brigades of three hundred families each, and each brigade would in turn be composed of ten production teams of thirty families. (Of course, no actual commune would be divided up so evenly.) A typical county might be made up of thirteen communes of this size.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The people's communes were formed after a long series of changes in the organization of the countryside, beginning with the Land Reform Movement of 1950. This movement distributed the land to the peasants; the next step was to begin the coordination of their efforts in production. They did this in 1951 by forming mutual aid teams, also called work exchange teams. The peasants still owned their own land, plows, and livestock, but they pooled their manpower, tools, and other resources to get the work done.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In 1953* elementary agricultural cooperatives were organized by merging several mutual aid teams. The land, tools, and livestock became the property of the cooperative, but the profits from the land were distributed, not retained by the eooKune for investment. In 1956, when advanced agricultural cooperatives were established, the distribution of profits was abolished.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In 1958, the last step to communize China was taken. The people's communes were formed by the merging of several advanced agricultural cooperatives. What was formerly an advanced agricultural cooperative became, a production brigade. The original plan for communization had called for completion in 1967. Since no major problems were encountered, the plan was completed nine years ahead of tine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Today, commune members still live in individual houses. All the land, buildings<sub>v</sub> shops, clinics, large machinery, electrical power stations, factories, and so on, belong to the commune. However, the planning of the production and the payment of the members, which depends on the amount of production, is done on the production team level. All the teams have their own livestock, but they take turns borrowing large machines such as planters or tractors from the commune. Production teams often specialize in one type of activity, such as crop raising, machinery repair, or animal husbandry. Production brigades handle tasks which are beyond the capacity of a team, such as irrigation or the purchasing of a tractor. Truly large projects like road construction or the establishment of a large, well-equipped hospital, must be taken on by the commune.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōu méiyou xj?zhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is the marker of duration. Together with a</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">verb, it describes a STATE, for example:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kǎizhe.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(The door</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is in the state of having been opened.)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"The door is open."</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guǎnzhe.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(The door</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is in the state of having been closed.)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"The door is closed."</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thus, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiézhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, in exchange 1, means literally "in the state of having been written."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">To make a verb plus -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> negative, use </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">méi(you)</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (not bù):</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Men méi kǎizhe. The door is not open.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mén méi guānzhe. The door is not closed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dānzishang méi xiézhe. It isn't written on the list.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">To make a question, use one of the following patterns:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mén kǎizhe ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M&x y8u méiyou kǎizhe? Is the door open?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mén kǎizhe meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">He</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often added onto the end of a sentence with -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mén kǎizhe ne ma? Is the door open?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Kǎizhe ne. Yes, it's open.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Many speakers of standard Chinese do not use this </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-zhe;</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> they would replace it hy phrasing such as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Mén kāile</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dǎnzishang yōu méiyou xiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xíī le méiyou)</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. These sentences are also perfectly good Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Sìjìqìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: A ccasune in rural Biijīng. Literally, the name means "four-seasons-green," in other words, "green all year round."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Half the population of the municipality of BèiJIng lives in rural areas, in 272 people’s communes. The principal crops are wheat, rice, and vegetables, including cabbage, eggplants, cucumbers, and tomatoes. There are also orchards producing apples, pears, peaches, and persimmons. About half the vegetables grown in Biijlng's communes supply the city's needs completely and half are shipped elsewhere.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Zhèige gōngshè shíwúge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàduì-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chānliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōu zhème gāo ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is the output this high in all fifteen brigades of this commune?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chàbuduō, zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shǎndìd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e liāngge dàduì, chinliàng shào yidiānr.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Almost. The two brigades in the mountains have somewhat lower outputs.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàduì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "(production) brigade," short for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shēngchān dàduì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chànllàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "output, yield," literally, "production-amount."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shāndì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "mountainous region; hilly area; hilly country," literally, "mountain-land."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Airbā'níyà shi shǎndì guójiā. Albania is a mountainous country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài shin Output is somewhat lower in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mountainous regions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèige dìfang shi shin , kāi chè That's hilly country; it isn’t bú tài fāngblan. easy to drive there.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Bíijìng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JiāoQÚ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shingchln yì-zhōng y8u míngde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàozi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, Jiào shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlngddào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. BiiJIngde J Ing, dōng-xl-nán-biide xl.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There's a famous kind of rice produced in the suburbs of Billing. ’What's it called?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's called JīngxIdào. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jīng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">BiiJIng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xf</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dōng-xl-nān-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bii bīT</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiǎoqǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "suburbs, outskirts"</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The bound form </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiao</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "suburbs," as in</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark10"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark11"></a>ID</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">BEU Ing xlJiio.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "the western suburbs of BōiJIng," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yuSnjiào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "the outer suburbs." and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">.Ixnjiāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the close suburbs." (Qū, "area, district," will be introduced separately in Unit 5 of this module?)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">BliJIng jiioqū yígōng yōu Altogether, there are 272</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">èrbáiqīshièrge gōngshè. communes in the suburbs of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bōijlng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sìjìqfng gongshè zài Bíijfngde The commune SÌjiqíng is in the jin jiǎoqǔ. close suburbs of Bōijīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàozi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "rice" in the paddy or after harvesting but before huiijng. (After hulling, it is called ml, and when cooked it is called </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jíngxīdào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "Capital-West Rice," a variety famous for its good taste.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bōijingde jīng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jīng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">BèlJíng"</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> In conversation, you identify a word or character by giving a common phrase in which it is used. The pattern for doing this is</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Phrase -de Word</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e.g., yí èr sin si -de si "’four’ as in ’one two three four’"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This pattern can be especially useful when you tell someone your Chinese name. If you were called Chen Dingwén. ( ), for example, you could</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">identify the characters of your first name by saying </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yídìngde ding, wénxuéde win,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ding</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yídìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (’certainly’), and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wénxue</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ('literature *)."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dōng-xí-nán-bōi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: While in English we usually name the directions of the compass in the order "north, south, east, west," in Chinese they are usually named in the order</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dōng xí nin bíi or dōng nan xí b?i</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">east west south north east south west north</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Quánguō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yígōng yōu jlge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">píng-vuan?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Miànji</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bijlio dàde yōu sìge, dōu shi shèngchin </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liángshid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e zhfiyio dìqū.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How many flatland regions are there in the whole country?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There are four which are relatively large in area; all of them are major grain-producing regions.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">quánguō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the whole country"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wti Zuòrénde huà zài quánguō hōn yōu mi ng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Quánguō chinliàng zuì gǎode dìqū shi Sichuan.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The paintings of WG Zuōrén are famous throughout the country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The area of the country with the highest output is Sichuan.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Béijíng Ylo-líng-yào ZhSngxuéde The educational quality of Bèijīng's Jiàoyu shiliàng quínguí dìyí. Ho* 101 Middle School is first in the country.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">second example, you need to knov</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ndìn.11</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "(surface) area" (For the </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">píngf£ngg#nglí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "square kilometer.")</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige gSngshède miànji du6 dà?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What is the area of this commune?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhSngguode miànji shi JiSbii liùshiwàn píngfàng gǒnglí.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China*s area is 9*6 million square kilometers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mlIn.11 bijiào dàde ySu aìge</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This is a useful structure with </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">y8u</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Miànji bijiào dàde (píngyuín)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">! y8u 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sìge.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(As for the ones Cflatlandsl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; there</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">four.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">with a relatively large area,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"><sub>(</sub>* are</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"There are four with a relatively large area."</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ti bú yuànyi qù ZhSnggufide yuányín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhúyào y8u</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">liKngge.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(As for the reasons why he doesn't want to go to China,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">there are mainly</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">two.)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"There are mainly two reasons why he doesn't want to go to China."</span></p>
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- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zuótiin mei líide (rén)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ySu duōshào?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(As for those Cpeople3 who didn't come yesterday,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">there how many?) were</span></p></td></tr>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"How many people were there who didn't come yesterday?"</span></p>
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- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhongwén shuSde nàme hàode Méiguo rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">méiyou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jlge.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(As for Americans who speak Chinese that well,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">there aren't</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a few.)</span></p></td></tr>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"There aren't but a few Americans who speak Chinese that well."</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">llíngahi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "grain, cereals," but in Chinese terminology this can also include other staples like beans and sweet potatoes.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Helge shěngchln </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shǔcàid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e dàduì zhi y8u liÙ8hi~hSĪ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a, èrbàiduS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kSu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rén mei-nién mài g?i guéjiǎ bù shlo-de cài na!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The brigade that produces vegetables has only sixty households!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, for two hundred people, they sell a lot of vegetables to the state every year!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hotel on Bo«- 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hù(r)t</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "household, family" The original meaning of this word, was "door." BDaw it haa become the counter for households. Besides its use in exchange 5, -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can also be followed by the noun </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rénjiǎ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "people-home," that is, "family":</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige dàduì yōu duōshao hù rénjiǎ?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài Mliguō, chàbuduō méihù dōu ySu diànshì.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How many households are there in this brigade?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In American, almost every family has a television.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kŌu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Literally, "mouth," this as making up a family, as in</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is the counter for people considered</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hi Jiǎ yōu JìkŌu rén?</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How many people are there in your</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">family?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mài gōi guojiǎ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "sell to the state" Every year, a production team must give a certain percentage (usually from five to seven percent) of ita produce and caah income in taxes to the state. In addition, they must sell a quota of grain to the state, the quantity being established according to the population of the team, and the area and productivity of the land. If th* team is left with additional grain after fulfilling their quota, they decide for themselves how much of it they will sell for cash to the state at a higher price and how much will be put into the team's grain reserves. The state sets quotas for grains; fruit and vegetable supply and demand are coordinated by local government authorities.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">...bù shǎode cài na!</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ha</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is not a new word for you; it is Just a contraction of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and a. You have learned that </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is the marker of absence of change. Here it has a special function: to show that the speaker is trying to convince the listener of the greatness of an amount, the great extent of</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a condition, or a fact which surpasses</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎde shōurù bù shǎo ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ shuōle yào zuò dao hln win ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hlo rà'naode dìfang na!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Kàn tǎ nàme niǎnqìng, híi néng qù zuà Jiàoshòu ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yào cǎnguǎn nàme duō dìfang, yíge xlngqí nlr gòu? </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Liāngge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xlngqī hǎi bú gòu ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhème dàde rén hǎi kū na!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ordinary expectations. Examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">His income is not small (i.e., more than you would suspect)!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">She said she was going to work until very late.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What a lively place!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Isn't it something that someone as young as he can be a professor!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How could one week be long enough to visit so many places? </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Two </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">weeks wouldn't even be enough!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Imagine, such a grown-up person crying!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Xiǎnzli, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">gfo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> JlngJi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiànshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hái shi ZhSnggutf </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rennin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zuì zhàngylode gōngzuò a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì, suTrín zhèixiē niín </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fSzhln</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> sùdu hSn toil, kèshi JīngJi hái shi wùmende gōng-zuB zhèngdiǎn.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Today, engaging in economic construe<sup>-</sup>tion is still the most important work of the Chinese people!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, although the pace of development has been very fast the past few years, the economy is still the main focus of our work.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">.1 iènshè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to construct, to build up; construction" This is mostly used in a special sense: to construct or build up a country. The Jargon "socialist construction," "the construction of China," or "China reconstructs" conveys an attitude toward the "mission” facing the country: to build China from the ruins left by a semi-feudal, semi-colonial society into a socialist power and to create the conditions for the transition to Connunism. "Socialist construction" includes the reform of the superstructure as well as the development of the national economy.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8men yào bl ZhSnggué Jiìnshè-chéng yíge xiìndiihuàde shè-huizhùyì guéjiǎ.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We want to build China into a</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a modem socialist nation.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">re""*n</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ? "the people" You have seen* this word already in Renminbi. "People’s currency." Distinguish between </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">remain</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">renmen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Rénmen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (with the plural ending -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">men</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) refers to any and all people, without class implications. It has approximately the same scope as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàjiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "everyone.” </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Rémnín,</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">on the other hand, refers to the broad excludes state and class enemies.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhSngguá rémnín xfving néng shénghuóde ending.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Quángué yígòng ySu wttwàn èrqiān-duō rénmín gBngshè.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">masses and lower-level cadres, and</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Chinese people hope to be able live peaceful and settled lives.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There are over 52,000 people’s communes in the whole country.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎzhln</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to develop, to grow" In the Society module, you learned the adjectival verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎdá</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "to be developed." Now you see the action verb for "to develop."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi èrshinién lái, Rìbínde qìchē gǒngyè fǎzhlnde biJiSo kuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguó zhèngfù zài null fǎzhǎn gōngyè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ yǎnjiū fǎzhǎnzhǒng guó'iāde JīngJi qíngkuàng.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Over the past twenty years, Japan’s automobile industry has developed rather quickly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Chinese government is working hard to develop industry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He studies the economic situation of developing countries.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: He! Nlmende </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">càidì shSud</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e bù Wow! You’ve harvested quite a lot ■hlo a! from your vegetable plots!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiù shi But, mlimìí </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> d3u shǒu Sure, we harvested over ten thousand yíwànduB JIn na! catties from each </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> of land!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7 càidì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "vegetable plots" or "vegetable fields" (large or small). </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sh3u</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "to harvest"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Lio Wǎngde càidì mliniǎn shSude Lio Wing harvests a lot of fǎnqié dǒu hln duo. tomatoes from his vegetable</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">plots every year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shǒubudào liǎngshi, zlnme chi If we can't harvest any grain, fan ne? how will we eat? (rhetorical</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">question said by farmers when working in the fields)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: A Chinese unit of area equal simply written </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (or sometimes </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mou</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "land," "ground," or "fields</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèikuài dì ylqiǎn shi w8 fùqinde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ cong dìshang zhlodàole nèizhī bl.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shuì dìshang ba! Liǎn Jiàoshdu dSu shuì nàr ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhème zlo nimen Jiù dào dill qù gSngzud la!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shSude bù shlo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "harvested quite of the pattern Verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-de</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Quantity:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl chide tài shlo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guǎnyú zhèige, w8 zhidaode bù du8.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ kàn xiloshuǒ kànde bi w8 duo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 bú shi Jiào nl shlo mil yi-dilnr ma? Nl milde tài duB le!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to 1/15 hectare. In English this is</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This piece of land used to belong to my father.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He found that pen on the ground.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sleep on the ground! Even professors sleep there!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You're going to work in the fields . so early!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a lot" Here are some more examples</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You're eating too little.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don't know much about this.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He reads more fiction than I.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Didn't I tell you not to buy very much? You bought too much!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Zhèige gSngshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jīxièhuà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yīhòu, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mfiehln</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> tígāole duō-sh*o?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tígiole yíbàn du5 yidiàn, chàbuduō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bàifēnzhī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wúshiyf.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Since this commune was mechanized, how much has the yield per </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">been increased?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It was raised a little more than 'half, about fifty-one percent.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">,1 Ixièhuà:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "to mechanize; mechanization" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jīxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "machinery," "mec</span><span class="font11" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:line-through;">h</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a</span><span class="font11" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:line-through;">ni</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cs," or "mec</span><span class="font11" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:line-through;">h</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a</span><span class="font11" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:line-through;">ni</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cal." -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Huà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is the syllable which corresponds to "-ize" (make into), which you learned in the previous unit in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiàndàihuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "to modernize."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nōngyè Jīxièhuà xiànzài shi Agricultural mechanization is now</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nōngcūnde zhòngdiàn gōngzuō. the key task in rural' areas.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nimen dàduìde Jīxièhuà shuīpíng The level of mechanization in your xiāngding gǎo a.' brigade is quite high!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yíbàn duō yidiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "a little more than half" CThe opposite, " a little less than half, could be said as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ehàyidiànr yíbàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yíbàn ship yidiānr.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yíbàn bú dào yidilnr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.J</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bSlfēnzhí wúshiyī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "fifty-one percent"- Chinese does not have a separate word for "percent," expressing percentages with the same pattern used for all fractions. First, therefore, you should learn how to express fractions. In Chinese, the tvo parts of a fraction are stated in the </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">reverse</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> order from English, with the word -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in between. (-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is a literary word with the same use as -de: possessive or modification marker.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sinf.ēn zhí èr</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(3 parts *8 2) "tvo parts out of three,"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">i.e., "tvo thirds"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are a few more examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">èrfēnzhl yī* -y- slnfěnzhī yī sìfēnzhl yī èrshifēnzhī yī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sìfēnzhl vtt bāfēnzhī wù shíjiúfēnzhī shíqī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Percentages (hundredths) are expressed like this:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bàifēn zhī wúshiyī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(100 parts ’s 51) "fifty-one parts out of one hundred," i.e., "fifty-one one hundredths" or "fifty-one percent"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Normally, of course, you would say </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yíbàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark12"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark13"></a>lb</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"One hundred percent," therefore, is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bāifēnzhl bāi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He is one hundred percent American.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā shi bāifénzhì biide Méiguo rén.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: HI jiù cānguānle "Sìjìqìng?" Biéde jlge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiānjìn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gongshè ne? Shénme shíhou qù ya?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Guò jitiān jiù qù, pel jì-wèi nǒngyè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhuānjiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yìqī qù.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You've only visited Sìjìqìng? How about the other advanced communes? When are you going to them?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We'll be going in a few days. We're going with several specialists in agriculture.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">biéde</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "the other few" Compare:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl jiù cānguān gǒngshè ma? You're only visiting communes?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bù cānguān biéde shenme dìfang? You're not going to visit any other kinds of places?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiānjìn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "advanced" This is used to describe people, work units, or methods of a high level, worthy of emulation. Individuals may be designated as advanced workers (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiānjìn gōngzuòzhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) by their unit leaders or elected by their fellow workers, and units such as factories and communes may be designated as advanced by government authorities. To qualify as advanced, a unit must have carried out all political movements successfully, successfully put into effect each policy directive, and completely met the quota for its product under the national plan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guò jitiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "in a few days" (literally, "pass a few days")</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qìng nl guò yihuìr zii dālai.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài guò jìge xfngqì, tǎmen jiù yào shSu dāozi le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bāba mima xiān dào le. Yòu guòle yihuìr, dìdi mèimei yí lii le.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Please call back in a while. (In this case, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guò yihuìr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dén. yihuìr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In another few weeks, they are going to harvest the rice.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mother and father arrived first. Then after a while, younger brother and sister came too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhuānj_iā: "specialist, expert" The ending -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jlā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> enters into many words describing people. It has a slightly different meaning from </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-zhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, which you learned in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">uni</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">t. 1. -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is o</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nly</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> added to verbs; -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be added to nouns as well as verbs. -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means simply "a person who...," but -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jia</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used for professionals or specialists in some activity. Thus, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zuòjiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is "professional writer, author," but </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zuòzhS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is just "writer" (not specifying whether writing is the person's career).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The ending -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiǎ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is added to subjects of study, as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhèngzhixuéjiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"political scientist," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JlngJixuéjiǎ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "economist." In the PRC, sone words with the endin< </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-.1iǎ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> carry elitist overtones and are sometimes replaced by other terms. _</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Zhèige dìqǔde nōngyè shēng-chǎn yōu shénme tèdiǎn ma?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wǒmen shìzhe </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zúzhil</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e jige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhuǎnyèhuàd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e gōngshè, tā-mende shēngchǎn bljiío yōu tèdiǎn.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is there anything distinctive about the agricultural production of this region?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We have organized a few specialized communes on a trial basis. Their production set-up is rather distinctive.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōu shénme tèdiǎn ma?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "does...have any distinctive points?" is here translated more idiomatically as "is there anything distinctive about...?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shìzhe zōzhile...: "trying-ly organized..." i.e., "organized on a trial basis”</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni shìzhe nèiyang zuō xíng bu xíng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèishuǎng xié wō shìzhe chuǎn, chuǎnbushàxig.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Try doing it that way and see íf it works.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I tried to put these shoes on, but couldn't get them on.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do not overuse </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shìzhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; there are other more common ways to express English "try." Sometimes the idea of trying is implicit in the verb itself, as in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèipiǎn wénzhǎng wō kànle, I tried to read this article,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kànbuxiàqù. but I couldn't.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō gǎile, tǎ bú yǎo. I tried to give it to him, but</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">he didn't want it (wouldn't take it).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sometimes, "try" can be expressed by reduplicating the verb:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NT chuǎnchuan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō chuǎnle chuǎn, chuǎnbushàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō kǎile kāi, kǎibukǎi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">or by a reduplicated verb plus </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō méi zuōguo jiǎozi, zuòzuo kàn ba.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Try it on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I tried to put it on, but couldn't get it on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I tried to open it, but couldn't get it open.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I've never made </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiǎozi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (dumplings), but I can try.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <h3><a name="bookmark14"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark15"></a>IS</span></h3>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zùzhi:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "to organize; organization</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèipiān wénzhāng zùzhide hèn hlo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōmen zKzhile yíge Kbdngtuán, xiXng dào Ōuzhōu qù wánrwanr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige zùzhi yíjlng yōu wūshiwàn rén le.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thia article is well organized.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We organized a tour group; we want to go on a trip to Europe.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This organization already has </span><span class="font12">500,000 people.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"special line/field/discipline; specialization" in</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhuānyè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">in the PRC for one's "major" subject specialization.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō zài dàxué xuéde zhuānyè shi zhèngzhixué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shùxué zhuānyè zhēn méi yìsi, nl wèishénme hái yào xué ta?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige zhuānyè zài Zhōngguó hèn shāo yōu rén xué.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is used college, or for one's professional</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">My major in college was political science.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Majoring in math is really boring; why do (did) you want to take it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Very few people study thia specialization in China.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhuānyèhuà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "specialized; specialization"</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gōngchāngde zhuānyèhuà yuè lái yuè pūbiàn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhuānyèhuà(de) rémnín gōngshè yōu tāde hāochù.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The specialization of factories is becoming more and more connon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Specialized communes have their advantages.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Nimen gōngshè yōu zhème duō dà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tuōlājí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kg, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">píngjūn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> mèige dàduì èrshi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">taiT</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wōmen hái xiíng duō māi jltái ne!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Your connune has so many large tractors .'</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, every brigade has twenty on the average, and we want to buy a few more!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Ko. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tuōlājl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "tractor" This word may be a sound borrowing from the English word "tractor," but it also makes good sense in Chinese, since the parts mean literally, "drag-pull-machine."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">píngjūn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "average" This can be used as an adjective, an adverb, or a verb:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguō gōngrénde píngjūn The average salary of Chinese</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shōurù bù duō. workers is not much.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Píngjūn yíge rén shi.re Jiāozi How could an average of ten </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiāozi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zènme gòu.' (dumplings) per person be enough!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Píngjūnqilai wSmen mèige rén When you average it out, each of ygu. shíkuāi qián. us has ten dollars.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Literally, ’’platform” (as you learned in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhàntái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "station platform"), this 1* the counter for machines. (The word for "machine," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jIqì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. is number 1U on this reference list.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mèige dèduì èrshitái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "twenty for each brigade" No verb is necessary here. Compare:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yíge rén yíkuài. One piece (e.g., of cake) per person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mèige xTngqí yícì once every week</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WSmen xuéxiìo píngjǔn wùge In our school, there is one teacher</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xuésheng yíge lāoshī. for every five students on the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">average.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">há</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">i xièng dug mH Jitái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "still want to buy a few more" English "more" sometimes contains' the meaning of "still, additionally" (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">), so the word "still” is not absolutely necessary in the English translation for US. Look at other examples of the common pattern </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hái... dug...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">;</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige xiāo nánháizl hái xiáng dug chi yíge píngguB, kèshi tā mama bù gèl!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This little boy (still) wanted to have another apple, but his mother wouldn't give it to him!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WS hái xíwàng dug xué Jlge yuè Zhgngwén.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I would like to study Chinese for another few months.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā hái dèi dug dèng Jitiān cái néng zgu.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He still has to wait another few days before he can leave.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12. A: C6ng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">túpiìns</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hang kàn, nimen gǒngzudde hlo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xfnkù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Méiyou shenme xlnkù, Jiù shi zài xuéxlèo hòùblanr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhdng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">diínr cèi.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">From the picture it looks like you're working very hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not so hard. We're Just planting some vegetables behind the school.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 12</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">túpiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "picture, photograph" This is usually used for photographs, as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tupiàn zhfaHn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "photo exhibition" (but some people use it for any kind of illustration).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xlnkù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be arduous, tiring, hard" (literally, "pungent-bitter")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā báitiān zuò shi, wínshang It's too tiring for her, working niàn shù, tài xínkÙ le. during the daytime and studying</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">at night.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NI zhème xlnkù yìo lèibìngde. You're going to get sick from fatigue by working so hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhèng:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "to plant" or "to grow" things:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèlkuàl dì zhdng shénme y? bu shǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèng liángshi shi nóngmínde shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige shāoshù mínzú zèi shān-shang zhòngle bù shāo qíguàide dōngxi lái chi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You don't harvest anything you plant on this land!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Growing-grain is the business of the peasants.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This minority nationality grows a lot of strange things on the mountain to eat.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">13. zhuānyè</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">special line/field/discipline (See Notes on No. 10)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">14. Jíqì (Jlqi) (yltái) machine</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">While walking along WángfBjìng Boulevard in Béijīng, Ms. Olsen (A), an agricultural specialist iron the United States, and Chén Guōqiéng (B), from the China Travel Service, stop to look at the photos and articles displayed in the building of the </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Peopled Daily</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. They are looking at an article about a model connsune, SÌJÌqlng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèige dìfang shì bu shi wōmen yào qù cánguānde?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì. Guò liǎngtiān wōmen jiù qù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō kàn, zhèige rénmín gōngshè hǎoxiàng yōu yìdiǎnr tèbié ma, tā-mende shěngchǎn zhùyào shi shūcài hé shulguō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nl shuōde yìdiǎnr yé bú cuò, zhèi Jiù shi yōu míngde SÌJÌqlng Rénmín Gōngshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: "SÌJÌqlng"?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì le, "yìnián sìjì"de "sìjì,"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"qlng shin là shuì"de "qlng". Nín zài Béijìng Fàndiàn chide cài dàbùfen dōu shi tamen shēngchǎnde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is this one of the places we're going to visit?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. We'll be going in a couple of days.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It looks to me as if this people's commune is rather special. Their production is mainly vegetables and fruits.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You're absolutely right. This is the famous SÌJÌqlng People's Cossnune.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"SÌJÌqlng?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. "SÌJÌ" C"Four Seasons"! as in "yinián sìjì" C"throughout the four seasons of the year," and "qlng" C"green"! as in "qlng shān là shul" C"green hills and green water"!. Most of the food you eat at the Béi-Jīng Hotel is produced by them.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ou!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tǎmen gōngshè yōu sìwànduō m3 t3dì, dàbùfen dōu shi càidì.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Càidìde miànji zhàn báifēnzhī</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duoshlo? Zhèr yōu méiyou xiézhe?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhèr xiǎzhe ne. Càidì zhàn liǎngwàn liǎngqiǎn m3, yíbànr duō yidiǎnr.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Name, hái yōu yíwàn bāqiān m3 ne? Zhòngde dōu shi shénme?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tǎmen shuǒ yòng yíwàn mǔ dì zhòng liángshi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Their commune has over four hundred </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> of land. Most of it is vegetable plots.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What percentage do the vegetable plots take up? Is it written here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, it is. The vegetable plots take up 22,000 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, a little more than half.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">And what about the other 18,000 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu? </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What do they grow there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They say they use 10,000 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> to plant grain.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: fig. ZhiJyào shěngchin shénme Hings hi?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Dàozi, yōu míngde Jīngxìdào! Bin lii zhèr yìhòu, tiíntiin chí!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Aha! Yuánlái ’’Jīngxìdào’* shi Sì-Jìqīng shēngchinde. Tīngshuō chín-liàng hān gio ou! Muchin yōu yì-qiinduō Jin ba?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yōu, milch in zing zài yìqiin yì-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qiin yìbii Jin zuōyōu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ng, zhēnde bú cuò. Nà lìngwài</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">biqiin mil dōu shi shuīguō?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi. Tāmen gōngshède shuīguō chinliàng yā hān gio.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō hii yōu yíge wèntí, quin gongshè yōu duōshio rénkōu, yōu duōshio liodònglì?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yōu yíwàn ling bffbliduō hù, sì-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wàn sinqiinduō kōu rén, liingwàn liingqiinduō liodònglì, píngjǔn māige liodònglì dāi guīn liingmìl dì na!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yíge ren gain liingmìl dì hān xīnkù ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhǒng cài, shōu cài, xiànzài hii</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mil bànfa kào Jíqì, quin dāi kào shōu, zānme bù xlnkil ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ml kàn, túpiànshang yōu bù shio tuōlijī, timende Jīxièhuà shuīpíng xiingding gio ma.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhèige gōngshè xiingding xiinjìn, yōu yìbii bishi liàng qìchē, dà xilo tuōlijī sinbii qīshiduō til, kāshi zhèixiē qìchě zhúyàode gong-zuò shi bi cài sèng dao chéngli qu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ng, wō dōng le, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Juéde zhèige gōngshè hān yōu tèdiǎn, nī zài duō tintan, hāo bu hāo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What grain do they niy produce?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rice, the famous Capital-West rice. You’ve been eating it every day since you came here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! So Sìjìqīng produces Capital-West rice. I hear that the yield is very high! The per-mu yield is over one thousand catties, isn’t it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. The per-mu yield is always approximately 1,100 catties.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, that's really quite good. So then are the remaining 8,000 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu all </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fruits?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. Their commune has a very high fruit yield, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I have one more question. What's the population of the whole coonsune, and how many laborers are there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There are 10,800 households, over U3,000 people, and over 22,000 laborers. On the average, every laborer has to take care of two mu of land!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is it very hard work for one person to take care of two </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At present they still don't have the means to adopt machines. Planting and harvesting have to be done entirely by hand. It's hard work all right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But look, in these pictures there are lots of tractors. Their level of mechanization is pretty high!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This commune is quite advanced. They have 180 automobiles, and over 370 tractors. But the main Job of these vehicles is to take the vegetables into the city.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, I see. This seems to be a very distinctive commune. Could you tell me more about it?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hlo a! Zhèige gōngshède mēige shēngchàn dàduì dǒu yǒu zìjīde shēngchàn shǒngdiàn—shēngchàn dàduì nl dǒng bu dǒng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wǒ zhidao shēngchàn dàduì, shēng-chànduì, shenmede.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nà hào, vǒmen guàn tàmen zhèi-zhǒng zúzhi shēngchànde bànfà Jiào zhuānyèhuà shēngchMn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: À! Mēige shēngchàn dàduì dǒu yǒu zìjīde zhuinyè. Hàojíle. Zhèi duì fāzhàn shēngchàn yídìng yǒu hēn dàde hàochu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi ma! Shēngchàn fāzhànle, rēn-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mínde shēnghuǒ shulpíng cái néng tígào aa!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nàme, zhèizhSng zhuānyèhuà shēng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chàn zài quánguǒ shi bu shi hēn pffbiàn ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú shi, quánguǒ dàbùfen gongshè zhúyào háishi shēngchàn liángshi, zài dà chéngshide Jin Jiāoqū cái yǒu xiàng Sìjìqìng zhèiyangrde gǒngshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yǒu Jíhui, vǒ hái xiàng qù cān-guàn yiliàngge pùtōngde gǒngshè. Hái yǒu píngyuán hi shāndide nǒng-yè shēngchàn qíngkuàng dàgài yē yǒu hēn duo bù tǒng, rúguǒ yǒu Jl-hui, vǒ hēn xiàng qù liàojiē yíxià tǎmende qǔbié.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hàode. ZuìJin Jīnián Zhǒngguǒ nóngyè Jiànshè fizhànde hēn kuàl. Nín shi zhuànjii, nínde yìjian duì vǒoende gǑngzud yídìng yǒu hēn dàde bāngzhu, vǒ yídìng duǒ gēi nín an-pai Jlge dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bú bì kèqi, nín ānpaihàole, qīng zào yidiànr gàosu vo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Every production brigade of the commune has its ovn production priority-do you understand "production brigade?"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I knov about productions brigades, production teams, and so forth.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, veil ve call this method of organizing production of theirs specialized production.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! Each production brigade has its ovn specialty. Great. This must be of great help in expanding production.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure! The people's standard of living can only be raised vhen produetion expands.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So is this kind of specialized production very conuon throughout the whole country?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, most of the communes in the coúntry still mainly produce grain. It's only in the close suburbs of big cities that one finds conmunes like Sìjìqìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If I get the chance, I'd also like to visit one or tvo ordinary communes. Also, farming production is probably very different on the plains from that in mountainous regions. If it's possible, I'd like very much to go look into the differences.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right. In the past few years, China's agricultural construction has been moving rapidly ahead. As an expert, your opinions can help us a great deal in our vork. I'll be sure to arrange a few more visits for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You needn't be polite. Please let me knov soon after you've made the arrangements.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this exercise, an American is looking over the selection in front of a vegetable stall in Dōngdān market in Beijing and strikes up a conversation with the salesperson.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The conversation occurs only once, you’ll probably want to rewind the tape as you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qíngjiāo běndi chū jú ge lìzi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">si Jì yìnián sìjì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chūnjì qiǔjì si JÌ cháng là z3ng miànji</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After listening to it completely, and answer the questions below</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">you will need to understand, this</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">green pepper</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">this locality</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to produce</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to give an example</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">four seasons</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">in all four seasons of the year, all year round</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">spring season</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fall season</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">green all year round</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">total area</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Where are green peppers grown?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. What is the main product of most people’s conmunes?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. How does the salesperson explain the components of the word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">SÌJÌoIngt</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. How much of SÌJÌqlng's total area is planted to vegetables?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, an American who is examining several varieties of rice in the Biijīng Agricultural Exhibition Center talks with a worker.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation once straight t-H-mugh. Then* on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">plnzhíng Qi ānjIndio míngcí Ching Jiing Jiíngnin</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nóngyèqǔ in ping Suing Hi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Question</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">for</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ex</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tcise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What is the chief characteristic of Capital-West Rice?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">variety</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thousand-Catty Rice</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">term* expression</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Yangtze River</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the area south of the lower reaches</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">of the Ching Jiang (Yangtze River)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">farming region</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shore, bank, coast</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be flat* to be level</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Yellow River</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. How are conditions in the Jiǎngnin region suitable for the devel-opnexxt of agriculture?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. Hov does the yield of Thousand-Catty Rice compare with the average yield for grains?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. Describe the production brigade in Shǎnxī that the American heard about.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This conversation takes place during a visit by an American farm owner to the apple orchard of NánkSu Farm in Biijīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">níngchlng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">farm</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nóngmín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">peasant</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gǒngren</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">worker</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìnián bl yiniin duo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">more and more every year</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">píngjǔnshù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">an average number, a mean</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiànjln</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cash</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cúnkuXn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">savings</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàibiíotuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">delegation</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What is the first question the American asks the worker?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Who runs Ninkíu Farm?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What are the differences between peasants and agricultural workers?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1». How </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">haw</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> the income of peasants changed? What is the major cause of the change?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">J.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> What is the American's comment about the success of China's efforts to modernize agriculture?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. (Extra) Pretend that you are going to visit a farm around Blijīng. <sub>a</sub> Hat of questions you would like to ask the workers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you hare answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thia dialogue takes place in front of a vegetable stall in Dōngdān market in BUjIng. An American customer (A) is looking over the selection.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here he talks with the salesperson.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ài, zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qíngjiāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hlo dà a! IS hèn xīnxian, shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bèndì chūd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e ba?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wow! These green peppers are so big! They're very fresh, too. They must be local produce, aren't they?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shi cōng Jiioqū láide.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They come from the suburbs.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Béijlng Jiāoqūde rénmín gōngshè dōu zhōng shūcài ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do all the people's communes in the suburbs of BèiJIng grow vegetables?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànzàide rénmín gōngshè zhūyào háishi zhōng liángshi, Jiāoqūde gōngshè yōu xie dàduì zhōng shūcài, dāngrán yō yōu zhuānyèhuàde gōngshè.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">These days most people's communes still mainly produce grain. In communes in the suburbs, some brigades grow vegetables, and, of course, there are also specialized conasunM.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhuānyèhuà shi shénme yìsi?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What does specialized mean?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zènme shuō ne? Wō shìzhe </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jú ge lìzi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ba.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How should I explain it? I'll try and give you an example.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ftg, nl shuō shuo kan.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, go ahead.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bìfang shuǒ SÌJÌqlng zhèige gong- For instance, the commune SÌJÌqlng. shè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: "SÌJÌqlng” shi shénme yìsi?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What does "SÌJÌqlng” mean?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ng, "yī èr sān sì"de "si," "</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chūn-Jì, qiūjì"</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de "Jì," "qlng" Jiù shi "īa"de yìsi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Si</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> C"four"] as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yi èr sān si </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C"one two three four"]. Jì C"season"] as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chūnjì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiūjì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> C"spring season, fall season"]. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Qlng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "green."</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: À! Nà shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">si Jì cháng 15.de</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yìsi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! So it means "green all year round."</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì le, Jiù shi yīnvei nèige gōngshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìnián sìjì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōu shi lade, wōmen cái guln ta Jiào SÌJÌqlng. Nà shi ge xiānjìnde gōngshè. Tā-men Jiù zhōng cài!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Jiù zhōng cài?.' À! Duì le, duì le, suōyl guln zhèige gōngshè Jiào zhuānyèhuà gōngshè.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ou, wō shuōde "jiù zhong cài" bú shi shuō bāifēnzhī bāi a! Jiù shi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. It's precisely because the cojanune is green all year round that we call it SÌJÌqlng. It's an advanced commune. They grow only vegetables.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Only vegetables? Oh! Of course. That's why they call it a specialized commune.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, when I said "only vegetables,” I didn't mean one hundred percent! I</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ahu3, càidìde miànji hén di, zhàn gongshi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">z8ng miànjid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e bàifēnzhf ql-bǎshí!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Suóyi zhèige xiànjìn gdngshè zhūyàode shēngchàn shi shǔcài!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì le, yìdiànr d5u bú cud! Zhèige dà qlngjiào jiù shi cóng nàr láide. DuS mài jlge ba!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hào, w8 mài yìjln.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mean that the area of their vegetable plots is very large. They make up seventy or eighty percent of the commune's total area!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So the main product of this commune is vegetables!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right, absolutely correct. These big green peppers are from there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Buy a bunch of them!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, I’ll take one catty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the Bàijlng Agricultural Exhibition Center, an American (A) is examining several varieties of rice. He talks vith a worker from the Center (2).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nlmende dàozi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">plnzhàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> h?n duo ma!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Plnzhàng shi bù shào, chànliàng bijiào gàode shi zhèi shíjízhSng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tàmende chànliàng zài zhèr ySu méiyou xiàzheT</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xiàzhe ne! Nín xiànzài kàndaode shi Jīngxldào, múchàn yìqiǎn yìbài jin zuSydu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò, zhè jiù shi Q<ǎn.1 Indàode yìzhSng le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: dg. Jlngxldàode tèdiàn jiù shi hào chi. "Qiinjīndào" zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">míng-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cí zuì zào shi zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiingnén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yd ng, xīknzài Jiàngnín dàozi chànliàng hái shi bijiào gio yixLe.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì, Jiàngnén duSbànr shi píng-yuán, méiyou shénme shàndì, shui ydu fàngbian, nóngyè shengchàn fāzhànqilai bijiào ydu tiéojiàn.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiù shi ma.' Sudyl Jiāngr.án yìzhí shi w8 guó zhdngyàode </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nóngyèqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You have so many varieties of rice!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, there are a lot of varieties. The ones with the highest yields are these ten or so here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are their yields written down here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. What you're looking at now is Capital-West Rice. It has a per-mu yield of approximately 1,100 catties.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, this is one kind of Thousand-Catty Rice.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm. Capital-West Rice is distinguished for being good to eat. The term Thousand-Catty Rice was first used in Jiàngnln Cthe area south of the lover reaches of the Yangtze River!. Today the yield of rice in that area is still comparatively high.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of course. Jiāngnén is mostly flatlands . There are hardly any hills. Water is convenient, too. The conditions are better for the development of agriculture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Exactly! That's why Jiāngnén has always been an important agricultural region of our country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Búguò, wō xiāng xiànzài Huǎng He lilac ànda nōngyè shēngchln qíngkuàng ye "bú cud le. Tlngshuó, xiànzài liíngshi méimù píngjūn chXnliàng dōu zài sì-vùbXijīn zuōydu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chàbuduō shi zhèiyang. Wō xiXng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài gud J Iniin qíngkuàng huì gèng hXo yixiě.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shíduōniǎn qiǎn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> tlngshuōguo</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shanxi yíge shēngchXn dàduì net chàbuduō quǎn shi shāndì, méiyou jīmú dì shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">píngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e, kāshi tāmen mèiniǎn y? mai g?i guójiā bù shXo de liíngshi ne!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xiànzài, zhèiyangde dàduì, gōng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shè bù shXo le. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ching. Jiang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Jiāngnǎn, Huǎng Hé shang xia nXr dōu yōu a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ng, bú cuò bú cud, Zhǒngguóde nōngyè dà yōu xīwàng!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But I think that now agricultural production is quite good on both sides of the Yellow River. I hear that the average per-mu yield of grain is now around four or five hundred catties.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s about the way it is. And I think -that in another few years the situation will be even better.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ten or so years ago I heard about a production brigade in Shǎnxī that was almost all on hilly land. There were only a few </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> of flat land, but they still sold a lot of grain to the state every year!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">These days, there are a lot of brigades and communes like that. They’re everywhere—the Yangtze River, Jiāngnǎn, and the Yellow River area.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, great, great. China's agriculture has a great future!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American farm owner (A) is visiting BéijIng's Nǎnkōu Farm. In the apple orchard, he talks with a responsible person from the farm (C).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Wōmende píngguō zènmeyàng? Hǎi How are our apples? Not too bad,</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kéyi chī ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: í?g, zhěn bú cud, hān tiǎn, hèn hXo chi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Lǎi, zài chī yige!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò, bù néng zài chī le, wǒmen Jiù liǎoliao tiǎnr ba!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Hlo a! Nī xiXng liǎo shenme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nimen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngchǎngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e zúzhi hé rénmín gōngshè yōu hān dàde qubié ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Yōu. NŌngchXng shi guojiā bànde. Zài nōngchǎng gōngzuòde rén bú shi pútōngde nóngmín, shi nōngyè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōng-ren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">are they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, they're really good. Very sweet. Delicious.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here, have another!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, I can't eat any more. Let's just chat!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure! What would you like to talk about?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is there a big difference between the organization of your farm and that of a commune?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. The farm is run by the state. The people who work on the farm aren't ordinary peasants, they're agricultural workers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò. Nàae nōngyè gōngren shi ná zhèngftt gōngzīde. Tinen hé </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōng-mín</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hi! yōu shénme bù yíyàngde meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Méiyou shenme. TSmende gōngzuō shi yíyàngde, dōu shi gio nōngyè shéngchln.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nōngyè gōngrende shōurù bí nōng-mín duō ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Bù yídìng. Xiànzài yōu zìyōu ahichkng, yìbSnde nōngmínde shōurù dōu bí yíqián duōduō le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: LÍ wōmen nōngchàng bù yuinde dì-fangr yōu yige gōngshè, yíqián, Jì-xièhuà shuīpíng yé bù gio, dàjià xínxīnkùkū gōngzuōle yìnián, gōngshè shōurù bù duō, Jiáli fēnde yí bù duō, shēnghuō zhēn bù rōngyi. Kèshi xiànzài yōule zìyōu shìching tamende qíngkuàng hioduō le, chúle zhōng liángshi yíwài, tamen y? yōule shūcài, shuīguō, shenmede, shōurù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìnián bl yìnián duō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Name xiànzài píngjūn méige láo-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dōnglì yìnián kéyi yōu duōshlo xiànjìn shōurù?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> PÍngjūnshù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wō bú tài zhīdao. WŌ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rènshi yìjlā rén, Jlili yōu dàren xiíoháizi qī-bikōu, yŌu sìge bin láodōnglì. Cōngqián niánnián méiyou shénme xíìnlìn shōurù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zènme huì méiyou xiànjīn shōurù ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Yìnián Jiù néng fēn diinr liáng-shi, nir hái yōu shénme xiànjín a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, so agricultural workers are on government salary.. Are they different in any other ways from peasants?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not really. Their work is the same. They’re both in agricultural production.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Agricultural workers have higher incomes than peasants, don't they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not necessarily. Now, with free markets, most peasants have a much higher income than before.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is that so?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not far from our farm there's a commune. In the past, their level of mechanization wasn't high. After everybody had toiled for a whole year, the commune didn't have much income, so each family's allotment wasn't much either. Life was really hard. But now, with free markets, their situation is much better. Besides growing grain, they now also have vegetables, fruits, and so on. Their income is more and more every year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So how much cash income can a laborer earn per year?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don't really know the average figure. I know one family with seven or eight adults and children, and four and a half laborers. It used to be that every year they didn't have any cash income.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How could it be that they didn't have any cash income?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In one year they could only get their little allotment of grain. How could they get any cash!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How about now?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Qùnián tǎmen Jiǎ fSnle bǎ-Jiùbài-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kuài qián, hái yǒu yíge háizi shàngle dàxué. NĪ kàn zànmeyàng a?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ng, shi hàodeduǒ le, kàshi vèi-shenme gàibiàn zhème dà ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Zhèi Jiù shi xiànzài zhèngfúde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">jingji zhèngcè hào a! Jingji zhèngcè gàibiànle, nǒngcūnde shēng-huǒ Jiu hào la! Xiànzài, nèige gǒngshè yǒu yíbàn duo yidiànrde hùr zài yfnhéngli yǒu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cúnkuàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Nl kàn, nà bú shi hàodeduǒ le ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nín shuō xiàng nèige gongshè nèi-yangde qíngxing zài quánguǒ shi bu shi hén pttbiàn ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Hèn pùbiàn... .Nimen zhèige nǒng-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yè zhuǎnjiǎ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàibiàotuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zǒule nàme duǑ difang, kànle nàme duō nǒng-chàng, gǒngshè, nín Juéde zànme-yàng ne?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wǒmen xiàng zhèijlnián Zhǒngguō nǒngyède xiàndàihuà shi gàode bú cuò.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi ma! WS gǎngcái shuōde nèige gǒngshè yà màile bù shào tuōlǎjī le. Tīngshuō xiànzài rnàige dàduì shívú-tái, tǎmen shuō tǎmen hái xiàng duō mài Jītái na!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hào a! Hào a!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">C: Duì le, wǒmen nǒngchàng dà ménkǒu yǒu hào duō túpiàn, llbian yà yǒu nèige gǒngshède, vǒ dài nīmen kànkan qu!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hào! Zǒu!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Last year their allotment was eight or nine hundred dollars, and one of their children started college. What do you think of that?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, that </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">is</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> much better. But vhy has the change been so great?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s because nov the economic policy of the government is good. Since the economic policy changed, life in rural areas has been good. In that commune nov a little over half of the households have bank savings. See, isn't that much better?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Would you say that that commune's situation is very common throughout the country?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, it's very connon....Nov that your delegation of agricultural specialists has been to so many places and seen so many farms and communes, what are your opinions?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We think that in the past fev years, the modernization of China's agriculture has come along very veil.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You bet! That commune that I Just mentioned has bought a lot of tractors. I hear that each brigade nov has fifteen tractors, and they vent to buy even more!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Great, great!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh—at the front gate of our farm, there are a lot of pictures, including some of that commune. I'll take you to see them!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay! Let's go!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wànll</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-6.png" alt="" style="width:87pt;height:25pt;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhěn y8u ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chángchéng JīngguSle hloJige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shEng,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yígòng y8u yíwàn èrqiīn 11 chúng.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is the Great Wall of Ten Thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Li </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">really ten thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> long?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Great Wall goes through many provinces and is altogether twelve thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> long.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Tlngahuō. Wànll Chángchéng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiūg</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">uo hàojlcì le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi, c6ng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Qíncháo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dào xiànzài yìzhí zài xiū.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bādállngs</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hangde Chángchéng hloxiang bú shi Qíncháo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiànzhùd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: 5g, ni shuōde duì, shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ming-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chío </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chōngxln</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> jiànzhùde.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">4. A: Zài lìshlshang y8u zhème duō cì yòng BliJIng zuò </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shSudǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Na shi ylnwei </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìxíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hào.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: ZhèizhSng dìxíng bījilo rōngyi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fíngbèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> blifing líide </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qlnlúè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Nimen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōulàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jìhuàll y8u méiyou </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ShTsinlíng?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 zhldao nimen Jiànzhù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">aōngxuBzhl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> duì Shísānlíngde dìxià </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngdiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hln y8u xìngqu, w8men hōutiǎn qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve heard that the Great Wall has been repaired a great many times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, from the Qin Dynasty up until now, there have been repairs all along.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It seems to me that the Great Wall at Bādállng wasn't built during the Qin Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, you're right. It was rebuilt .from scratch during the Ming Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Throughout history Bíijīng has been used as a capital so many times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's because the terrain is good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This kind of terrain makes it easier to guard against invasion from the north.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Does your sightseeing plan include the Thirteen Tombs?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I know that all of you in architecture and structural engineering are very interested in the underground palaces at the Thirteen Tombs. We'll go the day after tomorrow.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Chúle </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gfldài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Zhōngguō Jiànzhù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìahu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yiwài. nimen hái xiXng qù kàn shénme?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: TIngshuS yōu Jīge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiàotáng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">y? kii men le. Wōmen xiang qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Wō yào dào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tiān'ānmén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> qù kànkan. Zuò Jllù gōnggòng qìchě hXo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xīngqitiān qìchě kě jì le. Nl zuì hio zōuzhe qu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Wō hěn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xìnshing</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nimen Jiěfàng ylh8u</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">~gàid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e Shi Dà Jiànzhù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín tài kèqi le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Wōmen yljing </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Juédìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> chile fàn yīháu qu mil dōngxi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Háo. Cōng zhèr chuǎn^uB </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guXngchXng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> jiù yōu shāng-diàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yìtiān kàndewán kanbuwán?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yìtiǎn nXr kàndewán!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12. A: Shéi qùguo Zhōngguō, shéi jiù huì xiíngzhe ta.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">13. cháodài</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What would you like to go see in addition to ancient Chinese architectural art?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I've heard that there are also some churches which have opened. We would like to go see them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I want to go see the Gate of Heavenly Peace. What bus should I take?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's Sunday and buses are really crowded. It would be best to walk.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I really admire the Ten Great Structures you've built since liberation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You're too polite.<a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark16">1</a></sup></span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We've already decided that after we eat we're going shopping.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, from here cross through the square and there are some stores.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Can you see all of the Imperial Palace in one day?!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How could you see it all in one day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Whoever goes to China will always think of it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dynasty</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11». </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">The Major Chinese Dynasties</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qlng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">16UU-1911</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Suí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">581-618</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ming</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1368-16UU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">206 B.C.-A.D. 220</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1271-1368</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">221 B.C.-207 B.C.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1115-123U</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">c. 11th century-256 B.C.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Liío</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">916-1125</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">c. 16th-llth century B.C.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Song</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">960-1297</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">c. 21st-16th century B.C.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">618-907</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">BādílTng (BÍdàllng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(mountain northwest of Bíijlng, site of a famous section of the Great Wall)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-chío cháodài chángxln chuānguò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dynasty (bound form) dynasty</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">again, anew, afresh to pass, to cross</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dìxíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">topography, terrain</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fíngbèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to take precautions against</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gìi go ng di àn gōngzuòzh? gulngchàng gǔdài Gùgǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to build (buildings); to cover palace</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">worker</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(public) square</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ancient times, antiquity Former Imperial Palace</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">JI</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiànzhù (-zhú, -zhu)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiàotáng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Juédìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be crowded</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to build, to construct; structure church, cathedral</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to decide</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">k?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">indeed, certainly</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-11</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. a unit of length (1/2 km.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">MÍngcháo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(name of a dynasty, 1368-16UU)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Suzhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Europe</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qlánmen Qíncháo qlnlūè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a gate in Bíijīng)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(name of a dynasty, 221-207 B.C.) to invade; aggression</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shèng Shísānlíng shSudū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">province</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Thirteen Tombs (Ming Tombs) capital</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tiān’ānmén</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tian Tin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Gate of Heavenly Peace the Temple of Heaven</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wànll Chángchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Great Wall of Ten Thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Li</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xlnshàng xiū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to appreciate/enjoy/admire</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to build, to construct (roads, reservoirs, etc.); to repair; to trim, prune</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yíhéyuán (YÌ-) yìshu yóulàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Summer Palace (in Blijīng) art</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to sightsee, to tour, to visit</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wànll Chá</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ngeháng zhēn y3u</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yívàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">11</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> cháng ma?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chángchēng jīngguòle hǎojīge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shěng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yígòng yBu yívàn èrqiān 11 cháng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is the Great Wall of Ten Thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Li </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">really ten thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> long?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Great Wall goes through many provinces and is altogether twelve thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> long.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">11</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: A Chinese unit of length, equal to one-half kilometer. Lí. is often used to measure the noun </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ("road," but here meaning simply "walking or riding distance"):</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">CBng nl jiǎ dào xuēxiào yBu How many </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">11</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is it from your house</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">jīlī lù? to the school?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The unit of distance </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">11</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often used in rural areas, but rarely in the city.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wànll Chángchēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: You learned </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Chángchēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "the Great Wall," in the Meeting module. The descriptive term </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wànll Chángchēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> comes from the fact that the wall is over twelve thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">11</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in total length (approximately 6,700 kilometers).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yBu yívàn 11 cháng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "is ten thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> long" Use the verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yBu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (not </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) in sentences telling or asking length, height, area, time, age, etc. In such sentences, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">y3u</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> has the special meaning "to attain, to come up to (a certain level)."</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">CBng zhèr dào ■ huBchēzhàn !</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yBu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duB yuǎn?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"How far is it from here to the train station?"</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ChàbuduB !</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yBu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìlī 1Ù.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"It’s about one 11."</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nīde háizi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yBu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duB dà?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"How old is your child?"</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">f yBu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sǎnsui duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"He is over three years old."</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: yBu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duB gāo?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"How tall are you?"</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: yBu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìmī bǎ.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"I’m one meter eighty (cm)."</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shànghǎide dōngtiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">! zhī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: yBu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">liǎngge yuè.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"Winter in Shànghǎi is only two months (long)."</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The negative of such sentences uses </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mēiyBu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Dào huBchēzhàn zhēn yBu vull lù ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: MēiyBu wùlí, hen Jin.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ méiyBu vùshlsuì, tā cái sìshijí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is it really five </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">11</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> to the train station?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, it isn’t. It’s very close.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He isn’t (as old as) fifty years old; he’s only forty-something.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jingguále hǎojìge shèng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: goes through many provinces’* This sentence illustrates vail that completion </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is completely different from English past tense. Eves with completion -le, the verb still means "goes thron</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">g^</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> <sub>1</sub> <sup>w </sup>not "vent through." The completion of an event in the past can result in a present state (for example, the Great Wall was built in the past and is still standing), and so -le must sometimes be translated into English with the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">present tense. Other examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 xiànzài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dSngle</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ta vèishénme méi gēn tǎ jiéhūn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W<5 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dǎile</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yǎnjìng, nī dou bú rènshi w8 le, shì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèibēn shǔ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jièshàole</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Mèiguóde zhèngzhi qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nov I </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">understand</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> why he didn’t marry her.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You don’t recognize me with glasses on, eh? (I </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">am wearing </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">glasses.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This book </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">introduces</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> the American political situation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "province" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> takes the counter -ge. or is sometimes used without a counter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhǔngguó yfgdng yǔu èrshièrge shēng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China has twenty-two provinces altogether.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Tīngshuǒ Wànll Chǎngchéng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiǔg</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">uo hǎojicì le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì, cúng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Qínchǎ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">o dào xiànzài yìzhi zài xiū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve heard that the Great Wall has been repaired a great many times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, from the Qin Dynasty up until now, there have been repairs all along.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiǔ:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "to repair" roads, structures, cars, radios, shoes, etc. Also, "to trim" hair, fingernails, or "to prune" trees, shrubbery, etc. Also, "to build, to construct" reservoirs, railroads, roads, irrigation ditches, etc.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiǔguo hlo jìcì le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "has been repaired a great many times" The </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-le </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">at the end of the sentence adds on the meaning "so far." Here are other examples of the pattern . . . </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-guo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> . . . -le:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige dilaying tǎ kànguo liǎng- He has seen this movie tvice, and cì le, hǎi bù zhīdào zènme hui he still doesn’t know what it’s shì. all about.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ kǎoguo liǎngcì le, dou bù He has taken the exam tvice, but xíng. didn’t make it either time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Qínchǎo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the Qin Dynasty" (221-207 B.C.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">^ìzhí<sub>B</sub>_*ài<sub>J</sub>jiū: Literally, "all-along in-process-of repair," i.e., "it has been being repaired all along.”</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bādálīngshangde Chángchéng hloxiang bú shi Qíncháo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiànzhùd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: jìg, ni shuode duì, shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Míng-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cháo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chúngrìn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> jiànzhùde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It seems to me that Cthe section of! the Great Wall at Bādálīng wasn’t built during the Qin Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, you’re right. It was rebuilt from scratch during the Míng Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bādálīng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: A mountain seventy-five kilometers northwest of Béijīng, over which passes a section of the Great Wall dating from the Ming Dynasty (1368-16UU). This is the usual spot to which tourists are taken to see the Great Wall. (Some people pronounce this with different tones: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bádàltng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hāoxiang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to seem," but here meaning "it seems to me," as in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 hǎoxiàng zài nǎr Jiànguo It seems to me I’ve seen this man</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhèige rén. somewhere before.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni hǎoxiàng gàosuguo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">vS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zhèi- It seems to me you’ve told me jiàn shi. this before.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiànzhù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: As a verb, "to build, to construct":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige dàlóu shi néinián When was this building constructed?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiànzhùde?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As a noun, "a structure" or "architecture":</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi shi Qíncháode jiànzhù.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ shi xué jiànzhùde. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chóngadn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "again, afresh, anew" Zhèixli pánziwàn xlde bù gǎnjing, qing ni chéngxīn xi yícì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a structure from the Qin Dynasty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He studied architecture.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">These dishes were not washed clean; please wash them again.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Chéngxīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often followed by </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "again":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZuBde bù hāode huà, chéngxīn zài If (we) don’t do it well, we’ll do zu8. it all over again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">h. A: Zài lìshlshang yǒu zhème duō Throughout history Beijing has been cì yòng Bíijlng zuō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shSudū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. used as a capital so many times.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nà shi yīnwei </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìxíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hào. That’s because the terrain is good.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài lìshlshang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "in history, down through history” Chinese often uses -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "on,” where English would use ”in," especially for the meaning "in such-and-such a field or area”: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài jíngjishang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "in economy, economically"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài xuéxíshang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "in (one’s) studies”; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài shěngchànshang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ”in production”; and, of course, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bàozhishang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ”in the newspaper,” etc.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yòng■..zuò...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ”to use... as...”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā yòng tǎmen jiāde kètíng He uses their living room as</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zuò bàngōngshì. an office.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Zhèizhǒng dìxíng bijiào This kind of terrain makes it easier</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rōngyi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fángbèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> běifǎng to guard against invasion from</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">láide </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qínlflè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. the north.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qínluè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: As a verb, ”to invade”:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sūlián wèishénme qinluè Āfùhàn? Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As a noun, ”invasion" or "aggression”:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WSmen bìxū fángbèi Sǔliánde We must guard against Soviet</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qinluè. aggression.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">beifang láide</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "coming </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">from</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> the north” The word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ’’from," is often omitted from phrases such as the following:</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nèige xuéxiàode Zhǒngguo xuésheng dǒu shi Táiwān láide ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú shi, y? yǒu dàlù láide.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Cong Shànghii qù Xīběi zhùde rén hen duo, Bàijlng qùde yé yǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rén shi hǒuzi biànde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are the Chinese students in that school all </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">from</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Taiwan?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, there are also some </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">from</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> the mainland.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There are many people who have gone to live in the Northwest from Shànghài, and there are also some who have gone there </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">from</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Bàijlng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Man came ("changed") </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">from</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> the monkey</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Nīmen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōulàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jìhuàlī yōu meiyou </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shísānlíng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō zhīdao nīmen Jiànzhù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuòzhě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> duì Shísānlíngde dìxiì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngdiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hěn yōu xìngqu, wōmen hòutiān qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōulān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ’’to sightsee,” ”to tour"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dào Běijīngde wàiguo rén dōu xiāng qù Shísānlíng yōulān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dào Changchéng qùde yóulānchē měitiān sìbān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Does your sightseeing plan include the Thirteen Tombs?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I know that all of you in architecture and structural engineering are very interested in the underground palaces at the Thirteen Tombs. We’ll go the day after tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Foreigners who go to Beijing all want to go to the Thirteen Tombs to sightsee.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There are four tour buses to the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Great Wall every day.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shísānlíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "the Thirteen Tombs,” also called "the Ming Tombs," because they date from the Ming Dynasty. These are located outside of Běijīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuòzhě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "worker" in a particular field, e.g., </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiàoyu gōngzuòzhě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "educational worker," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xīnwén gōngzuòzhě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Journalist," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yǔyán gōngzuòzhě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "language worker." Such terms are PRC usage, sometimes created to replace titles with elitist connotations.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do not confuse this with the general term for "worker," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, which will be introduced in Unit 6.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Chúle </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gǔdài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Zhōngguō Jiànzhù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìshu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yīwài, nīmen hái xiāng qù kàn shénme?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B; Tīngshuǒ yōu Jīge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiàotáng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">you kāi mén le, wōmen xiāng qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gǔdài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "ancient," the opposite mainly in compound words:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Běijīng shi yíge gǔchéng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gǔrén yōu yíjù huà, "Jiāozhě bì bài."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài gǔshíhòu zhèige guōjiāde wénhuà yījīng hěn fāda le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gǔdài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is also used as a noun meaning</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What would you like to go see in addition to ancient Chinese architectural art?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve heard that there are some churches which have reopened. We would like to go see them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiàndài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Gǔ-, "ancient," is used</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Běijīng is an ancient city.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The ancients had a saying, "Pride goeth before the fall."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This country’s culture was already well developed in ancient times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"ancient times, antiquity."</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark17"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark18"></a>/D!</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìshu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "art," me</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">an</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">in</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">g</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> either "the arts" or "skill" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yìshujiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is an "artist."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WS tīngshuō nī zài zhèr xuē yìshu, nī shi xué xiàndài yìshu háishi gǔdài yìshu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiāo shū shi yìzhōng yìshu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiàotáng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "church," literally,</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understand you study art here; do you study modern art or ancient art?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Teaching is an art.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">religion-hall"</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: W8 yào dào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tiān’ārunén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> qù I want to go see the Gate of Heavenly</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kànkan. Zuò jīlù gōnggòng Peace. What hus should I take? qìchē hào?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xīngqītiān qìchē </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kě Jī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le. It’s Sunday and buses are really Nī zuì hào zōuzhe qù. crowded. It would he best to walk.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kē</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Notice that </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kē,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "indeed, certainly, really," is often accompanied by </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> at the end of the sentence:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō xiànzài zài kàn tā zuì xīnde I'm reading his latest book nov. shū, k? yōu yìsi le. It's really interesting.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Wō hēn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xīnshāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nīmen Jiēfàng I really admire the Ten Great Struc-yīhòu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">~gàid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e Shi Dà Jiànzhù. tures you’ve built since liberation.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín tài kèqi le. You’re too polite.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to build," only used for buildings. (Another common use of this word is as the verb "to cover," which was the original meaning.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige fángzi gàile duSshXo nián le?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How old is this house/building? (lit., "How many years has it been since this house was built?")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shi Dà Jiànzhù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; The "Ten Great Structures" in Bēijīng were designed and built in the 1950s by the Chinese themselves. The authorities wanted to modernize the layout of the capital and at the same time to commemorate the revolutionary victory and its heroes. The architectural styles include Western as well as traditional Chinese. The buildings are as follows: Bōi-jīng Railroad Station, Museum of Art, Museum of History, Great Hall of the People, Revolutionary Military Museum, Telegraph Building, Nationalities Cultural Palace, Agricultural Exhibition Hall, Workers Stadium, and the Monument to the People's Heroes.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Wǒmen yìjīng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Juédìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> chile fàn yīhòu qù mǎi dōngxi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hǎo. Cōng zhèr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chuǎnguò guǎngchǎng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiù yōu shǎng-diàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’ve already decided that after we eat we’re going shopping.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, from here cross through the square and there are some stores.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Juědìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to decide" a course of action, or a "decision”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tāmen Juedìng yào ban dào Nlǔ Yuē qù zhù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō Juedìng míngtiān zài zuò zhèijiàn shi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō Juedìng qù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō yào hé Huǎshèngdùn fǎngmian shǎngliang yíxià cai néng zuō Juedìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chuǎnguò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to cross through"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">CŌng zhèr chuǎnguoqu Jiù dào le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They decided to move to New York.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve decided not to do this until tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve decided to go. (Note that ~</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">le </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is not attached to </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">juédìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> here even though "decided” is a completed action. The verb which follows </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Juédìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> prevents this.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I have to discuss this with Washington before I can make a decision.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We Just cross through here and then we’re there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guǎngchǎng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "square" in a city (the literal meaning is "wide-field")</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yìtiǎn kàndewǎn Can you see all of the Imperial Palace</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kànbuwǎn? in one day?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yìtiǎn nǎr kàndewǎn! How could you see it </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">all</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in one day?!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; The full name is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng Bōwùyuàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the Former Imperial Palace Museum." This was the palace of the ruling families of the Ming and Qìng dynasties. It is located in the center of Béijìng. In conversation it is usually referred to simply as the </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (literally, "Former-palace").</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kàndewǎn kànbuwǎn?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "can (one) finish seeing (it)?" This is the compound verb of result </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kànwǎn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "finish seeing," with the syllables -de- and -bu- inserted between the action and the result. Notice that in the question form, the affirmative choice is given first and the negative choice second, Just as in simple questions like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qù bu qù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (which means </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qù hǎishi bú qù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">). In some varieties of Standard Chinese, the question form of verbs like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kàndewǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">follows the pattern Action </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Action-de-Result: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Kàn bu kàndeván?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> This pattern is increasingly common.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gùgōng yìtiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nkàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dewán kànbuwán?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Note the placement of the time expression </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìti&n</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. <sup>W</sup>one day,” BEFORE the verb. Expressions telling that something is done WTrnlN a certain period of time (usually translated as "in" a certain period) come BEFORE the verb.’ Other examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìtiǎn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> néng huílai ma? Can you get back </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">in one day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Méi wèntí, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bàntiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiù huílai No problem. I’ll be back </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">in half </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">le. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">a day</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W5 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìhuìr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yào chūqu. I’ll be going out </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">in a while</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yíge zhSngtéu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiù xuéhuì le. He learned it </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">in Just an hour</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liángge yuè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> qù yícì. I go once </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">in two months</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">n&r</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: The word for "where" is used here to make a rhetorical question (one to which no answer is expected) implying the negative of what it says. Other examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nár y<5u name rèngyì! Since when is it that easy’. (It</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">isn’t at all so easy.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 nár zhldào tǎ yíjlng Jiéhūn How was I to know that she was lei already married! (i.e., I had no</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">way of knowing)</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12. A: Shéi qùguo Zhōngguó, shéi Jiù huì xiàngzhe ta.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Whoever goes to China will always think of it.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 12</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shéi...shéi Jiù...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "whoever..." You can use an interrogative pronoun— </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shéi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shénme, něige</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zènme, náli</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shénme shíhou</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">duōshào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, etc.—in a dependent clause and then repeat it in the main clause to get meanings like "whoever," "whatever," "however," "wherever," "whenever," "however much," etc. The adverb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "then," is often used in the main clause.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NX xūyào shénme, w3 Jiù gěi nl shénme.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ll give you whatever you need.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Náli duì nl zuì fàngbian wSmen Jiù zài náli Jlàn mi an.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’ll meet wherever is most convenient for you.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shéi xiXng qù, shéi Jiù qù.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Whoever wants to go, goes.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">’Remember: Time expressions referring to POINTS in time, including ones like "in (by the end of) two days," go BEFORE; those describing the CONTINUATION of time go AFTER. (Review the note on placement of time phrases in the Meeting module, Unit 1, Notes on No. 6.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are some examples in which </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NX ài zénmeyàng zěnmeyàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl shénme shíhou fāngbian, shénme shihou lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">not used:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do whatever you like.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Come whenever it’s convenient for you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài Táiwān, xiāngjiāo zSngshi They always have bananas in Taiwan; y3u; yào duōshǎo, y3u duōshào. there are as many as one could want (i.e., there are plenty).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiàngzhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ”be thinking of, have on one’s mind” </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-Zhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> on the end of an action verb like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shows the prolonging of the action over a period of time. Compare these examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bié zhànzhe, zuòxia ba! Don’t stay standing; sit down’.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nt tlngzhe!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl mànmàn chi, wS děngzhe nl.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 zài zhèr kānzhe ta, nl qù Jiao liàng Jiùhùchē.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Take your time eating; I’ll wait for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ll stay here and watch him; you go call an ambulance.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">13. cháodài</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dynasty</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 13</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cháodài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: The bound form </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-cháo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> must be preceded by a name (as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Qíncháo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ’’the Qin Dynasty”). </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Cháodài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be used alone, as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhèige gSngdiàn shi zài neige cháodài jiànzhude?,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ’’In which dynasty was this palace constructed?”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit J*, Review Dialogue</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American architect, John Bernacki, is attending a Joint Sino-American conference on architecture in Bēijīng. During the conference, he has made the acquaintance of a certain Liú Yuèwén of the Chinese Institute of Architecture. They had the chance to talk a bit when Liú accompanied a delegation of American architects around the city to visit several ancient buildings.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">One evening toward the end of the conference, Bernacki is having coffee in the dining room of the Beijing Hotel. On his table he has spread out a tourist map of Beijing and a relief map of China, and is studying them intently. Just then, Liú Yuèwén comes over to his table carrying a cup of coffee.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Jintiǎn cǎnguǎnle Gùgōng hái bú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gòu lèi ma? Hái zài zhèr kàn dìtú ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: À! Shi ni ya? Lái lái lái, zài zhèr zuò yihuīr. Ni he shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Kǎfēi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Ùg, shi kǎfēi. Wō zài Déguode shihou hēchéng xíguàn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì le. Wō zěnme huì wàngle ni</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shi zài Déguo xuéde Jiànzhù. Hui guo zhème duō nián, méiyou zài qùguo Ōuzhōu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: You qùguo yícì, nèi shi qījiǔ-nián, zhèicì bi shàngcì duo zōule Jige dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shéi qùguo Ōuzhōu, shéi Jiù huì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiǎngzhe ta. Jiù xiang Zhōngguó yíyàng, láiguo Zhǒngguóde rén, bù guǎn shénme shihou, zōng hái huì xiǎngzhe ta.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Shi a!...Gǎngcái wō láide shí-hour, ni hǎoxiàng zài yánjiū shénme?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Mei shenme, wō zài xiāng, Běijīng-de dìxíng he ná Beijing zuò shōudū yōu diǎnr guānxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Aren’t you tired enough after visiting the Palace Museum today? Still here, reading maps!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah, it’s you? Come on and sit down here for a while. What are you drinking? Coffee?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, coffee. I got in the habit of drinking it when I was in Germany.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh yes; how could I forget that you studied architecture in Germany.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After so many years back in China, haven’t you gone back to Europe at all?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve been back once. That was in ’79. That time I went to a few more places than the previous time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Whoever goes to Europe will always think of it. It’s Just like China, no matter when it is that a person comes here, they’ll always think of it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, indeed!...Just now when I came, you seemed to be studying something, is that so?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nothing much. I was thinking that the topography of Beijing has something to do with using it as the capital.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Nī shuōde duì, Beijing zài Huá-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">běi Píngyuánde zuì běibiān, xīběi kào shin, dǒng, nán shi pingyuan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhèizhōng dìxíng rang rén ganjué</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bījiāo rōngyi fángbèi běifāng láide qīnlùè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Tèbié shi yōule Chángchēng yīhòu, gèng rōngyi fángbèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tīngshuō Chángchēng xiūguo bù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhīdao duōshāo cì le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Cong Qíncháo dào xiànzài, Cháng-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chéng yìzhí zài xiū, women děi J ide bù guān shénme shihour wSmen dōu děi xiěoxīn Běifāng láide qīnlūè!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nī zhēn yōu yìsi. Duì le, wō xiǎng wSmen qiántiān qù kànguode nèiduàn Chángchēng hāoxiàng bú shi Qíncháo jiànzhude?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Èng, shi Míngcháo chóngxīn Jiànzhude. Qíncháode Chángchēng zài Bādálīng běibian liāngbāiduō līde dìfang. Suōyi lái Zhōngguō cān-guānde wàiguo péngyou plngcháng kàndaode Chángchēng bú shi zuì lāode yíduàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: "Wànlī Chángchēng” zhēn yōu yíwàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lī cháng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Yōu, Chángchēng Jīngguòle qīge</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shěng, yígòng yōu yíwàn èrqiān lī cháng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chúle Chángchēng yīwài, wSmen Jīge Jiànzhù gōngzuòzhě duì Shísān-língde dìxià gōngdiǎn yě hen yōu xìngqu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Tándao Zhōngguō gúdài Jiànzhù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìshu, nī qùguo Tiāntán ma? Nīmen-de yōulān Jìhuàli you r.éiyou Tiāntán?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s right. Běijīng is in the northernmost part of the North China Plain. On the northwest it is bordered by mountains; to the east and south there are flatlands.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This kind of topography made people feel as if it were easier to guard against invasions from the north.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Especially after the Great Wall was built, it was even easier to guard against ^invasions!.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understand the Great Wall has been repaired I-don’t-know how </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">many</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">From the Qin dynasty down to the present the Great Wall has been under repair all along. We must remember that no matter when, we must always beware of invasion from the north!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You're such a card. Oh yes—it seems to me that the section of the Great Wall we went to see the day before yesterday wasn’t built during the Qin dynasty, was it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty Great Wall is over two hundred </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> north of Bādálīng. So the Great Wall that foreign friends who come to sightsee in China usually see isn't the oldest section.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is the "Great Wall of Ten Thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Li”</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> really ten thousand </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> long?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. The Great Wall passes through seven provinces and altogether is 12,000 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> long.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Besides the Great Wall, we building workers* are also very interested in the underground palaces of the Thirteen Tombs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Speaking of ancient Chinese architectural art, have you been to the Temple of Heaven? Is that on your touring schedule?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: ò, duì le, Tiāntán! Wō.xiàng-qilai le, tīngshuǒ Tiāntán gàide hěn tèbié. Kěshi, bù zhldào wèi-shenme, wōmende yóulán jìhuàli hāoxiàng mélyōu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Bú yàojlnde. Wōmen he Zhōngguō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Luxíngshè tányitán, rúguō tǎmen méiyou shíjiān ānpaide hua, wōmen kéyi zài XIngqītiān zìjī qù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: XIngqītiān zìjī qù! Hao jìhua!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nide xiānsheng, háizi, dōu kéyi lái ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Dàgài kéyi. Wō àiren he wōde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dà érzi dōu shi gǎo jiànzhude, tā-men kéyi gěi ni hāohāor Jièshào yixià Tiāntánde jiànzhù tèdiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wōmen zènme qù ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Nl xiāng bu xiāng zōuyizōu lù a?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kéyi a! Zài shuō, wo xiāng Xīng-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qītiǎnde gōnggòng qìchě dàgài xiāngdāng ji.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Ùg. Wōmen cōng Běijīng Fàndiàn zōu dào Tian'ānmén, ránhòu chuān-guò guāngchāng, bù yuān jiù shi Tiāntán le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo, jiù zhème juédìng le. Bú-guò, bù zhldào Tiāntán yōu duō dà? Bàntiān kàndewán ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Tiāntán bl Yíhéyuán xi&ode duō, zhǔyàode jiànzhù jiù yōu liāngbù-fen. Bàntiān dàgài kéyi kànwán. Zènme, XIngqitiān nl hái yōu biéde shì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xīngqītiǎn xiàwu yōu rén qlng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">women chī fàn. Bù hāo yìsi bú qù, kèshi xīnshāng jiànzhù yìshu, nà kè shi yàojlnde shir, bàntiān dagài bú gòu!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, yes—the Temple of Heaven. That reminds me. I’ve heard that the Temple of Heaven is very special. But for some reason I don’t know, it doesn’t seem to be on our tour schedule.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That doesn’t matter. We’ll talk about it with the China Travel Service, and if they don’t have time to set it up, we can go by ourselves on Sunday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Go ourselves on Sunday! That’s a great plan! Can your husband and children all come too?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Probably. My spouse and my oldest son are both in building. They can do a proper job of showing you the special architectural characteristics of the Temple of Heaven.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How shall we go there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do you want to walk a little?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That would be okay. Besides, I suppose the buses are pretty crowded on Sundays.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm. From the Běijīng Hotel we walk to the Gate of Heavenly Peace, then we cross the square, and not far from there is the Temple of Heaven.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. Then that’s the decision. Only, I wonder how large the Temple of Heaven is? Could we see it in half a day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Temple of Heaven is much smaller than the Summer Palace. The main structures include only two parts.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You can probably finish seeing it in half a day. Why? Do you have other things to do on Sunday?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sunday afternoon we’ve been invited to dinner. It would be embarrassing if we didn’t go, but admiring architectural art is certainly an important thing, and half a day probably won’t be enough!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bú yàojīnde, zhèige Xīngqītiān</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">w3men zāo diSnr qù. Zāo qù zāo hui, Jiù kàn bàntiān. RúguS ni hái xiXng qù, w3men zài xiang bàn-fā yuè shiJian.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hao, Jiù zhèiyang le. W3 J ide</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài Ōuzhōu canguān yige Jiàotáng hái děi yòng bù sh&o shíjiān ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Hāo le, Jiù zhèiyangr. Xīngqī-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tiān zāoshang badiSn, zài lóuxià dà ménkSur Jiàn, rúguò yòu shénme gāibiàn, w3 zài dā diànhuà gěi nī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāode, Jiù zhèiyang!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s okay, this Sunday we’ll go a little earlier. We’ll leave early and come back early, and Just spend half a day there. If you still want to go we’ll try to arrange a time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, that sounds good. I remember it takes quite a long time to tour a cathedral in Europe!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right, that’s our plan. We’ll meet at the entrance downstairs, Sunday morning at eight. If there’s any change I’ll give you a call.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, that’s fine!</span></p>
- <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-7.png" alt="" style="width:487pt;height:333pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">The Great Wall of China</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit 1*, Tape 2 Workbook</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this exercise, Chinese friend at the Beijing Hotel.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The conversation occurs only once, you’ll probably want to rewind the tape you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">pSolai páoqù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìshí</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gēlúnblyà Dàxué</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">háishi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngshān Gongyuan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-kě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-zuò</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mùtou</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Liáodài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your able to give them</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Why does</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Why does</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be orally in class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the American scholar want to stop talking about New York?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">his Chinese friend think New York is a special place?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">an American scholar visiting China talks with an old</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After listening to it completely, and answer the questions below as</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">you will need to understand this</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to run back and forth for the moment Columbia University it would be better to Sun Yatsen Park tree (counter for trees) (counter for massive objects) wood the Liáo Period</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. Does the Chinese friend enjoy old things? How do you know?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">4. How do you get from the Běijīng Hotel to Sun Yatsen Park?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. Describe three attractions in Sun Yatsen Park.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, Professor Michaels talks with Ms. Tang Làn, from the China Travel Service, while he packs his bags in his hotel room.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dXrSo</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huàcè xūyàoliàng Jiēshdu līwù zhàopiàn ySuhSo dàibiěo</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to disturb book of photographs</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">need, demand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to accept</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gift</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">photograph</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">friendship</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to represent; on behalf of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What does Ms. Tang Lan bring Professor Michaels?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Why does she bring this particular gift?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. Why does she refuse the pen Professor Michaels offers her?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">4. How does Professor Michaels explain his gift of the pen so that it will be acceptable?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 4</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, a young German student is touring the Great Wall at Bādallng when she meets a Chinese who was a classmate of hers three years before in Germany.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni háishi lǎo yàngzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You look as a bit</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">if you haven’t changed</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be great</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, to be terrific</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">weidà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be great</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(e.g., a leader)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mùníhēi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Munich</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shìzhèngfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">city hall</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhengqí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be neat,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be tidy</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Why hadn’t the German gotten in touch with her Chinese friend yet?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. What plans of the Chinese government are bothering the German?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What example does the Chinese friend give to show that modernization has made improvements in Bíijīng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">4. What is the main reason the Chinese friend sees for building the hotel?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, an American scholar visiting China (A) talks with an old Chinese friend of his (B) at the Beijing Hotel.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Mēicì lái Zhōngguō zōngshi yào</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">máfan.nī, péizhe wōmen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pǎolai pǎo-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qùde. Nī shénme shíhou ye dào Měiguo qù kànkan ma! Sān-sìshí-nián le, Měiguo yījīng biànde tài duō le!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a! Qù shi hen xiǎng qùde,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhī shi yìshí hái zhǎobudào jīhui.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gēlúnbīyà Dàxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> cháng qīng tāmen-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de lǎo xuésheng huíqu cānguān, yōu-lǎn. Wō shishi gěi ni ānpai yixiar.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hǎode....Shuōqilai yě qíguài, Niǔ Yuē zhēn shi ge tèbiéde dìfang. Wō zhù zai nàrde shihou bù juéde zěnme tài hǎo, kēshi xiànzài cháng xiǎng-qi ta! Yōu hen duō lǎo liúxuéshēng cháng shuō, shéi zài Niù Yuē zhùguo' shéi jiu hui chángcháng xiǎngzhe ta!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò, wōmen bù tán zhèige le. Zài tánxiaqu wō yě yào xiǎng jiā le. Wōmen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">háishi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> chūqu zōuzou ba!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hǎo a! Nī xiǎng qù nǎr a?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Beijing shi shōudū, yídìng yōu xie yōu yìside dìfang. Gùgōng, Yí-héyuán shenmede wō dōu qùguo le. Fùjìn hái yōu shénme biéde dìfang bījiǎo yŌu yìsi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Cong zhèli chūqu wǎng xl zōu, chuānguo Tian’ānmén Guǎngchǎng, zài Tiān’ānménde xībianr yōu yíge gōng-yuánr, jiao </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhongshan Gōngyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, lī-mian yōu bù shǎo piàoliangde gudài jiànzhù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi shénme cháodàide Jiànzhù, yōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duáshao niánde lìshī !•-'?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Every time I come to China I always trouble you to accompany us all around the place. You should really come see America some time! It’s changed a lot in thirty or forty years!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, I’d love to go, it’s Just that for the moment I can’t find the opportunity.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Columbia University often invites their old students back to visit and tour. I’ll try to arrange it for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay....It’s a funny thing, but Nev York is really a special place. When I was living there, I didn’t think much of the place, but nov I often think of it. A lot of old students returned from abroad often say that whoever has lived in New York will think of it often!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let’s not talk about this any more. If we keep talking about it, I’m going to start missing home, too. It would be better if we went outside for a walk!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right! Where would you like to go?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Beijing is the capital, so it naturally has some interesting places. I’ve been to the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace. Are there any other interesting places near here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you go out from here and walk to the west, then cut across Tiān’ānmén Square, then on the west side of Tiān-ānmén there’s a park called Sun Yatsen Park, and inside there are a lot of beautiful ancient buildings.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What dynasty are the buildings from? How old are they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zuì zàode jiànzhù shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Liáodàid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e, chàbuduō yōu yìqiānniánde lìshì le. Nàr hái yōu qìkē gǔdàide dà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yě dōu yōu yìqiānduō nian le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yōu, yōu yí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zuō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dà diàn shi Míng-chaode shihour Jiànzhude, yòngde cáiliào quán shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mùtou</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yě yìjīng chàbuduō yōu liǔbàiniánde lìshl.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hào, nà wōmen xiànzài Jiù qù</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zōuzou.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: HÍode, zōu!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèr yě yōu yōu míngde gōngdiàn ba?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The earliest buildings are from the Liao Period. They are about a thousand years old. There are also seven ancient trees there, which are over a thousand years old, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There’s a famous palace there too, isn't there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. There’s a large palace which was constructed in the Ming Dynasty, made entirely of wood. That’s about six hundred years old, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right, then let’s go for a walk right now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, let’s go!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American tourist, Professor Michaels (M), is packing his bags in his</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hotel room. Ms. Táng Lán (T), from the door.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China Travel Service, comes to his</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Màikè Jiàoshòu, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàrào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nl le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Mei shenme, kuài qlng zuō, wō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhèr luànqībāzāode, zài shōushi dōngxi.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Professor Michaels, I’m disturbing you</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not at all. Please sit down. It’s a mess here, I'm packing.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Shénme shíhourde fěijí ya?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Wǎnshangde, hái z&o ne, bù jí bù JÍ, nl zuō ma.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Wō lái song gěi nín yìběn yōulán </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huàcè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Yōulàn huàcè? Jiù shi wōmen zài yōulSn Wànll Chángchéngde shihou, wō xiàng màide nèizhōng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Jiù shi. Zhèizhōng huàcè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xūyào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> kě dà le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Shì ma! Suzhou láide, yěizhōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">láide, shénme dìfang láide kèren dōu xiàng m&i yìběnr. Xūyàeliàng yídìng hěn dà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When’s your plane?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the evening. It's still early. No rush, no rush. Come on and sit down.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve come to give you a photographic travel book.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A photographic travel book? Is it the kind I wanted to buy when we were touring the Great Wall of Ten Thousand Li?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. There sure is a great demand for this kind of book of photographs.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure! Visitors from Europe, America, everywhere, all want to buy one. Of course there’s a great demand.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Nèitiǎn zài BSdállng, nín méiyou māizháo, jintiǎn wō gei nín sònglai le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Zhěn xièxie ni, zhème diǎnr xiǎo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shir nī hái xiǎngzhe. Duóshao q.ián na?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Shi Luxíngshè song nínde. Wǒmen</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huānyíng nín zài lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That day at BSdállng, you weren’t able to find one, so today I’m bringing you one.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you so much. Such a small thing and you still remembered it. How much was it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s a gift from the Travel Service. We welcome you to come back again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(Michael takes a Parker pen out of the pocket of his suitcase.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Nà, zhèizhī bī song gei ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Ò, bù kéyi, wǒmen bù kéyi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiē-shòu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> kèrende </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">līwù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M*. Name song gei nimen Luxíngshè. Hái Jide nèitiǎn wǒmen zài Shísǎn-líng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Dui, nèitiǎn nín hěn gāoxìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Xlnshǎng Zhōngguó gǔdài jiànzhù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìshu shi wō zuì gǎoxìngde shi. Nèitiǎn wǒmen zhào xiang le, nī hái jìde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Jide. Nèitiǎn nín gěi wǒmen Lu-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xíngshède Jīge tóngzhì zhàole xiāng, nín hái zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhàopiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hòu-mian yòng Zhōngwén xiěle "Měi-Zhōng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yǒuh&o”</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> sìge zì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Duì, nàme Jintiǎn nī song huàcè lai, wŌ song gei nimen yìzhl bī wèishénme bù kéyi ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">T: Hǎo. Wō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàibiǎo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> tóngzhìmen xiè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xie nín, huānyíng nín zài lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then, take this pen as a gift.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, I can’t. We’re not allowed to accept gifts from visitors.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then I give it to your Travel Service. Do you still remember that day at the Thirteen Tombs?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. That day you were very happy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The thing that makes me happiest is admiring the ancient architectural art of China. That day we took pictures, do you remember?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. That day, you took a picture of us comrades from the Travel Service, and you wrote on the back of the picture ’’American-Chinese friendship.”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. So then today since you’ve brought me the photographic travel book, what’s wrong with my giving you a pen?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right. On behalf of the other comrades, I thank you and welcome you to come back again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">M: Wō yídìng zài lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ll be sure to.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 1*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A traveler from Germany (B) is touring the Great Wall at BSdállng when she spots a Chinese friend (A) whom she met three years before when he was studying in Germany.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ài! Xú Gang! Hái rènshi wō ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò! Shi ni ya! Sānnián bú Jiàn, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ni háishi iXo yàngzi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">! Lái BěiJIng duo Jiu le?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ha! Kàndao ni zhěn gāoxìng! Wō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lái zhèr yíge duō xìngqī le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yìzhí cānguān zhèr, cānguān nàrde, mángjíle, dōu méi néng gěi ni dS yige diànhuà. Nī hái zài Běidà ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hái zài Běidà. Nìde Zhōngwén</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yuè lái yuè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le ma!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bàng shénme ya? Hái bu shi má-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mahuhūde! Duì le, zài zhèr kàndao ni zhèng hāo! Wō yōu yíge wèntí xiXng wèn ne, ni yōu méiyou shí-Jiān?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yōu! Hl yōu shénme wèntí?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō Jide Chángchéng Jīngguòle hāo-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jlge shěng, yōu yíwàn èrqiānduō 11 cháng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì ya!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chángchéng shi Zhōngguó zuì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wěi-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàde gǔdài Jiànzhù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì ya! Chàbuduō shi zhèiyang.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: HXo. Name Qíncháode shíhour wèi-shenme yào xiū zhème chángde Chángchéng ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Dāngrán shi vèile fángbèi Běi-fang láide qlnlūè le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nàme, hlmen xiànzài wèishenme bù hXohāorde bXohù Chángchéng, nimen gǔdàide chuántōng ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shéi shuōde? Wǒmen bú shi yìzhí zài xiǔ ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Keshi tlngshuō nlmende zhèngfǔ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yljìng Juédìng zài Chángchéngde fǔjìn gài yíge xiàndàihuàde ^àn-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hey! Xú Gang! Do you still remember me?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well! It’s you! It’s been three years, but you still look the same! How long has it been since you came to Běijīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ha! It’s so good to see you! It’s been a week or more since I got here. I’ve been sightseeing all over the place all along, and haven’t been able to give you a call. Are you still at BěiJIng University?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, I’m still there. Your Chinese is getting more and more fantastic!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What’s fantastic about it? It’s Just so-so, really! Oh yes—glad I’ve run into you here; I have a question I'd like to ask. Do you have time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. What's your question?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As I remember, the Great Wall passes through many provinces and is over 12,000 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> long.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Right!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Great Wall is China's greatest ancient structure.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right! That's about the way it is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. And why did they want to build such a long Great Wall during the Qin dynasty?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As a precaution against invasions from the north, of course.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then why aren't you doing a good Job of protecting the Great Wall, of protecting your ancient tradition?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Says who? We've been repairing it all along, you know!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But I hear that your government has decided to build a modern hotel in the vicinity of the Great Wall. If that's</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">diàn. Rúguō zhēn shi nèiyangr, wō juéde yōu yìdiánr bú tai shūfu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: À! Wō xiingqilai le. Zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Mùní-hēid</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e shihou, w&nen you yícì qù cānguān yíge láo Jiaotang.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì le. Wōmen zōuguò láo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shì-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhèngfǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ménkōurde shihou, kàndao nàr yōu hěn duō hěn xiàndàihuàde fàngu&nr, yě yōu zàzhì, shùbào, huàr shenmede, zhěn rang wo xīnli bù shūfu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hài, xiàndàihuàde shèhuì ma, zenme</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">néng méiyou xiàndàihuàde dōngxi ne? Bīfang shuō Běijīngde Qiánménwài ba, cōngqián yōu hěn duō xiáo pùzi. Jiěfàng yīhòu xiuguo h&o duō cì, hái shi bú tài háo, hōulái chóng-xīn gàile hěn duō dà shāngdiàn, Jiù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhěngqíd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e duō le. Yōu shénme bù h&o ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: H&o le, h&o le, wō tóngyì le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shì ma! Nl kàn, zhèrde dìxíng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duō yōu yìsi, fěngjīng duō piào-liang. Lái zhèrde rén wánr yìtiān gòu ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Dàgài bú gòu.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Jiù shi ma, yàoshi fújìn yōu yíge dà fàndiàn, nà duō fāngbian!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: H&o le, hlo le, wō tóngyì le! Zōu, zánmen zài wing shàng zōuzou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zōu!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">really the case, then I feel rather bad about it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! I remember. When we were in Munich, once we went to visit an old church.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. When we walked in front of the old city hall, seeing all those modern restaurants, and the magazines, books, newspapers, paintings, and so on, it really made me feel very bad.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well, that’s modern society, you know! How can it do without modern things? Take Qiánménwài in Běijīng, for example. It used to have a lot of little shops. After liberation, it was fixed up many times, but it still wasn’t too good. Later a lot of new big stores were built, and it looked much neater. What's wrong with that?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, okay, I agree.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure! Look, the terrain is so interesting here, and the scenery is so beautiful. Is one day enough for the people who come here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Probably not.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Exactly. If there were a big hotel in the vicinity, how convenient it would be!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, okay, I agree! Come on, let’s walk on up!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let's go.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Zhōngguō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">meitan zlyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bù shào, chànliàng hen gāo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi, xiànzài Zhōngguō méitàn chànliàng zài shìjièshang zhàn dìsān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Cōngqiàn Zhōngguōde shíyáu dàbùfen zài lí </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">blanJìng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bù yuànde dìfang.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xiànzài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yànhài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yídàide shíyōu ye fāzhànqilai le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kuàngqūd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">.1 īnshǔ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyè shi shénme shíhou kāishī yōude?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bāshi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">niāndài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngyè ye shi bāshi niándài cài yōude.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China’s coal resources are large and output is high.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, China’s coal output ranks third in the world.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the past, China’s oil was mostly in places out near the border.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Now oil in the coastal region is starting to be developed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When did the metal industry in this mining area begin?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the eighties. There wasn’t a machine industry until the eighties, e’i-ther.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: Zài guò shínián, dào Jiǔshi niandài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, zhèige guōjiā dàgai hui biànchéng yíge Jingji </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiàngguō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù xíng, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qlmà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dài zài guò èrshinián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In another ten years, in the early nineties, this country will probably become an economic power.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, it will be at least another twenty years.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Zhèiwèi zài guōwài yōu míngde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngchengshī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. huí guo yihòu zěnmeyàng la?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Huí guō yihòu yìzhí gāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhòng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyè fāngmiànde jìshu gōngzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What happened when this engineer who was famous abroad went back to his country?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He has been doing technical work in heavy industry since he returned to his country.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Bú jiù shi Rìběn, xiànzài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gèg</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">uō dōu hěn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guānxǐn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguō yànhàide Jíngji Jiànshè.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not only Japan, all countries are now interested in the economic construction of China’s coast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi. Yljīng yōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xǔduō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> guōjiā xiǎng he Zhōngguō yìqi zài nèi yídài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chénglì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xīnde gōngsī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, there are already many countries which are thinking of establishing new companies with China in that area.</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark19"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark20"></a>US</span></h3>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Tīngshuō zhèige nōngyèqū yījīng yōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lìliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> fāzhān gōngyè le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jin shínián lái, zhèige dìqú-de nōngyè shēngchàn gāo de bú cuò, shōurù bù shào, gàole yìdiànr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qīng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngyè.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Tīngshuō èrshinián qián yōu hěn duō niánqīng rén dàole nèige méiyou rénde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiōng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dìfang.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a! Kěshi xiànzài zhèngfú kéyi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fàngxīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le. Nèige dìfang yījīng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">suàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiànshède bú cuò le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I hear that this agricultural area already has the capability to develop its industry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Over the past ten years, agricultural production in this area has been good and income has been high, so some light industry was set up.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I heard that twenty years ago a lot of young people came to that poor and unpopulated place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, but now the government need not worry anymore. That place can be considered to have been pretty well built up.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zōngde lái shuō ba</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, zhèige chéngshìde biànhuà shi</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hěn dàde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking, the changes in this city have been great.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a, zhàn zai </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shì zhōngxīn-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de dàlóushang kànkan, wō dōu bú rènshi le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, standing on top of the building in the center of the city, looking out, I don't recognize anything anymore!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Xǔduō Jīngji lìliàng bījiào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ruòd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e guōjiā hěn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gànxiè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguōde bāngzhù.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wōmen yě shi yíge fāzhān-zhōngde guōjiā, kěshi wōmen hěn gāoxìng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bang qítā </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guōjiā gāo jīngji Jiànshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Many countries with relatively weak economies are grateful for China's help.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We're still a developing country, too, but we're happy to help other countries in economic construction.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hàiwān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gulf, bay</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guàngdōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province, formerly Kwangtung)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hēilōngjiāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province, formerly Heilongkiang)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shǎnxī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province, formerly Shensi, now officially spelled Shaanxi)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sichuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province, formerly Szechwan)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tiānjīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a municipality, formerly Tientsin)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ba</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bang biànhuà biānjìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(marker of pause or hypothesis) to help</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">change</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">border, frontier</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chénglì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to establish</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-chū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the beginning of (a time period)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fang xīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be unworried, to be at ease</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gSnxiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be thankful, to be grateful</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gè-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">each, every, various, different</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngchéngshl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">engineer</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gulngdōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(province in south China)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guānxīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be concerned about, to care about</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hSiwān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bay; gulf</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hēilóngjiāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(province in northeast China)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the past..., the last...</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jīnshú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">metal</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kuàngqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mining region</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lìliàng (lìliang)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">power, force, strength</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">meitàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">coal</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">niándài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">decade of a century</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qiáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be strong</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qiángguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">powerful nation, a power</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qlmX</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">at least</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be light</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qīng gōngyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">light industry</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qióng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be poor</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qíti</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">other</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-qū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">area, region, district</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ruò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be weak</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ShínxI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(province in north central China)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">...(lái) shuǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">...speaking</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sichuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(province in southwest China)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">suàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be considered, to count as</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tianjin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(municipality southeast of BěiJIng)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-wèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">place, position (rank)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <h3><a name="bookmark21"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark22"></a>HO</span></h3>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xǔduó</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yánhíi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhong zhōngxīn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zīyuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zongde lái</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">many, much</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">along the coast, coastal</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be heavy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">center, heart, core, hub (natural) resources</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shuō generally speaking, on the whole</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">/2/</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Zhōngguō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">meitàn zīyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bù sháo, chànliàng hěn gāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì, xiànzài Zhōngguō méitàn chànliàng zài shìjièshang zhàn dìsānwèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China’s coal resources are large and output is high.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, China’s coal output nov ranks third in the world.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">meitàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ’’coal’’ In daily life (for coal is still used as a fuel in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">many </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">homes in China), this is usually called simply </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tan</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> by itself mpang ’’charcoal” (charcoal is also called </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mùtàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, literally, "wood-charcoal”). Another word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, written with a different character but pronounced exactly the same, means the element "carbon."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige dìfangde méitàn shēngch&n Coal production is doing very well qíngkuàng bú cuò. in this place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zīyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "resources" This is used in such phrases as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zirán zīyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "natural resources," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìxià zīyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "underground resources.**</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rìběn yōu zīyuánde wèntí. Japan has a problem of resources,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">{refers to lack of resources)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bù sh&o</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "not few," i.e., "many," "large" Remember that Chinese often uses </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> to express the opposite of adjectives:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shíjiān </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bù záo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le. It’s getting </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">late</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl zhēn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bù cōngmíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. You’re really </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dumb</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèige guōjiāde JīngJi fāzh&nde That country’s economy is developing </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">búmàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">quite fast</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìsānwèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "third place" -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is the same word you learned in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Něiwèi shi Gǎo Tongzhì?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, but here it means "place" or "position" in a statistical r</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">anki</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ng, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-Wei</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> also means "place" in mathematics: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gèwèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the units place"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shiwèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the tens place"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bāiwèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the hundreds place"; etc.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Use the pattern </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhàn dì-...-wèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguō rénkōu zhàn shìjiè dìyīwèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yìndù dàozi chlnliàng zài shìjièshang zhàn dìjīwèi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">for "to rank in ... position":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China’s population ranks first in the world.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How does India’s rice production rank in the world?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: CŌngqián Zhōngguōde shíyōu dlbùfen zài lí </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">biānjìng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bù yuǎnde dìfang.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xiànzài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánhǎi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yídàide shíyōu ye fāzhǎnqilai le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">biānjìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ’’(national) border"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài biānjìng dìqǔ shēnghuó, gōng-zuòde rén, yídìng yào tebié xiaoxīn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige chéngshì lí biānjìng hěn Jin.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài lí biānjìng bù yuande dìfang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: main verb of the sentence is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "was goes with -de and describes </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìfang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. H</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the past, China’s oil was mostly in places near the border.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Now oil in the coastal region is starting to be developed, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">People who live and work in the border areas must be especially careful.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This city is very near the border.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"was in places near the border" The in." The phrase </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lí biānjìng bù yuǎn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">re is a diagram of the structure:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguōde shíyōu zài</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lí biānjìng bù yuin -de dìfang.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China’s oil</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">was in not far from the border places.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánhǎi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "along the coast," "coastal" (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, which you will learn in Unit 7, means "along.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèizhōng dōngxi shi yánhǎi This kind of thing is found only</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dìqǔ cái yōude. in the coastal regions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèijlge yánhǎi chéngshì Jiàn- Those few coastal cities have been shède hěn kuài. built up very quickly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yánhǎi yídài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is a very common way of saying "coastal region." You should also memorize the expressions </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánhǎi gèshěng*</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the (various) coastal provinces," and yánhǎi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> zìyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "coastal resources."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kuàngqūd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jìnshǔ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyè shi shénme shíhou kāishi yōude?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bāshi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">niándài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jíxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngyè yě shi bāshi niándài cái yōude.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kuàngqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "mining area/region"</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When did the metal industry in this mining area begin?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the eighties. There wasn’t a machine industry until the eighties either.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Kuàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is the word for "mine," as in</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">*0n the word gè-« "various," see the Notes on No. 6.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">6>3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">méikuàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "coal mine." </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-Qū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "area," "region," as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìqù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "region,"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāoqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "suburbs," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shìqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "urban area."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige jìhua shi guǎnyu kuàng- This plan has to do with the qū Jiànshède. development of mining regions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jìnshú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "metal," literally, "metal-category"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi shi Jīnshúde ma? Is this (made of) metal?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànzài wǒmen zuò zhèizhong Now we no longer make this kind of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dōngxi bú yòng jinshú, dōu thing out of metal, we make it out</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yòng zhi le. of paper.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">niándài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This has two meanings: (1) (as used in 3B) "a decade of a century," e.g., </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">èrshi niándài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the twenties"; (2) "period," "era"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige gùshi xiěde shi shénme What period is this story about? niándàide shi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèipíng Jiú shi shénme nián- What vintage is this wine/liquor? dàide?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jlxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "machine," "machinery," "mechanical"</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒmen zhèlide shēngchán zhuyào kào Jlxiè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Moqt of our production here is by machine.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is also pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JlJiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jīqì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "machine," which you learned in Unit 3, is different from </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jīqì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> refers to individual machines; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jlxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is machines in general—machinery. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiqì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> virtually- always translates as "machine(s)." </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is basically "machinery,<sup>H</sup> but may translate as "machine" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">in certain phrases</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlxiè gōngrén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "machine worker," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlxiè gōngyè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "machine industry," etc.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: Zài guò shinián, dào Jiúshi niándài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, zhèige guōjiǎ dàgai huì biànchéng yíge JlngJi qiángguō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù xíng, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qimX</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> děi zài guò èrshinian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In another ten years, in the early nineties, this country will probably become an economic power.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, it will be at least another twenty years.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài guò shínián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "in another ten years," "after another ten years have passed" Here are some more examples of the use of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">(zài) guò (Amount of Time)</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài guò Jīnián wō Jiù xíguàn I’ll get used to life here in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhèrde shēnghuó le. another few years.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guò jītiān tā Jiù yào qù Yìdàlì In a few days, he will be going zuō līngshì le. to Italy to be consul.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-chū: "at the beginning of" a time period</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Míngniánchū wō qù Shanghai.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yuèchū zài shuō ba!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At the beginning of next year I’m going to Shanghai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’ll see about it at the beginning of (next) month!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige yuè chū tiānqi kāishī nuānhuo le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wénhuà Dà Geun ng chū wōmen shéi dōu hái bù zhldào shi zenme hui shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The weather started to get warmer at the beginning of this month.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, none of us knew what it was all about yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiángguō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "strong-country," i.e., </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qīmā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "at least"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā xué Zhōngwén qīmā yōu wǔnián le, dànshi hái shuōde bù hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Měitiān wānshang wō qīmā yào kàn li&ngge zhōngtóu shū cái néng shuì Jiào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige rén zhēn néng pāo, měitiān qīmā pāo shier yīnglī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) "minimum, lowest (required to be</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige rén! Lián qīmāde līmào dōu bù dōng!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī lián zhè qīmāde dàolī dōu bù dōng?!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"a (world) power"</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He has been studying Chinese for at least five years, but he still doesn't speak well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Every evening I have to read at least two hours before I can go to sleep.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This guy can really run. Every day he runs at least twelve miles.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">acceptable), most basic, rudimentary"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This guy! He doesn’t even understand the most basic manners!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You don’t even understand this basic principle (of conduct, life, etc.)?!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Similar expressions include </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qīmāde tiáojiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the most basic conditions"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qīmāde hu^njìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the most basic environment(al conditions)"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qīmāde zhīshi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the most rudimentary knowledge"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qīmāde shuīpíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the minimum level."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Zhèivèi zài guúwài yòu míngde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngchéngshì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, hui guo yīhòu zěnmeyàng la?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hui guó yīhòu yìzhí gǎo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhong </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyè fāngmiànde Jìshu gongzuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What happened when this engineer who was famous abroad went back to his country?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He has been doing technical work in heavy industry since he returned to his country.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zěnmeyàng la?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "what happened (to him)" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">La</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is Just a contraction of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">le </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">a.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Here are more examples of the extremely useful word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zěnmeyàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "how is...," "what happened (to)...," or "do what":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ránhòu ne? Ránhòu zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Éi, hāo JInián mei kànjian Xiāo WÚ le, tā zěnmeyàng le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yíge ren bù néng xiāng zěnmeyàng Jiu zěnmeyàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni yàoshi bú gàosu ta, tā huì duì ni zěnmeyàng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā bú huì zěnmeyàng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nt dāsuan zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ni xiāng wò yīnggāi zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: W2 bù zhīdào, ni yào zěnmeyàng Jiu zěnmeyàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhong</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be heavy," in several</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige Jīqì yòu duú zhòng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gōngkè tài zhòng, zhěn lèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bú yào bā huà shuōde tài zhòng le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā- shòule zhòng shāng, xiànzài zài yīyuànli.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">And then? Then what happened?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Say, I haven’t seen Xiāo Wú for many years. What ever became of her?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A person cannot Just do anything they feel like doing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you don’t tell him, will he try to do anything to you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He.won’t do anything.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What are you going to do?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What do you think I should do?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don’t know. Do whatever you want to do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">senses:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How heavy is this machine?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I have too much homework; I’m really tired.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don’t put it too strongly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He was badly injured and is now in the hospital.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhòngliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "weight" (compare </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chānliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhiliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shùliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The opposite of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qīng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "to be light," which is introduced in No. 7, below.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Bú Jiù shi' Rìběn, xiànzài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gèg</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">uō dōu hěn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guǎnxīn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguō yánh&ide Jingji Jiànshè.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi. Yijīng yōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xǔduō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> guōjiā xiàng he Zhōngguō yìqī zài nèi yídài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chěnglì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xīnde gongsī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not only Japan, all countries are now interested in the economic construction of China’s coast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, there are already many countries which are thinking of establishing new companies with China in that area.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gèguō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "various countries" Gè-, " fier like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhèi-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "this," or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèi-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ^īhat. some nouns. Here are some examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WSmen zài quánguǒ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gèdì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> cānguān youlǎnle yíge yueì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànzài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gèrén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zuō gèrénde, sì-diǎn zai kāi huí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gèwèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rúguō yōu shénme wèntí, qīng xiànzài tíchulai.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎmen yòng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gèzhSng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xiàndàihuàde Jlqì •</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">each and every, various," is a speci-" You can prefix it to counters and to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We visited and toured all over the country for one month. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gèdì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is "each place," "various places.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">For now, everyone can do what they want. We will have the meeting at four. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gèrén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is "everybody.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you all have any questions, please bring them up now. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gèwèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is a polite form of address for a group of people, e.g., an audience. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-Wèi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is the polite counter' for people.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They use all kinds of modem machines. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">GèzhSng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is "various kinds.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When a </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gè-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> phrase is followed in the sentence by </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "all," it takes on the meaning "every," "all." Thus </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gèguō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in sentence ŌA is translated as "all countries."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guǎnxīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "to be concerned about," "to care about," "to be interested in" the welfare of something.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèrde iSoshī hěn guǎnxīn xué- The teachers here are very concerned sheng. about (care about) the students.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ hěn guǎnxīn kuàngqūde Jiànshè, He cares a great deal about the building sǎnge yuèli láikànguo hǎo Jī- up of the mining region; he came to cì. see it many times in three months.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xǔduō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "many," "a great deal (of)," "lots (of)" This is a synonym of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hěn duō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, and used in the same ways.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chenglì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to establish," "to found," "to set up"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Měiguō Diànhuà Diànbào Gōngsī In what year was AT&T established? shi nainián chénglìde?</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark23"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark24"></a>U7</span></h3>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. ■ A: Tīngshuǒ zhèige nōngyèqū yījīng yōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lìliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> fāzhàn gōngyè le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shínián lái, zhèige dìqū-de nōngyè shēngchàn gāode bú cuò, shōurù bù shāo, gāole yìdiānr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qlng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngyè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I hear that this agricultural area already has the capability to develop its industry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Over the past ten years, agricultural production in this area has been good and income has been high, so some light industry was set up.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-qù: ’’area,” "region,” "district" This word, which you have already seen in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "area," "region," and in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kuàngqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "mining region," can combine with many other words, for example </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngyèqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "industrial region," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngyèqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "agricultural region" or "fanning region," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shāngyèqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "business district (of a city)," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fēngjīngqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "scenic spot," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shānqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "mountainous district."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lìliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "power, "force," "strength" In 7A, this is translated idiomatically as "capability." Another example would be </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JingJi lìliàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "economic capability." Here are more examples (for the third one, you need to</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">know </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tuánj ié</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "unity"):</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōmende lìliàng bú gòu, méiyou bànfā bāngzhu ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dà zìde shihou, bù néng yòng tài dà lìliàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tuánjié Jiù shi lìliàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our power is insufficient;, there is no way we can help you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When typing, one should not hit too hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unity is strength.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shénme lìliàng yě bù néng bā wōmen fēnkāi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jin...lái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "during the last..."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jin sāntiān lái, XiSo Huá hāo-xiàng xīnli hěn bù gāoxìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jin Jīnián lái, tā biànhuà hěn dà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jin bāinián láide Zhōngguō lìshī hěn yōu yìsi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qlng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be light" in weight</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiāngzi bú zhòng, hěn qlng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qlng gōngyè gōngren méiyou zhòng gōngyè gōngrende shōurù duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No force can separate us.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">For the last three days, Xi&o Huá has seemed very unhappy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In recent years, she has changed a great deal.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese history of the past hundred years is very interesting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The suitcase isn’t heavy; it’s light</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Light industrial workers do not have as high wages as heavy industrial workers.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Tìngshuō èrshinián qián ySu hSn duō niánqīng rén dàole nèige méiyou rénde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiong </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dìfang.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a! Késhi xiànzài zhèngfǔ kéyi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fàngxìn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le. Nèige dìfang yījìng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">suàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiànshède bú cuò le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I heard that twenty years ago a lot of young people came to that poor and unpopulated place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, but now the government need not worry anymore. That place can be considered to have been pretty well built up.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">èrshinián qián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Qián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is a short form of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yīqián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. You can often substitute </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yīqián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> when it comes at the end of a time phrase. Both words are commonly used in conversation and writing. More examples:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō lái Měiguo qián, shénme yě méi zhǔnbèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yíge yuè qián, zhèige dàlóu hái méi gàiwán, xiànzài yījìng zhù rén le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiong</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be poor"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qiōng bú shi wèntí, làn cái shi* wèntí.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Before I came to America, I didn’t prepare anything.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A month ago, this building wasn't even finished yet, and now there are already people living in it.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Being poor isn't a problem; it’s being lazy that’s a problem.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fàngxìn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be unworried," "to be at ease," "to put one’s mind at ease" (literally, "put down the heart")</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī bàn shi, wō fàngxìn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">With you in charge (literally, "Cifl you handle affairs"), I am at ease, (reportedly said by Máo Zédōng to Huà Guófēng before Máo died in 1976)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī fàngxìn háo le, wō huì xiXng Don’t you worry. I’ll think of a way. bànfade.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī yíge rén qù, wō bú fàngxìn. I’ll worry if you go alone.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">suàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be counted as," "to be considered as," "can be regarded as" This verb is used much more often than these English translations would seem to indicate. To really get the feel of what </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">suàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means, you have to look at it in context. Here are some examples (the translations attempt to be idiomatic):</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hángzhōu suàn bu suan gōngyè Would you say that Hangzhou is an chéngshì? industrial city?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú suàn, suàn youlàn chéngshì. No, it's a tourist city.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zènme duō cài, sār.shikuài qián bú suàn guì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thirty dollars isn't expensive for so much food.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl děi zìjī huì shuō nl xi&ngde dōngxi cái suàn huì shuō Zhōngwén.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tai xlèxie le!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nà suàn shénme! Péngyōu ma!</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You have to be able to say what you want to say before you can be considered to speak Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you so much!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s nothing (literally, "What can that be considered’’)! We’re friends, after all!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fāzhǎn hljiao kuàide yào suàn méitàn gōngyè hé Jīxiè gōngyè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tiānjīn suīrán bú suàn zuì yōu míngde chéngshì, dànshi měi-nián yě yōu bù sh&o rén qù cānguān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shuō zhèizhōng huà hái suàn shi wàijiāoguān!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi yě suàn Běijīng kXoyā ma? bú duì ma!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài zhèi jīge xuéshenglī, tā hái suàn shi h&o de ne, kěshi dōu bú tài h&o.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">One would have to say the coal industry and the machine industry are the most rapidly developing industries.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Although one would not call Tiānjīn a very famous city, quite a few people go there to visit every year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What kind of diplomat talks like that! (literally, ”{In view of the fact that he) says such things, can he still be considered a diplomat?!)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">They call this Peking duck? The flavor is all wrong!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of these students, I suppose he’s the best, but none of them is very good.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zōngde lái shuō ba</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, zhèige chéngshìde biànhuà shi</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hěn dàde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking, the changes in this city have been great.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì a, zhàn zai </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shì zhōngxīn-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de dàlōushang kànkan, wō dōu bú rènshi le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, standing on top of the building in the center of the city, looking out, I don’t recognize anything anymore!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zōngde lái shuō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "generally speaking,’’ "on the whole’’</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zōngde lái shuō, wōmen xuéxiào xuéshěngde shuīpíng dōu shi hěn gāode.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zōngde lái shuō, nīmende gōngzuò g&ode bú cuò.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking, our school’s students are of a very high caliber.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">On the whole, you did a good job.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A similar phrase using the pattern </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">...lái shuō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìbān lái shuō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, which means</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"generally speaking," "ordinarily":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yìbān lái shuō, wō neige yuè qù kàn ta yícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yìbān lái shuō, Huáshèngdùnde chūntiān hěn shūfu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yìbān lái shuō, Zhōngguō rén zōngshi hěn kèqi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking I go see him once a month.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking, spring in Washington is very comfortable.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking, Chinese people are always polite.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This is a new use of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> for you. It is used in colloquial speech to mark a pause in the sentence, setting off the topic which precedes it (in this case, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zōngde lái shuō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">).</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige rén ba, bú shi zuò wài-Jiāoguānde cáiliào.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This guy—he isn’t foreign service officer material.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">biànhuà: "change(s)" This is only used as a noun.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shínián bú Jiàn, tā biànhuà hāo He hadn’t seen her in ten years, and dà. she had changed a great deal.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "city," "municipality" Used mostly in reference- to the official city level of government, e.g., </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dàqìng shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the city of Dàqìng," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Běijīng shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Běijīng municipality," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shi bànde</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "city-run," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánhǎi gèshěng, shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the coastal provinces and cities." </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is also used in a few set phrases like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shi zhōngxīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "center of the city," "downtown."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhōngxīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "center," "heart," "core," "hub"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Běijīng shi Zhōngguōde zhèngzhi, wénhuà zhōngxīn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guāngzhōu shi yíge shāngyè zhōngxīn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōmen hái méiyou tándao wèntíde zhōngxīn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Běijīng is the political and cultural center of China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guāngzhōu is a commercial center</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We haven’t yet touched on the core of the question.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngxīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can also be used before a noun to modify it. It then translates as "central**:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèixiē niánde zhōngxīn gōngzuò The central task now and in the shi gāo jīngji Jiànshè. coming years is to engage in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">economic construction.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Xǔduō JlngJi lìliàng bījiāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ruòd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e guójiā hān </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gānxiè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhǒngguóde bāngzhtL</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Many countries with relatively weak economies are grateful for China's help.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wǒmen yl shi yíge fāzhān zhōngde guójiā, kěshi wō-men hān gāoxìng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bang qítā </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guójiā gāo JlngJi Jiànshe</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’re still a developing country,' too, but we’re happy to help other countries in economic construction.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ruò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be weak" (people or countries)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gānxiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be grateful (for)"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguó zhèngfǔ hen gānxiè The Chinese government is very</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wàiguó zhuānjiā duì Zhōngguó- grateful for the help foreign de bāngzhu. experts give to China.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā feicháng gānxiè péngyoumen duì tāde guānxln.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Feicháng gānxiè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "to help, to assist"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bié JÍ, wS lái bāng ni.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He is very grateful for his friends’ concern.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you so much, (formal)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a less formal synonym of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bāngzhu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Take it easy, I'll help you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) "for (someone)," "as a help to (someone)"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī qù bāng wo ná xìn, hāo ma? Would you go get the mail for me, please?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bāng wō ná yíxià hāo ma? Would you please hold this for me</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">a second?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In most cases, the context will clarify whether </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is meant as "to help someone do something" or as "to do something for someone," but ambiguity may arise:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā bāng wō zuò fan.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">She helps me cook.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">OR She cooks for me.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Using </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìqī,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "together," can remove the ambiguity: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tā bāng wō yìqī zuò fan </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">can only mean "She helps me cook," meaning that the two people make dinner together; it could not possibly mean "She cooks for me."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qítā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "other," "else," "the rest"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèixiē shū wō Jiù kànle liāng- I’ve only read two of these books, běn, qítā hái méi kàn. I haven’t read the others yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī qù Shànghíi, qítā rén ne? You’re going to Shànghāi; what about the others?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī hái xiàng qù shénme qítāde dìfang, wSmen zài zuò ānpái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chúle zhèige shi zhǔyào wèntí, qíti dōu mei guānxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒ zhī Juéde bù hao yìsi, qítà méiyou shénme.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you want to go to any other places, we’11 make more arrangements.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Besides this, which is the main issue, the rest doesn’t matter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I just feel embarrassed, nothing else,.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the waiting room of Beijīng Railroad Station, an American engineer, Mr. S</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">irnma</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (a), is standing in front of the railroad map of China, trying to locate a city. Zhū Wényà (B) of the China Travel Service enters the room with a train schedule in her hand.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Sàmūsī Xiānsheng, nín yàode shí-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiānbiāo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò, xièxie, xièxie. Yōu Zhōngguō zì, yōu pīnyīn, hāojíle, nīmende gōngzuō sùdu bī yīqián kuàiduō le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: LÚxíngshède gōngzuō yě děi xiàn-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàihuà ma! Duì le, wō gāngcái Jìn-laide shihou, nín hāoxiàng zài zhāo shénme. Wō yěxu kéyi bang nín zhāoyizhāo?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: NĪ kàn, Daqing bú shi zài Hēi-lōngjiāng ma? Wō zěnme zhSole bàntiān méi zhāodào ne?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ò, nín zài biānjìngshang zhāo</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dāngrán zhāobudào le, Dàqìng zài Hēilōngjiāngde zhōngxīn, zài zhèr ne!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Òu! Zài zhèr. Zài liùshi nián-dài, qīshi niàndài, zhèr shi yíge bījiāo tèbiéde JīngJi dìqū.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín shuōde duì. Zhèige dìfang Jīngguòle chàbuduō èrshiniánde Jiànshè, fāzhānchéngle yíge yōu qīshiwàn rénkōude gōngyè chéngshì. Bāshi niándài chū yōu chénglìle Dàqìng Shì Rénmín Zhèngfū.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zài shì zhèngfūde līngdāoxià,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dàqìngde Jiànshè sùdu dàgài gèng kuài le. Zuìjìn qítǎde gōngyè yōu méiyou shénme xīnde fāzhān?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Fāzhān bījiào kuàide yào suàn méitàn gōngyè hé Jīxiè gōngyè le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Méitàn shēngchān zài Zhōngguóde zhòng gōngyèli zhàn hen zhōngyàode dìwei, Dōngběi yìzhí shi méitàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mr. Simms, the schedule you asked for.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you, thank you. It has Chinese characters and Pinyin, that’s great. You people are much faster on the Job than you used to be.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Travel Service has to modernize its work too, after all! Oh yes— Just now when I came in, you seemed to be looking for something. Perhaps I could help you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Look. Isn't Dàqìng in Hěilōngjiāng? How come I've been looking for it for so long and haven't found it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh',- of course you won't find it if you look near the border. Dàqìng is in the center of Hěilōngjiāng. Here it is!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, here it is. In the sixties and seventies this was a rather special economic region.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's right. It went through about twenty years of construction to develop into an industrial city of 700,000. Then in the early eighties they established the People's Government of the City of Dàqìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Under the leadership of the city government, Dàqìng is probably being built even faster. Has there also been growth in other industries recently?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The coal industry and the machine industry would have to be counted among the more rapidly developing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Coal production has a very important place in China's heavy industry. Manchuria has always had a very high</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chānliàng hěn gāode diqǔ.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì, Dōngběi méitàn zīyuǎn bù shāo, shi zhòngyàode kuàngqǔ. Sà-mSsī Xiānsheng, nín yìzhí hěn guǎnxīn wōmende jīngji Jiànshè a!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi a, vo shi gōngchéngshī, wō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìzhí fēichǎng zhùyì Zhōngguō jīngji Jiànshède biànhuà, wō xīwàng Zhōngguō kuài yidiānr Jiànshèchéng yíge gōngyèhuàde guōjiā.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xièxie nín. Xiànzài yōu hěn duō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">vàiguo péngyou guǎnxīn wōmende Jiànshè, wōmen shi fēichǎng gānxiè-de. Zhōngguō hǎi shi yíge hěn qiōngde guōjiā, xūyào shìjiè gèguō zhuǎnjiāmende bāngzhù.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nín tài kèqi le, nīmen gèfāng-miànde fāzhān sùdu hǎi shi xiāng-dāng kuàide. Érqiě, zhòngdiān fā-zhānde dìqǔ yě bù shào, wō xiǎng, nīmen yào zhòngdiān fāzhānde gōng-yèqǔ qīmā yōu shíge.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi, yōu shíge.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Chúle Běijīng, Tiānjīn, Shànghāi, Dàqìng yīwài, Nèiměng, Shānxī, Sichuan, zhèixiē dìfang zài zuìjìn shíniǎnli dōu hui yōu hěn dàde biànhuà, duì bu dui?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín biě wangle, wōmende yǎnhāi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yídài, zuìjìn Jīniǎn Jìnbu hěn kuài o! Tèbiē shi Guāngdōng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Guāngdōngde qīng gōngyè yizhí</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shi bú huàide.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zuìjìn, nàrde shíyōu gōngyè yě gāode xiāngdāng bú cuō, nín méiyou tīngshuō ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tīngshuō le. Wō zěnme hui vàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">le Zhōngguō hāiwānde shíyōu ne? Hǎi yōu, Yúnnǎnde tèdiān shi shénme ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">coal output.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, Manchuria has very large coal reserves. It’s an important-mining region. You've always been concerned about our economic construction, Mr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">A </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">■< Turns</span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;"> ’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. I'm an engineer, and I've always paid attention to the changes in China's economic construction. I hope China will be built into an industrialized country very soon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you. A lot of foreign friends are concerned about our construction now, and we're very grateful for it. China is still a poor country. We need help from experts of every country in the world.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You're too polite. You’re still developing quite rapidly in all areas. And furthermore, you have quite a few key development regions. I believe there are at least ten industrial regions on which you are focusing development.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, there are ten.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Besides Běijīng, Tiānjīn, Shànghāi, and Dàqìng, Inner Mongolia, Shānxī and Sichuan will all experience great changes in the next ten years, don't you think?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don't forget that our coastal regions have made rapid progress in the last ten years, especially Guāngdōng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guāngdōng's light industry has always been pretty good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Recently, their petroleum industry has been doing rather well, haven't you heard?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, of course. How could I forget China's gulf oil? And what is the distinguishing feature of Yúnnǎn?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi Jīnshǔ gōngyè.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nī kànkan, Zhǒngguóde qíngkuàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bú cuò ma! Nánfangde Jīnshǔ gōngyè fāzhānde gèng kuàl le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèi shi zhēnde. Suīrán wǒmen</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiànzàide Jìshu lìliang hái hen ruò, kěshi wǒmen yídìng děi null Jiǎkuài fāzhānde sùdu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Mei wèntí, Jīshínián yīhòude Zhōngguó yídìng kéyi biàncheng yíge JlngJi qiángguó.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xièxie nín, búguò yěxǔ xuyào gèng cháng yidiānrde shíjiān.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèi bù yídìng, yexǔ bú yào tài chángde shíjiān. Bīfang shuǒ shí-yóu ba! Yī Jiù wu ling niàn, nl-mende shíyóu chānliàng zài shìjiè-shang zhàn dìèrshiJiǔwèi, xiànzài ne, xiànzài shi dìbāwèi la!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shíyóu gōngyè tèbié yidiānr, pu-biànde lái shuǒ, wǒmen hái yǒu bù shāo wèntí, zài xǔduō fāngmian wǒmen hái dāi xué.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bú yào kèqi, bù guān shi shénme Jìshu wèntí, rúguǒ shi wǒ kéyi bāng mángde Jiù qīng gàosu wo.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tài xièxie nín le. Shàngcì nín bú shi shuǒ xiāng duō cānguān Jīge gōngyèqū ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi a, yǒu méiyou kānéng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yǒu, līngdāo zhèng zai ānpái.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nín fàngxìn ba!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tài xièxie nimen le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The metal industry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Look, China’s situation is pretty The metal industry of the south is developing even more quickly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s true. Although our technical capability is still weak, we must work hard to speed our development.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's no problem. In a few decades I’m sure China will become an economic power.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you, but perhaps it will take more time than that.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not necessarily, maybe it won’t be too long. Oil, for example. In 1950 you were twenty-ninth in the world in oil production, and now—now you’re in eighth place!-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Th’e oil industry is a little special. Generally speaking, we.still have a lot of problems. We still have to learn in a lot of areas.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don't be polite. No matter what the technical problem, if it’s something I can help with, please let me know.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you so much. Remember you said last time that you would like to visit more industrial regions?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. Does it look possible?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, ny superiors are arranging it right now. Don’t worry!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you so much.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shíjiān bù zāo le, wǒmen zhǔnbèi It’s almost time. Let’s get ready shàng chě ba! to board the train.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hāo, zǒu! All right, let’s go!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several tim^p.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this exercise, a Chinese engineer meets an American guest in the First Heavy-Duty Machine Factory in Fùlāěrjī, Hěilōngjiāng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you’ll probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions below as you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rang nín Jiu deng le I’ve kept you waiting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zSnggōngchéngshī chief engineer</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">j4</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ànl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">i to establish</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sūlián Soviet Union</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huā</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to spend, to expend</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ch&ng factory</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions -in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What does Mr. Sun write about?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. When was the factory founded?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. How much money did the government spend on the factory?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. When did Mr. Sun work there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. What prediction does Mr. Sun make about the factory?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, an American visitor talks to a young Chinese technician in his Běijīng Hotel room.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguá the People’s Republic of China</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guomín JlngJi national economy</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gēnzhe along with, in the wake of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiù ná Sichuan lái shuo take Sichuan, for example</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Why did the American visitor want to talk to the Chinese technician?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. How have light and heavy industry changed since 19^9?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What is the policy with regard to agricultural modernization?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What economic problem did Sichuan face in the seventies? Why?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This dialogue takes place in Shanghai's Industrial Exhibition Hall. An American talks to an exhibit guide about light and textile industry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You w</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ill</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fingxhl gōngyè</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">textile industry</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nílōng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nylon</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huàxiān</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">synthetic fiber</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nèidì</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">interior region (of a country)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiangsu</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(coastal province, formerly spelled Kiangsu)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What does the the exhibit guide say about the development of the textile industry?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Where did China's light industry begin?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What industry has developed in Jiāngsū province?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What does the exhibit guide say will occur in the next few years?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h3><a name="bookmark25"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark26"></a>tZ9</span></h3>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and. Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the foreign visitors’ reception room of the First Heavy-Duty Machine Factory in Fùlāěrjl, Heilongjiang, an American guest (A) is sitting on the sofa, leafing through a copy of the magazine </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">China Reconstructs</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. A Chinese engineer (B) walks in, carrying a briefcase under his arm.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duìbuql, duìbuql, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rang nín jiu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">děng le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Méi shenme, wō lèile bú dào shí-fēn zhōng. Nī Jiù shi Sun </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zōng-gōngchéngshl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō Jiù shì.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Sun Xiansheng, hěn zSo yīqián wo</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiu kànguo nínde wénzhāng, nín duì Jixiè gōngyède yáxxjiū zài guōwài shi hěn yōu míngde. Jlntiān néng kàndao nín, kàndao nlmende </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chěng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, wō hěn gāoxìng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xièxie nín. Zhèige chāng shi wūshi niándài chū </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiànlìd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nà shi Xīn Zhōngguō chénglì yīhòu bù Jiūde shì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shìde, shi zài dìyīge wǔnián Jìhuàzhōng Jiànlìde.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Sūlián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bang nimen Jiànshède ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú shi, wánquán shi Zhōngguō rénmín zìjī Jiànshède. Nèige shihou zhèngfū yōngle liùge yì lái Jiànshè zhèige chāng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Liùge yì?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Liù yì Rénmíribì. Nèige shihou, wōmen hěn qiōng, Hěilōngjiāng you shi yíge biǎnjiáng dìqū, wōmen zhēn shi lián qímāde Jìshu tiáo-Jiàn dōu méiyōu. Kěshi zhèige chāng Jiù zài Dāngde līngdǎo hé dàjiāde nūlì xià, fǎzhānqilai le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m sorry, I’m sorry, I’ve kept you waiting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s all right, I’ve been here less than ten minutes. You must be Chief Engineer Sun?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mr. Sun, I read your writings a long time ago. Your research in the machine industry is very famous abroad. I’m very happy to be able to meet you today and see the factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you. This factory of ours was founded in the early fifties.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then it wasn’t too long after New China was established.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. It was set up during the first five-year plan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Did the Soviet Union help you construct it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, it was constructed completely by the Chinese people themselves. At that time the government spent six hundred million to construct this factory.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Six hundred million?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Six hundred million People’s Currency. At that time we were very poor, and Hěilōngjiāng being a border region on top of that, we didn’t even have the minimum technical conditions. But under the leadership of the Party and with the efforts of everyone, we are developing.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tīngshuō zài wùshi niandài he liùshi niándài zhèige chǎng zài Zhǒngguóde zhòng gōngyèli zhàn hen zhòngyàode dìwei. Nèige shihou, nín zài zhèige chǎng ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zài. Cōng zhèige chǎng chénglìde</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nèi yitiǎn yìzhí dào Yī Jiu liù liù nián, wò dōu zài zhèige chǎng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yīhòu nín líkǎi le?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shìde. Yìzhí dào Yī Jiu. qī qī</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">niǎn vS cǎi huilai.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tīngshuō nèige shihou zhèige</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chǎngde mafan bù shǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Heilongjiang suīrǎn bú suàn mafan</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zuì duōde dìqū, dànshi Yī Jiù qī qī niǎnde shihou zhèige chǎngde shēng-chǎn chàbuduō shi cōng ling kāishī.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nà yào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hua</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hen dàde lìliang.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yidiānr ye bú cuò. Wǒmen huǎle</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hen dàde lìliang Jiànshè kuàngqǔ, he zhèige chǎng. Zài qítǎde wèntí shang wǒmen yě yòngle bù shǎode lìliang.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shénmeyàngde wèntí ne?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Dàjiǎde shěnghuō wèntí, bīfǎng shuǒ chī fàn wèntí, zhù fángzide wèntí shenmede.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài zěnmeyàng le?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: ZSngde lái shuǒ xiànzài dōu gǎo-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de bú cud le. Wō xiang zài guò shíniǎn, dào JiSshi niandài, wǒmen zhèige chǎng huì zài quǎnguō gōngyè shēngchǎnzhōng zhàn gèng zhòngyàode dìwei.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hǎojíle.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xiànzài wō Jiù péi nín qù cǎn-guǎn ba, wǒmen yìtiǎn zōu yìbiǎn tán, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hǎo!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understand that in the fifties and sixties this factory held an important place in China’s heavy industry. Were you here at that' time?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. I was at this factory from the day it was established up until 1966.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">And then you left?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">Right. I didn’t come back until 1977.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I hear that at that time this factory had a lot of trouble.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hēilōngjiāng wasn’t one of the regions with the most trouble, but in 1977 this factory had to start production Just about from scratch.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That must have taken a great effort.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Absolutely. We put a lot of effort into building up mining areas and this factory. We also expended a lot of effort on other problems.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What kinds of problems?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Problems of everyday living, for example eating, housing, and so on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">And how are things now?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking, things are pretty good now. I think in another ten years, by the nineties, our factory will occupy an even more important position in the nation's industrial production.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's great.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Why don't I show you around now. We can talk as we go, all right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Qīng.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American visitor (A) is reading in his room at the Beijing Hotel when a young Chinese technician (B) who has been accompanying the American's tour group knocks at the door.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kéyi jìnlai ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Qīng Jin, kuài qīng jìnlai zuò.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín zhāo wo yōu shi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yìdiānr xiāo shi, wō xiang he</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ni tantan. Wō kànle nimen zhèi-piān wenzhang, tímu shi "</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguōd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e Sánshíniàn.<sup>h </sup>WŌ xiàng Jīngguòle zhèi sānshinián-de Jiànshè, Zhōngguō jīngji shulpíng yōule hén dàde tígāo, biàn-hua zhēnshi bù xiāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Biànhuà shi bù xiāo, kěshi mùqián wōmende jīngji liliàng hái shi bī xǔduō xiānjìn guōjiā ruòde duō, hái yōu hěn duō gōngzuò yào zuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wénzhāngli shuō, cōng shěngchān-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shang kàn, Yī Jiǔ si Jiu niánde qīng zhòng gōngyè zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guōmín Jīng-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jili zhī zhàn bXifěnzhī sānshi, xiànzài yījīng zhàn báifěnzhī qī-shiwǔ. Zhèiyang fāzhānxiàqù, nōng-yè, qīng gōngyè, zhòng gōngyède guānxi zěnmeyàng ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhèiyidiān, wōmen hěn fàngxīn. Xiànzài, gSohěo Sìge Xiàndàihuà shi quánguǒ rénmínde zhōngxīn gōngzuò. Zài Sìge Xiàndàihuàli, nōngyè xiàndàihuà shi dìyījiàn dà shi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèige zhèngcè shi duide. Jin</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jīnián lái nōngyè yōule fāzhān, qīng gōngyè, zhòng gōngyè cái néng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gěnzhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> fāzhān. Nōngyè xiàndàihuà</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">May I come in?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Come in, please come in and sit down.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Was there something in particular you wanted to see me about?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Just a small matter I wanted to talk with you about. I've read that article of yours called "Thirty Years of the People's Republic of China." I think that after the last thirty years of construction, China's economic level has risen a great deal. The changes have been pretty big.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The changes are big, but at present our economic power is still much weaker than many advanced countries. We still have a lot of work to do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the article it says that from the point of view of production, in 19^9 light and heavy industry only occupied thirty percent in the national economy but now they occupy seventy-five percent. If things keep developing this way, what will happen to the relationship between agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We're not at all worried about that. Right now, doing a good Job of the Four Modernizations is the central task of the people of the whole country. In the Four Modernizations, agricultural modernization is the first big Job.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That policy is right. It has only been because there has been development in agriculture in the last few years that light and heavy industry</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark27"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark28"></a>Ml</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">slii yíge JīngJi qiángguó zuì qīmS-de tiáojiàn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì a! </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiù ná Sìchuān lái shuō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zīyuán name duō, kěshi zài qīshi niándài, gōngyè shēngchān Jiù shi shàngbuqù, hái bu shi yīnwei nóng-yè shēngchān yōu wèntí.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shì ma. Sìchuān rénkōu zài quán-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guó zhàn dìyīwèi, chī fàn wèntí shi ge dà wèntí.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jin Jīnián, Sìchuān qíngkuàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">biànhua hěn dà. Nín zhèicì yōu Jīhui qù Sìchuān ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yōu, nín ne, nín yōu méiyou shi-Jiān qù?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Līngdāo hái méi shuō, búguò wō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiāng dàgài yōu Jīhui, cóngqián wō zài Sìchuān gōngzuòguo liāngnián, yěxǔ wō kéyi gěi nīmen Jièshào Jieshao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nà tài gānxiè le. Guānyú wō gāngcái kànde nèipiān wénzhāng, wō Juéde hěn yōu yìsi, búguò chángcbáng yŌu xiāode wèntí, děi máfan nīmen.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Mei wèntí, wō hěn gāoxìng hé nín duō tántan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">have been able to develop along with it. Agricultural modernization is the minimum requirement for an economic power.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s right. Take Sìchuān, for example. It’s so full of resources, yet in-the seventies, industrial production Just couldn’t go up: again, it was on account of problems with agricultural production.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure. The population of Sìchuān is in first place in the whole country. The food problem is a big one.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In recent years there have been big changes in the situation in Sìchuān. Will you have the chance to go to Sìchuān thia trip?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, and you? Do you have the time to go?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The leadership hasn’t said yet, but I think I’ll probably have the chance. I once worked in Sìchuān for two years. Maybe I could fill you in on it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’d be so grateful if you could. About that article I Just read: I find it very interesting, but I often have little questions I have to bother you with.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s no problem. It’s my pleasure to talk with you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This conversation takes place in the Shànghāi Industrial Exhibition</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">H</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">all</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. An American (A) visiting the Hall of Light Industry and Textile Industry t</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">alks</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> with one of the exhibit guides (B).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín hái yōu shénme wèntí ma? Do you have any more questions?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yōu yíge xiào wèntí. Shànghāide I have one small question. When did</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">jīqì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fángzhī gōngyè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi shénme Shànghāi’s machine textile industry shihou kāishīde? first come into being?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hěn zāo yīqián Jiù yōule. It started a long time ago.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nàme, zhème duō nián lái, zài</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">jìshu fāngmiànde fāzhān shi bu shi hěn kuài ne?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: WS xiXng chuántōng fāngzhī gōngyè fāzhānde bú màn, kěshi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nílóng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huàxiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yílèide, fāzhānde bú gòu kuài.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō tingshuō, Zhǒngguóde qīng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyè guòqù dōu zài yánhāi, xiàng Tiānjīn, Shànghāi, Guāngdōng yídài. Xiànzài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèidìd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e qíngxíng shi bu shi biànhua yě hen dà le ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shide, gèdì qíngkuàng bù tong, búguò yōu yíge qíngkuàng shi gèdì dōu yōude.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shénme qíngkuàng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Cóngqián shi nōngyèqūde dìfang, xiànzài yōu hen duō dōu fāzhān-qilai le, yōule qīng gōngyè, yōude hái yōule zhòng gōngyè.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi a! </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāngsū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yě shi yíyàng ma,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàde Jīnshǔ gōngyè yě fāzhǎnqilai le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zài guò Jīnián hāiwān shiyou</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyè dà fāzhān, Shànghāi, Tiānjīn, Guāngdōng, Guāngxī yídài Jiù gèng rènao le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhēnde, dào nèige shihou, Shànghāi Jiu gèng piàoliang le. Wō yídìng yào zài lái cānguān.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo a! Huānyíng nín zài lái!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well, over all these years, has the technological development been very rapid?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’d say the traditional textile industry has developed rather rapidly, but such things as nylon and synthetic fibers haven’t developed fast enough.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understand that China’s light industry used to be all on the coast, for example in the region of Tiānjīn, Shànghāi, and Guāngdōng. Has the situation in the interior also changed a great deal now?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. The situation differs from place to place, but there’s one thing that’s the same everywhere.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What’s that?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A lot of places that used to be agricultural regions have now started to develop, and have light industry, or even heavy industry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes! Jiāngsū is the same. A large metal industry has developed there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In another few years the gulf oil industry will develop greatly. Then Shànghāi, Tiānjīn, Guangdong, and Guāngxī will be even busier.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Really, when that time comes, Shànghāi will be even prettier. I have to come back to visit it again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fine! You’ll be most welcome!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font10" style="font-weight:bold;">Xinjiang</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-8.png" alt="" style="width:462pt;height:494pt;">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hànytt</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hén </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fttzá</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, xuéqilai dàgài hén nǎn?!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fàngxīn ba! Wō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiǎngxìn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nl kéyi xuéde hén hǎo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngdōngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yīsīlǎnjiào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> he Xlnjiāngde Yīsīlánjiào shi bu shi hén bù yíyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi shi yíge xiǎngdǎng fuzǎde wèntí, wSmen kéyi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tǎolùn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> tǎolùn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xinjiang hé </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèidì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi shénme shíhou </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tōngyīd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ng...dìyīcì tōngyī chàbuduō shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngyuǎn qiǎn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> liùshí-niǎnde shíhou.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: Jiéfàng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhànzhēngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e shíhou, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiéfàngjūn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> jiéfàngle Xinjiang, shi bu shi?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xinjiang shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hépíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> jiéfàng-de, Jiéfàngjǔn shi sìjiǔ-niǎn dào Xinjiang qùde.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Wǔge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zìzhìqǔd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e shēnghuó qíngkuàng hé nèidì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hén duō ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ng, zhǔyào shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiǎotōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bù fǎngbiàn. Biéde shēnghuó fǎngmian </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">me</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yé </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yidiǎnr.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Tǎmen shi dào Shànghǎi qù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chù chai</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù, bú shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fang jià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le ma? Yōude </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gànbud</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e jiǎ zài Shànghài, tǎmen huí jiǎ qù kànkan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese is very complicated-. It must be very difficult to study?’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don’t worry! I’m convinced you can learn it very well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is the Islam of the Middle East very different from the Islam of Xīnjiǎng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a very difficult question. We can discuss it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When was Xinjiǎng united with the interior?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Uh...the first time they were unified was in about 60 B.C.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">During the War of Liberation, the PLA liberated Xīnjiǎng, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xīnjiǎng was peacefully liberated. The PLA went to Xīnjiǎng in 191*9.’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are living conditions in the five autonomous regions very different from those in the interior?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well, it’s mainly that transportation is difficult. As for other aspects of daily life, they’re somewhat below standard too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Did they go to Shànghǎi on business?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No. We’re on vacation now, remember? Some of the cadres’ families are in Shànghǎi, so they went home to visit.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">*The tapes for this unit incorrectly give the date as 1950. The PLA entered Xīnjiǎng in October 191*9, and the whole province was "liberated" by April 1950.</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark29"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark30"></a>MS</span></h3>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Tz! Zhèitiáo dìtSn zhěn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.* Shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wéiwúěr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dìtàn ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi. Jiù shi zài nī zuōtiān cānguānde nèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngchàng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zuò de.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! This carpet is just beautiful! Is it a Uygur carpet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. It was made in the factory you visited yesterday.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: NĪ kàn, tiān gang </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, Wéiwúěr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngmín</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiu kāishl gōngzuò le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Gèzú rénmín dōu zài dà gāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shèhuizhǔyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Look, it Just got light and the Uygur peasants have already started to work.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure, the people of all nationalities are going all out with socialism!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Tīngshuō Jīwèi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngren Jiao </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gěi zhèngfǔ Jīběn hen lǎode shǔ, nimen kànguo le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kànguo le. Dōu shi guānyú </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhōngzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wèntí, lìshī wèntlde, hen yōu yìsi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Zhèige dìqúde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xùmuyè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nàme fǎdà!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Suōyi wǒmen zài zhèr bànle hāojīge dìt&</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nch&ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Nīmende </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wénzì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nàme nán! Gào wénhuà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiáoliú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> duō bù rōngyi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shéi shuǒde, wōmende wénzì bú shi zài g&i ma? Yuè g&i yuè Ji&ndán ma!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I hear that some workers handed a few very old books over to the government. Have you seen them?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. They’re about racial and historical problems. They’re very interesting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thi*s- region’s livestock farming is so well developed!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s why we’ve set up a lot of carpet factories here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Your system of writing is so hard! It makes cultural exchange so difficult!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Says who! Aren’t we changing our writing? The more we change it the simpler it is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on tape)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12. biānJiang</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">border area; borderland; frontier; frontier region</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">biānjiāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">border area; borderland; drontier; frontier region</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to differ; to be inferior, to be poor, to be not up to standard</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chàng chū chai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">factory, plant</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to go away on business</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fang Jià fùzá (fǔzá)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to have vacation to be complicated</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gànbu gōngchàng gōngren gongyuan gōngyuánhòu gōngyuánqián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cadre</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">factory, mill, plant, works worker</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the common era; Á.D.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A.D.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B.C.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hànyǔ hépíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Chinese language peace; to be peaceful</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiāo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-Jiao Jiāoliú Jiāotōng Jiěfàngjūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to hand over, to give religion, church (bound form) to exchange; exchange</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">traffic; transportation; travel (People’s) Liberation Army, P.L.A.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">liàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be light, to be bright</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">me (ma) měi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(pause marker) to be beautiful</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nèidì nóngmín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">interior (of a country) peasant</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shāmò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">desert</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tSolùn tian liàng tSngyī Tz!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to discuss daybreak, dawn; to become light to unite, to unify</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tsk (clicking sound with several different uses: disappointment, admiration, hesitation, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Weiwúěr wénzì xiāngxín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Uygur (Uighur) nationality writing, script</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to believe (in); to trust, to be convinced (that)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xùnruyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">livestock farming, animal husbandry</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yīsīlánjiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Islamic religion, Islam</span></p>
- <p><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;">147</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhànzhēng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhejiang (Zhejiang)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">war</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(province in eastern China, formerly spelled Chekiang)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhongdong zhSngzú -zhuyì zìzhìqū -zú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Middle East</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">race</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-ism, principle (bound form) autonomous region nationality (bound form)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hànyu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hén </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fùzá</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, xuéqilai dàgài hén nan?!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Fàngxìn ba! Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xlāngxìn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ni kéyi xuéde hen hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese is very complicated. It must be very difficult to study?!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don’t worry! I’m convinced you can'learn it very well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hànyǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ’’Chinese language" This</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shuǒ Zhōngguó huà bú tài nán, keshi yào xuéh&o Hànyú Jiu biJiào nán le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒ lilngdiln zhǒng yǒu Hànyǔ kè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fúzá</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be complicated, to be</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nà shi yíge fuzáde wèntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xlāngxìn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "to believe in, t</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā xlāngxìn yíge hān qíguàide zōngjlào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒ bù xlāngxìn.'</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yiqián rénmen bù xlāngxìn zhèi-zhǒng shuōfS, xiànzài xiāng-xìn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) (as used In IB) "to be convinced,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒ xlāngxìn tā yídìng zuòde hāo.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12">s is more formal than </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǒngwén</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It isn't too hard to speak Chinese, but if you want to master the Chinese language, it is more difficult.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I have Chinese class at two.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">*e complex" Also pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fùzá</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's a complicated question.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to have faith in"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He believes in a very strange religion.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don’t believe it!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">People didn't used to believe in this explanation, but now they do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">., to be certain, to trust that..."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m certain that he will do a good Job.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ZhSngdǒngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ylsllánjiào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hé Xlnjlāngde Ylsllánjiào shi bu shi hen bù yíyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhèi shi yíge xiāngdāng fttzáde wèntí, wǒmen kéyi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">t&olùn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> t&olùn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is the Islam of the Middle East very different from the Islam of Xinjiang?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a very difficult question. We can discuss it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhǒngdǒng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the Middle East"</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark31"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark32"></a>W9</span></h3>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhǒngdSng dìqū yōu hàn duō guōjii. dōu dúlì le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Middle East region has many countries vhich have become independent.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yíallánjiàa: "Islam” -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiao</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "religion," goes on the end of words for. different religions. The following examples are for comparison, not for memorisation:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tiānzhūjiào</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Catholicism</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">("heaven-lord-religion") XīnJ iào ("New-religion") Yōutàijiào Fōjiào DàoJiào</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Protestantism</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Judaism Buddhism Taoism (the popular religion, not</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the philosophy)</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xlnjiàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, formerly known as Sinkiang or Chinese Turkestan, is China's westernmost area. The largest of the country's autonomous regions and provinces, Xinjiang makes up one sixth of China's total area. In this vast land of great natural beauty and sharp geographical contrasts, plentiful resources make conditions ideal for the development of industry, agriculture, and livestock farming.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xinjiang has held an important place in China's politics and economy since ancient times. In the days before the large-scale navigation of the seas, Xinjiang was crossed by the famous "Silk Road," by which economic and cultural ties were maintained between China and other Asian and European countries. During the Western Hàn period over two thousand years ago, incursions by the Xiōngnú (Hsiungnu) led the Chinese central govern</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">me</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nt to a policy of occupying the oasis cities of southern Xinjiang as garrison posts. Xinjiang has been intimately connected with China ever since that time, although their relations have often been turbulent. The Qlng dynasty made a province of Xinjiang (the name means "the New Dominion") in 188b. From the Chinese revolution in 1911 until 19^9, Xinjiang remained under authoritarian Chinese control at the same time that local nationalist forces were also at work. Communist Chinese forces "liberated" Xinjiang from late 19^9 until the spring of 1950. Xinjiang became an autonomous region on October 1, 1955.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xinjiang is surrounded by mountains: the Altay in the north; the Kunlun in the south and vest; and the Tianshan Range, over 200 kilometers wide, which cuts across the center from east to west. Between these mountain ranges cure basins of varying sizes. Southern Xinjiang has the Tarim Basin and northern Xinjiang the Deungarian Basin. In addition there are smaller basins such as the </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">RagH</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and Turf an Basins. All cure well-suited to agriculture and livestock farming. Xīnjiing fine-wool sheep and Yllí horses are famous throughout China. Despite a harsh seven-month winter, the north has its herdsmen who put their horses and sheep to graze on the wide grasslands for the brief summer. In the arid south, too, livestock herding is a major occupation. In agricultural areas, the dry climate makes irrigation indispensable; a full ninety percent of Xinjiang's farmland is irrigated. The areas around Turpan and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Um*</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> are famous for their "karez" (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kànrjing</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) irrigation, a system for conveying water from sources under mountain slopes to farmland by means of man-made underground ch</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ann</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">el a. Crops include winter and spring wheat, cotton,</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark33"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark34"></a>iSŌ</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">com, rice and. silkworms. But Xīnjiǎng is most celebrated for its fruits— cantaloupe, melons (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hǎmìguǎ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) from Shànshàn and seedless grapes from Turpan are available-in season in Bǎijīng's markets. The Tiānshān and Altay Mountains, covered with evergreen forests, are rich in wildlife and in precious herbs which go-into the making of Chinese medicines. Xīnjiǎng has important deposits of petroleum (especially at Karamay C</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Kèlǎmǎyīl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">), coal, iron, gold, Jade, and uranium (in the Altay Mountains). The main industries are petroleum, metallurgy, coal, electric power, chemicals, construction materials, textiles, and sugar refining.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">About half the population of Xīnjiǎng is of the Uygur (Uighur) nationality (see the note on </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wéiwúǎr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "Uygur,” under number 7), and over forty percent are Hàn Chinese. The rest of the population belongs to one of these ethnic groups: Kazak (Kazakh), Hui (Chinese Moslem), Mongol, Kergez (Kirghiz), Xibo (Sibo), Tajik (Tadzhik), Uzbek, Manchu, Daur (Tahur), and Tartar (Tatar). There are also several hundred Russians. In the north of Xīnjiǎng there is a Hàn majority, and in the south, a Uygur majority. The capital Ōrūmqi (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wúlúmùqí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">), with a population of 800,000 (1980, est.), is the region's center for industry, commerce, and transportation. Xīnjiǎng University in (Jrūmqi has departments of Chinese, government, history, foreign languages, math, physics, chemistry, biology, and geography. Kashgar (Chinese </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Kǎshi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">). ancient gateway of the silk trade, is still a commercial and craft center. Kuldja (Chinese </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yīníng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) is a commercial center which produces leather and tobacco, and also has metallurgical and textile industry. Other cities of note are Kuytun (Chinese </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Kuítún</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">). Hotan (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hétìǎn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">). Shíhézi, and Yarkand (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shǎchē</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tǎolùn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: A verb, ”to discuss,” or a noun, ’’discussion.”</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rénmen chǎngchǎng tǎolùn shì-Jièshang yìxiē ySu yìside wèntí, kǎshi shéi yǎ bù zhī-dào zhèizhSng tǎolùn ySu shénme yòng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèige rén bú ài shuō huà, cSnglǎi bù cǎnjiǎ tǎolùn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tǎolùnhuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ("discussion-meeting”) is a</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">People often discuss some very inter esting questions about the world, but no one knows of what use this kind of discussion is.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That person doesn't like to talk. He never takes part in discussion.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">symposium.”</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Xīnjiǎng hǎ </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèidì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi shǎnme shíhou </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tōngyīd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B*. Ng...dìyīcì tSngyī chàbuduǒ shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gǒngyuǎn qiǎn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> liùshí-niánde shíhou.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When was Xīnjiǎng united with the interior?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Uh...the first time they were unified was in about 60 B.C.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèidì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ”the intericr" of a country; modifying a noun, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèidì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be translated as "inland." e.g., </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèidì chéngshì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "inland city.”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">From the point of view of Xīnjiǎng, a border region, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèidì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> refers to China proper; but from the point of view of Bǎijīr.g, Shànghǎi, or Guǎngzhōu,</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark35"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark36"></a>I SI</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèidì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> refers to inland regions such as Sichuan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguó dàbùfen nèidì chéng- In most inland cities of China, shìde g</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ōn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gyè meiyou yánhài industry is not as developed as</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chengshìde nàme fādá. in the coastal cities.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tōngyl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: As a process verb, ’’to become united’’:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yuènán xiànzài tōngyī le. Vietnam has nov been united.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As an action verb, ”to unite, to unify, to integrate”:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qin Shīhuáng tōngyīle Zhōngguó. Qin Shīhuáng united China.*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngyuán qián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ”A.D.” and ”B.C.” Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is ’’commonera”<sup>-</sup>and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngyuán qián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "before the common era.’’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyuán qián èrbàièrshièmián 222 B.C.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyuán sìb&isānshiliùnián A.D. U36</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngyuán chū the beginning of the Christian era</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: Jiáfàng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhànzhěngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e shihou, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jièfàngjūn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> jilfàngle Xinjiang, shi bu shi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xinjiang shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hépíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiěfàng-de, Jiáfàngjūn shi sìjiú-nián dào Xinjiang qùde.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dur.ing the War of Liberation, the FLA liberated Xinjiang, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xinjiang was peacefully liberated The FLA went to Xinjiang in 19^9.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fàngjūn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "the Liberation Army," short for </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngguó Renmin JièfàngJūn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, which in English is usually called the FLA.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hepíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "peace" (For the first example, you need to know </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yg</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, a formal word for "and.")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhànzhēng ytt Heping</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi yìběn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">War and Peace</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is a very good novel. h?n hlode xiáoshuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shìjiè hépíngde wèntí shi gèguó World peace is a question of concern rénmín guānxlnde wèntí. to the people of all nations.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In some idioms, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hépíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be used to modify a noun or a verb. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hépíng Jiéfàng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"peacefully liberate," is an example.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">’in 221 B.C.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Wuge zìzhìaūde shěnghuō qíngkuàng he nèidì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hSa duō ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:- Ngj zhūyào shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāotōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bù fāngbiàn. Biéde shěnghuō fāngmian me, yě </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yidiānr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zìzhìqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "autonomous region"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguō dàlù yōu wǔge zìzhìqū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zìzhìqūde rénmín dàbùfen shi shěoshù mínzú.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) (as used in 5A) "to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Beijīng shíjiān gēn Nlǔ Yuē shíjiān chà shísānge zhōngtōu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) (as used in 5B) "to be inferior, to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōde Hànytt fāyīn bī tāde fāyīn chà yidiǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhìliàng chà yidián, bú shi wōmende zérèn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèige dìfangde qíngkuàng bl zhèr chàde duo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōmende gōngzuō hái chàde yuán ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(3) "to lack"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bú gòtt, hái chà sānge.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are living conditions in the five autonomous regions very different from those in the interior?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well, it’s mainly that transportation is difficult. As for other aspects of daily life, they’re somewhat below standard too.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Chinese mainland has five autonomous regions.<a name="footnote2"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark37">2</a></sup></span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The people of the autonomous regions are mostly minority nationalities.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">differ," as in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Běijīng time and New York time differ by thirteen hours.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">be poor, to be not up to standard":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">My Chinese pronunciation is a little worse than his.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s not our responsibility that the quality is inferior.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Conditions in that place are much worse than here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our work is a long way from what it should be.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There aren’t enough. There are still three too few.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the the the the the</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Inner Mongolia (or Nel Monggol) AR</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Níngxià Hui AR</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xinjiang Uygur AR</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guángxī Zhuàng AR Tibet AR</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiǎotǒng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "traffic,” "transportation"</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèlide jilotǒng bù ānquan, qìchē tii duǒ, kiide tài kuài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qing nl zhǎo yíge jiǎotǒng jīngchá lái.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The traffic here isn’t safe. There are too many cars, and they go too fast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Please go get a traffic officer.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhūyào shi...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "it’s mainly that...," or "it’s mainly because..."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhuyào shi Zhōngguōde līngdǎo It’s mainly because China's leaders</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rén bù dǒng Jīngji, gōngyè do not understand economics that</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fāzhān cái nàme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">man</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. industrial development has been</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">so slov.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(also pronounced ma): "as for," "...well,, pause and sets off the topic of a sentence, is hesitating about exactly what to comment</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">me </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">marks a speaker</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā zài wénxué fǎngmiàn me... kéyi shuo hén bú cuò, kǎshi shùxué fǎngmiàn kǎ zhěn chà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguōde zhòng gongyè Jiànshè me...zhèi jīnián hái suàn kéyi le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">RúguS tā bú yuànyì me, nà Jiù suàn le.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. This colloquial word It is often used when the on the topic.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In the area of literature...he can be said to be quite good, but he's really poor in mathematics.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As for China's heavy industrial construction...it has not been too bad the past few years.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If he’s unwilling, well, then let the matter drop.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Tǎmen shi dào Shànghǎi qù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chū chǎi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù, bú shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fàng Jià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le ma? Yōude </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gànbud</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e Jiǎ zài Shànghǎi, tǎmen huí jiǎ qù kànkan.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Did they go to Shànghǎi on business?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No. We're on vacation now, remember? Some of the cadres' families are in Shànghǎi, so they went home to visit.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chù chǎi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to go/be away on official business" (For this example, you need to know </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Sū-Háng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. an abbreviation for Sūzhǒu and Hángzhǒu.)</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dàjiā dǒu xīhuan chù chǎi qù Sǔ-Háng yídài, kéyi duo yixie jīhui yǒulǎn.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Everyone likes to go on business to the Sǔzhǒu-Hángzhōu region, (because) one can have more opportunities to do sightseeing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fàng jià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to let out for vacation" or "to have vacation, to be on vacation" Here are examples of the first meaning:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nimen xuéxiào nǎitiān fàng jià? What day does your school let out for vacation?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fing jià le, ni zānme hái qù shàng bǎn?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Vacation has started; why are you still going to work?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are examples referring to the state of being on vacation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige llbài wSmen zài fang jià This week we are on vacation, ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fàng jiàde shihou wSmen cái néng We can only he together when we are zài yìqī. on vacation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The length of time the vacation lasts is expressed by a time phrase modifying the object </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qùnián wSmen fàngle sǎnge 11- Last year we had three weeks of bàide jià, jīnnián zhi fàng vacation, but this year we only</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">liāngge llbài. have two weeks.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shíyuè yīhào, xuéxiào fàng Schools have one day of vacation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìtiǎn jià. on October 1.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú shi...ma?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This has both a literal and a rhetorical use. In 6B you see the rhetorical use.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(1) Literal use: "isn’t...?, don’t...?," etc.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) Rhetorical use: "you know, you will recall, remember" Use this to remind the listener of a fact you know he is aware of (although he may have forgotten it).</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Contrast the literal and rhetorical use</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">LITERAL: Ni bú shi ySu yíge mèimei</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài Shànghǎi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">RHETORICAL: WS bú shi ySu yíge mèimei zài Shànghǎi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Further examples:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(LITERAL)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni bú shi shuǒ yào qù ma? Zānme ySu bú qù le ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(RHETORICAL)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WS bú shi yijìng xiewánle ma? Wèishénme hái ràng wo xie?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">of this pattern:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don’t you have a younger sister</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">in Shànghǎi? (CHECKING INFORMATION)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You’ll recall that I have a younger</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sister in Shànghǎi. (REMINDING)</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Didn’t you say you were going to go? How come you aren’t going now?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve finished writing it, you know. Why do you still want me to write?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 bú shi gēn nl shuǒguo ma? W8 xiàvú yào kāi huì, méi shíjiān.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Haven’t I told you? I have a meeting this afternoon and don’t have time.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiale diàntl, wàng you z3u, bú shi y8u ge canting ma? WSmen jiù zài nàr Jiàn mi an, h&o bu h&o?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When you get off the elevator and go to the right, there’s a restaurant, you know? We’ll meet there, okay?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bú shi ma?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> may also be put onto the end of a sentence:</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wímen fàng jià le, bú shi ma?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’re on vacation, remember?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Tz! Zhèitiío dìt&n zhēn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">! Shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wéiwúēr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dìt&n ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì. Jiù shi zài nl zuótiān cānguānde nèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">g5ngch&ng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zuùde.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! This carpet is Just beautiful! Is it a Uygur carpet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. It was made in the factory you visited yesterday.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tz!</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This sound is just like the clicking of the tongue sometimes written in English as ”Tsk.” As in English, it can.be used to express disappointment or chiding, but in Chinese it can also be used to express admiration, as when describing a beautiful house, a dish of food, or a smartly dressed person.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be beautiful”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xià dà xué le, nl kàn wàibian It has snowed a lot. Look at how du6 m?i. beautiful it is outside.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhàopiànshang tā zhēn méi. She looks beautiful in the photograph.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wéiwú&r</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: The Uygur, or Uighur, a Turkic people who, with a population of six million, constitute one of China's largest national minorities. Their early history, like that of other peoples of central Asia, is unrecorded. Some scholars have hypothesized that their origins were Indo-European rather than Turkic. At any rate, they emerge into the light of history in the T&ng dynasty. At that time, they were a nomadic people well known to the Chinese; in fact, they helped the T&ng overthrow a hostile Turkic empire in Mongolia in 7UU. The Uygurs, in turn, established an empire in the area, but this lasted only until 8U0, when the wild Kergez sacked their capital and killed their khan. A portion of their population then migrated westward to the oases of the Tarim Basin. There, they mixed with the local Turkic population, and although the Uygur racial strain dominated, they adopted the Turkic language and no longer called themselves Uygurs. Gradually, their occupation shifted from nomadic herding to farming. The resulting stability allowed a great development in their literature and arts, especially song and dance. In the tenth century, closer contact with merchants, travelers, and settlers from the Middle East stimulated their conversion to Islam, a process which took several centuries to complete.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Modern times have witnessed the emergence of Uygur nationalism, reflected in their official readoption of the historical name "Uygur" earlier in this century. Uygur leaders have often resisted control by outside powers, and even attempted to establish an independent republic in the region. Under Chinese authority today, the Uygurs, who remain for the most part a farming people living and marrying within the village unit, have a limited degree of regional autonomy and are guaranteed cultural freedom and linguistic rights by the PRC Constitution.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Nl kin, tian gang </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, Wéiwúēr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngmín</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> jiu kàisht gōngzuò le.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Gèzú rénmín dōu zài dà g&o </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shèhuizhuyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Look, it just got light and the Uygur peasants have already started to work.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure, the people of all nationalities are going all out with socialism!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be bright, to be light" or "to be shiny"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige dēng bú liàng le. This light won't go' on.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nlde xīn chēzi zhēn liàng a! Your new car is really shiny!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tian liàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "to get light out" or "daybreak, dawn":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tian liàng yihòu, jiēshang jiu After it got light out, the streets rè'naoqilai le. started to liven up.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tian liàng yiqián néng dào ma? Can we get there before dawn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gang..♦jiù.♦.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "just (hardly)...and already..."</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tá gang dàxué bìyè Jiù dào XTbēi qù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige háizi gang lái Méiguō sānge yuè, jiù hui shuō bù shlo Yíngwén le.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige xuéqī gang kāishī, wōmen Jiù Juéde hàoxiàng guòle hén cháng shíjiān le.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He went to the Northwest when he had just graduated from college.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It has been barely three months since this child name to the U.S., and already she can speak a lot of English.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The semester had barely started when ve felt as if a long time had already passed.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngmín</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "peasant," as contrasted with non-ideological terms like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngfū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "farmer," or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngyè gōngren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "agricultural worker."</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguōde nōngmín zhàn quánguǒ rénkōude b&ifěnzhī bǎshí.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China's peasants make up 80 percent of the population of the whole country.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-zú: "nationality," as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Weiwúàrzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the Uygur nationality," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hànzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the Han nationality," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ménggǔzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "the Monggol (Mongolian) nationality."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhǔyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "doctrine" or "-ism," as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gǒngchànzhǔyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Communism";</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hépíngzhfrn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "pacifism"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mínzúzhǔyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "nationalism"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Déīrwénzhǔyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Darwinism."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dà gio shèhuizhǔyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "go all out with socialism; engage in socialism in a big way" The adjectival verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dà</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "to be large," is used here as an adverb. CAdverbs modify verbs or other adverbs.1 When so used, it means "in a big way" or "go all out with (doing something)":</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiēhūnde shihou y? bú yào dà chī dà he.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"Dà Bàn Nōngyè."</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Even when one gets married, one shouldn’t put on a great feast</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"Make Great Efforts to Develop Agriculture." (slogan)</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Tīngshuō jlwèi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngren jiao </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">g?i zhèngfǔ Jthen hàn llode shǔ, nimen kànguo le ma?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kànguo le. Dǒu shi guānyú </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhǒngzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wèntí, lìshī wèntíde, hàn yǒu yìsi.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I hear that some workers handed a few very old books over to the government. Have you seen them?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. They’re about racial and historical problems. They’re very interesting.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gongren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This is the general term for "worker" in the sense of a wageearning laborer. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gǒngzuǒzhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, which you learned in Unit U, does not imply manual labor; it simply means someone who works in a particular field, such as education or archeology.) Examples: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shíyōu gōngren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "oil worker"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngyè gōngren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "agricultural worker," for example, a wage-earning worker on a state farm; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tiàlǔ gōngren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "railroad worker."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiao</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to hand over, to give" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiao qián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is "to pay" (a fee or bill, especially one which is due regularly).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒ hái méi Jiào zhèige yuède I haven’t paid this month’s rent féngzū. yet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiào gài wǒmen ba! Nī fàngxīn Leave it to us! Don’t worry about hlo le! it! (Here </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> refers to turning</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">over a task to someone.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhǒngzú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "race" or "racial" Examples’ are </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Huángzhǒngrén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "people of the yellow (Oriental) race," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hěizhǒngrén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "people of the black race," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Báizhǒng-rén,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "people of the white race?’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Zhèige diqūde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xùmuyè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nàme This region’s livestock farming fidá! is so well developedI</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Sufiyi w&nen zài zhèr bànle That’s why we’ve set up a lot of blojlge dìtā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nchāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. carpet factories here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Su6yi . . .</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> : Notice that when </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">stressed</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> at the beginning of a sentence, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">suéyi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is translated as ’’That’s why . . . ."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chAng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gSngchāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">GSngchāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> (introduced in No. 7 above) is the generic term for a factory or plant. If you were talking about the installations in an area and wanted to say that there were schools, factories, and hospitals, you would use </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gSngchāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Chāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. on the other hand, is only used in specific contexts. If you are talking about a specific factory, you can say </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chXnglī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> for "in the factory." A worker can say </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wSmen chāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> for "our fac-toryT” You can also use </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in certain compound nouns which specify what the factory makes, as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dìtānchāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Nlmende </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wénzì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> name nén!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gio wénhuà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiāoliú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> du6 bù rúngyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shéi shuōde, wSmende wénzì bú shi zài gāi ma? Yuè gāi yuè jiíndān ma!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Your system of writing is so hard! It makes cultural exchange so difficult!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Says who! Aren’t we changing our writing? The more we change it the simpler it is.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wénzì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "writing," "written language," "script," "system of writing" For example, a member of China’s Committee for Reform of the Written Language would be a </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wénzì gSngzuSzhé.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "written language worker."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāoliú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to exchange" or "an exchange," "interchange" This is only used to refer to a back-and-forth flow of culture, technology, experience, thought, and so forth. "To exchange" one thing for another is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Cor </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">.1 iāohuàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in formal contexts such as the exchange of views or of prisoners!.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shéi shuSde</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "Says who!" This is strictly informal and could be taken as impolite if used in an inappropriate context.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài gāi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "in the process of changing"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú shi . . . ma?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This is another example of the rhetorical use of this pattern (see the Notes on No. 6): "We’re changing our writing, aren’t we?!"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">12. biānjiing</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">border area; borderland; frontier; frontier region</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">biānjiāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "frontier region, border region" This refers to the area inside the border. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Biǎn.1 iè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> refers more specifically to the border or boundary itself.</span></p>
- <h3><a name="bookmark38"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark39"></a>!(>O</span></h3>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In a soft berth car on the express train from Beijīng to Orúmqi (Wūlǔ-mùqí) in the Xīnjiǎng Uygur Autonomous Region, an American ethnologist, Gail Griffith (G), is standing in the corridor looking out the window at the passing scenery. Lí Ming (L), a cadre in the Ministry of Foreign Trade, steps out of the neighboring compartment, a glass of tea in his hand.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Zǎoshang hǎo!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Zǎoshang hǎo! Nín guìxìng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Wō xing LÍ, zài Beijīng wō Jiàn-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guo nín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Zài Bǎijīng? Shénme dìfangr?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Qīyuè sìhào wǎnshang, zài Měigué</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dàshiguǎn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: À! Qīyuè sihào, nèitiān yōu nàme duō rén, wō bú jìde le. Nín zài nǎr gōngzuò a?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Wàimàobù. Nèitiān, Wàimàobùde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gànbu qùle bù shǎo, nín bú hui Jide le. Wō hǎoxiàng Jìde nín shi gǎo yúyánxuéde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Bù zhī shi yǔyánxué, wō hái yán-Jiū mínzú wèntí, zhōngzú wèntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: O’. Dào Xīnjiǎng qù yánjiū mínzú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wèntí ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Bù, wō shi xiǎng duō liǎojiě</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yidiǎnr Wéiwúer wénhuà hé Zhōng-dōng wénhuàde guǎnxi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Ò! Zhèi kǎ shi yíge fǔzáde wèntí, wō bú shi lìshī xuéjiā, guǎnyú zhèige ne, wō zhīdaode bú tài duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Nīmen zōng bī wōmen zhīdaode duō,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiù qīng nín JiǎngJiang ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Wō zhīdao cōngqián Wéiwúer rén yòngde wénzì shi Zhōngdóngde, yìzhí dào xiànzài, zài Xīnjiǎng Wéiwúer Zìzhìqūde xuéxiàoli háishi Jiao Wéiwúěrwén.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good morning!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good morning! May I ask your name?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">My name is LÍ. I met you in Beijīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In Běijīng? Where?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">On the evening of July fourth, at the American Embassy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! July fourth. There were so many people that day, I don’t remember. Where do you work?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Ministry of Foreign Trade. That day, a lot of cadres from the Ministry of Foreign Trade went; you wouldn’t remember. I seem to remember that you are in linguistics.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not only linguistics. I also study national and racial issues.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh! Are you going to Xīnjiǎng to do research on nationalities?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No. I want to get a better understanding of the relationship between Uygur culture and Chinese culture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh! That’s certainly a complex question. I’m not a historian. On that topic...I don’t know very much.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But you know more than we do, in any case, so please tell me about it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I know that the writing which the Uygurs used to use was Middle Eastern. Even now, they still teach the Uygur language in the schools in the Xīn-Jiāng Uygur Autonomous Region.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Name yōu duōshāo Wéiwúěr rén d3ng Hànyǔ net</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Dàgài bú </span><span class="font17" style="font-weight:bold;">die. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bāifēnzhl èrshí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Ng, ben yōu yìsi, nàme zhèngfǔ zài zìzhìqūde zhèngcè he nèidì hen bù tóng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Wéiwúěr rén dabùfen xiāngxìn Yī-sīlán jiào. Zhōngguó yě shi zōng-jiào zìyóude guojiā, suōyl zài zhèngcèshang huì yōu yìxiě hé nèidì bù tóngde bànfā.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Ng, wǒmen zài hui dào wénzì wèntí shang hāo bu hāo?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Hāo </span><span class="font17" style="font-weight:bold;">a!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then how many Uygurs understand Chinese?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Probably fewer than twenty percent.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hm, very interesting. Then is the government’s policy in the autonomous region very different from in the interior?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Most Uygurs believe in Islam. China is a country with freedom of religion, too. So in the area of policy, some ways of doing things are different from in the interior.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm. Could we go back to the question of the writing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Tīngshuō xiànzài Wéiwúěrwén yōule</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xīn wénzì le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Yōu, xīn wénzì shi Yī jiu qī wu ' nián kāishi yōngde. Zhèizhǒng xīn wénzì xiěqilai bījiào róngyi, cóng nèidì lái Xinjiangde rén xuéqilai yě róngyide duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Yōule xīn wénzì yīhèu Wéiwúěrzǔ rén juéde zěnmeyàng? Tāmen hěn gāoxìng ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Zhōngguó shi yíge duō mínzúde shèhuizhuyì dà jiātíng, Wéiwúěr rénmín yě shi yào tōngyīde ma! Yōule xīn wénzì, Hànzú hé shāoshù mínzúde wénhuà jiāoliú yě róngyì-duō le ma!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understand that the Uygur language now has a new orthography.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, the new orthography began to be used in 1975. It’s easier to write, and for people who come to Xīnjiāng from the interior, it’s much easier to learn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What do the Uygur people think now that they have the new orthography? Are they very happy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China is a socialist family of many nations. The Uygurs want to be unified, too! With the new orthography, cultural exchange between the Hans and the minority nationalities has also become much easier!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Ni shuōde yōu dàolī. Duì le, nī kě bu kéyi gàbsu wō Xīnjiāng rén-kōude qíngkuàng?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You are right. Oh yes-can you tell me about the population of Xīnjiāng?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Xiànzài Xīnjiāng yōu JiǔbSiwàn rén zuōyōu, yīhōu huì gèng duō.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xīnjiāng now has approximately nine million people, and there will be even more in the future.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Shāoshù mínzú y3u duōshāo ne? How many of that number are minority</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nationalities?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Chàbuduō q lb Si duō wàn, érciě zhèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Somewhere over seven million. And</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qībāiduō wan rénlī yōu shísānge mínzú<</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: òu. . Xinjiang shāoshù mínzú gēn Hànzúde Jiāoliú yōu duō Jiù le?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Xinjiang diqū he nèidìde JingJi Jiāoliú yījīng yōu Jīqiānniánde lìshī le, yong wénzì xiěxiàláide JīngJi wénhuà Jiāoliú shi cong gōngyuán qián liùbāi nian zuō-yòu kāishīde. Gōngyuán qián liù-shí nian Jīngguò Jīcì zhànzhēng yīhòu Xīnjiāng hé nèidi tōngyī le, wénhuà, yìshude Jiāoliú ye Jiu yuè lái yuè duō le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Wō tīngshuǒ Jiěfàng yīhòu yōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hěn duō rén ban dao Xīnjiāng lái zhù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: XI Jiu wǔ ling nián, Xīnjiāng hé-píng Jiěfàng. Jiěfàngjūn dàole zhèli yīhòu Jiù hé zhèige dìfangde nōngmín yìqī gSo JīngJi Jiànshè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">XI Jiu liù èr nián yīhòu měinián dōu yōu hěn duō niánqīng rén dào zhèli lái, nèi shihou biānjlāngde shēnghuó bī nèidi chàde duō, xiànzài Jiànshède bú cuò le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Nàme zhèixiē Jiànshè biānjlāngde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">niánqīng rén dōu shi cōng nār láide ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Duōbànr shi Tianjin, Běijīng,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shànghāi, Zhéjiāngde qīngnián.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Tǎmen hái kéyi hui dà chéngshì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Xiànsàl Jiāotōng fāngbiàn, fàng-Jiàde shihou tǎmen kéyi hui lāojiā kànkan. Duobànrde niánqīng rén zài zhèli Jiēle hūn, yōule háizi tǎmen yījīng shi Xīnjiāng rén le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Tǎmen zài zhèli zuò shénme? Jiù gāo nōngyè ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">among these seven million people there are thirteen nationalities.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh. How long has there been interchange between the minority nationalities of Xīnjiāng and the Han people?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Economic interchange between the Xīnjiāng region and the interior has been going on for several thousand years. Economic and cultural interchange which was put down in writing began around 600 B.C. In ŌO B.C., after several wars, Xīnjiāng was united with the interior, and there began to be more and more cultural and artistic interchange.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understand that many people have moved to Xīnjiāng since liberation.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In 1950, Xīnjiāng was peacefully liberated. After the PLA arrived here, they carried on economic construction with the peasants. Since 19Ō2, every year, a lot of young people have come here. Back then, life in the border region was much worse than in the interior; but now, construction has been pretty well carried out.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">And where have all these young people who are carrying on the construction of the borderlands come from?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Most of them are youth from Tiānjīn, Běijīng, Shànghāi, and Zhéjiāng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Can they still go back to the big cities?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Now, transportation is convenient, so when they have vacation, they can go back to visit their original home. Most of the.young people have married here and have children; they have already become Xīnjiāng natives!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What do they do here? Just farming?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L; Ò! BÙ dǒu shi gio nōngyè. Yě yōude ahi gōngren, yě yōude gào wénhuà jiàoyu gōngzuò, hái yōude gio xùmuyè.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Duì le, suīrán Xīnjiǎng yōu hěn dàde ahǎmò, kěshi xùmuyè hái shi hěn fǎdáde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: NĪ Jiànguo Xīnjiǎngde dìtǎn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">meiyou?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Zài zhànlànhuìshang Jiànguo. Tz!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhen mei! Duō měide dìtin!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Měinián Xīnjiǎng dìqǔ Jiǎo gěi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guójiǎ bù shào dìtin. Tǎmende shēngchàn qíngkuàng bú cuò, shù-liang bù shio, zhìliàng yě hěn gāo, wàiguo pengyou hěn xīhuan mil.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: À! Wō zhīdao le, nì shi dào Xīnjiǎng qu chūchǎide ba!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Duì le. Qù he Jìge dìtinching tǎolùn míngniǎnde shēngchàn Jìhuà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Zhèixiē dìtànchàng kě bu kéyi cānguān na?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Zěnme bù kéyi? Huǎnyíng huān-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yíng! Nín hé LÙxíngshè tányitán, tǎmen hui ǎnpaide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Duìbuqì, nīde biio xiànzài Jìdiàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">le? Wōde biio hàoxiàng kuài le ma.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: ZhōngwS shfàrdiàa.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Wō zěnme Juěde tiǎn liàngle bù Jiù a.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Nín bié wàng le, zhèrde shíjiǎn hé Běijīng chà sìge zhōngtóu ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Zěnme chà sìge zhǒngtǒu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ohj not all of then. Some are workers, some do cultural and educational work, and some do livestock farming.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, yes; although Xīnjiǎng has a big desert, livestock farming is still very well developed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you ever seen Xīnjiǎng carpets?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At an exhibition. Gee! They’re really beautiful! Such beautiful carpets!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Every year the Xīnjiǎng region hands over quite a few carpets to the state. They are doing well in production; they produce quite a number of carpets, and the quality is also very high. Foreign friends love to buy them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ah! Now I know: I bet you’re going to Xīnjiǎng on business!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. I'm going to discuss next year's production plan with a few carpet factories.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Can one visit these carpet factories?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of course! You are very welcome to visit! Talk to the Travel Service about it, and they’ll make the arrangements.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Excuse me—what time do you have? My watch seems to be fast.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Twelve noon.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How come I feel as if it's only been light out for a little while?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don't forget, there's a four-hour time difference between here and Běijīng!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How is that?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Zài Béijīng qīdiān zhòng tian Jiu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">liàng le, zài zhèr BéiJIng shíjiān shíyīdiān tian cài liàng ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Duìle, duìle...óu, quānguó dōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tōngyīde yòng BōiJIng shíjiān ma? Zhèi hé Mōiguó bù yíyàng, Meiguo yōu sìge shíjiān ne....</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànzài wǒmen yījìng zài huōchē-ahang guòle qlshige zhōngtóu le! Shénme shihour kéyi dào Wūlumùqí ya?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">L: Hèi yōu bāge zhōngtóu ne. HSo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">le, zhànlèi le ba, wō gǎi huíqu xiūxi yìhuīr le. Hui tour Jiàn!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">G: Hui tóur Jiàn, Lí Xiānsheng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In BōiJIng it gets light at seven o'clock. Here, it doesn't get light until eleven o'clock BōiJIng time!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I see, I see...hm, Beijing time is used throughout the country? That's different from America. America has four times....</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Now we've already spent seventy hours on the train! What time will we get to Orumqi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We still have another eight hours. Well, you must be tired of standing up. I should go back and rest a bit. See you later!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">See you later, Mr. Lí.</span></p>
- <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-9.png" alt="" style="width:438pt;height:260pt;">
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- <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">Railroad routes from Beijing to Ūrūmqi</span></p>
- <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-10.png" alt="" style="width:186pt;height:42pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this exercise in Bíijīng and talks with a Uygur student.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The conversation occurs only once, you’ll probably want' to rewind the tape you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xuéyuàn Túěrqí Ālābó Lading zìmu slxiing xìn Jiao zuò lībài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qlngzhēnsi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare able to give</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Are</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">an American visits the Central Nationalities Institute</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After listening to it completely, and answer the questions below as</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">you will need to understand this</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">academy, institute</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Turkey, Turkish</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Arab, Arabic</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Latin (Roman) alphabet</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">thought, ideas</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to believe in a religion</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to worship; to attend a religious service</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mosque</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">you will be</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">in Xīnjiāng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">like?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">your answers to these questions in Chinese so that them orally in class.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the minority nationality languages used in schools</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What does the Uygur student say his native language is Do more Uygurs understand Chinese or Russian?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What is the Uygur student’s religious background?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. How that she is in Beijing, is the Uygur student able to attend religious services?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, an American tourist t</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">alk</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">s with a China Travel Service worker on the train from Beijing to Hohhot, Inner Mongolia.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jíníng (Jìníng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(city in Inner Mongolia)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">san bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to go for a walk</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huǎngtu gāoyuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">loess plateau (see map at the end of this unit)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mínzú zhīJiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">between nationalities</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xīfǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the West</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yāoqiú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to require</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gXishàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to improve</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dàtfing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(city in Shǎnxī province)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chēxling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">car (of a train)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. In history, was the Jíníng region a peaceful one?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. What is the China Travel Service worker’s attitude toward the national minorities of China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. How might you respond to questions about racial difficulties in the U.S.? (Use several sentences from the dialogue, or prepare answers in your own words.)</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you practice saying the answers you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a conversation between an American tourist and a young Chinese woman who meet at the Museum of Chinese History in Běijīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">níkai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to take away, to move (something) out of the way</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gǔdàishl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ancient history</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huángdì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">emperor</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qīnghli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(name of a province)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to act as, to be</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hánshSubǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">correspondence course</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kloshàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to pass (an examination)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zìxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to study by oneself</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ànshí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">on time</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zudyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">homework</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chénggǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to succeed</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Why is the young woman taking down notes?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. How are living conditions in QīnghXi?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What does the young woman do for a living in-QīnghXi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What other kinds of work has she done before?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. Why does she want to re to college?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered, these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American (A) visits the Central talks with a Uygur student (U).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Nín hǎo! Huānyíng nín lái wSmen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xueyuàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> cānguān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nīde Hànyǔ hěn hāo ma, shi zài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Běijīng xuéde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Zhǔyào shi zài Běijīng xuéde,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kěshi bú shi zài Běijīng kāishī xuéde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò, zài Xīnjiǎng Wéiwúěr Zìzhìqūde xuéxiàoli yě Jiao Hànyǔ, shi bu shi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Zài zìzhìqūde zhong- xiāoxuéli</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chúle Hànzú xuéxiào yīwài dōu Jiāo shloshù mínzú wénzì, tebié shi Wéiwúěr wénzì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wéiwúěr wénzì hé Zhōngdōngde wénzì ySu shénme guānxi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Yōu, Wéiwúěryǔ hé </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Túěrqíy</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">u bī-Jiāo Jin, lǎo Wéiwúěrwén Jībenshang shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ālǎbōw</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">én. xīn wénzì yòngde shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Lādīng zìmǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nàme xiàng "Gōngchěndlng," "Shè-huizhǔyì" zhèixiě zì zěnme ban ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Zhèixiě zìde fāyīn duōbàn xiàng Hànyu, huozhě xiàng èyǔ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duìbuqī, Wéiwúěr rén dōng Hànyǔde duō ne, háishi dSng Éyǔde duō ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Yìbānde lái shuō, hái shi dōng Éwénde rén duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì le—nī gāngcái bú shi shuō nīde Hànyǔ bú shi zài Běijīng kāishī xuéde ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Wōmen lái Běijīng niàn dàxuéde shāoshù mínzú xuéshēng dōu kéyi zài zìzhìqūde Hànzú xuéxiàoli xiān xué yìnián Hànyǔ. Zài xué Hànyǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nationalities Institute in Běijīng and</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hello! Welcome to the Institute.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Your Chinese is very good! Did you learn it in Běijīng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mainly, but I wasn’t in Běijīng when I started learning it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh. They teach Chinese in schools in the Xīnjiǎng Uygur Autonomous Region, do they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Except for the Hàn nationality schools, secondary and primary schools in the autonomous region teach the minority nationality languages, especially the Uygur language.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is the Uygur language related to the languages of the Middle East?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. Uygur is rather close to Turkish. The old Uygur writing system was basically an Arabic writing system. The new writing system uses the Roman alphabet.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well, how do they handle words like "the Communist Party” and ’’socialism"?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The pronunciation of words like that is mostly like Chinese, or like Russian</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m sorry: Do more Uygurs understand Chinese or Russian?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking, there are still more who understand Russian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh—you Just said that you didn’t begin studying Chinese in Běijīng, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All of us minority students who come to Běijīng to attend college can take a year of Chinese language beforehand in a Hàn nationality school in</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yiqián, wō lián.yíge Hànzì dou bù zhìdào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hànyú shi hěn fǔzáde, xuéqilai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàgài hěn nán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Bù jǔéde zěnme tài nán, xuéle</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yìnián ylhòu wǒmen he nàrde Hànzú gōngren, gànbu, yòng Hànyu táolùn wèntí, jiāoliú </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">slxlāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōu meiyou shenme wèntí le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tz! Nà zhěn bú cuò. Duì le—</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wō hái yōu zuìhòu yige xiǎo wèntí. Nimen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xìn jiào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Wōmende fùmǔ, zufùmú dōu xlāngxìn Ylsllánjiào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nimen zìjī ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Wǒmen zìjl me, yōude xìn, yōude</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bú tài xìn, wō hái shi xiangxìnde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zài BěijIng yě kéyi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zuò llbài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma-?.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Keyi. Zhèr yōu hen dàde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qlng-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhēnsì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, wō měige xingqī dōu qù.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Tài xièxie ni le, gěi wo jièshào-le zhème duō yōu yìside qíngkuàng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U: Hěn gāoxìng nín lái cānguān. Zàijiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zàijiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the autonomous region. Before I started studying Chinese, I didn’t even know one Chinese character.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese is very complicated. It must be very hard to study.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don’t find it terribly difficult. After one year, we didn’t have any problem having discussions and communicating ideas in Chinese with the Chinese workers and cadres there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gee, that’s really great. Oh yes— I have one last small question. Do you profess a religion?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our parents and grandparents believe in Islam.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What about you yourselves?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We ourselves...well, some of us believe, and some of us don't re</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ally </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">believe. I still believe.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Can you worship in BěiJIng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. There’s a big mosque here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I go every week.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you so much for telling me about so many interesting things.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It was nice to have you here. Good-bye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good-bye.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">On the train from Běijīng to Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, an American tourist (A) talks with a China Travel Service worker (B).</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tiān gāng liàng nín jiù qllai le? Bù duō shuì yihuīr?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bù xiāng shuì le. Xiàmian yízhàn shi nār le?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> Jíníng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, zhèi shi yíge dà zhàn,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huōchē zài zhèr ting èrshifēn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You're up so soon after dawn? Don't you want to get some more sleep?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don't feel like sleeping. What's the next stop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jíníng. It's a big stop. The train will stop there for twenty minutes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhōng. Wōmen kéyi dào zhàntái-ahang qu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sànsan bù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Jìníng’ yfdài ahi yíge zhōngyàode dìqū.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Cōng dìxíngahang kàn, Jíníng bēi-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">biānr shi dà shāmō, náhbiānr shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huárurtǔ gāoyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Gōngyuán qiánhōu zài zhèige dìqū bù zhldào yōuguo duōsbSo cì zhànzhēng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài hépíng le, biānjiāng he</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nèidi bú huì yōu zhànzhēng le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín shuōde duì, Zhōngguō shi yíge duō mínzúde, tōngyīde shèhuizhǔyì dà Jiātíng, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mínzú zhījlānd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e zhànzhēng dōu yijīng ahi lìshī le. Tīngshuǒ, zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xīfāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. zhōngzú wèntí, mínzú wèntí hái ahi hēn máfande wèntí a? Shloshù mínzúde shēnghuō he dìwei hái hēn chà?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō xiāng zài yìbāinián yīqiánde shihou, zhōngzú wèntí shi yíge bī-Jiāo dàde wèntí, xiànzài qíngkuàng yījīng yōule hān dàde gāibiàn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wōmende zhèngfù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yāoqiú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zhèngfū gōngzuō rēnyuán del yōu yídìng shù-liangde shāoshù mínzú. Zài wōmende xuéxiàoli duì shloshù mínzú yē yōu tebiede bāngzhu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nàme nī xiXng zài Jiàoyu shuī-píng, gōngzuō Jīhui, shēnghuō shuī-píng fāngmian ahāoahù mínzúde qíngkuàng dōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gāishàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō xiāng mínzú wèntí, zhōngzú wèntí yōu lìshīde yuányīn, yē yōu zhèngzhi, JīngJi, wenhuà gèfǎng-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We can go out for a walk on the platform.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Jíníng area is an importantregion.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As far as terrain is concerned, to the north of Jíníng is a big desert, and to the south is the loess plateau. Before and during the Christian era there have been I-don't-know how </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">many </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wars in this region.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But now it’s at peace. The border regions and the interior won’t have any more wars.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's right. China is a unified socialist family made up of many nationalities. War between these groups is already a thing of the past. I hear that in the West, racial and ethnic problems are still very troublesome, and that the living conditions and status of minorities are still very inferior.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I think that the race problem was bigger a hundred years ago. The situation has already changed quite a lot.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is that so?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our government requires that their employees include a certain number of minority individuals. In our schools minorities are also given special help.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then as far as levels of education, Job opportunities, and standard of living are concerned, do you think that the minority situation has improved in all these areas?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I think that ethnic and racial problems have historical causes, as well as political, economic, and cultural</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">’Speaker A on the tape says </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiníng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. which is another pronunciation. The dictionary pronunciation is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jíníng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">miànde yuányīn, xǔduō guōjiā dōu hái yōu zhèizhōng wèntí. Zài Měi-guō, wōmende zhèngfǔ hé rénmín dōu zài nǔlì tígāo shXoshù mínzúde dì-wei. ShXoshù mínzúde qíngkuàng yídìng hui yuè lái yuè hāo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāojíle. Wōmen dōu xìwàng gè</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mínzúde shēnghuō yuè guò yuè hāo. Jíníng zhàn dào le, wōmen xiàqu kànkan ba!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: HXode. Zhèr yījīng shi Nèi Měng-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gǔ le, bl </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Datong</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> lěngde duō, wō qù chuān Jiàn maoyī Jiù lai.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: HXode, wō zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chēxiāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ménkōu děng ni.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ones. Many countries still have this kind of problem. In America, our government and people are making an effort to raise the status of our minorities. The situation is sure to get better and better for them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Great. We all hope that life will improve for all peoples. We’ve arrived at Jíníng station. Let’s get off and have a look around.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right. This is already Inner Mongolia, and it’s much colder than Dàtōng. I’m going to go put on a sweater and I’ll be right back.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. I’ll wait for you at the door of this car.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At an exhibition on general Chinese history in Beijing’s Museum of Chinese History, a young woman (B) is sitting on a bench taking some notes. When an American tourist (A) walks by, the young woman gets up to let him have her seat.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nī zài xiě dōngxi, kuài qīng zuò-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xia, bú yào kèqi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō lái bX zhèi jīběn shū </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nákāi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nín zuòxia xiūxixiuxi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèiběnr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngguō Gǔdàishī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nīde ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi wōde. Zhèiběn shǔli guānyú</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yíwèi Tángcháo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huángdìd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e gùshi he zhèige zhXnlXnhuìshang shuōde bú tài yíyàng, suōyi wō bX ta xiěxia-lai dàihuiqu kànkan.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: NĪ shi Běifáng rén ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō iXoJiā zài Zhéjiāng, xiànzài</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">QīnghXi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngzuò, zhèicì shi lái Běijīng chǔcháide.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: QīnghXide xùmuyè her. fādá ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You’re writing, please sit down. Don’t be polite.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ll move these books away and you can sit down and rest.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is this </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">History of Ancient China </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yours?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, it is. There are some differences between the version of a story about a Táng dynasty emperor in this book and the version given in the exhibit, so I’m writing it down to take home and read.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are you from the north?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Originally I’m from Zhéjiāng, but now I work in QīnghXi. This time I’m in Běijīng on business.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">QīnghXi’s livestock farming is very developed, isn’t it?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: xùmuyède qíngkuàng bú cud, bú-gud méiyou Nèiměng, Xīnjiāng nàme hāo.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Rénmínde shěnghuō shuīpíng zěn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">meyàng?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chīde chà yidiānr, zhǔyào shi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiāotōng bù fāngbian, biéde shēng-huo fāngmian me, yě meiyou nèidì hāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Livestock farming is doing well, but the situation isn’t as good as in Inner Mongolia and Xīnjiāng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How is the people’s standard of living?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The food is rather poor, but the main thing Is that transportation is difficult. As for other aspects of life, well, they aren't as good as in the interior either.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font18" style="font-style:italic;">k:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī zài Qīnghāi gōngzud, zuò shénme ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What is your work in Qīnghāi?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dāngg</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">uo nongmín, yě dāngguo Jiě-fàngjūn, xiànzài zài yíge Jiànzhù cáiliàochāng dāng gōngren.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve been a peasant and I’ve been in the P.L.A. Now I’m a worker in a construction materials factory.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ng, nī zudguo bù shāode shìqing.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, you’ve done a lot of things.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànzài bù shāo niánqīng rén dōu shi zhèiyangrde. Kāshi wō zuì yōu xìngqude hài shi lìshī.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">These days a lot of young people are like that. But I’m still most interested in history.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NĪ yào shàng dàxué niàn lìshī ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do you want to go to college to study history?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yào. Duì le, nín kàn Zhōngwén bào ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, I do. Oh, do you read the Chinese newspapers?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Kàn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi liāngtiānde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Rénmín Rìbào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nín kànguo ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you been reading the </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">People * s Daily</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> the last couple of days?</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Kànguo le. Bàoshang shuō hěn duō dàxué yào bàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hánshòubān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. It said in the paper that a lot of colleges are going to start correspondence courses.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Duì le, suōyi wō zài zhèr zhǔn-bèi kāoshì.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right, so I’m preparing to take the exams here.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèizhōng dàxué zānme niàn ne?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> Kāoshàngl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e yīhdu, xuéxiào Jì gei</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wǒmen shǔ he biéde xuéxí cáiliào, wǒmen zìjī </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zìxué, ànshí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bā </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zuòyè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hé kāoshì Jiào gei xuéxiào. Gong-chǎng fàng Jiàde shihou wo kéyi hui lāojiā qu kàn fùmǔ, hai kéyi qù dà-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How do you go about attending these colleges?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After we pass the exam, the school sends us the books and other study materials, and we study on our own, turning in our homework and tests when required. When I have vacation from the factory, I can go back to my home-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xué xiàng lǎoahī qīngjiào.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nà bú cuò ma, zhèiyang niàn shǔ</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yě kéyi y8u dàxué bìyède shuīpíng ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kéyi. Zhóngguó gǔdàishī shi hěn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">y3u yìside, w3 yídìng yào hǎohǎor niàn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hǎo, zhù nī </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chénggòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">’.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xièxie ni!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">town to visit my parents, and I can also go to the college to ask for help from the teachers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s pretty good. By going to school like that can you reach the level of a college graduate?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, you can. Ancient Chinese history is very interesting. I’m determined to study hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Good, I wish you success.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you!</span></p>
- <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-11.png" alt="" style="width:269pt;height:245pt;">
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Loess </span><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">is a fine-grained, chalky soil between silt and clay, actually a deposit of windblown sand. China's loess deposits are the most extensive in the world; they cover most of Shánxī and Shánxi provinces, and the better part of Gànsù, and extend into Hébéi and Hénán as well. Because it holds moisture well, loess makes good farming ground when irrigated. Loess is buff to gray in color (the Chinese word for loess, huángtǔ, means literally, 'yellow soil") and it is loess that gives the Yellow River its distinctive yellowish appearance.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Cōng gongshè dào chéngli hái zhēn yuàn, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shèyuánm</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">en J in chéng mài dōngxi yōu diānr bú tài fāngbian ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín méi kànjian, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yanzhe gōnglù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bànle hāojīge xiāo shángdiàn, mài dōngxi hái suàn fangbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s such a long way from the commune into town, isn’t it kind of inconvenient for the commune members to go into town to shop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Didn’t you see, a lot of little stores have been set up along the highway.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s fairly convenient to shop there.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tiělùs</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hang </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fāshēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shénme wèntí le ma? Wèishénme zhèibān tèkuài bl mànchē hái man?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín bié </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JInzhang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. wō yě méi xiàngdào yōu zhèige qíngkuàng, wō xiànzài jiù qù wènwe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nqīngchu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Zài máng wō yě děi huíqu yí-tàng, gang màihàode liāng-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōngxi, quán wàng zài shāngdiànli le!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Háishi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> máfan </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàoyōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> huíqu zhào yítang ba! Nín bié qù le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: Shíjiān tài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jin</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yōude dìfang wŌ jiu bú qù le, bīfang shuō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yòuéryuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ba! Yīhòu zài qù cānguān ba!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo. Wōmen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xuàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jīge yào-jīnde dìfang cānguān hāo le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Has some problem come up on the railroad? Why is this express even slower than a slow train?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don’t get nervous. I didn’t expect this either. I’ll go try to find out about it right now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No matter how busy I am I have to go back there. I left both the things I just bought in the store!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It would be better to trouble the guide to go back and look for them. Don’t </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> go.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m too pressed for time, so there are some places I’m not going. The kindergarten, for example—I’ll visit there another time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right. Let’s choose a few important places to visit.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Cong chànliàngshang kàn, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Chángjiàng yīnánd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e nōngyè shēngchàn qíngkuàng zhēn bú cuò.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chángjiāng yīnán bú yòr.g shuō le, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiù shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Changjiang yīběi shēngchàn qíngkuàng yě </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gān-shanglái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> la!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">From the point of view of yield, the agricultural production situation south of the Yangtze River is really good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">For the area south of the Yangtze that goes without saying, but even north of the Yangtze the level of production is catching up*.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Shōudū </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gāngtiā</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> GongsIde gōngren dōu zài zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shítáng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chi fan ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Òu, wōmen gōngsī yōu hāojīwàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhígōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiāshǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yōu bù shSo de dà shítáng ne!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Shàngcì wō cānguān qìchě </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhì-zàochāngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e shihou hāoxiàng zài nār Jiànguo ta, tā shi nàrde zhígōng ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gāocuō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le, tā shi women Luxíngshède gōngzuō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rényuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Nimen chāng yíbànr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìshàngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e gōngren </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sùshè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōu shi xīnde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">urn.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nel JIniin, sùshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gāode luànqībāzāo, zhl hāo gài xinde le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Líi! Bā zhèi Jīge Jiāozi dou </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiāomiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: "Xiāomiè" jiāozi? Wō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> méi tīngguo zhèige shuōfār!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Wō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fāxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nlmende gōngzuō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jìnxíngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e bú cuò ma! Bù xūyào shíjiān le ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nt shuōde dào rōngyi! Nt zhldao wōmen yōngle duōshāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yèyú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shíjiān!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Chāng llngdāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hàozhāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> quán-chāng gōngren zhèige yuè duō shēngchān sìbāibù qìchě.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú cud a! Nà zhèige yuède chānliàng chàbuduō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">děngyu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shàngge yuède yí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bàn la*.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do all the workers in the Capital Iron and Steel Company eat in this dining hall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, our company has tens of thousands of staff and workers and their families . There are lots of large dining halls!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It seems to me I saw him someplace the time I visited the automobile plant. Isn't he a staff member or worker there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You're mistaken. He's one of our Travel Service personnel.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At your factory, over half of your workers' living quarters are new!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">During those few years, the living quarters were wrecked up, we had no choice but to build new ones.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Come on. Polish off Cliterally, "exterminate"!! these dumplings!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"Polish off" dumplings? I've never heard that expression before'.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I find that your work is proceeding very well. I don't suppose you need any more time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's easy for you to say. You don't know how much of our time after hours we used!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The leadership of our factory made an appeal to the workers of the whole factory to produce four hundred more cars this month.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s great! Then this month's output is about equal to one and a half times last month's!</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit 7, Vocabulary List</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">àn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">according to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-bèi bèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">time, -fold</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(passive marker)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(counter for automobiles, machines, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Changjiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yangtze River</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dào dàoyou děngyú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yet, on the contrary, neverthless (tour) guide</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to equal, to be equal to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fāshēng fāxiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to happen, to occur to discover</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gangtie gànshàng(lái) gàocuá gōnglù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">iron and steel</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to catch up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to do wrong; to be wrong (mistaken) highway</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">háishi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hàozhāo (hàozhào)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">it would be better to to call, to appeal</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">J iāshǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">family members, (family) dependents</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jin</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jinxing jlnzhāng J iùshi...ye...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be tight</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to carry on, to conduct; to be to be nervous, to be tense even (if)...</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kuài yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">will soon</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qǐngchu (-chu)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be clear, to be distinct</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rényuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">personnel, staff</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shèyuán shítáng sùshè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">commune member mess hall, dining room living quarters; dormitory</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tielù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">railroad</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiǎomiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to eliminate, to abolish, to exterminate, to wipe out</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xuàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to choose</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-yàng yànzhe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kind (bound form) along(side)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;">n&</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yèyú yí-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yíshàng yíxià yòuéryuán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhígōng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhìzào zhìzàochǎng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">spare time, after hours, amateur</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(used, before direction words to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">mark direction with reference to a point)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">above, over (an amount)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">under (an amount)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kindergarten</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">staff and workers; worker or</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">staff member to manufacture manufacturing plant, factory</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Cōng gǒngshè dào chéngli hái zhen yuln, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shèyuánm</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">en jin chéng mài dōngxi yōu diánr bú tài ffingbian ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín méi kànjian, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánzhe gōnglù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bànle hXojīge xiSo shfingdiàn, mài dōngxi hái suàn fSngbian.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s such a long way from the commune into town, isn’t it kind of inconvenient for the commune members to go into town to shop?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Didn’t you see, a lot of little stores have been set up along the highway.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s fairly convenient to shop there.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hái zhēn yuàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ’’still,” in this sentence may go untranslated; it expresses surprise at how far it is into town. In this meaning, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often used before </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhēn,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ”really.”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl hái zhēn bú pà ling, zhème You really don’t mind ("aren’t afraid lēngde tiin chuln zhème shio! of’’) the cold; you wear so little in such cold weather!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shèyuán,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "commune member," includes working members and their non-working f</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ami</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ly members. The ending -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used in. various compound words to mean ’’member":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">DKngyuán Party member</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tuányuán (Communist Youth) League member</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huìyuán OR chéngyuán member</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōu diinr bú tài f&ngbian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "a little inconvenient, kind of inconvenient" You are familiar with the phrasing </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōu di&nr bù fāngbian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Here you see that use </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú tài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> instead of just </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yánzhe</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "along, alongside," is used for longer distances than </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">pángbiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "side?’</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qìchē yánzhe zhèitiáo lù kǎile hēn Jitt cái kànjian yíge rén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yánzhe fángzi sìbiinr zhōngle h&oduō hui.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">BUT:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fángzi pángbiin zhōngle h&oduō huà.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The car drove along this road a</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">long time before they saw a person.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A lot of flowers were planted along the four sides of the house (i.e., all around the house).</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A lot of flowers were planted alongside the house (on the side or sides).</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōnglù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "public-road," i.e., "highway" "Expressway" is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">g&osù gōnglù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "high-speed public-road." (As of this writing, mainland China has no expressways; Taiwan has one, which goes from the north to the south of the island.) .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hái suàn: "can still be considered to be...” This is an idiom for ”fairly." Compare the use of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> for "fairly" which you learned in the Society module, for example, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hái hio</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Fairly good."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā hái suàn wèntí sh&ode xué- He can be considered a student with shēng, biéde rén wèntí gèng duō. relatively few problems; the others have even more problems.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nà hái suàn xiāo shì.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12">2. A:</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tiělùs</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hang </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fāshēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shénme wèntí le ma? Wèishénme zhèibān tèkuài bl mànchē hái man?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's no big thing ("a small matter").</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Has some problem come up on the railroad? Why is this express even slower than a slow train?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín bié </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">^Inzhāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, wō y? méi xiingdào yōu zhèige qíngkuàng, wō xiànzài Jiù qù wènve</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nqIngchú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don't get nervous. I didn’t expect this either. I’ll go try to find out about it right now.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tiélù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "railroad," literally, "iron-road"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xlbéide tiélù bù duō, érqii yōu There aren’t many railroads in the bù shio shi gang xiūde. Northwest, and many of them were</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">just built.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō yōu yíge gēge zài tiélùshang I have an older brother who works on gōngzuō. the railroad.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fishing</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to happen," "to occur" The event which happens often follows </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fishéng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in the sentence (just as in sentences with </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "there is," the thing that exists often follows </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">):</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bù zhīdào fishéngle shénme shì-qing, láile zhème duō rén.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi JItiin fishéngle hiojljiàn qíguàide shì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèi shihou fishěngde shì, wō dōu bù zènme qīngchú le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shéi dōu bú jìde zhèijiàn shì shi shénme shihou fāsb.ēngde le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bi mànchē hái màn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "even slower as even.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I wonder what has happened that so many people have come here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The last few days, a lot of strange things have been happening.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The things that happened then aren’t very clear in my mind anymore.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No one remembers when that event took place anymore.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tan a slow train" Here, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zuétiǎn ling, jīnti"r. bī zuétiǎn It was cold yesterday, (but) today is hái ling. even colder than yesterday.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">ibt</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">.1 Tn zhang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be nervous," "to be tense"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài zhèli kāi chě zhěn Jīnzhǎng, It’s really nerve-racking to drive bù zhídào shénme shihou huì here. You don’t knov vhen you-might</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhuàngdao rén. run into someone.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wènwenqīngchù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to inquire until clear," i.e., "to try to find out the true situation."Notice that you can reduplicate a verb (here, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yen</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) even vhen the verb is followed by a resultative ending (here, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qlngchǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">). Other examples: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Qíng nī bā shìqing shuǒshuoqlngchìí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Please explain this more clearly"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Bā zhuōzi cǎcagǎnjing</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Wipe the table clean."</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: Zài míng w8 yě děi huíqu yítàng, gang mǎihSode liǎng-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōngxi, quán vàng zài shāngdiànli le!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No matter how busy I am I have to go back there. I left both the things I Just bought in the store!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Háishi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> máfan </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dǎoyōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> huíqu zhāo yítàng ba! Nín bié qù le.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It would be better to trouble the guide to go back and look for them. Don’t </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> go.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài máng...yě...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "no matter how busy..." The </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in this pattern (meaning literally, <sup>H</sup>more, additionally") must be given extra-heavy stress: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ZÀI máng w8 ye děi huíqu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> here means "still, even so."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngwén ZAI nán w8 yě yào xué. No matter how hard Chinese is, I’m still going to study it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-tàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This counter for trips need not be translated here. Used with verbs like </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lái, qù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huílai</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huíqu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, etc., -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> simply counts the number of times someone goes someplace. Other examples:</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ shàngge xīngqī dào Shànghǎi qùle yítàng.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Last week he made a trip to Shànghǎi.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 Jintiǎn yījìng wǎng tǎ nàr pǎole liǎngtàng le.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve already made two trips to his place today.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-yàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "kind, sort" You have learned the word -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zh8ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "kind, sort, type." These words are slightly different in usage; sometimes -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> should not be translated literally as "kind," but Just left out of the translation (see the third, fourth, and fifth examples).</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi jlyàng dōngxi w8 dou méi kànjianguo, hěn qíguài.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ni kàndechǔlái zhèi liǎr.ryàng dōngxi yōu shénme bù yíyàng ma?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve never seen these kinds of things. They’re very strange.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Can you tell what’s different about these two kinds of things?</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">fBL</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōmen Jīntiān wānshàng yōu Jīyàng cài?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ dào shāngdiàn qùle Jīcì y? méi māihui yíyàng dōngxi lai.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō zhèr hái yōu liángyàng shuī-guō...yíge píngguō yíge Júzi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">háishi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "it would be better to — word which you first learned as meaning</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō bù shufu, háishi sháo chī diānr ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Háishi Ouyáng Láoshī yíge rén qù, nīmen dōu liú zài zhèr ba.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Also used in the pattern </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">háishi . . .</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Háishi nī qù háo.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hew many dishes are we having tonight Cfor dinner]?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He went to the store several times, but didn’t come back with a single thing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I still have two fruits here...one apple and one tangerine/orange.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is another meaning for the "still."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I'm not feeling well. I'd better not eat too much.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It would be better if Teacher Ouyang went alone; the rest of you just stay here.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It would be better if you went.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shíjiān tài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yōude dìfang wō Jiu bú qù le, bīfang shuō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yòuéryuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ba! Yīhòu zài qù cānguān ba!</span></p></li></ul>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I'm too pressed for time, so there are some places I’m not going. The kindergarten, for example— I’ll visit there another time.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo. Wōmen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xuān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jīge yào-Jīnde dìfang cānguān hāo le.</span></p></li></ul>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right. Let’s choose a few important places to visit.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be tight," in both literal and figurative senses.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèishuāng xié tài jīn. These shoes are too tight.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">BX mén guānjīn. Shut the door tight.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōde shíjiān ānpaide h?n Jīn. I have a very tight schedule.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bīfang shuō...ba: Ba</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be used at the end of a </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bīfang shuō</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> phrase.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Compare the use of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bā~</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shown in unit 5.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yòuéryuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "kindergarten," literally, "young-child-garden" In Taiwan, the word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">youzhìyuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used instead.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xuàn: "to choose," "to select"; "to elect"</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎmen xuàn wō zuò dàibiàode shíhou, wō bin bù hào yìsī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā zài shángdiànli zōule bàntián yě méi xuàndào tǎ xīhuande dōngxi.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When they elected me as representative, I was very embarrassed.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">She walked around the store for a long time but didn’t find anything she liked.. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">XuSn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often used for "selecting"—buying—items at a store.)</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Cong chànliàngshang kàn, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Chángjiàng yīnánd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e nōngyè shengchàn qíngkuàng zhēn bú cuō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Chángjiàng yīnán bú yòng shuō le, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiù shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Chángjiàng yīběi shēngchàn qíngkuàng yě </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gàn-shanglái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> la!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">From the point of view of yield, the agricultural production situation south of the Yangtze River is really good.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">For the area south of the Yangtze that goes without saying, but even north of the Yangtze the level of production is catching up!</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cōng chànliàngshang kàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "from the point of view of yield" Other examples of this pattern: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cōng shùliangshang kàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "from the point of view of numbers/quantity"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cōng fàzhàn jīngjishang kàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "from the point of view of developing the economy?*’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Chángjiàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "Long-River," the Yangtze, nov called the Changjiang in PRC publications. China’s longest river (6,300 kilometers), the Changjiang is an important artery of water transportation, passing through the cities of Chōngqìng, Wtthàn, Nánjīng, and Shànghài.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">...yīnán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: to the south of...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Júzi zhòng zai Chángjiàng yīnán shi tlánde, dàole Chángjiàng yīběi Jiù chéngle kttde le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiù shi...yě,..</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "even...";</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(1) Jiù shi wō yě zhīdao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiù shi xuézhě yě bù dōng zhèige wèntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige dà píngguō shi wō tèbié xuànchulai gěi nīde.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Yīběi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is to the north of.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tangerines grown south of the Changjiang are sweet, but north of the Changjiang, they become bitter.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) "even </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">if</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ... "</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Even _! know that.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Even scholars do not understand this problem.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I picked this big apple out especially for you.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">*</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàibià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">o. "representative, delegate" (TVL, Unit 8)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">/8U</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) Tā shuō jiùshi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> qù zuò yě zuòbuhāo.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He said that even if </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> did it, you wouldn’t do it right.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī jiùshi mālle *8 yě hù chī. Even if you bought it I wouldn’t eat it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú yòng shu5 X, jiù shi Y yě...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This three-part pattern means "For X, that goes without saying, but even Y is...." Sometimes in English we mention the parts X and Y in the reverse order: "Even Y is . . . , not to mention X."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèige dìfang zhěn hSowánr, bú That place is really fun. Even yòng shuǒ xiāoháir, Jiù shi grown-ups have a great time there,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàren yě zài nar wānrde hěn not to mention children,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gāoxìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">For </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú yòng shuò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, you can often substitute </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú yào shuò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. For </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiù shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, you can substitute </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">11án</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. For </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, you can substitute dōu.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When the clause after X* has bù or as "much less":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bú yòng shuō zhōngxuéshēng, Jiù shi yānjiùshēng yě kànbudōng zhèiplān wénzhāng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō bú yòng shuō xiě, liín ting yě láibují.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bú yào shuō qù kàn diànylng, wō liān chi fànde shíjiān dōu méiyou.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, you can translate </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú yòng shuō</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Even graduate students c</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ann</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ot understand this article, much less high school students.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I couldn’t even keep up listening to it, much less write it down.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don’t even have time to eat, much less go to the movies.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gSnshanglai:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "to catch up" by hurrying (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means to hurry")</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā sulrín bìngle hàojītiān, kěshi xuéxí hfiishi gSnshanglai le.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō yōu diSnr shi, nimen xiān zōu ba! Děng yihuīr wō jiu gSnshanglai.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Although he has been sick for quite a few days, he has caught up with his schoolwork.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I have something I have to do. You go on ahead. I’ll catch up with you in a minute.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Shōudū </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gāngtiě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngsīde gōngren dōu zài zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shítāng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chī fàn ma?</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Òu, wǒmen gongsI yōu hāojīwàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhígōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāshú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, yōu bù shāode dà shítāng ne!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do all the workers in the Capital Iron and Steel Company eat in this dining hall?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, our company has tens of thousands of staff and workers and their families. There are lots of large dining halls!</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">t&5</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gāngtiě</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Literally, "steel-iron," "but usually translated as "iron and steel<sup>W</sup> (The usual order of paired words in Chinese and English is often? the same, but sometimes differs. Other examples are </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">baba mama</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "mom and dad"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yéye nXinai</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "grandma and grandpa.")</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"dining hall," "cafeteria," "mess hall"</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shitang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhígōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "staff and workers";</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige chingde zhígōng dàbùfen shi nflde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige zhígōng xuéxiào yōu bù sh&o hèn hXode làoshī, tàmen dōu duì zhígōng Jiàoyu hen rèxín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhígōng shítáng chángcháng mài ling fan.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"staff member or worker"</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The staff and workers of this factory are mostly women.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This staff and worker school has a lot of good teachers who are very interested and enthusiastic toward staff and worker education.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Staff and worker dining halls often sell cold food.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāshtt</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "family members," "(family) dependents"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gànbude Jiàshù chángchXng shòudao The families of cadres often tèbiéde zhàogu. receive special care.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dàqìngde gōngren JiSshù hěn duō Many families of workers at Dàqìng dōu shi nōngmín. are peasants.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">NOTE: Although in context </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">,'iāshù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> may be translated as iy,<sup>n</sup> as in the sentence above, it is different from </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiātíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jlātíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> refers to the family unit, the household. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāshù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> refers collectively to the family members other than the head of household.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōu bù shàode dàshítfing ne!</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: On this use of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, see Unit 3 Reference Notes, Notes on No. 5.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Shàngcì wō cinguln qìchě </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhì-zàochXngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e shíhou hXoxiàng zài nlr Jlànguo ta, tfi shi nàrde zhígōng ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gàocuò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le, tà shi wōmen LŌxíngshède gōngzuò </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rényuan</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It seems to me I saw him someplace the time I visited the automobile plant. Isn't he a staff member or worker there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You’re mistaken. He’s one of our Travel Service personnel.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhìzào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to manufacture," as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngguō zhìzào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Made in China."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhìzàochàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "plant," "fa.••.cry"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font13">/Sé</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zài nār Jiànguo ta</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "have seen him somewhere" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">N&r</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, like other question words used in stat</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">eme</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nts, becomes an indefinite pronoun here: "somewhere."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō jìde wŌ zài nār chīguo zhèige I remember having this dish 'somewhere cài. before.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gāocuò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to get (something) wrong" or "to do (something) wrong"</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bié gāocuò le, zhèige zì hén fúzá ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">0, wō gāocuò le, tā bú shi wō yào zhāode nèige nùháizi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā bā zhèige wèntí gāocuò le, méiyou nàme fūzá.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Don't get it wrong; this character is very complicated!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, I'm mistaken. She isn't the young woman I'm looking for.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He has misunderstood this problem. It's not that complicated.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Compare other verbs that have the resultative ending ending -</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cuò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl niàncuò le ba, zhèige zì hāoxiàng bú niàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lúè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, niàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiāoxln, bú yào zōucuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rényuán:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "personnel," "staff" personnel," '"staff member."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèli suōyōude gōngzuò rényuán dōu shàngguo dàxué.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōmen xiànzài xūyào hén duō dōng Ylngyúde kējì rényuán.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You've read it wrong, haven't you? I don't think this character is read </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lúè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; it's read </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">liè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Careful, don't go the wrong way.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Often used in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuò rényuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "working</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All the personnel here have attended college.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We now need a lot of scientific and technical personnel who understand English.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Nimen cháng yfbànr </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yìshàngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e gōngren </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sùshè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dōu shi xlnde ma!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nèi Jtnián, sùshè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gāode luànqìbāzāo, zhi hāo gài xlnde le.</span></p>
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- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At your factory, over half of your workers' living quarters are new!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">During those few years, the living quarters were wrecked up, we had no choice but to build new ones.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yíbàn ytshàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "over half" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ytshàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yixià</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> are used after quantities to mean, respectively, "over" and "under" an amount.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèrde yánjiúshēng, sānshisuì Not many of the graduate students here ylxiàde bú tài due. are under thirty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">íB!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài Béijīng, wùcéng lōu yīshàng-de dàléu cái yōu diàntī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Báifēn zhī báshíwù yīshàngde Zhōngguō rénkōu shi nōngmín.</span></p>
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- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In Béijīng, only buildings over five stories high have elevators.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Over eighty-five percent of the population of China is made up of peasants.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sùshè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ’’living quarters’’; ’’dormitory” This can either refer to the kind of quarters we think of as dormitories, with many people living and sleeping in each large room, or it can mean housing provided by an institution for its workers, with each family living in separate quarters.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi dìfangr shi gSngtiSchàngde This place is the workers’ quarters</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngren sùshè. of the iron and steel plant.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wàijiǎobùde sùshè bī biéde bùde The Foreign Ministry living quarters sùshè dōu piàoliang. are better-looking than those of</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">any other ministry.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nèi Jīnián</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: ’’those few years” This is currently a way of referring to the period of the Cultural Revolution.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This is a prepositional verb which indicates the DOER of the action, similar to the English "by" in passive sentences (like ’’John was hit by Bill”). In sentences with </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action and the object of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is the doer of the action:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōde zìdiSn bèi rén Jièzōu le. My dictionary was borrowed by someone.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèi Jīnián, zhōnggè shèhui bèi Those few years, the whole society</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jīge rén glode luànqībǎzāo, was messed up by a few people;</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhěn méi bànfS shuō. it is really sad.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Unlike most prepositional verbs, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be used without an object, as in sentence 8B. Here is another example:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wōde xīn qìchē bèi zhuàng le. My new car was hit.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Lái! Bl zhèi Jīge Jiàozi dōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiāomiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: "Xiāomiè" Jláozl? Wō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> méi tīngguo zhèige shuōfir!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Come on. Polish off Cliterally, "exterminate”! these dumplings!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"Polish off" dumplings? I’ve never heard that expression before!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Lái!</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Notice that </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> does not necessarily mean "come here," but can also mean "come on" and do some action.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Lái, zánmen gān yibēi! Come on, let’s empty a glass</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">together!</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Lái ba, wǑmen shàng kè ba, bù shuō biéde le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Lái lái lái, wǒ lái gài nīmen jièshào w8 gēn nīmen shuōguode Liàng Jiàoshòu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Come on, let’s get on with class and stop talking about other things.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Now everyone, let me introduce Professor Liàng, whom I’ve told you about before.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiāomiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to exterminate/eliminate/wipe out/stamp out" bad things such as landlords, the enemy, illness, poverty, illiteracy, rats, flies, etc. In sentence 9, it is used humorously.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bā...xiāomiè le!</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: You long ago learned le, the marker of completion. Here, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> indicates that the action of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gets rid of something</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in one fell swoop. Here are other examples for comparison:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bā zhèige zhuōzi màile ba, Sell this table. It’s of no use</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">méi yòng le. anymore.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bā diànshì guānle, w5 bú Turn off the T.V. I don’t want to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kàn le. watch any more.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bā yīfu tuōle ba, zhèr tài rè. Take off your coat; it’s too hot here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This use of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is especially frequent with the adverb dōu, "all":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dou màile ba! Why not buy all of them!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dǒu hēle ba! Drink the whole thing!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "yet, nevertheless, on the contrary" This is a very common adverb with one basic idea to it—the idea of contrasting one element with another. Depending on the context, the translation into English will differ. Here are examples of the main contexts in which you will encounter </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">:</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(1)</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> One particular element</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in the sentence is contrasted with something previously mentioned, about to be mentioned, or understood. (The contrasted elements are underlined in the following examples.)</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nī xiàng hé diān shénme?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: WS bù xiàng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shénme, wS dào xiàng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dlàn shénme.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xià yùde shihou</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nī bú dài sàn, .līntián </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú xià yù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nī dào dài sàn!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What would you like to drink?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I don’t feel like having anything to drink. I would like something to eat, though.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">On rainy days you don’t take an umbrella with you, but today, when it isn’t raining, you do take one with you!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(2) The </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">whole situation</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> expressed by the sentence contrasts with another particular set of circumstances previously mentioned, about to be mentioned, or understood.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bānshang zuì hàode xuéshēng zhèi- The best student in the class did the cì dào kàode zuì bù hāo. worst on the exam this time.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Jīnnián dōngtiān zhěn ling!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Sheng bìngde rén dào shío le.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhè féngxl nàme xiāo, you nàme guì.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kěshi nī shàng bin duǒ fāng-bian!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nà dào shi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒ dàoshi xiāng bāng máng, Jiù shi méi shíjiān.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s really cold this winter!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fewer people have been getting sick, though.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This house/apartment is so small, and so expensive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But it’s so convenient for you to go to work.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well, that’s true.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I did want to help, it’s Just that I didn’t have the time.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shìqing dàoshi guòqu le, hān cháng shíjiān yě wàngbuliāo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It was over with, but we couldn’t</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">forget about it for a long time.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nà dào méi guānxi, zhi yào tā bú Jièyi Jiù suàn le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">That</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> doesn’t matter. As long as he</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">doesn’t mind, then let it go at that.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(3) The whole sentence contrasts with </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">expectations</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. In these cases, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dào </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sometimes implies satisfaction with the state of affairs, sometimes dissatisfaction, and sometimes is neutral. In addition, it sometimes has an ironic meaning, as in the last three examples below.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yǒu zhèiyangde shi! Wǒ dào bù zhldào!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Āiyà! WǑ dào bā zhèijiàn shì wàng le!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sānshíkuài? Nà dào bú guì.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rúguǒ zhěn shi zhèiyang, dào híi yǒu xīwàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hng, nī dào zhěn Jiíng chī a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hng! Nī dào shuǒde hlotīng!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī zuò zuo kan.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā shuǒ wS bù gāi zhème zuò, wǒ dào xiāng zhīdao tā shi wS zānme zuò!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is that so! Why, I didn’t know!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh no! I forgot about </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">that</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thirty dollars? That’s not so expensive. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> implies ”1 would have expected it to be more.**)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If that’s really true, then there * s still hope after all.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well! Quite the gourmet aren’t you! (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāng»</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be meticulous about)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hmph! You make it sound easy! Let's see you do it!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He says I shouldn’t have done this, but I’d like to know what he would have done if he were me!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: W3 </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> nlmende gōngzuò </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jìnxfng'd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e "bú cuò ma! Bù xǔyào shíjiān le ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nl shuōde dào rōngyi! Nl zhldao wōmen yòngle duǒshāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yèyú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shíjiān!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I find that your work is proceeding very well. I don’t suppose you need any more time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s easy for you to say. You don't know how much of our time after hours we used!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10 fǎxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to discover,” ”to find Wō dàole yōujú cái fǎxiàn wàng dài xìn le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hǎn duo ylxué dà fǎxiàn dou fǎ-shēng zài gongyè géming yihòu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">out"; "discovery"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I didn't discover I had forgotten to bring the letters with me until I was at the post office.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Many great medical discoveries were made after the industrial revolution</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The phrase </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wō fǎxiàn . . .</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often used to preface an observation made about a person, or a fact that has just come to one's attention:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō fǎxiàn nl hǎn néng chi! I see you have quite a big appetite!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jìnxíng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to carry on," "to conduct," "to proceed"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèlide tāolùn jìnxíngde bú cuò, The discussion here is proceeding well; wèntí kuài shānglianghāo le. the problem has almost been resolved.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yèyú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "spare-time," "after hours," "amateur" NOTE: "Spare time" as a noun must be translated as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yèyú shíjiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yèyú shíjiān wō xīhuǎn kàn I like to read fiction in my spare</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiāoshuō. time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā shi yèyú yùyānxuéjiā. He is an amateur linguist.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Chāng llngdāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hàozhāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> quán-chǎng gōngren zhèige yuè duō shengchān slbǎibù qìchǎ.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú cuò a! Nà zhèige yuède chānliàng chàbuduō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dǎngyú </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shàngge yuède yíbèi ban la!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The leadership of our factory made an appeal to the workers of the whole factory to produce four hundred more cars this month.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That's great! Then this month's output is about equal to one and a half times last month's!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hàozhāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hàozhàc</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> -eans to issue an official appeal to engage in some activity:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèngfù hàozhāo niǎnqīng rén nttlí xuéxí kēxué zhīshi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The government calls on young people to work hard to acquire scientific knowledge.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yīnggǎi hàozhāo dàjiā xiàng tǎ xuéxí.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We should call on everyone to learn from her.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chūntiǎn lai le, you hàozhāo zhòng shù le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Spring is here; they're issuing calls to plant trees again.</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">LĪngdǎode hàozhāo zōng shi yì kāishī hén duo rén ting, hòulǎi Jiù méi rén zhùyī le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Appeals from the leaders are always followed by many people in the beginning, then later people stop paying attention to them.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-bù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This is aa extremely common and useful counter. It is used for cars, buses, machines, movies, and long books.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi shi yíbù Jiǎng huàxué zhànzhěngde dianyIng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a movie about chemical warfare.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">déngyti</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to be equal to"</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">èr Jiā èr déngyú st.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Two plus two equals four.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dèngyú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is more often used in a non-mathematical sense:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ zhèiyang zuò, dōngyú bǎ nī zuòde quin dōu gǎi le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">By doing this, he is in effect changing everything you have done. (Literally, "For him to do this is equal to changing all you have done.")</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-bèi: "times," "-fold," as in</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sānbèi shíbèi yibǎibèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">three times/threefold</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ten times/tenfold</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">one hundred times/hundredfold</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Amounts vith </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be used in two different patterns, and the type of pattern used influences the meaning, as follows:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">EQUIVALENCE PAMHW (A ■ x times y)</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">—expresses equivalence between tvo amounts</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">—uses the verb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. or </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dèngyú</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Examples: Liù shi èrde sānbèi. Six is three times tvo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">TSde shū yōu vide sìbèi. He has four times as many books as I.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jīnniǎnde shōurù dèngyú qùniánde liǎngbèi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This year's income is twice last year's.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">COMPARISON PATTERN (A is x times more than y)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">—expresses comparison between two amounts</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">—uses </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bl,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "compared to,” "than'’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">—the number before </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">-bèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> must be translated into English as one more than the Chinese number</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">EXAMPLES:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Liù bl èr duō liSngbèi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tide shū bl wōde duō sānbèi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Six is three times as much as two.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He has four times as many books as I.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jlnniánde shōurù bl qùnián duō yíbèi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This year’s income is twice last year's.</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As you see, if you use </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">li&ngbèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "two times," in a comparison sentence, the meaning comes out to "the base amount </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">plus</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> two times the base amount," i.e., three times the base amount. Likewise, if you use </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yíbèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "one time," the meaning is "the base amount </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">plus</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> one time the base amount," or in other words, twice the base amount.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This conversation takes place on one of the China Travel Service tom: buses. The bus is on its way to the Capital Iron and Steel Company in Liaoning province. Jane Colihan (A), an American economist, talks with Ling Li (B) of the China Travel Service.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: K&lāhàn Nushì, nín háishi gěnhui-lai le!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shíjiān zài Jin, wō yě děi gǎn-huilai cānguān Shōudū Gāngtiě gōng-sī a!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō xiāng, nimen zhèicì dào Dōng-běi cānguān, yào qùde dìfang nàme duō, shíjiān yídìng hěn jlnzhāng, dàgài zhèi liāngtiān hái huíbulái. Mei xiāngdào, ānpaide hái bú cud.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ng, Dōngběi fāngmian gāode hěn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hāo, wōmen cānguānde dìfang Jiāo-tōng dōu hěn fāngbian. Yánzhe tiělù, gōnglù, yízhàn yízhàn cān-guānguòqu, zhème duō rénde cānguān-tuán, shénme wèntí dōu méiyou fā-shēng, dàjiā dōu hěn mānyì, zhēn shi gāode bú cuò.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín tài kèqi le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bú shi kèqi, zhèi shi zhēnde. Duì le, zhèicì iSxíng, wō hái fā-xiànle yíjiàn hěn yōu yìside shir.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shénme shir a?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Péi wōmen cānguānde yíwèi n3 gōngzuò rényuán, cōngqián zài yíge rénmín gōngshè zuò shèyuán, hòulái hái zài yíge gōngchāng zuò gōngren, liāngnián yiqián kāishi zài Luxíng-shè gōngzuò, tā zhēn shi yíwèi hāo dāoyōu.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Tā shì bu shi Hěilōngjiāng rén?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ms. Colihan, you made it back after all!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No matter how pressed I was for time, I had to get back in time to visit the Capital Iron and Steel Company!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I thought there were so many places you wanted to go on this trip to Manchuria that you would be very rushed and wouldn’t be able to get back by today or tomorrow. I’m surprised it was so well arranged.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yeah. The people in Manchuria did quite a good job. Every place we visited, transportation was convenient. Visiting each stop along the railroad and highway, with a tour group of that size, no problems came up, and everyone was very pleased. It was really well handled.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s so nice of you to say that.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m not Just saying it, it’s the truth! Oh yes, I found out something very interesting during the trip.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A woman on the staff that accompanied us on the trip used to be a commune member, then became a worker in a factory, and then started to work in the (China) Travel Service two years ago. She’s really a great guide.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is she a native of Hěilōngjiāng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bú shi, tā bú shi Heilongjiang rén, kāshi tā duì nàrde qíngkuàng húi zhěn shúxi. Lìshī, wénhuà, gōngyè, nōngyè, shénme tā dōu zhǐ-dao. Ting tā tánqilai zhěn yǒu yìsi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wǒ zhìdao tā shi shéi le, tā cǒng-qiān shi qìchē zhìzàochāngde gōngren, xiànzài shi Luxíngshède xiān-jìn gōngzuòzhě. Tā Jiào Jin Xiāo-méi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì le, duì le. Ni zhè yì shuō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wō dào xiāngqilai le, yǒu yìtiǎn wǒmen zuòde nèibù qìchē huàile, dàjiā dōu hěn dānxìn, wǒmen xiāng wǒmen yídìng gāhbushàng cānguān le. Kāshi nèiwèi xiānjin gǒngzuǒ-zhě hé jige rén zài qìchē xiàbianr mángle yìhuīr, bú dào shífēn zhǒng ba, chē Jiu xiūhāo le!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Suóyi nèitiǎn nimen hāishi àn yōulān Jìhuà, yào qùde dìfang dōu qù le?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi a. WǑ yǒu shihour Jiù xiāng,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhèiwèi Jin Xiāoméi zhēn shi xiáng-dāng cōngmingde rén, tā zānme bú qù shàng dàxué ne? Shi bu shi Wénhuà Dà Gémìngde shihou yǒu shénme shì-qing gāocuǒ le?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ò, méi shenme shìqing. Xiànzài bù guān zài nār gōngzuò dōu yǒu hěn duō JIhui niàn shǔ.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: 6, shi ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a, bifang shuō, wǒmen Jln-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tiān yào cānguānde zhèige gāngtiě gongsI ba, llngdāo hàozhāo zhígōng zài yèyú shíjiān xuéxí jìshu.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yǒu hěn duō rén cānjiā ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yǒu. Jīnniān zài yèdàxué xuān kède zhígōng děngyú Wénhuà Dà Gé-mìng ylqiánde liàng- sānbèi.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, she's not a native of Hēilǒng-jiāng, but she really knows the place well. History, culture, industry, agriculture, you name it. She's very interesting to listen to.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I know who she is. She used to be a worker in an automobile manufacturing plant, and now she's one of the Travel Service's advanced workers. Her name is Jǐn Xiāoméi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right, right. That reminds me, one day our bus broke down, and everyone was very worried. We didn’t think we could possibly make it in time for our tour. But that advanced worker worked under the bus for a while with some other people, and in less than ten minutes the bus was fixed!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So that day, you still made it to all the places you were supposed to go, according to your tour schedule?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. Sometimes I think to myself, this Jin Xiāoméi is really quite a smart person, why doesn't she go to college? Did she do something wrong during the Cultural Revolution?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, no. Now, no matter where you work, you have a lot of opportunities to study.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, really?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sure. For example, the iron and steel company that we're going to visit today: the leaders appeal to the workers and staff to study technology in their spare time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are there a lot of people taking part?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. The number of staff and workers taking nit., "selecting"! classes at evening universities this year</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is equal to two or three times the number before the Cultural Revolution.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Qíngkuàng hēn hlo a! Nàme Wénhuà Dà Gémìngde shihou ne? Yōu méiyou yèdàxué a?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nèi shihou, zhěnggèr guōjiā dou</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bèi gǎode luànqībāzāo le, hái yōu shénme yèdàxué a!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài hào le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xiànzài hàoduō le, gōngsī yōu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shitang, yōu yòuéryuán, niánqīng gōngren bú yōng shuō le, Jiù shi yōu háizide zhígōng yě yōu tiáo-Jiàn shàng dàxué la!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zenme, gōngsīde zhígōng dōu zhù</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài gōngsī sùshèli ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shōudū Gangtie Gōngsī bī yíge xiào chéng hái dà, bàifēn zhī qī-bāshí yīshàngde zhígōng hé Jiāshǔ dōu zhù zai gōngsīde sùshèli, shàng, xià ban fàngbian, shēnghuō fangbian.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nà hào, nà zhēn kéyi yōu shíjiān</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">niàn yìdiánr shǔ le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Suōyi cōngmingde, nūlì xuéxíde</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">niánqīngrén yídìng yōu bànfá niàn shūde.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì. Ng, wō hái yōu yíge wèntí.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shénme wèntí?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō háoxiàng zài bàoshang háishi zài nár kànjianguo yìpiǎn wénzhāng, shuō Chángjiāng fūjìn, ò, Changjiang yínán yě yōu yíge xiàr.dài-huàde gāngtiě gōngsī, bi Shōudū Gangtie Gōngsī hái dà.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì a.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Chángjiāng yínán shi zhòr.<yàode</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s good! And what about </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">during </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the Cultural Revolution? Were there evening universities then?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Back then, the whole country was messed up. Evening universities? Hardly!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Now it’s better.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Much better. The company has dining halls and kindergartens. Not only young workers, even staff and workers with children are able to take (evening) university courses.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What? The staff and workers of the company all live in company housing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The Capital Iron and Steel Company is even bigger than a town. More than seventy or eighty percent of the staff and workers and their families live in company housing. It makes it more convenient to go to work and to get home from work, and makes daily life more convenient.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s good. Then they really have time to study.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So the smart young people who work hard are assured of the chance to go to school.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. Uh, I have another question.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I remember seeing an article, I think in the newspaper or somewhere, that said that in the Yangtze River area, no, to the south of the Yangtze, there is another modern iron and steel company that’s even larger than the Capital Iron and Steel Company.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The area to the south of the Yangtze</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nōngyèqū, cōng fāzhàn jīngjishang kin, hàoxiàng yōu yìdiànr bú tài héshì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì, gōngyè wūràn duì nōngyè fāzhàn méiyou hàochu, wōmen zài xiàng bànfà. Shōudū gangtie gōng-sī yě yōu wūrànde wèntí, nl zhidao, zhòng gōngyè duì shōudū lái shuō kě bú tài héshì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nàme nide yìsi shi, Beijīng bù zhǔnbèi zài fāzhàn zhòng gōngyè le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì, zhèi yidiàn, zhèngfǔde jué-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dìng shi hěn qīngchude, wōmen děi bà Běijīng Jiànshèchéng yíge yōu wénhuà, shēnghuō fāngbian, jīngji fādá, yòu fěicháng gānjingde chéngshì.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hào, wō xiàng wō xiànzài bījiào</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qīngchu le.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ei, Kàlàhàn Nushì, wō zhèr hái yōu liàngyàng shulguō, wōmen bà ta xiāomiè le ba!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: ’’Xiāomiè" le? Hào, hào. Wō dào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shi dìyīcì tlngjian zhèige shuōfàr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Kuài yào dào le, shulguō bù qīng ne, cānguǎnde shihou názhe ta duō lèi ya, háishl xiànzài bà ta chile hào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hào, nà jiu xièxie le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is an important agricultural area, from the point of view of economic development it doesn’t seem to be too appropriate.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. Industrial pollution isn’t good for agricultural development. We’re working on it. The Capital Iron and Steel Company also has a pollution problem. Heavy industry isn’t very appropriate for a capital city, you know.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then you mean that Běijīng isn’t planning to develop their heavy industry any further?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right. On this point, the government’s decision is very clear. We should build Běijīng into a cultural city, convenient to live in, economically developed—and very clean.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, I think I understand better now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, Ms. Colihan, I still have a couple of fruits here, let’s polish them off!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">’’Polish them off?" Ohhh. That’s the first time I’ve ever heard that expression.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’re almost there. The fruit is kind of heavy. It would be a bother to carry it around while we tour. It would be better to eat it now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right, then thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Ih this exercise, an American visiting the Beijing Wristwatch Factory talks with the responsible person of the workers’ family living quarters.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you’ll probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions below as you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-dong (counter for buildings)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yèdàxue evening university</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-men (counter for school courses)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yàoburfin otherwise</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What is the factory’s family housing like?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. What problem do the staff, workers, and technical personnel who live in the cities have?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What activity may workers participate in? How many workers do this T</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents :'?r the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, an American tourist visiting a train engine factory-in the north of China stops in at the kitchen of the factory’s dining hall and talks vith the chef.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dà shīfu chef</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chang to taste</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lìngwài other</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dongbù the eastern part of a country</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wúxī (city in Jiāngsū province)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiangnǎn the area south of the lover</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">reaches of the Yangtze River</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bú shi tiènde Jiù shi lade if it isn’t sweet, then it’s hot</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nóngchāng farm</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yúchāng fishery</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Was the chef expecting a visitor? How can you tell?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Where is the chef from? (Give both the city.and where it is situated.)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What kinds of food do people from that area like?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. Where does the chef get his vegetables?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. What happened to the factory’s food supply during the Cultural Revolution? What appeal did the factory’s leadership make in 1977, and what was the result?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this exercise, you will hear a conversation "between an American student and a young man in Beijīng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhāi huār</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">■;o pick flowers</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Huángzhuāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(name of a commune)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">z3ng shōurù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">total income</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fSnzhèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">anyway</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tuī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to push</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wàihuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">foreign exchange</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gāozhòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">senior high school</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-duò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(counter for flowers)</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Where does the young man live?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. How is his production brigade doing? How does he know about these things?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What does his father like to do?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What are the young man’s plans for the future?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American visiting the Běijīng Wristwatch Factory talks with the responsible person of the workers’ family living quarters.</span></p>
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nīmen chāngde jiāshù sùshè dōu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hěn gānjing, yě dōu hěn xīn ma!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wōmen chāngde sùshè hái suàn bú cuō, chāng līngdǎo shuō hái yào zài gài jī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xīn sùshè ne!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Sùshè hái bú gòu ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú gòu, wōmen chang lí chéngli</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhēn yuān, zhù zai chénglide zhígōng shàng xià ban hái zhēn shi yōu diānr bù fàngbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài hái yōu hěn duō gōngren</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhù zai chéngli ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yōu, hái yōu bù shāo jìshu rén-yuán yě zhù zai chéngli. Tèbié shi nèixiē bú zài yíge chang gōngzuòde shuāngzhígōng, shàng xià ban jī gōnggòng qìchě, bī shàng ban hái lèi, shíjiān chángle zenme xíng ne? Suōyī wōmen zài máng yě děi kuài yidiānr duō gài jīdòng zhígōng sùshè.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ràng tǎmen dōu ban dào chéngwài</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lái zhù?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù, tamen kéyi zhù zai sùshèli, měige Xīngqīliù hui jiā jiu xíng le. Zhèiyangr, Xīngqīyī dào Xīng-qīwùde yèyú shíjiān tǎmen jiu kéyi zài wōmen chāngde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yèdàxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> xuān kè, nà duō hāo!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài zài yèdàxué niàn shūde</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngren duō ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù shāo, chàbuduō yōu yíbàn yī-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shàngde qīngnián gōngren dōu xuān yì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">mén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, liíngmén kè. Tīng lāoshī-men shuō, xiànzài xuéshēngde shuīpíng dōu kuài yào gānshang Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīqiánde xuéshēng lai</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Your factory’s family housing is all very clean and very new!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Our factory’s housing is pretty good. The factory’s leadership says that a few more buildings are going to be built, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Isn’t there enough housing yet?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No. Our factory is very far from the city. It’s really pretty inconvenient for the staff and workers who live in the city to get to and from work.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are there still a lot of workers living in town?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, and there are also a lot of technical personnel living in town. Especially for those working couples who don’t work in the same factory, wrestling with the buses before and after work is even more tiring than work itself. How can you expect them to keep that up very long? So no matter how busy we are, we have to put up a few new buildings for staff and workers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">And have them all move from the town out here?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, they can stay in the dormitories here, but go home every Saturday. That way, from Monday to Friday, they can take courses after work at our factory’s evening university, which would be great.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are there a lot of workers taking classes at the evening university now?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Quite a few. Roughly over half of our young workers take one or two courses. According to the teachers, the students’ level has practically caught up with the pre-Cultural Revolution level.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Kěxl wōde shíjiān ānpaide tài JIn, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yàoburán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wō hái zhēn xiāng zài yedàxue tīngting kè ne.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nín méi shíjiān ting kè, qù hé yè dàxuéde lāoshl tántan yě hāo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font15" style="text-decoration:underline;">TpM</span><span class="font15"> <sub>f</sub></span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ng, kéyi ting tāmen Jièshào Jiě—</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shào qíngkuàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zōu, women dào bàngōngshl qu,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qing dāoyōu tóngzhì xiànzài Jiù péi nimen qù yítàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hāo, zSu.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's too bad that I have such a tight schedule, otherwise I’d really like to sit in on some evening university classes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you don’t have time to sit in on any classes, why not go talk with some of the evening university’s teachers?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm, I could get some information about the university from them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let’s go to the office and ask the guide to accompany us right now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, let’s go.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American tourist (A) visiting a train engine factory in the north of China stops in at the kitchen of the factory dining hall and talks with the chef (B).</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dà shlfu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, mángzhe na?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bù máng, bù máng, Jìnlai zuò, wō gěi nimen chāole liāngge xiāo cài, qing nimen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chángc</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hang.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wǒmen zài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lìngwài</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yige shítáng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chīguo fàn le, chide hāo bāo.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zài bāo yě děi chángchang, zhèi shi tángcùde, wō zhīdao nimen xīhuan chī.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wǒ Jide wō zài nār chīguo, duì le, shi zài Huáshèngdùnde yíge Zhōngguó fànguānrli, měicì qù wō dǒu qīng tamen zuò zhèige.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xīhuan chī Jiu bā ta dōu chile ba! Nī gāngcái shuōde nèige fàn-guānr shi Shànghǎi fànguānr ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shi. Hòulái wō líkāi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dōngbù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiu zài yě méi chīguo nàme hāochlde cài le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Lái, bā ta dōu xiāomièle, wān-shang wō zài gěi nimen zuò biéde.</span></p></li></ul>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You must be very busy, chef.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, no, come in and sit down. I made a couple of little stir-fried dishes for you. Please try them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’ve already eaten in another dining hall. We’re very full.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No matter how full you are you must try them. This one is sweet and sour, I know you people like that.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I remember having this somewhere. Oh yes, it was in a Chinese restaurant in Washington. Whenever I went there I used to ask them to make this.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">If you like it, then eat it all! Is the restaurant you Just mentioned a Shànghǎi-style restaurant?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. Later I left the east and never had such delicious food again.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Come on, polish it off. Tonight I’ll make you some other things.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xièxie nín, dà shīfu. Nín bú shi zhèrde rén ba?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú shi, wō shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Wúxī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rén.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zài Chang Jiang yīběi?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: òu, nl gāocuò le, Chángjiàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yinán!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō fáxiàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāngnán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> rén xihuan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tiánde hé làde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you. Chef, you’re not from this area, are you?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, I’m from Wúxī.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">North of the Yangtze River?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, you’ve got it wrong, south of the Yangtze!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I notice that people from Jiāngnán Cthe area south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze] like sweet foods and hot foods.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">'B: Zhèi dào shi duìde. WSmen Jiāng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nán rén zuò cài </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bú shi tiánde Jiù shi làde</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nīmen shítáng měitiān yòng zhème</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duō cài, dōu shi cōng fújìn gǒngshè màide ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Náli?.’ Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīqián</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wōmen zhèige zhìzàochàng hé biéde dà cháng yíyàng, dōu yōu zìjīde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">nōngchàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. càidì shenmede. Dà shítángde cài bú yòng shuō le, Jiù shi yòuéryuán háizimen chide shuī-guō shenmede yé dōu shi zìjī zhòngde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hòulái ne?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hòulái, Wénhuà Dà Gémìng le, nōngchàng, càidì dōu bèi gàode luànqībāzāo, chide dōngxi zhēn Jīnzhǎng, yú a, ròude bú yòng shuō le, lián cài dōu bú gòu chī le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That’s true enough. When we people from Jiāngnán cook, if it isn’t sweet then it’s hot.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You use so much food here in your dining hall, do you buy it all from the neighboring communes?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, no! Before the Cultural Revolution our factory had its own farm, vegetable plots, and so on, as other large factories did. Of course, we grew the food used in the large dining halls, but we even grew all the fruits and things the children in the kindergartens ate.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">And then?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then it was the Cultural Revolution, and the farm and vegetable plots were ruined. Food was in very short supply. Fish and meats were of course tight, but there weren’t even enough vegetables .</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font13">A: Xiànzài hlo le.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Now it’s better.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yī Jiú qī qī nián, cháng līngdào In 1977, the factory leadership hàozhāo quánchàng gōngren gaohāo appealed to all the factory’s workers shěnghuō, nōngchàng a, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yúch&ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> a, to improve daily living conditions, you bànqilai le, qíngxing Jiu hào- We started the farm and the fishery</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duō le. Nī kàn, zènme duō cài, again, and things were much better.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">*The reason for the phrasing of this sentence is that the food used in the large dining halls (that is, where the workers eat) is of relatively low quality, while the fruits and foods for the kindergarten children are of a fancier grade. The chef thus means, "We didn’t Just grow low quality foods, we even grew fancy things.’’</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chàbuduō dōu shi zìjī shēngchānde, you piányi you xīnxian, duō hāo!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Shíjiān bù zāo le, an jìhua wōmen</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hái dei qù cānguān yìliāngge dìfang ne!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo, hui tour jiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hui tōur jiàn.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">See all these vegetables, we produced almost all of them ourselves. They’re inexpensive, and fresh, too. What could be better.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s getting late, and according to our schedule we’re supposed to visit another couple of places’.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right. See you later.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">See you later.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American student in China (A) is walking from Beijing University into town one weekend. (Not many people would do this, because it is a two-hour walk.) Near the People’s University (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Rénmín Dàxué</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) on H&idiàn Lù, she stoops down to pick a flower on the side of the road. A boy holding a hoe calls out to her.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wèi! Bié </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhāi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bié zhāi! Zhè huār bù néng suíbiàn zhāi ya!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duìbuql. Zhèixiē huār dōu shi nimen zhòngde ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì, yánzhe zhèitiáo gōnglù yìzhí</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dào dòngwuyuan, lùbiānrshangde huār dōu shi wōmen zhòngde.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nī shi Rénmín Dàxuéde gōngren?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú shi, wō shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Huángzhuāng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dàduìde shèyuán.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nī Jiālide rén dōu zài Huángzhuāng ma?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zài Huángzhuāng jiù yōu wō fùmu gēn wō.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nl yōu xiōngdì jiēmèi ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yōu, wō yōu yíge gēge zài tielù-shang gōngzuò, shi huōchē sijì. Yōu yíge gēge zài Shōudū Gāngtie Gōngsī gōngzuò, tīngshuǒ tǎmen zhìzàode dōngxi yōu bù shāo hái chū guo ne!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hey! Don’t pick those! ■ Don’t pick those! Those flowers aren’t for picking!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m sorry. Did you plant these flowers?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. We planted all the flowers along the side of the highway all the way to the zoo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are you a worker from the People’s University?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, I’m a commune member from Huángzhuāng Production Brigade.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Is your whole family in Huángzhuāng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In Huángzhuāng there are only my parents and myself.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do you have brothers and sisters?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, I have an older brother who works on the railroad. He’s an engineer. And I have an older brother who works at the Capital Iron and Steel Company. I understand that a lot of the things they manufacture go abroad.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nimen dàduìde shēngchān jìnxíng-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">de zěnmeyàng a?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō ting wō fùqin shuō, cóng chān-liàngshang kàn, wǒmen dàduìde qíngkuàng bú cuò. Jlnnián wǒmen dàduì-de </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zōng shōurù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> děngyú Wénhuà Dà Gé-mìng shínián shōurùde yíbèi!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: He! Zhèi shi zhěnde?!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō mā yě nàme shuō, Wénhuà Dà Gémìng nèi shihou wō hái xiāo, dà-duìli fāshēngde shir, wō dōu bù zěnme qīngchu. Wō Jiù J ide nèi shihou tiāntián kāi huì, ni shuō dàrenmen máng ba, hāoxiàng yě bù zěnme máng, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">f&nzhèng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> shi kàn tamen zōngshi bú tài gāoxìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài ni Jiāli rén dōu gāoxìng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Gāoxìng, tèbié shi wō mā, yí dào Xīngqītiān Jiu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tuls</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hang yíbù xiāo chě, shàng zìyōu shichǎng le. Tā chang gēn wō shuō, háishi zhèihuìr-de zhèngcè hāo a!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ni zìjī zěnmeyàng a? Yōu shénme dāsuan meiyou a?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yōu, wō fùqin zhòng huārde Jìshu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kě gāo la! Tā zhòngle yíbèizi huār. Tā gěn wō shuō zánmen zhèr shi fēngjlngqū, zánmen bā huār zhònghāole, néng gěi guójiā zhuàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wàihuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ya!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ni Jinnián shíji le?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shísì le. Wō fùqin hái zhāolai yìběn shǔ, shi guānyú zhòng huārde, wō Jintiǎn wàng zai Jiāli le, xià-cì ni Jīngguò zhèr wō zài gěi ni kàn. Wō fùqin shuō nà shi kěxué zhòng huār, ràng wo hǎohāor xué.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ni xiāng bu xiāng shàng dàxué?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How is your brigade's production going?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">My father says that from the point of view of yield, our brigade is doing well. This year the total income of the brigade is equal to one time the income over the ten years of the Cultural Revolution!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wow! Is that true?!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">My mother says the same thing. I was still young during the Cultural Revolution, and I don't know very well what went on in our brigade. I Just remember that during that time there were meetings every day. But were the grown-ups really busy?—not really. In any case, they never looked very happy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">But now everybody in your family is happy, aren't they?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. Especially my mother. Every Sunday she goes to the free market, pushing a little cart'. She often says to me that the Cgovernment'sJ policy is much better now.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What about yourself? Do you have any plans?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, ny father is a real expert at growing flowers. He's been growing flowers all his life. He told me that this is a scenic area, and if we planted flowers, we could bring in a lot of foreign exchange for the state.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How old are you this year? Cpre-suming him to be a teenager]</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fourteen. My father even got a book on flower growing. I left it at home today, but the next time you pass by here I'll show it to you. My father says that it's scientific flower growing and told me to study it hard.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do you want to go to college?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xiíng shàng! Hòuniàn w3 Jiù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gāo-zh5ng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hìyè le, w8 kào Nongyè Dàxué, Jiù xué zhòng huār.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes! The year after next I graduate from high school and I'm going to take the exam for Agricultural University. I'm going to study flower growing.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hào! Zàijiàn! Great! So long!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zàijiàn! Bié Jí, wo gěi ni zhǎi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">liǎn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gduS</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> huǎr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So long! Hold on, let me pick</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">you a couple of flowers.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xièxie ni. Thanks.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <h3><a name="bookmark40"></a><span class="font20" style="font-style:italic;"><a name="bookmark41"></a>2Dk</span></h3>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Zài Guàngzhōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāoyìhuìs</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hang jiù zuò </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chūkōud</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e TnXimai ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú jiù shi chùkōu, yě yōu hěn duō ren zài nar tán </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jìnkōu màoyi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Zhèi Jīge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jīngji tèqū</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yuè lái yuè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fánrōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a! </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jìnchūkōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> màoyi, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiǎ-gong</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngyè yuè gāo yuè duō le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do they only do export business at the Guángzhōu Trade Fair?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not just export business. Many people also do import trade there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">These special economic zones are getting more and more prosperous.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes! Import-export trade and the processing industry are on the upswing.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">3.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Guángj iǎohuìs</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hangde dōngxi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiaqian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "zenmeyàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiàqian dōu hái bú cuò, vàiguó </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shāngren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hěn shào yōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kōng-shōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> huíqude.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How are the prices at the Gu&ngzhōu Trade Fair?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The prices are pretty good. It’s very seldom that a foreign businessman goes home empty-handed.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">4. A: Jīngji tèqǔde Zhōngguō gōngren shōurù bījiào gāo, nà hui bu hui </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chūxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yíge xīnde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiējj</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Since the income of Chinese workers in the special economic zones is higher, is it possible a new class will appear?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Méiyou nàme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánzhòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">! Gèjí zhèngfù hui àn zhèngcè bande.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It’s not that serious! Every level of the government will go according to policy.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: Zhōngguō zhèngfǔ shi bu shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiànzhi xiǎofèipīnd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e j ìnkōu?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dāihuīr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wō gěi nín ná yífènr cáiliào, nín </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yí</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> kàn </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qīngchu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Does the Chinese government restrict consumer-good imports?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ll bring you some materials in a while. As soon as you read them you’ll know the answer.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Zài yíge gōngchángli, gōngzuò </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiàolfl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gāode gōngren cái néng tígāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngzī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, duì ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì a! </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Duō lao duō dé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In a factory only workers with high efficiency can get a pay raise, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right! More pay for more work, you know!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Lio Zhang, Jīntiān kāi shénme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huānsònghuì?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hulnsòn^</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Ōuzhōude </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">lush! dàibiīotuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Yōule Zhōng-Měi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hli^ùn tiáo^uē </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yīhòu, yánhli yfdài jiù gèng rènao le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì a, kànqilai yīhòude shí-nián, zhèi Jīge dà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hǎiglng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huì yòu dà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guìmōd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e fāzhān.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Nl tīngdao </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiāoxi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le meiyou? Jintiān wlnshang yòu hěn zhòngyàode rén lái.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: JIntiānde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wlnhuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yídìng hěn yōu yìsi, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiānwàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bié win le</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Lio Zhang, what’s the farewell meeting for today?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We’re sending off the European delegation of lawyers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Since the Sino-American sea transportation treaty, the coastal region has become even busier.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. It looks as if these large ports will experience tremendous growth in the next decade.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have you heard the news? Some very important people are coming tonight.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tonight’s party is sure to be interesting. You mustn't be late!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font16">10.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> A: Wō yào cānguān Jiàoxué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shèbèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. I want to see the educational equipment.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiàoxué shèbèi d5u </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jízhòng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàtíngl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">i le, huānyíng cānguān.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The educational equipment is. all together in this large hall. You're welcome to see it.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font16">11.</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> A: Zhōng-Měi lilngguō wèile zài gèfāngmiàn jinxing </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hézuò dingh</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lole bù shlo jìhuà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: í?g. Gang </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yùn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dao Fújiànde zhèixiē shèbèi Jiù shi nèixiē Jìhuàde yíbùfen.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China and America have made a lot of plans to cooperate in various fields.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm. The equipment which was Just shipped to Fújiàn is a part of those plans.</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Unit 8, Vocabulary List</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chūkǒu chūxiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to export to appear</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dàibiaotuán dāi huīr dating ding</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">delegation, mission in a while, later (large) hall</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to draw up (a plan); to agree on; to conclude (a treaty)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duō iSo duō dé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">more pay for more work</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fènrōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be flourishing, to be prosperous , to be booming</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fūjiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a province in south China)</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngzT</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">GuXngJiāohuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wages</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guàngzhōu (Canton) Trade Fair scale, scope, dimensions</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">h&igSng he zuò huānsòng huānsònghuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">harbor, seaport</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to cooperate; cooperation to see off, to send’ off farewell/send-off meeting</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">or party</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-Jí Jiāgōng J iāoyìhuì Jiàqian JiēJi Jìnchūkǒu JlngJi tèqū Jìnkǒu Jízhǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">level, rank, grade, stage, degree to process, to finish (a product) trade fair</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">price</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(social) class</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">import-export</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">special economic zone (SEZ)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to import</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to concentrate, to centralize</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kōngshǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">empty-handed</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">làshī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lawyer, attorney</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">màoyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">trade</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qiānvàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">without fail, be sure to</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shāngren shèbèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">businessman/businesswoman; merchant equipment,.facilities, instal</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lation</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tiáoyuē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">treaty</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wánhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">evening party; evening of entertainment</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiānzhi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiāofèipln xiàolù xiāoxi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to restrict, to limit; restriction, limitation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">consumer goods efficiency news</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yanzhòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be serious, to be grave</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yī...Jiù...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">as soon as</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yùn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to transport, to ship</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. A: Zài Guāngzhōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāoyìhuìs</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hang Do they only do export business at the jiù zuō </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chùkŌud</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e mSimal ma? GuSngzhōu Trade Fair?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú Jiù shi chùkōu, yě yōu hěn Not Just export business. Many people duō rén zài nar tán </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jìnkōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> also do import trade there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">màoyi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Ne. 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ji&oyìhuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "trade fair" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiāoyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "business, trade, transaction," and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hui</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is the same word you knov from </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kāi hui</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "to have a meeting." The full name of the GuSngzhōu Trade Fair is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngguō Chùkōu Shāngpln Jlāoyìhuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, the Chinese Export Commodities Fair (CECF).Since the first CECF in 957, every spring and autumn GuSngzhōu is inundated with businessmen and people of all walks of life connected with trade—more than 25,000 at each Fair. Chinese agricultural and industrial products are displayed in the Fairground buildings and open areas, located on HSizhū GuSngchSng (Haizhu Square) between the railroad station and the Dōngfāng Bīnguán (Dongfang Hotel). The Fair is held from April 15 to May 15 and from October 15 to November 15.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As the name implies, the CECF’s main purpose is to assist China's state trading corporations in exporting goods, but some large import contracts are signed there each year as well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Chùkōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "to export" and </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jìnkōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "to import":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">RÌběn meinián chùkōu hěn duō Japan exports a lot of cars every qìchē. year.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō zhēn bù dōng wèishénme Zhōng- I really don’t understand why the guō chūkōude dōngxi zōng shi things China exports are always</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bl guōnèi màide hào. better than those it sells domes</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tically.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">màoyi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "trade," as in </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guōnèi màoyi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "domestic trade"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">màoyi zhōngxīn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "trade center"; </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">màoyi fēng,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "trade wind."</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhèiliMngge guōjiā zuìjìn jlnián cái kSishl jinxing màoyi.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It is only in the past few years that these two countries have started have trade (with each other).</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Tán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used in the sense of "negotiate" in such phrases as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tán màoyi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "do trade (negotiating)," </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tar, shēngyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "do business," etc.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. A: Zhèi jlge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JingJi tèqǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yuè lái yuè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fénrong</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì a.! </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jìnchūkōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> màoyi, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiá-gōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gōngyè yuè gio yuè duō le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">These special economic regions are getting more and more prosperous.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes! Import-export trade and the processing industry are on the upswing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jīngji tèqǔ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Literally, "economic special-district," translated as "special economic zones," and abbreviated as SEZ. SEZs are designated areas similar to the export processing zones (EPZs) which have been extremely successful in places such as Taiwan. China established SEZs to bring in the foreign capital needed to create jobs and modernize the national economy. In these zones, foreign investors’ assets, profits, and other rights and interests are legally protected, and their operations enjoy tax and duty exemptions. Proposed investment projects are examined and approved by the Provincial A</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rim-l</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nìat.ration of the SEZ, which also draws up its own development plans and organizes their implementation. The SEZs compete with each other for foreign Investment As of 1981» Guángdōng province had three SEZs—Shēnzhèn, ZhūhXi (near Macao), and Shàntōu—and other SEZs had been established in Fújiàn province and HXinán Island. A wide variety of enterprises have already been set up.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fénrōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "to be flourishing/prosperous/booming"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Rìbénde shàngyè h?n fénrōng. Japan’s commerce is flourishing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shfnián ylhōu, zhèige dìfang huì Ten years from now, this place will biànde gèng fánrŌng le. become even more prosperous.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Cōng zhèige zhSnlánhuìshangde From the things in this exhibition, dōngxi, nl kéyi kàndao fin- you can see the flourishing</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rōngde Mélguō wénhuà. American culture.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Fánrōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can also mean "to make something prosper":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bàn Jiàoyìhuìde mùdi Jiù shi yào The purpose of holding trade fairs fánrōng JingJi. is to promote economic prosperity.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">.Hāgōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: (1) "to finish" a product, i.e., to work on a half-finished or finished article to make it more perfect or finer; (2) "to process" a raw material into a finished product.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. A: </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Gulngj iàohuìs</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hangde dōngxi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiaqian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zénmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiàqian dōu hái bú cuò, wàiguó </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shlngren</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bin shāo yōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kǒngshōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> huíqude.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hov are the prices at the Guàngzhōu Trade Fair?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The prices are pretty good. . It’s very seldom that a foreign businessman goes home empty-handed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">GuàngJi&ohuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: This is an abbreviation of </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">GuSngzhōu Jiāoyìhuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jiaqian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "price"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige píngguō shénme Jiàqian? How much are these apples?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Timende dōngxi hén hSo, Jiàqian Their things are very good, and the</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yé bú cuò. prices are pretty good, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiàng Jiàqian</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "to bargain, to haggle":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài Zhǒngguóde shāngdiànli, bù You cannot bargain in stores in China, kéyi Jiàng Jiàqian, dànshi but you can in the free markets,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài zìyōu shìch&ngshang kéyi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">kǒngshōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "empty-handed" </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Kong-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means "to be empty," as in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige xiāngzl shi kǒngde. This case is empty.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Kǒngshōu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used, adverbially:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō bù hào yìsi kǒngshōu dào I would be embarrassed to go to</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tà Jià qu. his house empty-handed.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. A: JlngJi tèqǔde Zhōngguó gōngren shōurù bíjiào gāo, nà huì bu huì </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chūxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yíge xìnde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JigJi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ne?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Since the income of Chinese workers in the special economic regions is higher, is it possible a new class will appear?</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Méiyou nàme </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yánzhòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">! Gèjí zhèngfǔ hui àn zhengcè bànde.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It*8 not that serious! Every level of the government will go according to policy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chuxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to appear" As with </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎshěng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "to happen," which you learned in the previous unit, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chūxiàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">followed</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in the sentence by the thing that appears, whereas in English the thing usually </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">precedes</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "appear" ("Will a new class appear?").</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige wèntí zài gang chúxiànde shíhou, méiyou rén fàxiàn, xiànzài zhidao yijīng tài win le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tàiyang chūxiàn zài dSngfàngde shíhou, Jiù shi xlnde yìtiǎn kàishl le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige shíhou, qiánmian chǔxiàn yìtiáo dà hé, shi w8 méi xiàhgdàode.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When this problem first appeared, no one discovered it. Now that we’ve found out about it, it’s too late.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When the sun appears in the east, it means that a new day is beginning. C</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tàiyang</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ’’sun”3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At this moment, a large river appeared up ahead, something I had not expected.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiēji</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; ”(social) class” In the PRC, this word enters into many special phrases such as </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">JiēJi Jiàoyu</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "class education” (which consists of recounting the difficult past to schoolchildren and younger workers).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shìjièshang méiyou yíge méiyou JiēJide shèhuì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yénzhòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "to be serious, to be</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige qíngkuàng xiāngdāng yánzhòng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōngguó y8u yánzhongde rénkSu wèntí.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige wèntí bú shi yánzhòng dào yídìng yào qing lìngdào lái Juédìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl hái méi kànchū zhèige wèntíde yánzhòngxìng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-Jí: "level, rank, stage, grade</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèi yijí līngdào hái bù néng Juédìng zēnme ban, nl dēi zh&o shàngjí līngdào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Gànbu yígùng y8u èrshiliù Jí, shíjí yíshàngde kéyi kàn yìzhSng pútSng rén kànbudàode bàozhl.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nl zhè xié zhēn gāojí!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There is no society in the world which is without classes.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">grave”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This situation is quite serious.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China has a serious population problem.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This problem is not so serious that we have to ask our leader to decide it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You still haven’t discerned the seriousness of this problem.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">degree"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This level leader cannot decide what to do. You must go to an upper-level leader.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Altogether, there are twenty-six grades of cadres. Those above grade ten may read a newspaper that ordinary people c</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ann</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ot read. (The </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Cānkào Zīliào</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Reference Mat erlals")</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">These shoes of yours are really classy!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">5. A: ZhSngguó zhèngffl shì bu shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiànzhi xiSofèipínd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e Jìnk8u?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> Dàihuír</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> w8 gèi nín ná yífènr cáiliào, nín yí kàn Jiù qīngchu le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Does the Chinese government restrict consumer-good imports?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ll bring you some materials in a while. As soon as you read them you'll know the answer.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiànzhi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to restrict, to limit"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 àiren xiànzhi w3 mèige yuè chōu qíkuài qiánde yān.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Welle xiànzhi rénmínde zìyóu, zhèngfù dingle bù shào gulju.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài gSosù gōnglùshang, b£ qìchē-de sùdu xiànzhi zài wùshiwǔ-yīnglī yíxià shi bijiào héshìde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Y8u bù shSo xiànzhi zhen rang rén gàobudSng wèishénme yào zhème zuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yīnwèi shíjiánde xiànzhi, w8 méi néng zuòdao w8 kéyi zuòde nàme hào.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">or restriction, limitation"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">My spouse limits me to smoking seven dollars' worth of cigarettes a month.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The government has set up a lot of. miles to restrict the people's freedom.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It is rather appropriate to limit the speed of cars on the expressway to fifty-five miles an hour.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">There are many restrictions that leave one at a loss as to why one has to do it that way.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Because of time restrictions, I was not able to do as well as I could have.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be restricted" (liter</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xiànzhi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often used in the phrase </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shòu xiànzhi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ailly, "to receive restriction"):</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zài nèige guójiā, wàiguo rén ifixíng shòudao hàn dà xiànzhi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiSofèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to consume"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige gSngchMng yìtiSn xiSofèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">duíshào meitàn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yiqián BSiJīng Jiù shi yíge xiSofèi chéngshì, shénme yě bù shēngchSn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Xlàofèizhé</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is a "consumer."</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">in that country, foreigners are very restricted when they travel.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How much coal does this factory consume a day?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bèijīng used to be Just a consumer city; it didn't produce a thing.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dSihuír</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: A Běijīng expression of "in (after) a while":</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">DSlhuír w8 song ni huiqu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">equivalent to </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">děng yihuīr</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in the sense</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In a little while, I'll take you back.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 xiànzài xiān qù y3u diānr shi, dāihuīr Jiù lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let me first go and take care of something I have to do; I’ll be back in a minute.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yf.. .Jiù...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "as soon as...” You already know that </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> means ’’then” in the sense of immediately thereafter, e.g.,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā shuǒwán Jiù z8u le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He left right after he finished speaking.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When using the adverb </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, ”as soon as,” </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is often used in the folloving clause.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ yí dào, wímen Jiù kéyi z8u le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tiān yí liàng, tā Jiù qīlai kāi-shī gōngzuS.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W3 yí kàn Jiù míngbai le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">TS yì ting zhèiJù huà Jiù Jí le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 yì fāxiàn hùzhào dlū le, mā-shàng Jiù dào līngshìguān qù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">TS zānme yí qù Jiù shi bàntiǎn?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We can leave as soon as he gets here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As soon as it gets light out, he gets up and starts to work.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I understood as soon as I looked at it (OR read it).</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He got anxious (upset) as soon as he heard this sentence.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As soon as I discovered that I had lost my passport, I immediately went to the consulate.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What’s taking him so long?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Sometimes </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yī,. .Jiù...</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is used in the sense of ”every time,” or "whenever” (i.e., once certain conditions come about, something is sure to happen):</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 duì zhèrde lù hái bù shú, yì bú zhùyì Jiù huì zāucuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Píngcháng tā hān máng, kāshi yí dào Xlngqītiin, tā Jiù yào kāi chě chūqu vánr.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W?5 yì hā Jill Jiù téu yūn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā māicì yì y8u wèntí Jiù xiāng-dào wB, méi wèntíde shihou conglál bú Jìzhe wB.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’m still not very familiar with the roads here. I go the wrong way whenever I’m not paying attention.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Usually he is very busy, but when Sunday comes he always goes out in his car to have fun.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I get dizzy whenever I drink.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He thinks of me whenever he has a problem, but never remembers me when he doesn’t have any problems.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">YI</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is sometimes used without </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> in a following clause, as in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wā gāng yì ting hāoxiàng bú duì, When I first heard it, it didn’t sound hèulál yì xiāng, duì le. right, but then after I thought about</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">it, CI realized! it was right.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">6. A: Zài yíge gōngchǎngli, gōngzuò </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiàolÒ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> gǎode gōngren cái n4ng tígǎo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngzī</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. dui ba?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Duì a! </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">DuS láo duō de</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> ma!</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In a factory only workers with high efficiency can get a pay raise, right?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Right! More pay for more work, you know!-</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiao15</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "efficiency"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tāde xuéxí xiàolū hén gāo, yì-tián néng kàn bù shāo shū, hái néng jìzhu bù shāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font15">%</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Welle tígǎo shíjián xiàolū, wSmen bìxū Jízhong lìliàng.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He is very efficient in his studies. He can read a lot in one day and can remember a great deal too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We must pool our forces in order to increase our efficiency. (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Shijiǎn xiàolÙ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> just means efficiency within a certain period of time.)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; You have seen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> meaning "only when, not until" (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Ta míngtiǎn cái dào,</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> "He isn’t coming until tomorrow") and meaning "only in that case, not unless" (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhèlyang Zhōngguō wénhuà cái néng bǎochíxiàqù</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, "Only in this way can Chinese culture be preserved^). In sentence </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">èk<sub>t</sub></span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> the necessary condition is </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gōngzuò xiàolū gāo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Since </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> is an "adverb, it must always precede the verb (here, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">), whereas in English, "only" precedes whatever it refers to (here, the noun phrase "workers with high efficiency").</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">7. A: Lǎo ZhSng, jīntiǎn kǎi shénme Lǎo ZhSng, what's the farewell meeting </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huǎnsònghuì?</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> for today?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B:</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"> Huǎnsòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Ǒuzhōude </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">15shl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> We're sending off the European</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàibiaotuán</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. delegation of lawyers.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">huǎnsòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: Literally, "joyously send off," this give someone a send-off." The ordinary word is just</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàibiǎo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to represent, to stand for</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">WSmen bù néng dōu qù. Nī dàibiǎo, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī dàibiǎo shéi?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tǎ dàibiǎo tS gongsI qù cSnjiS nèige JlSoyìhuì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">As a prepositional verb the name of";</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàibiǎo</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can be translated as</span></p>
- <p><span class="font21" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">2*7</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">is a formal word for "to </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">sòng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">or a "representative, delegate"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We can’t all go. Why don’t you stand in, okay?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Whom do you represent?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He vent to the trade fair representing his company.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">on behalf of" or "in</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">W8 dàlbiáo LSxíngshède tóngzhì xièxie ni.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I thank you on behalf of the comrades at the China Travel Service.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">8. A: Y8ule Zhíng-Méi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">h&iyùn tiáoyuē </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yíhèu, yánhSi yídài Jiù gèng rènao le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a, kànqilai ylhòude shí-nián, zhèi Jīge dà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hSigáng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huì y8u dà </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">guímód</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e fázhXn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Since the Sino-American sea transportation treaty, the coastal region has become even busier.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. It looks as if these large ports will experience tremendous growth in the next decade.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">háiyùn tiáoyuē</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "sea transportation treaty" The word </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">tiáoyuē</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. "treaty," "pact," is used loosely here, for it was technically an "agreement" (</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiédìng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">) which was signed between the U.S. and China on September 17, 1980. The maritime transport agreement stipulates that the U.S. open all its ports to China and China open specified ports to the U.S. (some Chinese ports do not have sufficient facilities). One third of the commercial shipping is to be handled by Chinese or American vessels.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"scope, scale"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige gSngchángde guìmo bù xiāo, Jiù shi jìshu lìliang tài rud le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhSngguí dà guīmíde gài gōngyù dàléu, zhèijinián háishi dìyícì.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The scope of this factory is quite large, it's Just that its technical capability is too weak.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It is only in the past few years that China has started to build high-rise apartment buildings on a large scale.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">9. A: Ni tīngdao </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiāoxi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> le meiyou? Have you heard the news? Some very Jintiǎn wānshang y8u hān important people are coming tonight,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhdngyàode rén lái.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: JIntiānde </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wínhuì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> yídìng hèn Tonight's party is sure to be inter-y8u yìsl, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qiānwàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bié wān le. esting. You mustn't be late!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xiāoxi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "news" This has a few meanings: (1) "news" between people— "tidings"; (2) "news" reported in a newspaper, news periodical, or newscast (this meaning is shared in common with </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xlnwén</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">); (3) "information" in the sense of "intelligence," "news" about someone or something (e.g., "Is this information reliable?").</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Y8u shénme xiaoxi? What information is there?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wō gàosu nī ge hāo xiāoxi!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hén chāng shíjiān méiyou tāde xiāoxi le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">qjSnvàn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "under </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">any</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> circumstances</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qiānwàn yào xiāoxīn, tiān hēi le, lù bu hāo zōu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nī dàole yīhòu qiānwàn lái ge diànhuà.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qiānwàn bú yào wàngji bā nèibēn shū dàilai, wō míngtiān yào yong.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ZhèiJian shì, qianwàn bù néng ràng ta zhīdao.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let me give you some good news!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We haven’t heard from him</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(OR about him) for a long time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; by no means; be sure”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Be sure to be careful. It’s dark out, so it’s difficult to travel.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">When you arrive, be sure to call.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Make sure you don’t forget to bring that book; I need it for tomorrow.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He must absolutèly not find out about this.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">10. A: Wō yào cānguān Jiàoxué </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shèbèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jiàoxué shèbèi dōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jízhōng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zài zhèige </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">dàtīngl</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">i le, huānyíng cānguān.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I want to see the educational equipment.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The educational equipment is all together in this large hall. You’re welcome to see it.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 10</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">shèbèi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "equipment; facilities; installation”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yōude chāng suīrán shèbèi hān hāo, dànshi shēngchān háishi gāobuhāo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Cōng Déguō jìnkōude zhèixiē shèbèi dàbùfen shi yīxué fāng-miànde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In some factories, although the equipment is very good, production is still poor.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Most of this equipment imported from Germany is for use in medicine.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèige gōngyùde shèbèi bī zhè The facilities in this apartment fújìnde biéde gōngyù dōu hāo. building are better than those of any other in the area.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">jízhōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to concentrate; to centralize; to put together”</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bā lìliàng Jízhōng zài xué Zhōng- It won’t do to concentrate all your wénshang shi bù xíngde, yīnwei effort on studying Chinese, because</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hái yōu xìíduō biéde shì yào zuō. you have many other things to do.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèipiān wénzhāng Jízhōngle jīge This article assembles the opinions</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rénde kànfā, suōyi kànqilai of several people, so it is very</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hēn yōu yìsi. interesting to read.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zil rénkòu jízhōngde dà chéngshì zhù hén yòu yìsi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wínhuishang xūyàode dòngxi dòu yào jízhSng fànghěode.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèixiě dongxi fàng zài zhèli Jízhòng xie bù hěo ma?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It is very interesting to live in a big city with a concentrated population.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The things that will be needed at‘ the evening party should all be put together in one place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wouldn’t it be better to put those things here, all together in one place?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">11. A: Zhòng-Měi liěngguò wèile zài gèfǎngmiàn jinxing </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hézuò dìngh</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">áole bù shào jìhuà.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: íìg. Gàng </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yùn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> dao Fújiànde zhèixiě shàbèi jiù shi nèixiě jìhuàde yíbùfen.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China and America have made a lot of plans to cooperate in various fields.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Mm. The equipment which was just shipped to Fújiàn is a part of those plans.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhòng-Měi liěngguò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">; "China and America, the two countries" This is a formal way of saying </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Zhòngguò he Méiguò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">hézuò</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "together-do," i.e., "to cooperate"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wòmen děi hézuò zhèijiàn shi cái néng bànde hlo.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tá bú yào gen wò hézuò.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiànzài Zhòngguò hé wàiguo shǎng-rende hézuò yuè lái yuè duò le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We must work together on this if we are to do it well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He doesn’t want to cooperate with me.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China is having more and more coopera' tion with foreign merchants.</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Hé-</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> can also</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhèiběn flhù shi wòmen héxiěde.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ding</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">: "to agree on; to draw up</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Zánmen ding ge xuéxí jihuà ba! Zhèiyang xiàqu, shénme yě xué-budào.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">YÌbSiduònián qián, Qīngcháo zhèngfú hé wàiguò dingle bù shěo duì Zhòngguò hěn bù hěode tiáoyuě.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">be used before other one-syllable verbs</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">for example,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We wrote this book together.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(a plan); to conclude (a treaty)"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Let’s put together a study plan! We won’t learn a thing if we keep on like this.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">More than a century ago, the Qīng Dynasty government concluded many treaties with foreign countries that were very bad for China.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùn</span><span class="font12">: "to carry, to transport"</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">TS qù Zhōngguōde shihou bā tāde qìchě y? yùnqu le.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">Zhèixiē dōngxi fēicháng zhòng, yùnqilai "bù fānghian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">Zhème duō dōngxi, haiyùn bi kōngyùn piènyide duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">When he went to China, he shipped his car over too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">These things are extremely heavy, and are difficult to transport.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">With -so many things, it would be much cheaper to ship them by sea than by air.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Near the Guǎngzhōu Export Commodities Trade Fair, Miss Sarah Pearson (A) an AmAri can lawyer, spots Chen Guóqiáng (B), of the China Travel Service.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chen is carrying a shopping bag.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Éi, Xiǎo Chen, mǎi dōngxi qu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">la?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a, lái Guangzhou, bù néng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kongshōu huíqu, wō gěi wō àiren mǎile yíjiàn chènshān.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: He! Hǎo gāojíde chènshān! Jià</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qian yě bú cud. Dāi huǐr wō yě qù mǎi liǎngjiàn. Zhèizhōng chènshān shi Guǎngzhōu shēngchǎnde ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú shi, shi Sǔzhǒu shēngchǎnde.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wǒmen zài Sūzhōude shihou méi Jiànguo! Kànqilai Zhǒngguóde hǎo dōngxi dǒu Jízhǒng dào Guǎngzhōu lai le!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Guǎngjiāohuìshangde Jīqi ya,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiāofèipīn la, dōu shi cóng quán-guó yùnláide, zhǎnlǎn yíhòu Jiù zài Guǎngzhōu mài, suóyi zhèr shāngdiànli màide dōngxi you duō you hǎo.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiǎo Chen, wō xiāng gēn ni dǎ-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ting yíxiàr ne, Guǎngzhōu fǔjìnde Jiāgōng gōngyè xiànzài fāzhānde zěnmeyàng le?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Jin nián lái, fāzhānde bú màn. Zhǔyào shi zhèixiē gōngchǎng yōu wàiguó gongsI cānjiā, suóyi tamende shēngchǎn hěn yōu tèdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō Jíntiǎn zài bàozhíshang kàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dao yíge xiāoxi, shuō zài Jīge dìfang chénglìle ’’jīngji tèqǔ.’’</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi. Zài Guǎngdōng, Fújiàn,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Shànghǎi, dōu yijìng yōu zhèiyang-de tèqū. Yīhòu dàgài hái huì gèng duō.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hey, Xiǎo Chén, have you been out shopping?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. When one comes to Guǎngzhōu, one can’t go back empty-handed. I bought a shirt for my wife.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Well! What a classy shirt! The price is also pretty good. Later, I’ll go buy a couple, too. Is this kind of shirt produced in Guǎngzhōu?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, it’s produced in Sǔzhǒu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We didn’t see any when we were in Sǔzhǒu! Apparently, all of China’s good things come together in Guǎngzhōu!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The machines and consumer items at the Guǎngzhōu Trade Fair are shipped here from all over the country, and after being exhibited, are sold right here in Guǎngzhōu, so the stores here sell a lot of different items, and of good quality.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiǎo Chén, I wanted to find out from you how the processing industry in the vicinity of Guǎngzhōu is developing?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In recent years, it has been developing rather quickly. The main thing is that there are some foreign companies participating in these factories , so their production is very distinctive.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I saw a story in the paper today that said that ’’special economic zones” have been established in several places.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. There are already special zones like this in Guǎngdōng, Fújiàn, and Shànghǎi. In the future, there will probably be even more of them.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yōu méiyou tèbiéde f&lù guān zhèixiē dìqūde JīngJi qíngkuàng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yōu. Wōmen yōu Zhōngwénde, yě yōu Yīngvénde, nī xūyào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xūyào aJ</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: 0, duì le, nī shi lùshī a!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Dāngrán xūyào le. Wō m&shàng Jiù qù zhāo. Nī yào Zhōngwénde háishi Yīngvénde?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō dōu yào.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: H&o, Luxíngshè, fàndiànli dōu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yōu, deng yíxiàr huíqu vō gěi ni ná. Ò! Duì le, kěnéng Jiāoyìhuì-li ye yōu, vō qù gei ni vènven.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hāo ba! Wōmen yìqī qù, yìbiān zōu yìbiān liáoliao.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: H&o!...NĪ dàgài tīngshuǒ le,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiànzài Jìnchúkōude xiànzhi bī-JiSo shāo le, vōmen yōu he xúduō guōjiá dingle màoyi tiáoyuē, kāi-shī g&o JīngJi hézuò. Suóyi zuì-Jìn zhèixiē niánde Jiāoyìhuì tèbié rènao.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zhèi yidiǎn vō ye zhùyidào le,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiànzài yì zōujìn Jiāoyìhuì dà-tīng, yānjing Jiu bú gōu yōng le, zhēn shi yuè bàn yuè hāo le, vō hái tīngshuǒ xiànzài biéde dìfang ye yōu xilo guīmǒde Jiāoyìhuì le, hěn duo vàiguo dàibiāotuán qù cānjiā, shì ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shì. Tèbié shi yōule ZhōngMei hāiyùn tiáoyuē yīhòu, Jīge dà hāi-gāng gèng fánróng le. Zài zhèixiē h&ig&ng, hái yōu Běijīng, xiànzài dōu yōu xi&o guīmǒde Jiāoyìhuì, yōu xuduō vàiguo shāngren zài nar zuò mXimai.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Duì, duì, duì. Wo tīngshuǒ le. Suoyi vō xiāng yīhòu yánh&i yídài huì yōu hěn dàde fāzhǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Are there special lavs governing the situations in these special economic zones?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. We have the Chinese and the English (versions). Do you need it?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, right: you’re a lavyer! Of course you need it. I’ll go get it right avay. Do you vant the Chinese or the English?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Both.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay. The Travel Service and the hotel both have it. Later, vhen ve go back, I’ll get it for you. Oh, right—maybe they also have it at the trade fair. I’ll go ask them for you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right! Let’s go together, and chat on the vay.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay!...You’ve probably heard that nov there are fever restrictions on imports and exports, and ve have also concluded trade treaties vith </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">many </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">countries, and are starting to engage in economic cooperation. So the trade fair has been particularly lively the past fev years.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I’ve noticed that myself. Nov, as soon as you valk into the hall of the trade fair, your eyes can’t take everything in. It’s really getting better and better. And I hear that nov there are small-scale trade fairs in other places, vhich a lot of foreign delegations attend. Is that so?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. Especially since the Sino-American sea transportation treaty, the larger ports have become even more prosperous. In these ports and in Běijīng, there are nov small-scale trade fairs vhere many foreign merchants do business.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, yes. I’ve heard that. So I think the coastal region vill develop greatly in the future.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō ye zènme xiǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wō hái yōu yíge wèntí, zài jīngji tèqūli gōngzuòde gōngren, gōng-zī shi bu shi gāo yidiānr ne?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō xiǎng gāo yidiānr.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nà bú shi hui chūxiàn yíge xǐnde</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">JiēJi ma?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Mei nàme yánzhòng!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wèishenme?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Yìbānde lái shuō, yōu wàiguo</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gōngsī cānjiāde gōngchāng, suīrán gōngzī gāo yidiSnr, kěshi gōngzuò xiàolū yě bījiāo gāo a. "Duō láo duō de" shi shèhuizhūyìde jíngji zhèngcè ma!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: "Duō láo duō de"! Zhèige zhèng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cè bú cuò.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Ò, duì le, nī bie wàngle, Jīn-tiān wānshang wōmen zài fàndiànli yōu yíge wānhuì.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wānhuì? Duìbuqī, wō bú Jìde le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zuótiān gěi nl sòngqude qīng-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">tiě. Nī wàng le?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Ò, duì le, shi huānsònghuì!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi, shi Zhōngguō Luxíngshe</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bànde. Shi huǎnsòng, yě shi huān-yíng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Huānyíng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Huānyíng nīmen zài lái ya!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Dāngrán, wōmen yídìng hui zài lái.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nī qiānwàn bié wàngle. Wānshang</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">qīdiān ban!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hāo, wō yídìng lái!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I think so, too.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I have another question: Do the. workers in special economic zones have higher wages?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I believe so.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Then might not a new class arise?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">It's not that serious!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Why?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Generally speaking, in factories that have the participation of foreign companies, although the wages are higher, the efficiency is also higher. "More pay for more work" is the economic policy of socialism, you see!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">"More pay for more work"!’ That’s a good policy.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, right—don't forget that we have a party in the restaurant tonight.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Party? Excuse me, but I don't remember.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The invitation was sent over to you yesterday. Have you forgotten?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh, yes: it's a farewell party!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. It's being given by the China Travel Service. It's to send you off, but also to welcome you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Welcome?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">To welcome you to come again!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of course. We'll be sure to come again.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You mustn't forget. Seven-thirty in the evening!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"><sup>r</sup>kay, I’ll be sure to come!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this exercise, an American reporter talks with the director of the Gu&ngzhōu Trade Fair at a press conference.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you’ll probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions below as you listen a second time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-Jiè session</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wàishāng foreign businessman</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yāoqiú request, demand</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiànyì suggestion, proposal</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">píngzi bottle</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">rēng to throw away</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bāozhuāng packaging</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What is the American reporter’s suggestion? What two reasons does he give?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Have the Chinese been able to follow this suggestion? Why?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. How does the reporter suggest the Chinese might raise their bottling efficiency?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you nay want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue to help you practice saying your answers.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">In this conversation, an American reporter talks to a leading cadre from an industrial commercial organization.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zìcóng ever since</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">cuòvu to be mistaken, to be wrong</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhījiān between</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wàishāng foreign businessman</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">fǎngxiàng direction</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chángqī long term</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. What interesting things does the American say have come about in special economic zones like Fúzhōu? How does he think the situation might develop?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. What does the Chinese say was one mistake of the Cultural Revolution?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. What does he say is the relationship between socialism and the policy of "more pay for more work’’?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What does he ask the American to tell his friends about China’s directionT</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Thia</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> exercise is a conversation between two employees at the Guǎngzhōu Trade Fair.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You will need the following new words and phrases:</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bǎi zhuōzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to set a table</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">wàishāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">foreign businessman</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zīben</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">capital</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bǎozhèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to assure, to guarantee</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be willing</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Questions for Exercise U</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">1. Who is being given a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">send-off?</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">2. Why does the woman say China needs lawyers?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">3. Why is the farewell meeting not going to be an ordinary one?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">U. What kind of work do these two workers do at the Trade Fair?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">At a press conference in the GuSngzhou Trade Fair, an American reporter (A) talks with the director of the Trade Fair (B).</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Gèwèi hái yōu shénme wèntí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yōu yíge hén xiàode wèntí, wō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">xiàng zuìjìn JĪ</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> Jiǎoyìhuì kàn-qilai dōu gàode hén bú cuò, wàiguō shāngren hén shào yōu kóngshōu huí-qude, búguò yōu xiō qíngxing nīmen néng bu néng gàide kuài yidianr ne?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Dāngrán, </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wàishāng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">nen tíchūlaide </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">yāoqiú</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> wōmen zōngshi yào kSolùde. Bàn Guàngjiāohuìde mùdi Jiù shi yào fánrōng jìnchūkōu ma!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō zhī yōu yíge </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Jiànyì</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. Nīmende píjiū </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">píngzi</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> kō bu kéyi gài xiào yidiànr ne? Wōmen hōn xīhuan Zhōngguō chūkōude píjiū, kěshi hōn bù xīhuan nèixiō xiàng Jiàngyóu-píng yíyàngde dà píngzi. Yùnqi-lai bù fāngbian. èrqiō Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān wōmen xīhuan chūqu 15-xíng, xiào ping pi Jiù hōwán Jiù </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">rēng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">, duōme fangbian.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Xièxie ni. Zhèige Jiànyì tide hōn hào. Shàngcì Xiànggàng màoyi dàibiàotuán lái zhèlide shíhou yījīng tíchulai le. Dāi huīr wōmen Jiu kéyi qīng gèwèi kàn yíxiàr wōmende xiào ping piJiu, bú guò zhèi-zhōng pi Jiu mùqián hái bù néng dà guīmō shēngchàn, wōmende shèbei hái yōu hōn duō xiànzhi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Yōxū. zài zhèifāngmian wōmen Mōi-</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guō gōngsī kéyi hé Zhōngguō fǎng-mian hézuò, tígāo </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bǎozhuángd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e xiàolū.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Do you have any more questions?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">One small question. The last few trade fairs have all looked very successful. Foreign businessmen have rarely gone home empty-handed. But couldn’t you change certain things a little faster?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Of course, we always consider suggestions from foreign businessmen. The purpose of holding the Guàngzhōu zhōu Trade Fair is to make foreign trade prosper!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I Just have one suggestion. Could you make your beer bottles smaller? We like the beer that China exports, but we don’t like those big bottles that look like soy sauce bottles. They’re difficult to ship. Besides, on weekends we like to go out on trips. It’s so convenient to have small bottles which you can throw out when you’re finished.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you. That’s a very good suggestion. It was already made by a trade delegation from Hong Kong when they came here. Later, we can show you our smaller-bottle beer, but at present this kind of beer cannot yet be produced on a large scale. Our equipment still has many limitations.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Perhaps some of our American companies might be able to cooperate with China in this area and raise your bottling efficiency.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zhèige wèntí bījiào fūzá, women dei yánjiū yanjiu, wō xīwàng bù Jiù, wōmen Jiù kéyi gōi nī yíge mànyìde huídá.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xièxie ni.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a rather complicated question which we will have to look into.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I hope that we will be able to give you a satisfactory answer before long.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Thank you.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hái yōu shénme biéde wèntí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài méiyōu le.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo, nàme wōmende zhāodàihuì Jiù</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">kāi dào zhèli, wō yào xièxie gèwèi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">xìnwénjiè</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> péngyoude bāngzhu he Jiànyì, xièxie dàjiā.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Any more questions?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right, then we’ll end the press conference here. I’d like to thank all of you friends from the press for your help and suggestions, and thank all of you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">An American reporter (A) and a leading cadre (B) frpm an industrial commercial organization talk.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Liú Xiānsheng, nín hāo, hāo Jiu</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bú Jiàn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo Jiǔ bú Jiàn. Hěn máng ba?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Méiyou nàme máng, Jiù shi lèi yidiānr.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: ZuìJ in you dào nār qù le?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Fújiàn. Fúzhōu fūjìn yōu yíge hān dàde JlngJi tèqū, wo zài nàr zhùle Jītiān, Juéde hěn you yìsi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Shi a. </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ZÌcōng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> hé nimen dingle hāiyùn tiáoyuē yīhòu, Jīge dà hāi-gāng dōu shi yuè gāo yuè fánrōng le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Bú Jiù shi zhèixiē, Fúzhōu hái chūxiànle yìxiē hěn you yìside shi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nī shuōshuo kàn ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Zài JlngJi tèqū gōngzuōde Zhōng-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guō gōngren, tamende shōurù bījiāo duō, tāmen bījiāo rōngyi mǎidào zhiliàng bījiāo hāode xiáofèipīn. Nín xiāng zěnmeyàng? Zài JīngJi tèqū huì bu hui chūxiàn xīnde Jiē-Jí, zài zhèngzhishang huì bu hui chūxiàn xinde qíngkuàng?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Hello, Mr. Liú, I haven’t seen you in a long time.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes, it’s been a long time. Have you been busy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not so busy, I’m Just tired.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Where have you been to again lately?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Fújiàn. Near Fúzhōu there’s a very large special economic zone where I stayed a few days. I found it very interesting.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. Ever since we concluded the sea transport treaty with you, our big ports have been getting more and more prosperous.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not only that, but some very interesting things have come about in Fúzhōu.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">What’s that?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Chinese workers who live in special economic zones have larger incomes, and it’s easier for them to get higher quality consumer goods. What do you think: Will a new class appear in the special economic zones? Will a new political situation develop?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nl qiānwàn bú yào name xíáng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Qiánxiē nián, wōmen zhī gào zhèng-zhi bù gio JīngJi shi </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">cuòwud</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e. Erqiě zhī gio zhèngzhi, zhèngzhi yě méiyou giohio ma!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Nàme, nl xiàng zhèige qíngkuàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">he shèhuìzhǔyìde gōngzì zhèngcè </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zhījiān</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> bú huì you shénme dà wèntí le?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Nī fang xìn hǎo le, ”duǒ láo duō</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">dé" shi wōmende zhèngcè. Zhèige zhèngcè shi bú huì gàide. Gio yì-tian shèhuìzhǔyì Jiù děi shíxíng yìtiān "duō láo duō dé"de zhèngcè. Zài JīngJi tèqúde gōngsī, gōng-ching, duōbànr yōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wàishàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> cān-Jiā, shèbèi tiaoJiàn hāo yidiǎnr, gōngzuò xiàolú gāo yidiǎnr, gōngren gōngzī duō yidiǎnr shi yīng-gāide. Qíngkuàng bú huì yánzhòng-dào chūxiàn yíge xīnde JiěJi.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hiojíle, xièxie nín.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bú kèqi, qīng ni gàosu nīde</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">péngyoumen, dà gio Sìge Xiàndàihuà shi wōmende </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">fǎngxiàng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">. fánrōng JīngJi shi zhèige dà fāngxiàngde yíbùfen, shi wōmen </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">chángqīd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e zhèngcè, bú huì suíbiàn giide, qīng gèfāngmiànde péngyou fàngxīn.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hǎo, wō yídìng zhuingào tamen.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You mustn’t think like that. During those few years, we were mistaken to engage only in politics and not in economics. Moreover, we didn’t even handle the politics well.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">So you don’t think that there will be any big problems between this situation and the socialist wage policy?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">You can rest assured about that. "More pay for more work" is our policy, and it won’t change. Socialism and the policy of "more pay for more work" must go hand in hand. Most of the companies and factories in special economic zones have foreign merchants participating. They have better facilities and higher efficiency. It’s right that their workers have higher pay. The situation could never become so serious that a new class would appear.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Wonderful. Thank you.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Not at all. And please tell your friends that going all out with the Four Modernizations is our direction. Making our economy prosper is one part of that big direction, and it’s our long-term policy. We won’t change it arbitrarily. Ask our friends in all spheres to rest assured.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right, I’ll be sure to pass the message on to them.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">This is a conversation between two Fair.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Dàtīnglide zhuōzi dōu </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bǎih</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">meiyou?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Bǎihǎo le. Jīntiān you shi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">huānsòng shéi ya?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Huānsòng yíge Xianggang láide</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">làshī dàibiǎotuán.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">employees at the Guǎngzhōu Trade</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Have all the tables in the large hall been set?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Yes. Who is it that is being given a send-off today?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A delegation of lawyers from Hong Kong.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Lils hi? FālÚ gōngzuòzhě gěn</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Guāngjiǎohuì yōu shénme guānxi?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Xiànzài Zhōngguó he </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">wàishāngd</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">e</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">hézuò yuè lái yuè duō le. Zhōng-guō yào Jìnkōu shèbèi, yào gāo Jiāgōng gōngyè, huòshi yào gāo biéde JlngJi hézuò, dōu xūyào fālū a!</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Wō háishi Juéde yōu yidiānr qí-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">guài, bù zānme qīngchu, wō cónglái méi xiāngdào fālù hé JlngJi hái yōu guānxi.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Wàiguō shāngren ma, Jiàqian na,</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">zlběn</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> na, shenmede, dōu yào yòng fālù xiěqīngchude, yàoburán, tāmen zānme zhīdao </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">bāozhèng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> kéyi zhuàn qián ne? Bù kéyi zhuàn qián, tāmen wèishenme yào hé wŌmen zuò mǎimai ne?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: A! Nín zhèi yì shuō wō Jiu qīng-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">chu le. Yōule fālà bāozhèng, wàishāng cái </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ken</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"> zuò māimai.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hāo le, zài qù kànkan, wānhuì-</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">shang xūyàode dōngxi dōu yào JÍ-zhōng fànghāode.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Hāo, J ide le.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hái yōu, ni tīngdao xiāoxi le</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">meiyou?</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Méiyou a, shénme xiāoxi?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Jintiǎn vānshangde huānsònghuì</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bú tài píngcháng.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Zānme bù píngcháng ne?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Guǎngdōng shěng, Guǎngzhōu shi</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">gèjí rénmín zhèngfú dōu yào pài hěn zhòngyàode rén lái. Yōu hěn duō hěn zhòngyàode shi yào zài zhèr tán, wǒmen del bā shénme dōu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Lawyers? What connection do legal workers have with the G</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">uǎng</span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">zhōu Trade Fair?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">China is cooperating more and more with foreign merchants. If China wants to import equipment, to do processing or finishing of products, or have any other economic cooperation, they need lawyers!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">I still think that’s kind of strange. I don’t really understand. I never thought that law had anything to do with economics.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Foreign merchants, you know. They have to write out clearly their prices and capital in legal terms, otherwise how can they know for sure that they are guaranteed to make money? And if they can’t make any money, why would they want to do business with us?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Oh! When you put it that way, I understand. Foreign merchants are only willing to do business if they they have legal guarantees.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, go back and take a look. The things we’ll need during the banquet should all be put together in one place.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All right, I won’t forget.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">And another thing: Have you heard the news?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">No, what news?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Tonight’s farewell meeting isn’t going to be an ordinary one.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">How’s that?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">All levels of the people’s government of Guǎngdōng province and the city of Guǎngzhōu are sending very important people. They’ll be talking about a lot of important things here.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yùbeihio, rang līngdāò fang xīn.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B: Méi wèntí, w3 zài qù Jiānchá</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">yícì. Nín dāi huīr k? děi zài lái kàn yíxiàr a!</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A: Hāo, dāi huīr wo Jiù lái.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">We should prepare everything well and put the leadership at ease.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">That won’t be any problem. I’ll go back and check once more. But later . you have to go look things over once yourself.’</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Okay, I’ll be right there.</span></p>
- <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">APPENDIX:</span></p>
- <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">WORD USAGE EXERCISES</span></p>
- <p><span class="font13">TRANSLATION EXERCISE</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">I. Choose between </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">cānguān, fāngwèn</span><span class="font13"> and </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">kàn</span><span class="font13"> in translating these sentences.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. What places did you visit when you went to China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. I don't even have time to visit my friends.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. This is not a formal </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(zhèngshì)</span><span class="font13"> visit. Don't be nervous </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(jǐnzhāng).</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">II.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> shāoshù, hěn shào</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. There are very few people who will not help others.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Only a small number of students make </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(chù)</span><span class="font13"> that kind of mistake.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">III. Choose between direction names with </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">-fàng, -bù,</span><span class="font13"> and </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">-biān </span><span class="font13">(for example, </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">běifāng, běibù,</span><span class="font13"> and </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">běibiān).</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Northerners like to eat foods made from wheat </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(miànshí), </span><span class="font13">and Southerners like to eat rice </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(mìfàn).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. There are several famous universities in the eastern United States.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Hángzhōu is southwest of Shànghài.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. New York is in the northeast.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Inner Mongolia is west of Manchuria.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. People from northern Taiwan have a different accent from southerners.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IV.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> dǒng, liāojiě, zhīdào, tīngshuō, tīngdóng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. If you understood that I wasn’t going to come, why did you still stand there waiting for two hours?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. I could understand everything he said, although he spoke with a very heavy </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(zhòng)</span><span class="font13"> accent </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(kōuyīn).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Such a weird </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(guài)</span><span class="font13"> guy is really impossible to understand.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. I understand you’re going to school this summer. Is that true?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. I can understand the Shànghài dialect, but I can't speak it very well.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">V.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> gāo, nòng, zuò</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Doing these sentences drives me crazy ("gives one a headache").</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. It was very difficult to do scientific experimentation </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(kěxué shíyàn)</span><span class="font13"> under such circumstances.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. What are you doing there, you naughty child!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">TRANSLATION EXERCISE</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">I. Choose </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">-zhōng, -lèi,</span><span class="font13"> or </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">-gang</span><span class="font13"> to translate these sentences:</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. How could you think that he was that kind of person?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. She'll eat any kind of food.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. What breed of dog (gǒu) is this?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. We should research these questions by category.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">II.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> mùqián, xiànzài, zhèihuīr</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Where is he now?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. At present the international situation </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(guójì xingshì) </span><span class="font13">is complicated.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. I'm leaving right now.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. It is now 9:26 Běijīng time.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">III.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> null, yònggōng, shì</span><span class="font13"> ("to try")</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Try doing it this way. If it doesn't work, we'll see what we can do about it later.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. All the students here are hardworking.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. China is hard at work on modernization, and we want to help.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. I tried his office three times today, but no one answered the phone.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IV.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> púbiàn, pǔtōng, píngcháng, liúxíng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. That's a popular saying.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. In Shanghai, for men and women to hold hands </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(shōu lā shóu)</span><span class="font13"> is a very common thing.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. How much does an ordinary worker here make a month?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Frisbees </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(fēipán)</span><span class="font13"> are now very common in Běijīng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">V. wángua'n, guan, </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">zhěngg'e</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. The room was filled with smoke (yān).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. His idea </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(xiángfǎ)</span><span class="font13"> was completely wrong.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. I'm afraid he completely misunderstood what I meant.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. The whole article was about how bad their planning had been.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. His whole family came.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">VI.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> qūbié, chǎbié, bù yiyàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. There aren't many differences between the big cities of . the northeastern United States and those of Western</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">Europe </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(Xī'ōu).</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. I could hardly tell the difference between the twins </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(zhèduì shuǎngbǎotǎi).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Would you explain the difference between these two terms </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(míngcí)?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">VII.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> rènwéi, yīwéi, xiǎng, juéde</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. He thought that it was an hour earlier than it really </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(shíjìshang)</span><span class="font13"> was.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. I think the best way to study a foreign language </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">{wàiyǔ) </span><span class="font13">is to live in the country where it is spoken.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. What do you think of Běijīng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Why do you consider him such a dangerous person?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. A: Has he already gone back?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">B: I think so, but I'm not sure.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">VIII.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> shǒuxiān, xiān, dìyī</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. First I stayed in a small town </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(xiǎozhèn)</span><span class="font13"> for a month and then came here.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. In his office<sub>r</sub> he is always the first to arrive.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. You have to first get the pronunciation right in order to get the spelling </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(pīnxiě)</span><span class="font13"> right.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IX.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> tiáojiàn, qíngkuàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Why don't you apply yourself to your studies? You have such excellent conditions.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. He can't stand (</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">shòubuliǎo</span><span class="font13">) the situation any longer.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Under the circumstances, he had no choice but to agree.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. How are business conditions in China these days?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Conditions have changed greatly in rural China in the past thirty years.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. Working conditions there are better now than the last time I visited.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">TRANSLATION EXERCISE</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">I. Choose </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">miànji, dìqù, -dài, -qū, -bù,</span><span class="font13"> or </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">bùfen</span><span class="font13"> in translating these sentences.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. This area is very dirty.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. This area of the city isn't safe.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. The area of this room is nine square meters </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(jiǔ píngfāng mi).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. In the northeastern area of China, there is a lot of industry.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. This kind of rice is produced in the Jiāngnán area.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. The southwestern part of the United States has a very distinctive natural environment.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. I don't get the chance to come to this part of town very often.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">8. This kind of architecture is very popular in these parts.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">II.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> dàozi, mi, fàn</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. His father grows ride.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. This is fried rice, not plain ("white") rice.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. This rice is grown </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(chūchǎn)</span><span class="font13"> only in Guǎngdōng.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">III.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> fāzhàn, zhang</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Your rice is growing pretty well!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. China's economy has grown slowly during the past two decades.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. The kids are growing so fast.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Our company has grown quickly.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Over the past one hundred years, Shàntóu has grown into an important industrial city.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IV.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> jià, jiātíng, jiā(li)rén, -hù</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. There are no boys in their family.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Xiǎo Ping's whole family went to the seashore on Sunday.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Such a family is rare </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(bù cháng jiàn)</span><span class="font13"> in America.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Thirty years ago there were only twenty-odd families in this town </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(xíàozhèn).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Next Saturday I'm going up to Bèijīng to see my family.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. Almost every family has a television in our country. Some families have more than one.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">V.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> jīqì, jīxiè</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Our country’s machine industry is still young.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. The application </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(yìngyòng)</span><span class="font13"> of large machines started three hundred years ago.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Agricultural machinery is badly needed in China.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Shall I take you to see our new machinery now?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">VI.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> -kóu, -ge, -wèi</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Will the seven of us fit (in the car)?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Those three professors all graduated from Harvard </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(Hàfó).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. How many people are there in your family?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> (When entering a restaurant for dinner) Headwaiter:</span><span class="font13"> How many?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">You:</span><span class="font13"> Four.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">VII.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> píngjūn, yìban</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. The average height </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(gǎodù)</span><span class="font13"> of the students in this class is about 1.6 meters </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(yìmi liù).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. The average person can eat fifteen to twenty-five </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">jiǎozi.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. On an average day, I can write five pages </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(yè).</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">VIII.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> rén, rénmín, rénmen, rénjia</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. The people would surely not like to keep </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(báoliú)</span><span class="font13"> such a thing in the constitution </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(xiànfǎ).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. There isn't much difference between the two brothers (in personality).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Friendship involves at least two people.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. I've heard people say that they're going to build </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(gài) </span><span class="font13">a hotel at that intersection.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. People naturally prefer to live in a quiet place rather than in the busy downtown area </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(nàoshì,</span><span class="font13"> "busy downtown area").</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. People are people; she's no different from anyone else.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IX.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> túpiàn, zhaopi an, huà(r)</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. I think that picture is of her mother, but it must have been taken many years ago.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Where did you get so many pictures of China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. The picture that old man </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(lǎotóuzi)</span><span class="font13"> is drawing is really ugly!</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">TRANSLATION EXERCISE</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">I. Choose </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">gài, xiū, jiànzhù,</span><span class="font13"> or </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">jiànshè</span><span class="font13"> in translating these sentences:</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. This highway was three years'in construction. (It took three years to finish building this highway.)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Are those workers building new dormitories?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Is this how you intend to build a powerful country?!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Many city walls </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(chéngqiáng</span><span class="font13">) built in ancient times were destroyed </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(huíle)</span><span class="font13"> during wars.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. No one may build in this district.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. How long did it take to build this bridge </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(zhèizuò qiáo)?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">II.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> kě, zhěn, yidìng, dāngrán, shi</span><span class="font13"> ("to be," emphatic)</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. He is going to go, but he hasn't decided when yet.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. When you tell him, he's sure to be happy.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. That sure was an interesting movie.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. He sure has a lot of friends!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Drugs </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(dùpín) —</span><span class="font13"> that's certainly not something to mess with.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. A: Can you tell me why your government didn't send anyone to take part?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">B: Sure I can tell you. It's like this: . . .</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. A: Would he know the answer </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(dá'àn)</span><span class="font13"> to this question?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">B: I'm sure he would.</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">8. They want to concentrate on only a portion of the work; that just won't do!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">III. In each sentence, "how old" requires a different translation.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. How old is this building?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. How old are you? </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(tó a young person)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">3.</span><span class="font13"> How old is your boy?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. How old is your grandfather?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. How old is China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. How old is this movie?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. How old are these shoes of yours?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">8. How old are these magazines?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">9. How old is this chicken soup? </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(How long since it was made?)</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">10. How old is this bean curd? </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(How long since it was bought?)</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IV.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> gú, gǔdài</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. That’s an ancient building.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Man already knew how to cook in ancient times.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. He likes to study (dú) the ancient books.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. XI'an is an ancient city.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">V.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> chuánguò, jīngguò, guò, guògu</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Ten years have passed, and she's still just as young and pretty (as before).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Cross the street and wait for me in front of that building.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. I pass there every day on my way to work </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(shàng bānde shíhou).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Time passes so guickly!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. The train passed several stations without stopping.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. When I'm in a hurry, I cut through the park.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. After a month had passed, he felt much better.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">8. Through the efforts of many people, we have been able to set up </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(kāibàn)</span><span class="font13"> an elementary school here.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">TRANSLATION EXERCISE</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">I.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> bang, bāngzhù, bangmang</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Would you help me?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. I don't need this kind of help.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. He came to help.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Would you hold this for me for a second?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. I'll help you write the report </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(bàogào).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. We can help each other.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">II.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> gè-, mèi-, yī~</span><span class="font13"> ("one")</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Each person has his own ideas. How can he make you do it this way?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Each year we have many excellent students.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Each state has some laws of its own.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. These apples are a dime each.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Each book he writes is better than the last.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">III.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> guan, guānxīn, jièyì</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Although she says little, she actually </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(shíjìshang) </span><span class="font13">cares deeply.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. If you don't mind, I'd like to ask you a few questions.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. People didn't care a bit about those pitiful </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(kěliánde) </span><span class="font13">children.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Who cares what you do?!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Don't mind him!</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IV.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> qítǎ, biéde, ling(wài), yī-, nèi-</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. These sentences are pretty good; the others are too colloquial (tú).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Well, you can say he's right about this point, but how about the other questions?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. One is too weak, the other is too fat (pang).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. When you're taking the test, don't think about other things.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. This vase is not bad, but the other one is even prettier.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. Do you want to know the other reasons?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. Put your other hand here.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">V.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> -wèi, dìwèi</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. I don't like to talk with those who are in high positions.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. India's rice </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(dàmí)</span><span class="font13"> output is the highest ("first") in the world.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. He's too young to be in such a high position.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">VI.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> bú fàngxìn, dānxīn</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. I'm very worried about him. He doesn't look well.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Without you here I've been sort of anxious.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. What is there to worry about?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. I would really worry if you went alone.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Don't worry. She's already grown up; she can take care of herself.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">TRANSLATION EXERCISE</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">I.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> gǒngchàng, chang</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. The air is really bad because there are so many factories in this area.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. She'd never been so happy since she came to ("entered") this factory.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. He works in a camera factory.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">II. méi, </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">hǎokàn, piàoliàng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. She's really a beautiful girl.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. What a beautiful place this is!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. This dress doesn't look good at all. Why do you want to buy it?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. You speak beautiful standard Chinese!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. What a handsome son you have, Department Chief Xú.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. The weather is beautiful today.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">III.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> chà, bù hào, huài</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. His pronunciation is too bad.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. He doesn't speak French well.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. His Japanese isn't bad.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. On the whole, it's a pretty nice place; it's just that the weather is always bad.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Bad boy ("child")!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. Conditions here used to be very bad; now they're much better.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. That commune’s level of mechanization is rather poor.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IV.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> liǎojiě, zhīdao, rènshi, shóu (shú)</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. I didn't know him when we were at Oxford </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(Niújīn).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Do you know what happened between them </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(tamen zhījiān)?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. I know nothing about that.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. You still don't know me too well, do you?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. I knew him, but not very well. We had only met a couple of times.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. I know of him, but I’ve never met him.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. I still~3on’t know Běijīng very well; perhaps we should go together.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">8.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> (To taxi driver)</span><span class="font13"> I want to go to the Dàhuá Restaurant. Do you know it?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">9. Of the three of us, you know him best. Do you think he would mind if we did this?</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">TRANSLATION EXERCISE</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">I. Choose </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">háishi...</span><span class="font13"> or </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">zuì hǎo</span><span class="font13"> in translating these sentences.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. We'd better not go after all. See, it's raining.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. You'd better walk there. It's very hard to drive on that road.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. It’s best to be mentally prepared ("in the heart have preparation").</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. I’d better not drink too much. I have to drive.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. It would be best if I could talk with him in person. Would that be possible?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. Chinese food is still the tastiest, don't you think?</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">II.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> jiǎshǔ, jià, jiā(li)rén</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. This housing is for workers and their families.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. How many people are there in the average worker's family?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Is your whole family in Huángzhuàng?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. They go home every Saturday to be with their families.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">III.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> kuài (yào), yào, huì, gang yào, zhèng yào, jiù yào, hěn kuài jiù</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Be patient. We'll be there soon.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. He's going to get his Ph.D. </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(bóshì xuéwèi)</span><span class="font13"> this summer.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. You've come at the perfect time. I'm just about to pack the suitcases.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. She'll be happy if you do that.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Look, it's about to rain.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. It's going to rain today.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. That's what I was just about to say, (but) you didn't give me the chance to say it.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">8. She forgot about the matter very soon.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">9. Three new consulates </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(lingshìguǎn)</span><span class="font13"> are going to open very soon.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">10. I’m about to die of hunger!</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">11. Don’t worry. I’ll tell him.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">12. It’s almost over (finished).</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">13. If you don’t stay in touch ("maintain contact") with them, they forget you very soon.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">14. He came when I was just about to leave.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IV.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> yánzhe, pángbian</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. They've planted a lot of trees alongside the river.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Alongside the street, I saw many new stores.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. They built a railroad alongside the border.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Just walk along this street, and you'll see a lot of clothing stores.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. There is a park alongside the factory.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">V.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> yishàng, shàngmian, -duō</span><span class="font13"> OR </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">yixià, xiàmian, bú dào</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. There are probably over ten people there.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. He has under twenty students.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Children ten and over may participate;</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. It will cost over fifty dollars.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. We had been going for less than an hour when the car broke down.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. Only buildings with over four stories have elevators.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. Under this brigade there are ten production teams.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">8. It's been over a month since I saw him last.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">9. His office is right above mine.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font13">TRANSLATION EXERCISE</span></p>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">I. Choose </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">dāihuir, děng yíxià, déng (yì)huir, yihòu,</span><span class="font13"> or </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">hòulái </span><span class="font13">in translating these sentences:</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. I'll be leaving in a minute.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Later, when you have time, let's talk, okay?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Wait a second. I think I hear him coming.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Later, I found out that she had been a Red Guard.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Things were very chaotic at that time, but later on they got better.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. His later short stories are mostly about the Uygurs.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. He'll be here in a while.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">II.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> fánróng, fādá</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. The Táng dynasty was a period </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(shíqī)</span><span class="font13"> when China's culture flourished.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. I didn't expect that this place would have become so prosperous in the ten years since I left.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Livestock farming is well developed in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. Japan's industry and commerce are flourishing and the economy is thriving.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">III.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> qiǎnwàn, yídìng</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Be sure to bring that book.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. Be sure not to forget to ask him whether he is coming.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. I'll be sure to tell him.</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">IV.</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"> xiāoxi, xīnwén</span></p></li></ul>
- <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
- <p><span class="font13">1. Where did you hear this news?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">2. There isn't any interesting news in today's paper.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">3. Is there any news about China?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">4. She often brought us unpleasant (bù </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">yúkuàide)</span><span class="font13"> news.</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">5. Has there been any news about when the meeting will be held?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">6. What good news is there today?</span></p></li>
- <li>
- <p><span class="font13">7. News reporters (jizAě) are the best at getting information.</span></p></li></ul>
- <p><span class="font3">VOCABULARY</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">ài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">to love</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">àiqíng gùshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">love story</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">àishang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">to fall in love with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">Alabó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">Arab, Arabic</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12">an</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12">shore, bank, coast</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">àn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">according to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">āndìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">to be peaceful and stable, to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12">quiet and settled</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12">ánpái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12">to arrange</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">an shí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">on time</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">ba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(marker of pause, hypothesis)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">baba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">father, dad, papa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Bādálīng (Bádàlīng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(area northwest of Běijīng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">b&ifēn zhī X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">X percent</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">baitian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">daytime</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bSi zhuōzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to set a table</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(counter for class of students)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to help; as a help to, for (someone)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to be great, to be fantastic, to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1**, 7.7’, 8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">terrific</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bang máng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to help; help</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bāngzhu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to help; help; as a help to, for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to wrap</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bàochí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to keep, to preserve, to maintain</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bSohù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to protect</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">b&ozhèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to guarantee, to assure</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bāozhuāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to package; packaging</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">time, -fold</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">(passive marker)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">B?idà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Běijīng University</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">běifāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">the north</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bèiháu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">behind someone's back</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">-bèizi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">lifetime</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">bin di</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">this locality, local</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">běnlái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">originally, in the beginning, at first;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to begin with, in the first place</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">běnrén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">herself, himself, oneself, myself,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">etc.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;"><sup>bI</sup>K</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to compare</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">biàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to change, to become different</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">biànchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">to change into</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2’, 7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">bianhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">change(s)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">biānjiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">border region, frontier region</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">biānjìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(national) border</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bld</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">each other, one another, both; the same to you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bljiào (blji&o)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">comparatively, relatively, more; fairly, rather; to compare</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bìngrén</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">sick person, patient</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">aunt (vife of father’s elder brother); term for the mother of one’s friend</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bomǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bóshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Ph.D.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2‘</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for films; counter for automobiles, machines, etc.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1‘, 8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bú fàngxìn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to worry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-bùfen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">part, section</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bù guán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">no matter (what, whether, etc.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5’, 7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bù huāng bù máng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">c</span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">alm</span><span class="font3">, not the least bit flustered</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bú Jiàn bú sàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">don’t leave until we’ve met up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bù JiàndSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">not ordinary, not commonplace; remarkable</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">bù neng bu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to have to, must</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bù sháo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be quite a lot, to be much, to be many</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bú shi...Jiù shi...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">if it isn’t...then it’s...; either... or...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bú shi tiánde Jiù shi làde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">if it isn’t sweet, then it’s hot</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bú xiàng huà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be ridiculous, to be outrageous, to be absurd (talk, acts, etc.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">cai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">only (before an amount)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">only in that case, only under this condition</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">cáichán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">property</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7-U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">càidí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">vegetable plot</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cáiliào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">material(s); data</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">canguan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to visit and observe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">canJià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to participate in, to take part in; to join; to attend</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cānkáoshū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">reference book</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to differ; to be inferior, to be poor, to be not up to standard; to lack</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chabié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">difference, disparity</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">chang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be long</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to taste</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cháng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">factory, plant</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5’, 8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chàng ge</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to sing (songs)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6’</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Cháng Jiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Yangtze River</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3’, 8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chángqī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">long term</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chànliàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">output, yield</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-cháo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dynasty (bound form)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.4</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cháo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be noisy; to disturb by making</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">noise</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cháodài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dynasty</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.4</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">cháoxlng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to wake (someone) up by being noisy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(verb ending) into</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chénggōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to succeed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chēnghu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to call, to address</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">chēnglì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to establish, to found, to set up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chéngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">city; urban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chéngyuánguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">member country</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chēxiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">car (of a train)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chlbuxiàqù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be unable to eat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chi ku</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to suffer, to undergo hardship</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.4</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chongxīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">again, anew, afresh</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.4</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chōu yān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to smoke (tobacco)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to produce</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">...chū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">at the beginning of...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chuang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2’, 7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chuāngkSu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">window (e.g., ticket window)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chuānguò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to cross through</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.4</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chuántSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tradition, traditional</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chū chǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to go or be away on (official)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">business</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chū guó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to go abroad</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chū Jìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to leave a country</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chūkíu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to export</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chūnjì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the spring season</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chūxiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to appear, to arise, to emerge</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cíhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">vocabulary</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cónglái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ever (up till now), always (up till</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">now)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">conglái bù/méi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">never (up till now)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">cong...(Verb)-ql</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to begin (Verb)-ing from...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cūnkuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">savings</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cūnr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">village</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cuòwù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be wrong (incorrect); mistake</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8’</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàbùfen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">the greater part; for the most part, mostly</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(production) brigade</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàduǒshù(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">the great majority</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-dài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">generation; era, (historical) period</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-dài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zone, area, belt</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàibiSo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to represent; representative, delegate;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.4’, 8.7*, 9.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">on behalf of, in the name of</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font12">Module & Unit</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàibiàotuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">delegation, mission</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*,"8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dāi huīr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">in a while, later (Běijīng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dāishang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take along (Běijīng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàji?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">’’older sister” (a respectful term</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">of address for a woman about one's own age or older)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Dàlī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a city in Yunnan province)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàlù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mainland, continent</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to act as, to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(political) party</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dānrèn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take up, to assume (a Job or post)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dānxīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be worried, to be uneasy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dānzl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">list; form</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to pour; to dump</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(resultative ending used for percep-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tion by one of the senses: </span><span class="font18" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">J</span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">iàndao</span><span class="font3"> , </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàndao</span><span class="font3">, t</span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">īngd</span><span class="font3">ao, etc.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(resultative ending used to indicate</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">reaching: </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàngdào</span><span class="font3">, </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">tándào</span><span class="font3">, etc., often translated as "about" or "of")</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yet, on the contrary, nevertheless</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàochù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">everywhere</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàodé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">morality, morals, ethics</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàolī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">principle, truth, hows and whys;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">reason, argument, sense</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàoyóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(tour) guide</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàozi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">rice (in the paddy, or after harvesting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">but before hulling); paddy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Dàqìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a city in Heilongjiang Province)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàrào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to disturb</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dà shīfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">chef</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàtīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(large) hall</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Datong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a city in Shānxī province)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàxué bìyèshěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">college graduate</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàxuéshěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">college student</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dà zhàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to fight a war, to go to war</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dà zhēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to get an injection</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dà zì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to type (on a typewriter)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dàzìrán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nature (the physical world)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to get</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dédao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to receive, to get</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-de huà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">if; in case; supposing that</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">děi kàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to depend on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ding</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">when; by the time; till</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">děng dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">wait until; when, by the time</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">děng yíxià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">wait a minute; in a little while</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">děngyú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to equal, to be equal to; to be the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">same as (in effect), to amount to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">earth, soil; land; ground; fields</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-diàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">point</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">diào yànlèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to cry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ding</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to agree on; to draw up (a plan); to conclude (a treaty)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dìqù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">area, district, region</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dìwei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">position, status</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dìxíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">topography, terrain</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1+</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-dong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for buildings)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Dōngběi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Manchuria</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dōngbù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the eastern part of a country</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dōngde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to understand, to grasp, to know</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">duSnpiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">short (stories, articles)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dulì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be independent; independence</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">duo (duō)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">how (to what extent)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1+</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for flowers)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">duō h&o!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">how great that is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">duō láo duō de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">more pay for more work</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">duōshù(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the majority (of), most (of)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">éi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">say.’ (interjection telling that the speaker Just thought of something)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">értōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">child (formal word)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">érxífu(r) (-fer)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">daughter-in-law</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">fādá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be (highly) developed, to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*, 7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">flourishing, to be prosperous</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fàlu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">law</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to translate</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to violate, to offend, to commit; to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">have an attack (of an old disease)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">f&nduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to oppose, tò be against</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fángbèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take precautions against</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fàng Jià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to have vacation; to let out for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">vacation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">-fān</span><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">gmlàn</span><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"> (-</span><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">ml an</span><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"> )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">aspect, side, area, respect</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">f&ngwèn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to visit and meet with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*, 8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fāngxiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">direction</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fàng xìn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be unworried, to be at ease</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fāngyán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">dialect</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fSngzhī gōngyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">textile industry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fánrōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be flourishing/prosperous/booming;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to make (something) prosper</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ffinzhèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">anyway, in any case</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3’, 8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fan zuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to commit a crime</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7-7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">fāshēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to happen, to occur</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fāxiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to discover, to find out; discovery</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fāzhXn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to develop, to expand, to grow</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font13">fěn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font13">points</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to divide, to separate, to split; to be divided into (parts, categories)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6, .8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-fèn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for portions of food)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fěngsú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">custom(s)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fēnkāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to separate, to split up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to spend, to expend</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Fujian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a province in south China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fùnu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">woman; women, womankind</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">fúqi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">blessings, good fortune</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fùzá (fuzá)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be complicated, to be complex</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">will probably</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">should, ought to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*, 7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to build (buildings); to cover</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*, 8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">g&ibiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to change; change(s)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’, 7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāishàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to improve</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">g&itiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">another day</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gànbu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cadre</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāngti?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">iron and steel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">g&njué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">feeling, sensation; to feel, to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">perceive</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gànma</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to do what; (colloquial) why on earth,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">what for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">gānshàng(lái)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to catch up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gàn shenme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to do what; (colloquial) why on earth,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">what for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">gānxiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be thankful, to be grateful (for)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*, 8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to do/carry on/engage in/work in (a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">field or endeavor)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāocuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to do wrong; to be mistaken</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāogàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">senior cadres</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">g&ohāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to do a good Job of, to handle well</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāoshàngqù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to cause to go up, to cause to move</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">forward</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gāozhòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">senior high school</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2, 7.1’, 7.5 fl 7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">gè-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">each, every, various, different</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gèguó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">various countries</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Gēlúnblyà Dàxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Columbia University</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gémìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">revolution; revolutionary; to revolt</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8’, 8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to follow</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gēnzhe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">along with, in the wake of</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">male (for animals)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">GòngchSndSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Communist Party</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gōngchSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">factory, mill, plant, works</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6’, 8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gòngchéngshī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">engineer</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gòngdiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">palace</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gonggong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">grandfather, grandpa (paternal)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">góngkè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">homework</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7’</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Module & Unit</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">gōnglù Gòngqlngtuán gōngren gōngshāngyè gōngshè gōngyè gōngyìpìn gōngyuán gōngyuán qián gōngzī gōngzuòzh? gǔ-gu&n</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">guángcháng Gu&ngdōng guánggào GuángJiàohuì Guángxī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">guán (X) Jiào (Y) guānniàn guānxln guānyú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">gǔdài gǔdàishi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Gùgōng (Bowùyuàn) gǔhuī guīju</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">Guilin guìmó Guìzhōu guōjiā guómín JlngJi guòqù guòqu guò rìzi guōytt gùshi gùshipiān(r) gǔshǔ</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><a href="#bookmark42"><span class="font3">highway</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark43"><span class="font3">Communist Youth League**</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">worker 8.3*, 8.6</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark44"><span class="font3">industry and commerce</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark45"><span class="font3">commune</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark46"><span class="font3">industry</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark47"><span class="font3">handicrafts</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark48"><span class="font3">the common era; A.D.</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark49"><span class="font3">B.C.</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark50"><span class="font3">wages, pay</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark51"><span class="font3">worker (in a particular field)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark52"><span class="font3">ancient (used in compound words)*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark53"><span class="font3">to take care of; to mind, to bother</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">about</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark54"><span class="font3">(public) square</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark55"><span class="font3">(province in south China)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark56"><span class="font3">advertisement</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark57"><span class="font3">Guángzhōu (Canton) Trade Fair</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark58"><span class="font3">(a province in so. China)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark59"><span class="font3">to call (X) (Y)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark60"><span class="font3">concept, idea, notion</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to be concerned/care about 7.1*, 8.5</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark61"><span class="font3">as to, with regard to, concerning,</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">about</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark62"><span class="font3">ancient times, antiquity; ancient</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark63"><span class="font3">ancient history*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark64"><span class="font3">Former Imperial Palace (Museum)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark65"><span class="font3">bone ashes, ashes (of a person)*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark66"><span class="font3">rules of proper behavior, social</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">etiquette, manners; special custom, established practice, rule (of a community or organization)</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark67"><span class="font3">(a city in GuàngxI Province)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark68"><span class="font3">scale, scope, dimensions</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark69"><span class="font3">(a province of China)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark70"><span class="font3">country, state, nation; national</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark71"><span class="font3">national economy*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark72"><span class="font3">the past</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark73"><span class="font3">to pass; to pass away, to die</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark74"><span class="font3">to live; to get along*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark75"><span class="font3">the national language (Taiwan)*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark76"><span class="font3">story</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark77"><span class="font3">feature film*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark78"><span class="font3">ancient book*</span></a></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fairly, passably</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">h&igáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">harbor, seaport</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">h&iluòyīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">heroin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">háishi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">it would be better to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*, 8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">h&iwān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">bay; gulf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5 .</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">h&iyùn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sea transportation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hánshòubān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">correspondence courses</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Hànyǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Chinese language</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">h&ochù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">benefit, advantage</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hǎoh&o (h&oháor)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">properly, carefully, thoroughly</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*, 7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">...h&o le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(used when agreeing, suggesting, or</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">permitting); (used when giving in</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to something)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">h&o shi h&o, k&shi...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">well, okay, but...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">hǎoxiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to seem as if, to seem like</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">hàozhāo (hàozhào)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to appeal to/to call on (people to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">engage in an activity)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Heilongjiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a province in northeast China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hēiyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(darkness of) night, nighttime</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to hate, to detest; to feel bitter</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">toward</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hépíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">peace; peacefully</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">héxiá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to write together, to coauthor</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">he zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to cooperate; cooperation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Hóngwèibīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a) Red Guard; the Red Guards</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">hòulái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">later, afterwards</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*, 7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-hù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">household, family</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to spend, to expend</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-huà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-ize, -ify</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Huábāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">north of China</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huàcè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">book of photographs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Huánán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">south of China</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">huángdì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">emperor</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Huang He</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Yellow River</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Huangshān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a mountain in Anhui Province)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huángtú gāoyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">loess plateau</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Huángzhuāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(name of a commune)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huānsòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to see off, to send off</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huānsònghuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">farewell/send-off meeting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">or party</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Hu</span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">áshèngdùn Youbào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Washington Post</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huàxián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">synthetic fiber</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-hui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for shì, "matter")</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">huì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">might; to be likely to; will</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huìhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">conversation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huítòu(r) Jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">see you later (in a little while)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">huo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to live; to become alive; to survive;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be live/alive/living; mobile,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">moving</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huódòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">activity</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">huòtul sānmíngzhì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ham sandwich</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">húshuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to talk nonsense; nonsense, drivel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hùxiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mutually</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-12.png" alt="" style="width:17pt;height:35pt;">
- <p><span class="font3">-Jiā</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">-Jiā</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">J iāgōng Jiākuài JiSnchēng JiSndān Jiàng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">J iSng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">JiSng Jià(qian) JiSngJiu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiāngnán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiāngsū Jiènlì Jiànshè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiànyì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiànzhù (-zhú,</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiao</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">-Jiào Jiàokēshū Jiāoliú</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiāoqū Jiàoshī Jiàotáng Jiāotōng Jiāoyìhuì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiàoyu Jiàqian</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiārù Jiāshǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jiātíng jTbSn Jìbenshang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Jīdòng Jiè</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">-Jiè Jièdao J ièfàng Jièfàngjūn Jiehūn (jiěhūn)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">JiēJi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">level, rank, grade, stage, degree</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be crowded</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8-.1+</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to remember; to commit to memory</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for families)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(suffix indicating a professional or</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">specialist in some activity)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to process; to finish (a product)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to speed up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">abbreviation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be simple</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to stress, to pay attention to, to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">be particular about</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">prize</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to bargain, to haggle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be particular about; to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">elegant, to be tasteful</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the area south of the the lower</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*, 8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">reaches of the Yangtze River</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a coastal province of China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to establish, to found</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to build up, to construct; construc</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">tion, reconstruction</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to suggest; suggestion, proposal</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhu) to build, to construct; structure;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1+</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">architecture</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to hand over, to give</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">religion, church (bound form)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">textbook</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to exchange; exchange, interchange</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">suburbs, outskirts</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">teacher, instructor</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">church, cathedral</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*, 8.1+</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">traffic; transportation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">trade fair</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to educate; education</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">price</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to Join</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">■f</span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">amil</span><span class="font3">y members, (family)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">dependents</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">family</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">basic, fundamental, elementary</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">•8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">basic</span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">all</span><span class="font3">y, on the whole, by</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">and large</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be agitated, to be worked up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to borrow; to lend</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">session</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to successfully borrow</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to liberate, to emancipate; liberation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(People’s) Liberation Army, PLA</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to get married</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(social) class</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jiěshòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to accept</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jièyì^</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to mind, to take offense</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">JÍJÍmángmáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">in a hurry, extremely rushed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">jímáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be hasty, to be hurried</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be tight</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jin...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the past..., the last...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">jìnbù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to progress; progress</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">J ìnchūkōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">import-export</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jìndàishī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">modern history</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">J īngguò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to go through, to pass through; as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">a result of, after, through; course</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(of events), what has happened</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">JlngJi tèqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">special economic zone (SEZ)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jīngshén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">energy, spirits</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jīngxìdào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a kind of rice plant)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jíníng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a city in Inner Mongolia)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jìnkōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to import</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jīnr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">today (Béijīng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jīnshǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">metal</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">J inxíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to carry on, to conduct, to proceed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">JīnzhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be nervous, to be tense</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*, 8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jīqì (Jīqi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">machine, machinery, apparatus</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jìshu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">technique, skill; technology; technical</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jiù ná Sichuan lái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">shuō take Sichuan for example</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jiùshi...yè...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">even (if)...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jlxiè (jījiè)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">machine; machinery; mechanical</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jīxièhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to mechanize; mechanization</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jìzh?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">reporter, Journalist</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jízhǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to concentrate; to centralize; to put</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">together</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jìzhu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to remember</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-Jù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sentence; (counter for sentences or</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">utterances, often followed by</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">huà</span><span class="font3">, ’’speech”)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Juédìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to decide; decision</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jǔ ge lìzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">give an example</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Jǔnduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">army</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Júzi shuī(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">orange Juice (Béijīng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(V V) kàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">try and (V), (V) and see how it is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to depend on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kànbuqī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to look down on, to scorn, to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">despise</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kàndao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to see</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kànzhe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(followed by a verb) as one sees fit,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">as one deems reasonable</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take/give an exam, test, or quiz</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to depend on, to rely on; to lean</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font3">against; to be next to/against/by</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">k&olu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to consider, to think about; consideration</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7 <sub>t</sub>l</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kSoshàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be admitted (to a school or organi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zation by passing an entrance exam)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">káoshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take/give an exam,"test, or quiz;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">exam, test</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-kē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for trees)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">k?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">indeed, certainly, really</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kěài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be loveable/adorable/cute</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kējì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">science and technology</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kěk&yīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cocaine</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Kěkōukělè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Coca Cola</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*, 7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kělián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be pitiful</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kěn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be willing to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7’, 8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kěnéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be possible</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kěxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">science; to be scientific</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">kōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">empty</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kōngchulai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to become vacant</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kǒngshōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">empty-handed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-kSu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for people considered as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">making up a family)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kōuyin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">accent</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to cry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kuài yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">will soon</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kuàngqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mining region</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kùnnan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">difficulty</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Lading zìmǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Latin (Roman) alphabet</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">...lái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">for the past...(amount of time)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">lái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(used before a verb to express that something will be done)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">lái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to do (something), to perform (something), to have (an event), to help oneself (to food, etc.), to join in (a game, etc.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">...lái shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">...speaking</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">lājl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">garbage</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">làngfèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to waste</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">lánwěiyán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">appendicitis</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">láo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">all the time, always</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">láodòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to labor</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">láodonglì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">labor force, labor; able-bodied person</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">l&olao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">grandmother, grandma (maternal)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">láolì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">labor force; labor</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">láo shīfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">old master</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">láoshú (láoshu)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mouse or rat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">l&oxiǎnsheng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">old gentlemen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">l&oyé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">grandfather, grandpa (maternal)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*’</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">láozJSng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">-lèi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">-11 liS</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">lián...dōu/yS... liàng liángshi liánxì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Liáodài liǎoji?</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">liáo tiān(r)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">lí jìng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">lìliàng (lìliàng) llmào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">līngdáo</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">lìngwài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">liùshi niándài liúxia liúxíng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">liúxuéshēng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">11 wù luàn</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">luànqībāzāo</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">Lǔ Xùn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">It} shi lūxíngtuán</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Module & Unit</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">(used with surname as an affectionate 7.8*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">term for a high-ranking PLA commander)</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark79"><span class="font3">category</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark80"><span class="font3">li, a unit of length (1/2 km.)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark81"><span class="font3">TĒáiJìng colloquial word meaning*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark82"><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">liángge</span><span class="font3">, ’’two”) even...</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark83"><span class="font3">to be bright, to be light; to be shiny 8.6 grain, cereals</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark84"><span class="font3">to contact, to get in touch with;</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark85"><span class="font3">connection, ties the Liáo Period*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark86"><span class="font3">to understand/grasp/comprehend; to</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark87"><span class="font3">find out/acquaint oneself with to chat</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark88"><span class="font3">to leave a country or place</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark89"><span class="font3">power; force; strength</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark90"><span class="font3">manners, politeness</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to lead, to direct, to exercise lead- 7.6</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">ership (over); leadership; leader, leading cadre</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark91"><span class="font3">other*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark92"><span class="font3">the decade of the sixties*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark93"><span class="font3">to leave*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark94"><span class="font3">to be common, to be popular, to be</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark95"><span class="font3">prevalent study-abroad students</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark96"><span class="font3">gift</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark97"><span class="font3">to be in disorder, to be in a mess,</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to be chaotic; arbitrarily, recklessly, any old way</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark98"><span class="font3">in a mess, in confusion, in dis-</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">order; miscellaneous, motley, all thrown in together</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark99"><span class="font3">(a famous Chinese author of the 1920s*</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">and 1930s)</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark100"><span class="font3">lawyer, attorney</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark101"><span class="font3">tour group</span></a></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ma</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(marker for obviousness of reasoning)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">ma</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(marker for insistent sentences)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mànmàn (mànmānr)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">slowly; gradually, by and by; taking one’s time (doing something); (tell) all about, in all details</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">mányì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be pleased, to be satisfied</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">màoyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">trade</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">me (ma)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(pause marker)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">méi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be beautiful</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">méitàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">coal</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">méi yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be uninteresting/boring; to be pointless/meaningless; to be a drag; to be without value, not worthy of respect, cheap</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-mén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for courses)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">miànji</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(surface) area</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Ming</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(name of a dynasty, 1368—16UU)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">míngbai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to understand, to be clear on, to comprehend; to be clear, to be intelligible</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Ming Bào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Ming Pao (a Hong Kong newspaper)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">míngcí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">word, term, expression</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mínzú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nationality, a people, nation (ethnic group)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mínzú zhījiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">between nationalities</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">female (for animals)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-mú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mu (a unit of area)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">múchán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">per-mu yield</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Mùníhēi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Munich</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mùqián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the present; at present</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mùtou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wood</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">nà hái yòng shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">that goes without saying</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nSinai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">grandmother (paternal)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nákāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take away, to move (something) out</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">of the way</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nánfāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the bridegroom’s side</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nánfāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the south</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Nán M?i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">South America</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">w nannu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">men and women, male-female</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">nánshòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be uncomfortable; to feel bad,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to feel unhappy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nántīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be unpleasant to hear; to sound</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bad, to offend the ears; to be scandalous</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">ne</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(used in questions asking the where</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">abouts of someone/something)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">ne</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(indicating lack of completion/absence</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">of change)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">.. .ne</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">as for...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nèidì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">interior region (of a country)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*, 8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Nèimèng(gǔ)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Inner Mongolia, Nei Mongol (an auto</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nomous region of China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nénglì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ability</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">niándài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">decade of a century; period, era</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">niánjì (-Ji)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">age</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">niánlíng (-ling)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">age</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">niánqīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be young</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nl hái shi iSoyàngzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">you look as if you haven't changed a bit</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">nílóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">nylon</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">nòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to do; to fool with; to get</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nóngchǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">farm</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nóngcūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">country, rural area; rural</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">nònglai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to get and bring</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nóngmín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">peasant</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*, 8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nongyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">agriculture</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nongyèqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">farming region</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nūlì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to make great efforts, to try</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7-7*,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">hard, to exert oneself</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">nūshěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">coed, woman student</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font3">Ouzhōu</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">pà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be afraid</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pSolai pSoqù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to run back and forth</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*, 8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pèngdao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to hit; to run into, to come across</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-piān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for sheets, articles or</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">pieces of writing)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">plan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to fool, to deceive</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">piānzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">film, movie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pichá bing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pizza</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ping</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be flat, to be level</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">píngdèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">equality; to be equal (of people)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">píngfāng gōngli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">square kilometer</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">píngjūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(on the) average</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">píngjūnshù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">an average number, a mean</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">píngyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">plain, flatlands</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">píngzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">bottle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">pīnmìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">with all one’s might, for all one</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">is worth, desperately, like mad; to risk one’s life, to defy death</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">plnzhíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">variety</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pīzhǔn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to give permission, to approve;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">approval, permission, sanction</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pópo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">gra dmother, grandma</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.h‘</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pubian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be universal, to be general, to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">be widespread, to be common</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pǔtSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be common/regular/ordinary</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">pǔtōnghuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the common (standard) speech,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font3">Standard Chinese</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">qiāng qiáng qiángguó Qiānjīndào Qiánmén qiānwàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">qiánxiē nián qiāo men qíguài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">qìlai -qilai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">qīmS</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Qin qīng qīngchú (-chu) qīng gōngyè Qīnghāi qīngjiāo qíngkuàng qíngxing qīngzhēnsì qīnlūè qiong qítā qiūjì (-)qū quán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">quàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">quánbù quánguó quánjiā rén qǔbié</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">gun</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be strong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.-6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">powerful nation, a (world) power</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Thousand-Catty Rice</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a gate in BèiJIng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">under any circumstances; by no means;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">without fail, be sure to a few years back, in recent years</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to knock at the door</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be strange, to be odd, to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">surprising</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to get up (in several senses)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(resultative ending which indicates</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">starting)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">at least; minimum, lowest, rudimentary,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">elementary</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">(name of a dynasty, 221-207 B.C.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be light</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be clear, to be distinct</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">light industry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a province in western China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*, 8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">green pepper</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">situation, circumstances, condition,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">state of affairs situation, circumstances, condition,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">state of affairs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mosque</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to invade; invasion, aggression</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be poor</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">other, else; the rest</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the fall season</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">area, region, district</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">entirely, completely; whole, entire;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be complete</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to advise, to urge, to try to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">persuade entire, whole, all</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">the whole country</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the whole family</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">difference, distinction</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">rang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">ràng nī Jiu d?ng le rén</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">rang</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">rénj ia</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">rénmín</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">rénmín gōngshè</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">to make (someone a certain way) I’ve kept you waiting person; self; body</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to throw, to throw away</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">people; other people; someone else; they; he, she; I</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">the people people’s commune</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">8.5*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">rènwéi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to think/believe/consider (that)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">rényuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">personnel, staff</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">rèxín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be enthusiastic and interested; to be warmhearted</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">rèxīnqilai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to become enthusiastic and interested</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">rìzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">day; date; time</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">rù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to enter; to Join (an organization)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ruò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be weak</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">rù Tuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to Join the Communist Youth League (</span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gòngqǐngtuán</span><span class="font3"> or </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gòngchǎnzhǔyì Qīngniántuan</span><span class="font3">)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">sàn bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to go for a stroll</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6'</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to kill (means unspecified); to kill (specifically, with a knife or knifelike instrument); to try to kill</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be stupid, to be dumb, to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">silly, to be naive</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shāfā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sofa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8'</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shāmò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">desert</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shāndì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">mountainous region, hilly area (geographical term)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-shang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a verb ending indicating starting and continuing )-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shāngren</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">businessman, businesswoman</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">shàng xué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to go to school; to attend school</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shǎngyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">commerce, business</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shānqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hilly country, mountainous region</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Shǎnxī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(province in north central China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shàoshù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">minority; a minority of, a small number of, few</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shǎoshù mínzú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">minority nationality, national minority</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Shàoxiānduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Young Pioneers</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6'</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shèbèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">equipment; facilities; installation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">shèhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">society; social</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shèhuì kěxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">social sciences</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-shēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">province</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.h</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">shēngchàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to produce; production</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shēngchàn dàduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">production brigade</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shēngch&nduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">production team</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">shēnghuó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to live; life; daily life; livelihood</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shēngyì (shēngyi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">business, trade</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shēnqīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to apply (for)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shēntī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">body; health</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Shēnzhèn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a border stop in Guangdong, formerly spelled Shumchun)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">shèyuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">commune member</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Module & Unit</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">shi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">shi shìcháng Shi Dà Jiànzhù shìjiè shìjièshang shìjièxìng Shisānlíng shitáng shíxiàn</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">shixíng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">shíyóu shizài shìzhèngfǔ shou shòu shòu shōuchāode shōudū</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">shòu Jiàoyu shōurù shōushi</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">shōuxiān shòu xiànzhi shù</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">shūcài shuīpíng shǔjià shùliàng ...(lái) shuō shuōbuqīngchu shuōdao</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">shuōfá</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">shuòshì sī</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Sichuan</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Sìge Xiàndàihuà</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">sìjì '</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">sìjì chang lu Si </span><span class="font18" style="font-style:italic;">Jì</span><span class="font3"> Qīng Si Shǔ</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">sīxiSng</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><a href="#bookmark102"><span class="font3">to cause (folloved by a verb), to</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">mak</span><span class="font3">e, to enable</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark103"><span class="font3">city, municipality</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark104"><span class="font3">market*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark105"><span class="font3">the Ten Great Structures (in Béijīng) 8.ú world</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark106"><span class="font3">in the world, in the whole world</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark107"><span class="font3">worldwide</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">the Ming Tombs</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark108"><span class="font3">mess hall, dining room</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark109"><span class="font3">to realize/achieve/bring about/</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark110"><span class="font3">accomplish/come true to practice, to carry out, to put</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark111"><span class="font3">into effect, to implement (a method, policy, plan, reform, etc.) petroleum, oil</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark112"><span class="font3">really; to be real</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark113"><span class="font3">city hall*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark114"><span class="font3">to harvest</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark115"><span class="font3">to receive</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark116"><span class="font3">to be thin*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark117"><span class="font3">handwritten*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark118"><span class="font3">capital</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark119"><span class="font3">to receive an education</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark120"><span class="font3">income, earnings</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark121"><span class="font3">to straighten up; to get one’s</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">things ready first; first of all, in the first place 8.2</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark122"><span class="font3">to be restricted*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark123"><span class="font3">tree*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark124"><span class="font3">vegetable</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark125"><span class="font3">level, standard</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark126"><span class="font3">simmer vacation</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark127"><span class="font3">quantity, amount, number</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark128"><span class="font3">...speaking</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark129"><span class="font3">can’t explain clearly</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark130"><span class="font3">to speak of; as for</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark131"><span class="font3">way of saying a thing; statement,</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">version, argument</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark132"><span class="font3">Master’s degree 7.2*,*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark133"><span class="font3">to die 7.3’,</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark134"><span class="font3">(province in central China)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark135"><span class="font3">the Four Modernizations (of agricul-</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark136"><span class="font3">ture, industry, national defense, and science and technology) four seasons*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark137"><span class="font3">green all year round*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark138"><span class="font3">(a commune in Báijīng suburbs)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark139"><span class="font3">the Four Books (</span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàxué</span><span class="font3">, </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōnpyōng</span><span class="font3">,</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">LúnyS</span><span class="font3">, </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mèngzī</span><span class="font3">)</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">thought, way of thinking, ideas 7.5*, 8.6*</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">sònghuiqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take/escort back</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5’ •</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sòngxíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to see (someone off), to wish (someone) a good trip; to give a going-away party</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">suàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be considered, to count as, can be regarded as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*, 8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">suàn le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">forget it, let’s drop the matter, let it go at that; come off it, come on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sùdu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">speed, pace</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Sū-Háng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Suzhou and Hangzhou (abbreviation)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Sǔlian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Soviet Union</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sūnnù</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">granddaughter (through one’s son) grandson (through one’s son)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sǔnzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">suōyōude...dōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">all</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sùshè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">living quarters; dormitory</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-tai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(counter for machines)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tàiyang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">sun</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to talk about (used with the object </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēngy</span><span class="font3">ì, </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">màoyi</span><span class="font3">, etc., in the sense of "to negotiate")</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tán liàn’ài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be in love, to be going together (courtship)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tàolùn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to discuss; discussion</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tSoyàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to dislike, to be disgusted with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tèdi&n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">distinctive trait, characteristic</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">téng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be very fond of, to be attached to, to dote on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to carry (from the hand at the side of the body); to lift/raise; to mention/bring up; to put forward/ propose; to ask (questions)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8’, 8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Tiān’ānmén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Gate of Heavenly Peace</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Tianjin (Tiānjlng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a municipality and port in northeast China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tian liàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">daybreak, dawn; to become light out</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Tian Tan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Temple of Heaven</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to jump, to leap</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tiáojiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">conditions), circumstances</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tiáoyuē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">treaty</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tiáozi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">a brief, informal note</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tíchǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to raise/put forward/propose</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tíchulai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to bring up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tièlù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">railroad</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tígāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to raise, to improve</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tímu (-mù)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">topic, subject; title; exam question, test problem</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">ting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to heed (advice), to obey (orders)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">tīngdechǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be able to distinguish by listening</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">tongjū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to cohabit; cohabitation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">tóngyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to consent, to agree</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tíngyī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to become united; to unite, to unify;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">unification</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">tour</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">head, chief, boss</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-tuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">group of people, society (bound form)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6, 8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Tuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">the (Communist Youth) League</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">tǔdì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">land</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Tiíěrqí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Turkey</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tuī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to push</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tuōlājī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">tractor</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">tūpiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">picture, photograph</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Tz.’</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Tsk (clicking sound with several</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font3">different uses: disappointment, admiration, hesitation, etc.)</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">wàigōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">grandfather, grandpa (maternal)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wàihuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">foreign exchange</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wàipo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">grandmother, grandma (maternal)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1+*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wàishāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">foreign businessman</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wàiwén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">foreign language</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wānhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">evening party; evening of entertainment</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*, 8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">w&nliàn wSnhūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">late involvement and late marriage</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Wànll Changchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Great Wall of Ten Thousand Li</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-wèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">place, position</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wéidà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be great (e.g., a leader)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">wèile</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">in order to; for the purpose of; for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">the sake of</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Wéiwúér</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Uygur (Uighur) nationality</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">WénGé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Cultural Revolution</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">wénhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">culture; schooling, education, literacy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Wénhuà (Dà) Gémìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Cultural Revolution</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wénxuéj iā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">writer, literary man</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">wénzhāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">article, essay; prose style</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wénzì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">writing, script, written language</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">wSde tian na.'</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">my God.’</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">WuduS JInhuā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Five Golden Flowers (a film)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">wǔjiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">noontime nap</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Wuxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a city in Jiāngsū province)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">department (of a school)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-xià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">under</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàndài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">modern, contemporary; modern times</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*, 8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàndàihuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to become modernized; modernization;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">modern(ized), sophisticated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to sound, to make a sound</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1**</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be like, to resemble; like; such as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàngbuchū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">can't think up, can't come up with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiāngdāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">quite, pretty, considerably</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàngdao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to think of</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiāngxìn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to believe (in); to trust, to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7*, 8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">certain, to be convinced (that)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàngzhe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be thinking of, to have on one's</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mind</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiānjin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be advanced</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiànjīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">cash</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiànzhi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to restrict, to limit; restriction,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">limitation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">young</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiào diàn(r) shēng(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">a little more quietly</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiāofèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to consume</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiāofèipīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">consumer goods</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiāofèizh?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">consumer</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàolū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">efficiency</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiāomiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to exterminate/eliminate/wipe out/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">stamp out</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiào péngyou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">little friend; kids</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàoshun</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be filial; filial obedience</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiàoshuō(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">fiction, novel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiāoxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">news</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xià qí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to play chess</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-xiaqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">(resultative ending which indicates</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">continuing an action)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-xiaqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">down (directional ending used for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">eating or drinking down)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">XTbài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the Northwest</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xī dú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take drugs; drug taking</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Xīfāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the West</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xíguàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">habit, custom, usual practice; to be</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">accustomed to, to be used to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">heart; mind</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-xing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">nature, -ness, -ity</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xìngkuī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">fortunately, luckily</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xìngqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">interest</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Xīnjiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(an autonomous region of China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xìn jiao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to believe in a religion</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xīnkà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be arduous/tiring/hard work; to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">work hard/go through hardships</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xīnli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">in one's heart, in one's mind</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xīnshàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to appreciate/enjoy/admire</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xīnshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">something weighing on one's mind,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">worry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xīnwén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">news</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font13">"Xīnwén Jiànbào"</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font13">"News Summary"</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xīnvénpiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">newsreel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Xīnvén Zhōukān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Newsweek</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xiū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to repair; to build (roads, reservoirs); to trim, to prune</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xuin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to choose, to select; to elect</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xúduō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">many, much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xué hào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to learn from good examples, to learn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be a good person</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xuéhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to learn, to master</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xuéqī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">semester, term (of school)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xuéshēnghuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">student association</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xué yī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to study medicine</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xuéyuàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(academic) institute</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*. 8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xuézh?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">scholar</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">xùmuyè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">livestock farming, animal husbandry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xùnliànbān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">training class</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">xūyàoliàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">level of need/demand (for an item)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">y&n dianyIng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to show a movie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">-yàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">kind, sort (bound form)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yán’gé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be strict, to be rigorous</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yánhli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">along the coast, coastal</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yánjīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">eye</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yánjiū (-Jiu, -Jiù)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to study (in detail), to do</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">research on; research</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yánjiūshěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">graduate student</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yánzhe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">along(side)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yánzhòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be serious, to be grave</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yàoburan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">otherwise</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2*, 8.7’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yào kàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to depend on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">ySoqiú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to require/request/demand</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*, 8.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Yàzhǒu (Yá-)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Asia</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yèdà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">evening university</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yèdàxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">evening university</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yé gai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">really should</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">...yí hào, ...yè hSo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">whether...or...; both...and...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yè Jiù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">accordingly, correspondingly, so</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yéye</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">grandfather (paternal)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’, 7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yèyú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">spare-time, after-hours, amateur</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">medical science, medicine (used in</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">phrases like </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">xué yi</span><span class="font3">)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">as soon as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1’, 7.U’, 8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yi-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(used before direction words to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">mark direction with reference</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">a point)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">-yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hundred million</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìbān lái shuǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">generally speaking, ordinarily</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.5’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìbiǎn(r)...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">doing...while doing...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p><span class="font3">ylbiān(r)...</span></p>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìfǎngmiàn...,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">on the one hand..., on the other</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìfǎngmiàn...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hand...; for one thing..., for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">Yíhéyuán (Yì-)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">another thing...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">the Summer Palace (in Bōijìng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìjiāzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">one family; the whole family; the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yī..Jiù...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">same family as soon as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yímiàn(r)...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">doing...while doing...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yímiàn(r)...</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">yìnián bl yìnián duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">more and more every year</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìnián sìjì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">in all four seasons of the year,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.3*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yí shàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">all year round above, over (an amount)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìshí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">for the moment</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1**</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìshu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">art</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">YIsīlán Jiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Islam</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìtiǎn dào wSn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">all day long</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yīwéi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to think (mistakenly), to assume</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yíxià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">under (an amount)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yīxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">medical science, medicine</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yīyuàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">hospital</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yìzhí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">all along, continuously, all the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yònggōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">time (up until a certain point) to be hardworking (in one’s studies)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">excellent</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to come up to (a certain level)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">also</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">anyway; after all</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu bànfá, (duì...)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be able to deal with (something)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu bāngzhu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be helpful</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu dàoll</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to make sense</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōuéryuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">kindergarten</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5*, 8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu gulju</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to have manners, to be proper</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōuhāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be friendly, to be amicable</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1**</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yóulān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to sightsee, to tour</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu límào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be well mannered, to be polite</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu míng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be famous</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu qián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be rich</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu xiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be effective; to be valid</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu xìngqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be interested</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu yánjiǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to have done research on; to know</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yōu yōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">a lot about to be useful</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yǔ^</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">and (written style)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yuánlái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">original, former; originally,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yuànyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">formerly; it turns out that..., so...J (expresses finding out the true situation</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to wish, would like, to want to;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yuányīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be willing to reason, cause</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">yúcháng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">fishery</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yuè lai yuè...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">more and more..., increasingly</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.-2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yuè...yuè...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">the more...the more...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yūfS</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">grammar</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yùn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to transport, to ship, to carry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Yúnnán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a province of China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yùnqi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">luck</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yuyán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">language</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yǔyánxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">linguistics</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">yǔyánxuéjià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">linguist</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <table border="1">
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">zài shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">furthermore, besides, moreover</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5’, 7.8*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">...zài shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">...and then we’ll see about it</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">z&o</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">a long time ago</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">z&ohūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">early marriage; child marriage; to marry as a child, to marry early</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zénme gàode</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">what’s wrong; what’s the matter; how come</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zánme (yì)huí shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">what’s it all about</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zènme (yì)huí shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">like this</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zéren (-rèn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">responsibility</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhāi huā(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to pick flowers</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to occupy (space), to take up (time);</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to make up, to constitute (an amount)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">zháng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to grow</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhángdà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to grow up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.3</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhàngfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">husband</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhànzhēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">war</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U’, 8.2*, 8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhSobudào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">can’t.find, to be unable to find</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2*, 9.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhàogu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">to take care of; care</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhàopiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">photograph</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhèi yíxiàzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">after this, as a result of this</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Zhéjiāng (Zhejiang)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">(a province in eastern China)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.6</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhème (yì)huí shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">like this</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">Just, precisely, right</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.5</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhèngcè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">policy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6, 7.5’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhèngfú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">government</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.6, 7.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhénggè(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">whole, entire; completely, in entirety</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhènghXo(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">it Just so happens that, to happen to, as it happens; Just in time, Just right, Just enough</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.8</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhéngqí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">to be neat, to be tidy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.U*</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhèngzhi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">politics; political</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.1</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhígōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">staff and workers; worker or staff member</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.7</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhī hào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">can only, to have to, to be forced to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.U</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">...zhīj iSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">between...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.8’</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhiliàng (zhí-,zhī-)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">quality</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">8.2</span></p></td></tr>
- <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">zhīshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">knowledge</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
- <p><span class="font3">7.2</span></p></td></tr>
- </table>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font3">zhī yào zhìzào zhìzàochāng -zhòng zhòng zhòng zhòngdián Zhōngdōng Zhōngguō Guōjì</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Lūxíngshg</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Zhōngguō Lūxíngshè </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngguō Qīngnián </span><span class="font3">Zhōnghuá Rénmín</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Gònghéguó zhòng nán qīng nu</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">Zhōngshān Gōngyuán zhōngxīn </span><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngxuéshěng </span><span class="font3">zhōngzú zhōukān zhuānjiā zhuàn qián zhuānyè zhuānyèhuà zhǔrén zhùxialai</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">zhǔyào</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">-zhūyì zīběn zìcóng zirán</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">zirán kěxué zixué zìyōu zìyōu shìchāng zīyuán zizhìqū zōng</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">zōngde lái shuō zōnggōngchéngshī zōngjiào zōng mi anJi zōng shōurù zōngtōng -zú</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">Module & Unit </span><span class="font3">provided that, as long as 7.7 7 £*</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark140"><span class="font3">to manufacture</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark141"><span class="font3">manufacturing plant, factory</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark142"><span class="font12"><sup>ln</sup></span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark143"><span class="font3">to plant; to grow</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark144"><span class="font3">to be heavy</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark145"><span class="font3">focal point, emphasis; key</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark146"><span class="font3">the Middle East</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark147"><span class="font3">China International Travel Service</span><span class="font12">*</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">(CITS)</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark148"><span class="font3">China Travel Service (CTS)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark149"><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">China Youth</span><span class="font3"> (a periodical)</span><span class="font12">*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark150"><span class="font3">People's Republic of China</span><span class="font12">*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark151"><span class="font3">to regard males as superior</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">to females</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark152"><span class="font3">Sun Yatsen Park*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark153"><span class="font3">center, heart, core, hub; central</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark154"><span class="font3" style="text-decoration:underline;">High School Student</span><span class="font3"> (a periodical)*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark155"><span class="font3">race; racial</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark156"><span class="font3">weekly publication, weekly magazine</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark157"><span class="font3">specialist, expert</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark158"><span class="font3">to earn money, to make money</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark159"><span class="font3">special line/field/discipline</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark160"><span class="font3">to specialize; specialization</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark161"><span class="font3">host; master*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark162"><span class="font3">to move and stay (in a place), to*</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">settle down</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">major, main, essential; mainly, 7.5*, 8.1</span></p>
- <p><span class="font3">essentially</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark163"><span class="font3">-ism, doctrine (bound form)</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark164"><span class="font3">capital*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark165"><span class="font3">ever since*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark166"><span class="font3">nature; to be natural; naturally; in</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark167"><span class="font3">the normal course of events natural sciences</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark168"><span class="font3">to study by oneself*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark169"><span class="font3">freedom; to be free</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">free market 7 • 5 *</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark170"><span class="font3">(natural) resources</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark171"><span class="font3">autonomous region</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark172"><span class="font3">always; inevitably, without</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">exception; after all, in any case</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark173"><span class="font3">generally speaking, on the whole</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark174"><span class="font3">chief engineer*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark175"><span class="font3">(organized) religion</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark176"><span class="font3">total area*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark177"><span class="font3">total income*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark178"><span class="font3">president*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark179"><span class="font3">nationality</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Module & Unit</span></p>
- <div>
- <p><span class="font12">zui zuì zuìJin</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">zuo</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">-zuò zuòbuliío zuò llbài</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12">zuòxia zuòyè zǔzhi</span></p>
- </div><br clear="all">
- <p><a href="#bookmark180"><span class="font12">mouth*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark181"><span class="font12">crime; guilt</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark182"><span class="font12">lately, recently; the near future,</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font12">soon</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark183"><span class="font12">to be, to act as</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark184"><span class="font12">(counter for massive objects)*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark185"><span class="font12">to be unable to do**</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark186"><span class="font12">to worship, to attend a religious 7-7*,*</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font12">service</span></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark187"><span class="font12">to sit down</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark188"><span class="font12">homework*</span></a></p>
- <p><a href="#bookmark189"><span class="font12">to organize; organization</span></a></p>
- <p><span class="font3">25</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup><a name="bookmark16"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">He really is.</span></p>
- <p><sup><a href="#footnote2">2</a></sup><a name="bookmark37"></a></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">The five autonomous regions (AR) are</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Nèiměnggū Zìzhìqū</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū</span></p>
- <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Xinjiang Weiwúēr Zìzhìqū Gu&ngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū Xīzàng Zìzhìqū</span></p>
- </body>
- </html>
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