FSI-Chinese/Module-8/Appendix/Appendix.csv

APPENDIX:

WORD USAGE EXERCISES

TRANSLATION EXERCISE

-   I. Choose between cānguān, fāngwèn and kàn in translating these
    sentences.

-   1. What places did you visit when you went to China?

-   2. I don't even have time to visit my friends.

-   3. This is not a formal (zhèngshì) visit. Don't be nervous
    (jǐnzhāng).

-   II. shāoshù, hěn shào

-   1. There are very few people who will not help others.

-   2. Only a small number of students make (chù) that kind of mistake.

-   III. Choose between direction names with -fàng, -bù, and -biān (for
    example, běifāng, běibù, and běibiān).

-   1. Northerners like to eat foods made from wheat (miànshí), and
    Southerners like to eat rice (mìfàn).

-   2. There are several famous universities in the eastern United
    States.

-   3. Hángzhōu is southwest of Shànghài.

-   4. New York is in the northeast.

-   5. Inner Mongolia is west of Manchuria.

-   6. People from northern Taiwan have a different accent from
    southerners.

-   IV. dǒng, liāojiě, zhīdào, tīngshuō, tīngdóng

-   1. If you understood that I wasn’t going to come, why did you still
    stand there waiting for two hours?

-   2. I could understand everything he said, although he spoke with a
    very heavy (zhòng) accent (kōuyīn).

-   3. Such a weird (guài) guy is really impossible to understand.

-   4. I understand you’re going to school this summer. Is that true?

-   5. I can understand the Shànghài dialect, but I can't speak it very
    well.

-   V. gāo, nòng, zuò

-   1. Doing these sentences drives me crazy ("gives one a headache").

-   2. It was very difficult to do scientific experimentation (kěxué
    shíyàn) under such circumstances.

-   3. What are you doing there, you naughty child!

TRANSLATION EXERCISE

-   I. Choose -zhōng, -lèi, or -gang to translate these sentences:

-   1. How could you think that he was that kind of person?

-   2. She'll eat any kind of food.

-   3. What breed of dog (gǒu) is this?

-   4. We should research these questions by category.

-   II. mùqián, xiànzài, zhèihuīr

-   1. Where is he now?

-   2. At present the international situation (guójì xingshì) is
    complicated.

-   3. I'm leaving right now.

-   4. It is now 9:26 Běijīng time.

-   III. null, yònggōng, shì ("to try")

-   1. Try doing it this way. If it doesn't work, we'll see what we can
    do about it later.

-   2. All the students here are hardworking.

-   3. China is hard at work on modernization, and we want to help.

-   4. I tried his office three times today, but no one answered the
    phone.

-   IV. púbiàn, pǔtōng, píngcháng, liúxíng

-   1. That's a popular saying.

-   2. In Shanghai, for men and women to hold hands (shōu lā shóu) is a
    very common thing.

-   3. How much does an ordinary worker here make a month?

-   4. Frisbees (fēipán) are now very common in Běijīng.

-   V. wángua'n, guan, zhěngg'e

-   1. The room was filled with smoke (yān).

-   2. His idea (xiángfǎ) was completely wrong.

-   3. I'm afraid he completely misunderstood what I meant.

-   4. The whole article was about how bad their planning had been.

-   5. His whole family came.

-   VI. qūbié, chǎbié, bù yiyàng

-   1. There aren't many differences between the big cities of . the
    northeastern United States and those of Western

Europe (Xī'ōu).

-   2. I could hardly tell the difference between the twins (zhèduì
    shuǎngbǎotǎi).

-   3. Would you explain the difference between these two terms
    (míngcí)?

-   VII. rènwéi, yīwéi, xiǎng, juéde

-   1. He thought that it was an hour earlier than it really
    (shíjìshang) was.

-   2. I think the best way to study a foreign language {wàiyǔ) is to
    live in the country where it is spoken.

-   3. What do you think of Běijīng?

-   4. Why do you consider him such a dangerous person?

-   5. A: Has he already gone back?

B: I think so, but I'm not sure.

-   VIII. shǒuxiān, xiān, dìyī

-   1. First I stayed in a small town (xiǎozhèn) for a month and then
    came here.

-   2. In his office_(r) he is always the first to arrive.

-   3. You have to first get the pronunciation right in order to get the
    spelling (pīnxiě) right.

-   IX. tiáojiàn, qíngkuàng

-   1. Why don't you apply yourself to your studies? You have such
    excellent conditions.

-   2. He can't stand (shòubuliǎo) the situation any longer.

-   3. Under the circumstances, he had no choice but to agree.

-   4. How are business conditions in China these days?

-   5. Conditions have changed greatly in rural China in the past thirty
    years.

-   6. Working conditions there are better now than the last time I
    visited.

TRANSLATION EXERCISE

-   I. Choose miànji, dìqù, -dài, -qū, -bù, or bùfen in translating
    these sentences.

-   1. This area is very dirty.

-   2. This area of the city isn't safe.

-   3. The area of this room is nine square meters (jiǔ píngfāng mi).

-   4. In the northeastern area of China, there is a lot of industry.

-   5. This kind of rice is produced in the Jiāngnán area.

-   6. The southwestern part of the United States has a very distinctive
    natural environment.

-   7. I don't get the chance to come to this part of town very often.

-   8. This kind of architecture is very popular in these parts.

-   II. dàozi, mi, fàn

-   1. His father grows ride.

-   2. This is fried rice, not plain ("white") rice.

-   3. This rice is grown (chūchǎn) only in Guǎngdōng.

-   III. fāzhàn, zhang

-   1. Your rice is growing pretty well!

-   2. China's economy has grown slowly during the past two decades.

-   3. The kids are growing so fast.

-   4. Our company has grown quickly.

-   5. Over the past one hundred years, Shàntóu has grown into an
    important industrial city.

-   IV. jià, jiātíng, jiā(li)rén, -hù

-   1. There are no boys in their family.

-   2. Xiǎo Ping's whole family went to the seashore on Sunday.

-   3. Such a family is rare (bù cháng jiàn) in America.

-   4. Thirty years ago there were only twenty-odd families in this town
    (xíàozhèn).

-   5. Next Saturday I'm going up to Bèijīng to see my family.

-   6. Almost every family has a television in our country. Some
    families have more than one.

-   V. jīqì, jīxiè

-   1. Our country’s machine industry is still young.

-   2. The application (yìngyòng) of large machines started three
    hundred years ago.

-   3. Agricultural machinery is badly needed in China.

-   4. Shall I take you to see our new machinery now?

-   VI. -kóu, -ge, -wèi

-   1. Will the seven of us fit (in the car)?

-   2. Those three professors all graduated from Harvard (Hàfó).

-   3. How many people are there in your family?

-   4. (When entering a restaurant for dinner) Headwaiter: How many?

You:          Four.

-   VII. píngjūn, yìban

-   1. The average height (gǎodù) of the students in this class is about
    1.6 meters (yìmi liù).

-   2. The average person can eat fifteen to twenty-five jiǎozi.

-   3. On an average day, I can write five pages (yè).

-   VIII. rén, rénmín, rénmen, rénjia

-   1. The people would surely not like to keep (báoliú) such a thing in
    the constitution (xiànfǎ).

-   2. There isn't much difference between the two brothers (in
    personality).

-   3. Friendship involves at least two people.

-   4. I've heard people say that they're going to build (gài) a hotel
    at that intersection.

-   5. People naturally prefer to live in a quiet place rather than in
    the busy downtown area (nàoshì, "busy downtown area").

-   6. People are people; she's no different from anyone else.

-   IX. túpiàn, zhaopi an, huà(r)

-   1. I think that picture is of her mother, but it must have been
    taken many years ago.

-   2. Where did you get so many pictures of China?

-   3. The picture that old man (lǎotóuzi) is drawing is really ugly!

TRANSLATION EXERCISE

-   I. Choose gài, xiū, jiànzhù, or jiànshè in translating these
    sentences:

-   1. This highway was three years'in construction. (It took three
    years to finish building this highway.)

-   2. Are those workers building new dormitories?

-   3. Is this how you intend to build a powerful country?!

-   4. Many city walls (chéngqiáng) built in ancient times were
    destroyed (huíle) during wars.

-   5. No one may build in this district.

-   6. How long did it take to build this bridge (zhèizuò qiáo)?

-   II. kě, zhěn, yidìng, dāngrán, shi ("to be," emphatic)

-   1. He is going to go, but he hasn't decided when yet.

-   2. When you tell him, he's sure to be happy.

-   3. That sure was an interesting movie.

-   4. He sure has a lot of friends!

-   5. Drugs (dùpín) — that's certainly not something to mess with.

-   6. A: Can you tell me why your government didn't send anyone to take
    part?

B: Sure I can tell you. It's like this: . . .

-   7. A: Would he know the answer (dá'àn) to this question?

B: I'm sure he would.

-   8. They want to concentrate on only a portion of the work; that just
    won't do!

-   III. In each sentence, "how old" requires a different translation.

-   1. How old is this building?

-   2. How old are you? (tó a young person)

-   3. How old is your boy?

-   4. How old is your grandfather?

-   5. How old is China?

-   6. How old is this movie?

-   7. How old are these shoes of yours?

-   8. How old are these magazines?

-   9. How old is this chicken soup? (How long since it was made?)

-   10. How old is this bean curd? (How long since it was bought?)

-   IV. gú, gǔdài

-   1. That’s an ancient building.

-   2. Man already knew how to cook in ancient times.

-   3. He likes to study (dú) the ancient books.

-   4. XI'an is an ancient city.

-   V. chuánguò, jīngguò, guò, guògu

-   1. Ten years have passed, and she's still just as young and pretty
    (as before).

-   2. Cross the street and wait for me in front of that building.

-   3. I pass there every day on my way to work (shàng bānde shíhou).

-   4. Time passes so guickly!

-   5. The train passed several stations without stopping.

-   6. When I'm in a hurry, I cut through the park.

-   7. After a month had passed, he felt much better.

-   8. Through the efforts of many people, we have been able to set up
    (kāibàn) an elementary school here.

TRANSLATION EXERCISE

-   I. bang, bāngzhù, bangmang

-   1. Would you help me?

-   2. I don't need this kind of help.

-   3. He came to help.

-   4. Would you hold this for me for a second?

-   5. I'll help you write the report (bàogào).

-   6. We can help each other.

-   II. gè-, mèi-, yī~ ("one")

-   1. Each person has his own ideas. How can he make you do it this
    way?

-   2. Each year we have many excellent students.

-   3. Each state has some laws of its own.

-   4. These apples are a dime each.

-   5. Each book he writes is better than the last.

-   III. guan, guānxīn, jièyì

-   1. Although she says little, she actually (shíjìshang) cares deeply.

-   2. If you don't mind, I'd like to ask you a few questions.

-   3. People didn't care a bit about those pitiful (kěliánde) children.

-   4. Who cares what you do?!

-   5. Don't mind him!

-   IV. qítǎ, biéde, ling(wài), yī-, nèi-

-   1. These sentences are pretty good; the others are too colloquial
    (tú).

-   2. Well, you can say he's right about this point, but how about the
    other questions?

-   3. One is too weak, the other is too fat (pang).

-   4. When you're taking the test, don't think about other things.

-   5. This vase is not bad, but the other one is even prettier.

-   6. Do you want to know the other reasons?

-   7. Put your other hand here.

-   V. -wèi, dìwèi

-   1. I don't like to talk with those who are in high positions.

-   2. India's rice (dàmí) output is the highest ("first") in the world.

-   3. He's too young to be in such a high position.

-   VI. bú fàngxìn, dānxīn

-   1. I'm very worried about him. He doesn't look well.

-   2. Without you here I've been sort of anxious.

-   3. What is there to worry about?

-   4. I would really worry if you went alone.

-   5. Don't worry. She's already grown up; she can take care of
    herself.

TRANSLATION EXERCISE

-   I. gǒngchàng, chang

-   1. The air is really bad because there are so many factories in this
    area.

-   2. She'd never been so happy since she came to ("entered") this
    factory.

-   3. He works in a camera factory.

-   II. méi, hǎokàn, piàoliàng

-   1. She's really a beautiful girl.

-   2. What a beautiful place this is!

-   3. This dress doesn't look good at all. Why do you want to buy it?

-   4. You speak beautiful standard Chinese!

-   5. What a handsome son you have, Department Chief Xú.

-   6. The weather is beautiful today.

-   III. chà, bù hào, huài

-   1. His pronunciation is too bad.

-   2. He doesn't speak French well.

-   3. His Japanese isn't bad.

-   4. On the whole, it's a pretty nice place; it's just that the
    weather is always bad.

-   5. Bad boy ("child")!

-   6. Conditions here used to be very bad; now they're much better.

-   7. That commune’s level of mechanization is rather poor.

-   IV. liǎojiě, zhīdao, rènshi, shóu (shú)

-   1. I didn't know him when we were at Oxford (Niújīn).

-   2. Do you know what happened between them (tamen zhījiān)?

-   3. I know nothing about that.

-   4. You still don't know me too well, do you?

-   5. I knew him, but not very well. We had only met a couple of times.

-   6. I know of him, but I’ve never met him.

-   7. I still~3on’t know Běijīng very well; perhaps we should go
    together.

-   8. (To taxi driver) I want to go to the Dàhuá Restaurant. Do you
    know it?

-   9. Of the three of us, you know him best. Do you think he would mind
    if we did this?

TRANSLATION EXERCISE

-   I. Choose háishi... or zuì hǎo in translating these sentences.

-   1. We'd better not go after all. See, it's raining.

-   2. You'd better walk there. It's very hard to drive on that road.

-   3. It’s best to be mentally prepared ("in the heart have
    preparation").

-   4. I’d better not drink too much. I have to drive.

-   5. It would be best if I could talk with him in person. Would that
    be possible?

-   6. Chinese food is still the tastiest, don't you think?

-   II. jiǎshǔ, jià, jiā(li)rén

-   1. This housing is for workers and their families.

-   2. How many people are there in the average worker's family?

-   3. Is your whole family in Huángzhuàng?

-   4. They go home every Saturday to be with their families.

-   III. kuài (yào), yào, huì, gang yào, zhèng yào, jiù yào, hěn kuài
    jiù

-   1. Be patient. We'll be there soon.

-   2. He's going to get his Ph.D. (bóshì xuéwèi) this summer.

-   3. You've come at the perfect time. I'm just about to pack the
    suitcases.

-   4. She'll be happy if you do that.

-   5. Look, it's about to rain.

-   6. It's going to rain today.

-   7. That's what I was just about to say, (but) you didn't give me the
    chance to say it.

-   8. She forgot about the matter very soon.

-   9. Three new consulates (lingshìguǎn) are going to open very soon.

-   10. I’m about to die of hunger!

-   11. Don’t worry. I’ll tell him.

-   12. It’s almost over (finished).

-   13. If you don’t stay in touch ("maintain contact") with them, they
    forget you very soon.

-   14. He came when I was just about to leave.

-   IV. yánzhe, pángbian

-   1. They've planted a lot of trees alongside the river.

-   2. Alongside the street, I saw many new stores.

-   3. They built a railroad alongside the border.

-   4. Just walk along this street, and you'll see a lot of clothing
    stores.

-   5. There is a park alongside the factory.

-   V. yishàng, shàngmian, -duō OR yixià, xiàmian, bú dào

-   1. There are probably over ten people there.

-   2. He has under twenty students.

-   3. Children ten and over may participate;

-   4. It will cost over fifty dollars.

-   5. We had been going for less than an hour when the car broke down.

-   6. Only buildings with over four stories have elevators.

-   7. Under this brigade there are ten production teams.

-   8. It's been over a month since I saw him last.

-   9. His office is right above mine.

TRANSLATION EXERCISE

-   I. Choose dāihuir, děng yíxià, déng (yì)huir, yihòu, or hòulái in
    translating these sentences:

-   1. I'll be leaving in a minute.

-   2. Later, when you have time, let's talk, okay?

-   3. Wait a second. I think I hear him coming.

-   4. Later, I found out that she had been a Red Guard.

-   5. Things were very chaotic at that time, but later on they got
    better.

-   6. His later short stories are mostly about the Uygurs.

-   7. He'll be here in a while.

-   II. fánróng, fādá

-   1. The Táng dynasty was a period (shíqī) when China's culture
    flourished.

-   2. I didn't expect that this place would have become so prosperous
    in the ten years since I left.

-   3. Livestock farming is well developed in Xinjiang and Inner
    Mongolia.

-   4. Japan's industry and commerce are flourishing and the economy is
    thriving.

-   III. qiǎnwàn, yídìng

-   1. Be sure to bring that book.

-   2. Be sure not to forget to ask him whether he is coming.

-   3. I'll be sure to tell him.

-   IV. xiāoxi, xīnwén

-   1. Where did you hear this news?

-   2. There isn't any interesting news in today's paper.

-   3. Is there any news about China?

-   4. She often brought us unpleasant (bù yúkuàide) news.

-   5. Has there been any news about when the meeting will be held?

-   6. What good news is there today?

-   7. News reporters (jizAě) are the best at getting information.