FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText.txt 230 KB

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  1. FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 06 MTG - Student Text
  2. Foreign Service Institute
  3. CM 0185 S
  4. STANDARD CHINESE
  5. A MODULAR APPROACH
  6. STUDENT TEXT
  7. MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION
  8. MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING
  9. SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE J
  10. UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS
  11. INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR
  12. COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO
  13. DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
  14. FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER
  15. NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 939^0
  16. TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES ETC.,
  17. WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF VIEW ARE
  18. SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY FIND
  19. THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSATIONS OR
  20. WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE PRESENCE OF
  21. CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN THESE MATERIALS IS
  22. NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS OF THE WRITERS, OF THE
  23. DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
  24. DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT.
  25. IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS "HE," "HIM," AND "HIS" DENOTE BOTH
  26. MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT APPLY TO
  27. TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.
  28. STANDARD CHINESE
  29. A MODULAR APPROACH
  30. STUDENT TEXT
  31. MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING
  32. AUGUST 1979
  33. PREFACE
  34. Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency
  35. conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to
  36. address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training
  37. community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect
  38. current usage in Beijing and Taipei.
  39. The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough
  40. in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of
  41. government agencies and academic institutions.
  42. A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the
  43. Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense
  44. Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute,
  45. the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S.
  46. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign
  47. Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill,
  48. John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C.
  49. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R.
  50. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T.
  51. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz
  52. (CFFLS).
  53. The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in
  54. space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S.
  55. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.
  56. Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council
  57. was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language
  58. Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M.
  59. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown
  60. University. In the fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy
  61. project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center
  62. and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on
  63. the planning council and contributed material to the project. The
  64. planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials
  65. and met regularly to review their development.
  66. Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,
  67. Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation
  68. with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign
  69. Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the
  70. comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the
  71. communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides.
  72. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the
  73. student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the
  74. staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials
  75. subsequent to Module 6.
  76. All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao,
  77. Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and
  78. Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee,
  79. Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and
  80. Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of
  81. dialogues.
  82. Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent
  83. Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang,
  84. Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.
  85. The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the
  86. Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was
  87. voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr.
  88. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry,
  89. Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.
  90. The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service
  91. Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A.
  92. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.
  93. Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the
  94. cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign
  95. Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning
  96. Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois;
  97. and the University of Virginia.
  98. Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of
  99. the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the
  100. DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course
  101. materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing,
  102. typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out
  103. these tasks.                                         _
  104. James R. Frith, Chairman
  105. Qninese Core Curriculum Project Board
  106. CONTENTS
  107. Preface
  108. MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION
  109. Objectives
  110. Map of Beijing
  111. Map of Taipei
  112. Target Lists
  113. UNIT 1
  114. Reference List
  115. Vocabulary
  116. Reference Notes
  117. Using buses
  118. ’’When"
  119. "First," "last," "next," "previous"
  120. Duō, "to be many," and. shǎo, "to be few"
  121. Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation)
  122. Drills
  123. UNIT 2
  124. Reference List
  125. Vocabulary
  126. Reference Notes
  127. The marker a and its variant ya
  128. The locational endings -shang and -li
  129. More on the marker ba
  130. The aspect marker ne
  131. "Then": j iù, zài, cái Drills
  132. UNIT 3 Reference List
  133. Vocabulary
  134. Reference Notes
  135. The prepositional verb bǎ
  136. Adverbs expressing manner Drills
  137. UNIT U Reference List
  138. Vocabulary
  139. Reference Notes
  140. Choice questions with háishi
  141. More on topics and comments
  142. Compound verbs of result Drills
  143. UNIT 5 Reference List
  144. Vocabulary
  145. Reference Notes
  146. Distances
  147. Approximate numbers
  148. Ban, "one half" Drills
  149. UNIT 6 Reference List ................. .....
  150. Vocabulary
  151. Reference Notes
  152. More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)
  153. Compound verbs of direction
  154. More on new-situation le Drills
  155. UNIT 7 Reference List
  156. Vocabulary
  157. Reference Notes
  158. More on compound verbs of result
  159. "If"
  160. Vocabulary Booster (Animals)
  161. Drills
  162. UNIT 8 Reference List
  163. Vocabulary
  164. Reference Notes .
  165. "Why" and "because"
  166. Time NOT spent
  167. "All," "not all," "all...not"
  168. "Again": you, zài Drills
  169. MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING
  170. Objectives
  171. Target Lists
  172. UNIT 1 Reference List
  173. Vocabulary
  174. Reference Notes
  175. Making an appointment
  176. Gēn for "and" and gēn for "with"
  177. Three words for "time"
  178. The prepositional verb duì, "to," "towards," "facing"
  179. Comparisons: "more than"
  180. More on compound verbs of result Drills..........................155
  181. UNIT 2
  182. Reference List
  183. Vocabulary
  184. Reference Notes
  185. Making phone calls
  186. The aspect marker zài for ongoing action "Whatever," "whenever,"
  187. "whoever," "wherever"
  188. Verbs and general objects
  189. Vocabulary Booster (Occupations)
  190. Drills
  191. UNIT 3
  192. Reference List
  193. Vocabulary
  194. Reference Notes
  195. Extending an invitation
  196. "Not only...but also..."
  197. Comparisons: "equal to," "alike"
  198. "Anyone," "anything," "anyplace," "anytime"
  199. Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs "Furthermore"
  200. Drills
  201. UNIT 1
  202. Reference List
  203. Vocabulary
  204. Reference Notes
  205. Meeting people
  206. More on completion le
  207. The prepositional verb xiàng, "facing"
  208. Duō and shǎo as adverbs Vocabulary Booster (Opposites)
  209. Drills
  210. UNIT 5
  211. Reference List
  212. Vocabulary
  213. Reference Notes
  214. Taking and leaving messages
  215. Changing an appointment
  216. The prepositional verb bǎ
  217. Gang and gāngcái
  218. More on compound verbs of result
  219. Drills
  220. UNIT 6
  221. Reference List
  222. Vocabulary
  223. Reference Notes
  224. Invitation to lunch
  225. Comparisons: "less than" "even more"
  226. Comparison overview
  227. Sentence patterns: "although" and "both...and..."
  228. Drills..........................235
  229. UNIT T
  230. Reference List......................2U1
  231. Vocabulary........................2^3
  232. Reference Notes ...................... 2hU
  233. Arranging an introduction
  234. Using word order to express "the" and "a"
  235. Objects of reduplicated verbs
  236. Three-part motion verbs
  237. Verbs for "remember" and "forget"
  238. Drills
  239. UNIT 8
  240. Reference List....................  .
  241. Vocabulary
  242. Reference Notes
  243. Declining invitations
  244. The prepositional verb tì, "in place of"
  245. More on compound verbs of result
  246. Comparison: něng, kéyi, huì
  247. Drills..........................266
  248. MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING
  249. The Meeting Module (MTG) will provide you with the skills needed to
  250. arrange meetings or social gatherings, to greet people, to make
  251. introductions, and to accept or decline invitations in Chinese.
  252. Before starting this module, you must take and pass the TRN Criterion
  253. Test.
  254. The MTG Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, hut material
  255. from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, TRN, and associated resource modules is also
  256. included.
  257. OBJECTIVES
  258. Upon successful completion of this module, the student should he able to
  259. - 1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the MTG
  260. Target Lists.
  261. - 2. Say any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists when cued with
  262. its English equivalent.
  263. - 3. Make and respond to introductions with appropriate polite
  264. questions and answers.
  265. - U. Make phone calls and leave messages.
  266. - 5. Arrange a meeting (time and place) with someone hy talking with
  267. him or his secretary either in person or hy phone.
  268. - 6. Request that the time of a meeting he changed.
  269. - 7. Invite a person to lunch, deciding on the time and the
  270. restaurant.
  271. - 8. Arrange a social gathering for a specific time of day, inviting
  272. guests to his home and encouraging them to accept the invitation.
  273. - 9. Greet guests upon their arrival at his home.
  274. - 10. Accept/decline a social/husiness invitation with the appropriate
  275. degree of politeness.
  276. - 1. Wei, nl shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?
  277. Shi. Nín shi něiwèi?
  278. W3 shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.
  279. Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jièn.
  280. - 2. W3 y8u diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan.
  281. - 3. Nín y3u gōngfu meiyou?
  282. U. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?
  283. - 5. Sāndiǎn bi liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr. Yīnwei w3 yìhuir chūqu,
  284. yěxǔ liangdian huíbulái.
  285. Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì děng nín.
  286. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  287. - 6. huídelǎi
  288. - 7. k3ng(r)
  289. - 8. loushàng
  290. - 9. shāngliang
  291. - 10. y3u kòng(r)
  292. Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?
  293. Yes. Who is this, please?
  294. I’m William Martin.
  295. Oh, Mr. Martin— I haven’t seen you for a long time.
  296. I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.
  297. Do you have any free time?
  298. What time would suit you?
  299. Three would be more convenient than two. Since I’m going out in a little
  300. while, I might not be able to get back by two.
  301. Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three
  302. o’clock.
  303. to be able to get back in time free time, spare time upstairs
  304. to discuss, to talk over to have free time
  305. - 1. Wei, Měidàsī.
  306. W3 shi Jiānádà Dàshiguānde Qiāozhì Dāfēi. W8 y8u yíjiàn shi xiāng gēn
  307. Wèng Kēzhang jiǎng-yijiǎng.
  308. - 2. WÉng Kēzhāng xiànzài zài kāi huì. Deng tā kāiwèn huì w8 gàosong
  309. tā gēi ni hui diànhuà.
  310. - 3. Hao, xièxie ni.
  311. Bú xiè.
  312. U. NÌ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wo méi shiJian gēn ni shuō huà.
  313. Mei guānxi.
  314. W8 gěi ni da diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tāntan.
  315. Nī míngtiān néng bu néng dào wo zhèr lái?
  316. Keyi. Míngtiān shēnme shíhou dōu kéyi.
  317. Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.
  318. I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like
  319. to discuss with Section Chief Wāng.
  320. Section Chief Wáng is at a meeting now. When she is finished with the
  321. meeting, I will tell her to return your call.
  322. Fine. Thank you.
  323. Don’t mention it.
  324. When you called here, I didn’t have time to speak with you.
  325. It doesn’t matter.
  326. The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.
  327. Can you come over here tomorrow?
  328. Yes. Any time tomorrow would be fine.
  329. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  330. - 6. guānxi
  331. - 7. Jiang huà
  332. - 8. lingshiguǎn
  333. - 9. shìqing (yíjiàn)
  334. - 10. sīzhang
  335. - 11. you guānxi relation, relationship, connection to speak, to talk;
  336. a speech consulate
  337. matter, business, affair department chief
  338. to relate to, to have a bearing on, to matter
  339. - 1. Wo xiǎng xiàge Xīngqīliù qīng nín dào women jiā lái chī ge
  340. biùnfàn.
  341. Nín hébì zhème kèqi?
  342. - 2. Wo you yige Měiguo péngyou zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo shū. Hen xiSng
  343. gěi nīmen liangwèi Jièshao Jièshao.
  344. Na tài hao leI
  345. - 3. Wo hen xīwang gěn ni péngyou tāntan.
  346. Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.
  347. Búdàn shuōde bù hao, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.
  348. - U. Nī shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hao.
  349. - 5. Wo méi qīng shénme rén; hen suíbiàn.
  350. Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.
  351. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  352. - 6. bù tong
  353. - 7. chá
  354. - 8. chī fan
  355. - 9. dànshi
  356. - 10. érqiě
  357. - 11. fan
  358. - 12. he
  359. - 13. Jiāo shū
  360. I would like to invite you to come to our house for a simple meal on
  361. Saturday of next week.
  362. Why is it necessary to be so polite?
  363. I have an American friend who teaches at Taiwan University. I would very
  364. much like to introduce the two of you.
  365. That's wonderful’
  366. I wish very much to talk with your friend.
  367. However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.
  368. Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I
  369. hear either.
  370. You speak as well as an American.
  371. I haven’t invited anyone special; it’s very informal.
  372. Well then, I'll thank you in advance.
  373. to be different
  374. tea
  375. to eat, to have a meal
  376. but
  377. furthermore, moreover (cooked) rice
  378. to drink
  379. to teach
  380. - 1. He Jiàoshòu, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qǐng jin.
  381. Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.
  382. - 2. Wo zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuī huà.
  383. Tèhié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.
  384. - 3. Zhèiwèi shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiao shū.
  385. Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.
  386. 1. Wo hái you hěn duō bù shōuxide dìfang yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào.
  387. Professor Hollins, welcome. Pie come in.
  388. Here is a small token of appreciation.
  389. I know you like landscape painting
  390. I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.
  391. This is Professor Hollins, who teaches at Taiwan University.
  392. Glad to meet you.
  393. There is still much I’m not famil with that I need to ask your advice
  394. about.
  395. 5. Xīwang yǐhòu y3u jīhui duō          I hope that in the future we will
  396. jiànmiàn.                            have an opportunity to meet mor
  397. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
  398. (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  399. ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  400. 6. fāngfǎ method, way, means
  401. 7. fázi method, way
  402. 8. huàr painting (Beijing pronunciation)
  403. 9. qǐng zuo please sit down
  404. 10. shèhuìxué sociology
  405. 11. túshūguǎn library
  406. 12. zuò to sit
  407. ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  408. - 1. Wài.
  409. Wei, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn SIzhang shuō huà.
  410. Nín shi nǎr a?
  411. Wǒ shi Fǎguo Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.
  412. - 2. Lin Sīzhǎng zhèihuǐr hú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?
  413. - 3. Wǒ bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr xiěxiàlái.
  414. - H. Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.
  415. - 5. Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole Jīntiān dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan.
  416. Yīnwei wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suóyi bù néng Jīntiān qù.
  417. Gài dào míngtiān xíng bu xíng?
  418. Hello.
  419. Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with
  420. Department Chief Lin.
  421. Who is this?
  422. I am the French Commercial/Economics Officer.
  423. Department Chief LÍn is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave
  424. a message?
  425. I’ll write down your phone number.
  426. I’m sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn’t in.
  427. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office today
  428. for a talk.
  429. Because I have an urgent business matter, I can’t go today.
  430. Would it be all right to change it Cthe appointment] to tomorrow?
  431. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  432. - 6. háishi
  433. - 7. wàiguo
  434. - 8. wàiguo rén
  435. - 9. wūzi (yìjiān)
  436. - 10. yāo
  437. still
  438. foreign, abroad
  439. foreigner (non-Chinese)
  440. room
  441. one (telephone pronunciation)
  442. - 1. Women dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo bu hǎo?
  443. Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài name hǎo.
  444. - 2. Suírǎn bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí zhèli Jin.
  445. Hǎi you yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jin.
  446. - 3. Tāmen nàlide cài fēichǎng hǎo. Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù
  447. chī.
  448. Nà bù hǎo yìsi!
  449. U. Dàhuǎde cài you hǎo you piǎnyi.
  450. Yě you hǎoxiē cài biéde dìfang chībuzhǎo.
  451. 5. Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.
  452. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  453. Let’s go to the East Gate Restaurant to eat lunch. Okay?
  454. The food at the East Gate isn't as good as the food at the Great China.
  455. Even though it CEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.
  456. There is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.
  457. The food there is extremely good. Today I am going to invite you to go
  458. there to eat.
  459. I can't let you do that!
  460. (That would be too embarrassing!)
  461. The food at the Great China is both good and cheap.
  462. They also have a good many dishes that you can't find (at) other places.
  463. Any place you suggest is sure to be good.
  464. ----- ----------- ------------------------------------
  465. 6. bù yídìng not necessarily; it's not definite
  466. 7. kànfa opinion, view
  467. 8. wǎnfàn supper, dinner
  468. 9. xiǎngfa idea, opinion
  469. 10. yìxiē some, several, a few
  470. 11. zǎofàn breakfast
  471. 12. zuòfa way of doing things, method,
  472. ----- ----------- ------------------------------------
  473. practice
  474. - 1. Wǒ you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.
  475. Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng; tāde míngzi wǒ
  476. wàngji le.
  477. - 2. Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi shàngge lǐbài pài dào women zhèli laide.
  478. Zenme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?
  479. - 3. Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède.
  480. 1+. Nǐ néng bu néng màshàng dào wo bàngōngshì lai?
  481. Mei wèntí. Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu jiù dào.
  482. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  483. - 5- jìde
  484. - 6. rènde
  485. - 7. renshi zì
  486. - 8. wàng
  487. - 9. wánquán
  488. - 10. xiǎngqilai
  489. - 11. zuǒyòu
  490. I have something I would like to ask you about.
  491. I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fang join you. I have forgotten
  492. his given name.
  493. That’s right. Fang Deming was sent over here last week.
  494. Why? Do you know him?
  495. I graduated from the University of California.
  496. Can you come to my office right away?
  497. No problem. I’ll be there in about half an hour.
  498. to remember
  499. to recognize, to know (alternate word for rènshi)
  500. to know how to read (literally, "to recognize characters")
  501. to forget (alternate word for wàngji, especially in the sense of
  502. forgetting to DO something)
  503. completely
  504. to think of, to remember
  505. approximately
  506. - 1. Wài, zhèi shi Llbīnsī.
  507. Wei, wǒ shi Laidēng Dàshīde mìshū.
  508. - 2. Dàshǐ jiēzháo nīmende qǐngtiě le.
  509. Hen kěxī yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lai.
  510. Qīng ni zhuǎngào Qiao Bùzhǎng.
  511. Hen bàoqiàn.
  512. - 3. Hen yíhàn, tā bù néng lai.
  513. Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.
  514. - 4. Xīwang yīhòu zài zhǎo jīhui jùyijù ba.
  515. - 5. Zhēn bù qiǎo, méi bànfa qù.
  516. - 6. Women you jige tǒngxué jìhua dào Chāngchéng qù wánr.
  517. Hello. This is the Protocol Department.
  518. Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.
  519. The ambassador received your invitation.
  520. Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on
  521. August 9.
  522. Please inform Minister Qiao.
  523. I’m very sorry.
  524. We very much regret that he cannot come.
  525. I will pass on the message for you.
  526. I hope that later we will find another opportunity to get together.
  527. I really couldn’t make that; I have no way of going.
  528. A few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall for an outing.
  529. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  530. - 7. dàjiā
  531. - 8. jiēdào
  532. - 9. tǒngshì
  533. - 10. yīnggāi
  534. everybody, everyone
  535. to receive (alternate form of jiēzháo)
  536. fellow worker, colleague
  537. should, ought to, must
  538. UNIT 1
  539. REFERENCE LIST
  540. (in Beijing)
  541. - 1. B: Wěi.
  542. - A: Wài, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?
  543. - B: Shi. Nín shi nǎiwèi?
  544. A: WS shi Wēilièn Mǎdlng.
  545. *B: Ou, Mǎdlng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiān. Nī hǎo a?
  546. - A: Hǎo. Nī hǎo a?
  547. - 2. A: W5 you diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiǎn tāntan.
  548. - 3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou.
  549. - B: You gōngfu.
  550. - H. A: Shēnme shíhou duì nín heshi?
  551. B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kěyi.
  552. 5. A: Jīntiān xiàwu liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma?
  553. B: Sāndiǎn bl liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr.
  554. 6. B: Yīnwei wō yìhuīr chūqu, yexǔ liǎngdiǎn huíbulǎi.
  555. A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo.
  556. Hello.
  557. Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?
  558. Yes. Who is this, please?
  559. I’m William Martin.
  560. Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you for quite a while. How are you?
  561. Fine. How are you?
  562. I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.
  563. I don’t know whether you have the time or not.
  564. I have the time.
  565. What time would suit you?
  566. Either today or tomorrow would be fine.
  567. Would two o’clock today be convenient?
  568. Three would be more convenient than two.
  569. Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back
  570. by two.
  571. Three is fine also.
  572. * The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape
  573. - 7. B: Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì deng nín.
  574. - A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn Jiàn.
  575. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  576. - 8. huídelǎi
  577. - 9. kòng(r)
  578. - 10. loushàng
  579. - 11. shāngliang
  580. - 12. yǎu k8ng(r)
  581. Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three
  582. o’clock.
  583. Fine. I’ll see you at three.
  584. to be able to get back in time
  585. free time, spare time
  586. upstairs
  587. to discuss, to talk over
  588. to have free time
  589. VOCABULARY
  590. --------------------- -----------------------------------
  591. bl compared with, than
  592. dāngmiàn in person, face to face
  593. duì to, towards; with regard to, with
  594. respect to
  595. gongfu free time, spare time
  596. héshì to be suitable, to be appropriate
  597. to fit
  598. huíbulái to be unable to get back
  599. huídelái to be able to get back in time
  600. huìkèshì (huìkèshì) reception room
  601. kēzhang section chief
  602. kōng(r) free time, spare time
  603. loushàng upstairs
  604. lōuxià downstairs
  605. name well, then, in that case
  606. shāngliang to discuss, to talk over
  607. tan to chat, to talk about
  608. wéi hello (telephone greeting)
  609. yěxǔ perhaps, maybe
  610. yìhuìr a moment
  611. you gōngfu to have free time
  612. you kōng(r) to have free time
  613. --------------------- -----------------------------------
  614. (introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)
  615. chūkou gōngsī
  616. export company
  617. huì kè
  618. to receive guests
  619. xiē
  620. several, some
  621. ySu yòng
  622. to be useful
  623. REFERENCE NOTES
  624. ---- ---- ----------------------------- -----------------------------------
  625. 1. B: Wei. Hello.
  626. A: Wài, ní shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma? Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?
  627. B: Shi. Nín shi něiwèi? Yes. Who is this, please?
  628. A: Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng. I’m William Martin.
  629. B: Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you
  630. jiǔ bǔ jiàn. Nī hǎo a? for quite a while. How are you?
  631. A: Hǎo. Nī hǎo a? Fine. How are you?
  632. ---- ---- ----------------------------- -----------------------------------
  633. Notes on No. 1
  634. Wei is a greeting used, in telephone conversations for "hello." Some
  635. speakers pronounce this greeting as wài. Unlike most Chinese words, wèi
  636. has no fixed tone. The intonation varies according to the speaker’s
  637. mood.
  638. Kēzhǎng: Ke means section, and Here are some examples of how -zhang, kē
  639. kēzhǎng chǔ chǔzhǎng xuéxiào xiàozhǎng
  640. zhǎng means head of an organization.
  641. "chief," "head," is used:
  642. section section chief
  643. division division chief
  644. school principal, headmaster
  645. Nín shi něiwèi? Note the use of the polite terms nín and něiwèi. In the
  646. English translation, politeness is expressed by the use of the more
  647. indirect "Who is this" instead of "Who are you" and also by "please."
  648. Hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn, "I haven’t seen you for quite a while," is changeable
  649. with hǎo jiǔ měi jiàn.
  650. inter-
  651. 2. A: Wǒ you dianr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan.
  652. I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.
  653. Notes on No. 2
  654. Gēn: In No. 2 the word gēn is a prepositional verb translated as "with."
  655. The preposition gēn, "with," differs from the conjunction gēn, "and," in
  656. two important ways: a) where stress may be placed b) where the negative
  657. may be placed.
  658. - (a) When gēn is used as the conjunction "and," both items being
  659. joined are stressed and keep their tones. When gēn is used as the
  660. prepositional verb "with," a pronoun which follows is unstressed and
  661. loses its tone. Notice the contrasting tones on tā in the following
  662. sentences:
  663. Wǒ gēn tā dōu lai le. Both he and I came.
  664. Wǒ gēn ta lai.              I’ll come with him.
  665. - (b) To make negative a sentence containing the conjunction gēn,
  666. "and," the negative is placed with the main verb. In sentences
  667. containing the prepositional verb gēn, "with," the negative precedes
  668. the prepositional verb. (You have seen this pattern with other
  669. prepositional verbs, for example, zài Csee BIO, Unit 2, notes on
  670. Nos. 8-113.) Notice the contrasting positions of the negatives in
  671. the examples below:
  672. Wǒ gēn tā dōu měiyou qù. Neither he nor I went.
  673. Wǒ měiyou gēn ta qù. I didn’t go with him.
  674. Dāngmiàn means "face-to-face." of," and miàn means "face."
  675. Literally, dāng means "in the presence
  676. - 3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu I don’t know whether you have the
  677. meiyou.                         time or not.
  678. B: You gōngfu.                      I have the time.
  679. Note on No. 3
  680. Gōngfu, "time," "free time," "leisure time," refers to a period of time
  681. during which a person is free, in the sense that his work may be
  682. interrupted.
  683. Now you know three words for "time": shíhou, shíjiān, gōngfu Shíhou may
  684. be used for either a point in time or Nī shénme shíhou zǒu?
  685. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duō-shao shíhou?
  686. Shíjiān refers to any amount of time, free.
  687. Cong zhèr dào fēijīchāng yào duōshao shíjiān?
  688. Jīntiān měiyou shíjiān qù.
  689. an amount of time.
  690. When are you leaving?
  691. How long does it take to go by train?
  692. including the time when a person is
  693. How long does it take from here to the airport?
  694. There isn’t time to go today.
  695. Gōngfu, however, is used only for amounts of time which a person has
  696. available for his own use.
  697. Nī you méiyou gōngfu gēn
  698. wo tantan?
  699. Are you free to talk with me?
  700. 4. A: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?
  701. B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi.
  702. What time would suit you?
  703. Either today or tomorrow would be fine.
  704. Notes on No, 4
  705. Duì, "to," "towards," "with regard to," "with respect to," is a
  706. prepositional verb which originally meant "facing." In modern Chinese,
  707. its object introduces either the target of the action or the thing
  708. concerned. Contrast this with gěi, "for": the object introduced by gěi
  709. receives the benefit of the action. These generalizations may help you
  710. sort out some of the differences between duì and gěi. You might find it
  711. helpful to memorize some examples, as well.
  712. duì INTRODUCING THE TARGET OF THE ACTION ("to")
  713. Nīde huà shi duì shéi shuōde? To whom were you speaking?
  714. Tā duì wo hen kèqi.               He is very polite to me.
  715. Nī duì wo tài hǎo.                You are too good to me.
  716. duì INTRODUCING THE THING CONCERNED ("with regard to," "with respect
  717. to")
  718. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?     What time suits you?
  719. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? What time is convenient for you?
  720. Notice that the English is "for you" in the last example, but in Chinese
  721. you must say "What time is convenient with regard to you?"
  722. gěi INTRODUCING THE BENEFICIARY
  723. Wǒ gěi ta xiěle xìn le.          I wrote him a letter.
  724. Zhè shi yìzhāng shíkuàide,       Here's a ten-dollar bill. Please
  725. qīng ni gěi wo huànhuan.         change it for me.
  726. Qīng ni gěi wo xiě nīde dìzhī. Would you write down your address for me,
  727. please?
  728. Héshì is an adjectival verb meaning "to fit," "to suit," "to be
  729. suitable/appropriate." When trying on clothes in a store, you might say
  730. Zhèige bù héshì, "This doesn't fit." In another situation, héshì could
  731. be translated very freely as "best": Něitiān duì nín héshì? "What day
  732. would be best for you?"
  733. 5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma?
  734. B: Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fáng-bian yìdiǎnr.
  735. Would two o’clock today be convenient?
  736. Three would be more convenient than two.
  737. Note on No. 5
  738. Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr: Bǐ is a prepositional verb used
  739. to make comparisons between two things which are different.¹ In
  740. translating, you may find it helpful to think of bǐ as the English
  741. "compared with" or "than."² Notice that the bǐ phrase precedes the
  742. adjectival verb or another predicate in a sentence.
  743. ------------ -------------------- ----------- -------------------
  744. Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr.
  745. (3 o’clock than compared with 2 o’clock more convenient)
  746. ------------ -------------------- ----------- -------------------
  747. "Three is more convenient than two."
  748. ----- -------------------- ---- ------ ------------
  749. Tā bǐ wo you gōngfu.
  750. (he than compared with I have free time)
  751. ----- -------------------- ---- ------ ------------
  752. "He has more free time than I do."
  753. The two elements being compared may be nouns, pronouns, verb phrases, or
  754. even full sentences. Actually, all elements Joined by bǐ act as nouns,
  755. as seen in the English translations of the examples below.
  756. ------------- -------------------- ------------ -------
  757. Zuò fēijī bǐ zuò huochē kuài.
  758. (ride plane than compared with ride train fast)
  759. ------------- -------------------- ------------ -------
  760. "Going by plane is faster than going by train."
  761. ----------- -------------------- ------- -------------
  762. Nǐ lai bi wǒ qù fāngbian.
  763. (you come than compared with I go convenient)
  764. ----------- -------------------- ------- -------------
  765. "It’s more convenient for you to come than for me to go."
  766. 6. B: Yinwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxù Since I’m going out in a little
  767. liǎngdiǎn huíbulái.            while, I might not (he able to)
  768. get back by two.
  769. A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo.          Three is fine also.
  770. Notes on No. 6
  771. Yìhuǐr, "a little while": When r_ is added to a syllable ending in i_,
  772. the pronunciation changes to /er/. Yìhuǐr is actually pronounced yìhuěr.
  773. Sentence placement of time phrases: Wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu is translated as
  774. "I’m going out IN a little while."Contrast this with wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr,
  775. "I’m going out FOR a little while." Let’s review the placement of
  776. different kinds of time expressions in a Chinese sentence.
  777. If you want to say when something happens ("yesterday") or in how long
  778. something happens ("in two years"), you are using time phrases which in
  779. Chinese are considered to be POINTS IN TIME. Not only is a time phrase
  780. such as "two o’clock" a point in time, but a phrase such as "five days"
  781. can also be a point in time if the focus is on the end of this period of
  782. time. In English, this focus is expressed by "in five days," "by the end
  783. of five days," or "at the end of five days." In Chinese, you do not need
  784. to use words such as "in," "at," or "by" because the position of the
  785. time phrase in the sentence indicates the meaning. Time phrases which
  786. are considered points in time are placed BEFORE THE VERB.
  787. WHEN (a point in time)
  788. Wǒ zuōtiān kànjian ta le.      I saw him yesterday.
  789. Wǒ cóngqián láiguo zhèli.      I have been here before.
  790. Wǒ liǎngdiǎn zhōng huílai.     I’ll be back at two o’clock.
  791. Wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng huíbulái.      I can’t make it back by one o’clock.
  792. AT THE END OF/BY THE END OF (a period of time which is treated as a
  793. point in time because the focus is on the end point)
  794. Wǒ sāntiān Jiu zuòwán le. I finished doing it in (by the end of) three
  795. days.
  796. Wǒ wǔfēn zhōng Jiu zou.        I’m leaving in fat the end of) five
  797. minutes.
  798. Ni jítiān huilai?              In (at the end of) how many days will
  799. you come back?
  800. Ni duōJ iǔ kéyi xiěwán?         How long will it be before you can
  801. finish writing it? (by the end of how long)
  802. On the other hand, phrases which express CONTINUATION OF TIME have a
  803. different place in sentences. To express an amount of time which passes,
  804. put the time expression AFTER THE VERB.
  805. DURATION (the length of time something continues)
  806. Wǒ xiǎng gēn tā tán yìhuìr. I would like to talk with him for awhile.
  807. Tā zài Xiānggǎng zhùle yíge She stayed in Hong Kong for one week.
  808. xīngqī.
  809. TIME SINCE (the length of time which has passed since something
  810. happened)
  811. Tā sìle sānnián le.            He died three years ago.
  812. Wǒ zudwánle yíge zhòngtou le. It has been an hour since I finished.
  813. Because yìhuir follows the verb in wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr, it indicates the
  814. length of time which will pass after I go out (chūqu). Yìhuìr precedes
  815. the verb in wǒ yìhuìr chūqu, indicating when I will go out (”in a little
  816. while").
  817. Yěxǔ literally means "perhaps." The word is often used where "may" or
  818. "might" tfould be appropriate in English.
  819. Yěxǔ liǎngdiān huíbulái, "I might not (be able to) get back by two":
  820. Notice that this expression liǎngdiān, in time-when position, before the
  821. verb, means "by" a certain time. Other time phrases in this position may
  822. also mean "by" a certain time.
  823. Huíbulái is another form of huílái, "to come back." Compound verbs of
  824. result may be split by the negative bu or the syllable de. Huílái may
  825. become either huídelái, "can come back"/³" or huíbulái, "can’t come
  826. back." These two forms are called the potential forms of the verb; that
  827. is, the meaning "can/be able to" or "cannot/unable to" becomes part of
  828. the meaning of the compound. The following are examples of compound
  829. verbs of result and their potential forms.
  830. ----------- -----------------------------
  831. huílái to come back
  832. huídelái able to come back
  833. huíbulái not able to come back
  834. kànjian to see
  835. kàndejiàn able to see
  836. kànbujiàn not able to see
  837. láidejí able to make it on time
  838. láibují³ not able to make it on time
  839. ----------- -----------------------------
  840. zuòwán zuòdewán
  841. zuòbuwan
  842. to finish doing
  843. able to finished doing, able to be completed
  844. not able to finish doing, not able to be completed
  845. Compound verbs of direction may also occur in the potential form:
  846. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  847. | nábushànglái | can’t carry up Lto where you are] |
  848. | | (i.e., because something is too |
  849. | | heavy or bulky) |
  850. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  851. | kāideshǎngqu | can drive up Caway from you! |
  852. | | |
  853. | | (i.e., it is not too steep) |
  854. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  855. | kāidechūlāi | can drive out |
  856. | | |
  857. | | (i.e., the parking place is not |
  858. | | too tight) |
  859. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  860. | nǎbuxiàlāi | can’t get CitJ down |
  861. | | |
  862. | | (i.e., because it is too high, |
  863. | | bolted on, etc.) |
  864. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  865. | zǒudexiàqu | can walk down |
  866. | | |
  867. | | (i.e., because it is not too far |
  868. | | or too steep) |
  869. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  870. Notice that the last syllables of these compound verbs (except for
  871. toneless QU) HAVE FULL TONES WHEN THEY OCCUR WITH -DE- AND -BU-.
  872. J. B: Name, wo sāndiǎn zhōng zài Well then, I’ll wait for you in the
  873. lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín. reception room downstairs at three o’clock.
  874. A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn.              Fine. I’ll see you at three.
  875. Notes on No. 7
  876. Word order: The first sentence of exchange 7 illustrates the rule
  877. TIME—PLACE—ACTION.
  878. Huìkèshì is also pronounced huìkèshì.
  879. ----- ------------- --------------------------------
  880. 8. huídelái to be able to get back in time
  881. 9- kòng(r) free time, spare time
  882. 10. loushàng upstairs
  883. 11. shāngliang to discuss, to talk over
  884. 12. you kòng(r) to have free time
  885. ----- ------------- --------------------------------
  886. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
  887. Here are some sentences illustrating the use of these vocabulary items:
  888. Ni sāndiǎn zhōng huídelái Can you make it back by three o’clock?
  889. huíbulái?
  890. Loushàng hái ySu rén?          Are there still people upstairs?
  891. Wǒ xiǎng he nǐ shāngliang I would like to talk over a matter yíjiàn shi.
  892.                     with you.
  893. Nǐ Jīntiān xiàwǔ you kòngr Do you have time this afternoon? ma?
  894. DRILLS
  895. A. Substitution Drill
  896. - 1. Speaker: Wǒ you dian shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tantan.
  897. (cue) Zhang Kēzhang (I have something I
  898. would like to talk with you about in person.)
  899. - 2. WǑ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.
  900. - 3. Wo you diǎn shi xiang gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan.
  901. Wèi Wuguān
  902. U. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Wèi Wuguān dāngmiàn tántan.
  903. Wáng Shàoxiào
  904. - 5. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.
  905. LÍn Xiānsheng
  906. - 6. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Lin Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan. Lift
  907. Kēzhǎng
  908. - 7. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.
  909. You: Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.
  910. (I have something I would like to talk with Section Chief Zhāng about in
  911. person.)
  912. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan.
  913. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wèi Wuguān tántan.
  914. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.
  915. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn LÍn Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan.
  916. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.
  917. - B. Transformation Drill
  918. 1. Speaker: Nín míngtiān lái ma? (Are you coming tomorrow?)
  919. OR Tā zǒu le ma?
  920. (Has he gone?)
  921. You: Bù zhīdào nín míngtiān lái bu lái.
  922. (I don’t know whether you are coming tomorrow or not.)
  923. Bù zhīdào tā zǒu le meiyou.
  924. (I don’t know whether he has gone or not.)
  925. ---- ---------------------- -----------------------------------
  926. 2. Nín you gōngfu ma? Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou.
  927. 3. Tā zuotiān qù le ma? Bù zhīdào tā zuotiān qù le meiyou
  928. U. Tā you qiān ma? Bù zhīdào tā you qiān meiyou.
  929. 5. Tā hāi yào ma? Bù zhīdào tā hāi yào bu yào.
  930. 6. Tā mǎi le ma? Bù zhīdào tā mǎi le meiyou.
  931. ---- ---------------------- -----------------------------------
  932. - C. Transformation Drill
  933. - 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?
  934. (cue) sāndiǎn
  935. (What time would suit you?)
  936. - 2. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīèr
  937. - 3. Zài jīlóu duì nín héshì? wǔlōu
  938. U. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān
  939. - 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? zǎoshang
  940. - 6. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? wǎnshang
  941. - 7. Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì?
  942. shídiǎn
  943. You: Sāndiǎn duì nín héshì ma?
  944. (Would three o’clock suit you?)
  945. Xīngqīèr duì nín héshì ma?
  946. Zài wǔlou duì nín héshì ma?
  947. Míngtiān duì nín héshì ma?
  948. Zǎoshang duì nín héshì ma?
  949. Wǎnshang duì nín héshì ma?
  950. Shídiǎn duì nín héshì ma?
  951. - D. Response Drill
  952. - 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?
  953. (cue) jīntiān
  954. (What time would suit you?)
  955. - 2. Jīdiān duì nín héshì? sāndiān
  956. - 3. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīyī
  957. U. Jīhào duì nín héshì? sìhào
  958. - 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? shàngwǔ
  959. - 6. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān
  960. - 7. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīliù
  961. You; Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi (Either today or tomorrow would be
  962. fine.)
  963. Sāndiān, sìdiān dōu kéyi.
  964. Xīngqīyī, Xīngqīèr dōu kéyi.
  965. Sìhào, wǔhào dōu kéyi.
  966. Shàngwǔ, xiàwǔ dōu kéyi.
  967. Míngtiān, hòutiān dōu kéyi.
  968. Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān dōu kéyi.
  969. E. Transformation Drill
  970. - 1. Speaker: Shénme dìfang duì nín fāngbian?
  971. (cue) léushàng
  972. (What place would be convenient for you?)
  973. - 2. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? sāndiān
  974. - 3. Jīhào duì nín fāngbian? liùhào
  975. - U. Něitiān duì nín fāngbian? míngtiān
  976. - 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? shàngwǔ
  977. You: Loushàng duì nín fāngbian, háishi léuxià duì nín fāngbian?
  978. (Would upstairs or downstairs be more convenient for you?)
  979. Sāndiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi sìdiān duì nín fāngbian?
  980. Liùhào duì nín fāngbian, háishi qíhào duì nín fāngbian?
  981. Míngtiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi hòutiān duì nín fāngbian?
  982. Shàngwǔ duì nín fāngbian, háishi xiàwǔ duì nín fāngbian?
  983. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  984. | 6. Xīngqījī duì nín fangbian? | Xingqīsān duì nín fāngbian, |
  985. | | hǎishi Xīngqīsì duì nín fāngbian? |
  986. | Xīngqīsān | |
  987. | | Jiùdiǎn duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi |
  988. | 7. Jīdiǎn duì nín fāngbian? | shídiǎn duì nín fāngbian? |
  989. | | |
  990. | Jiùdiǎn | You:' Sāndiǎn bī sìdiǎn fāngbian |
  991. | | yìdiǎn. |
  992. | F. Expansion Drill | |
  993. | | (Three o’clock is a little more |
  994. | - 1. Speaker: Sāndiǎn fāngbian | convenient than four o’clock.) |
  995. | yìdiǎn. (cue) sìdiǎn | |
  996. | | Sānhào bī wuhào fāngbian yìdiǎn. |
  997. | (Three o’clock is a little more | |
  998. | convenient.) | Lōushàng bī lōuxià fāngbian |
  999. | | yìdiǎn. |
  1000. | - 2. Sānhào fāngbian yìdiǎn. | |
  1001. | | Tāde qiǎn bī wǒde duo yìdiǎn. |
  1002. | wuhào | |
  1003. | | Tā qù bī wo qù hǎo yìdiǎn. |
  1004. | - 3. Loushàng fāngbian yìdiǎn. | |
  1005. | | Tā bī wǒ dà yìdiǎn. |
  1006. | lǒuxià | |
  1007. | | Zhèige bī nèige dà yìdiǎn. |
  1008. | U. Tāde qiǎn duo yìdiǎn.    wǒde | |
  1009. | | You: Tā shuōde bī wǒ kuài yìdiǎn. |
  1010. | - 5. Tā qù hǎo yìdiǎn.    wǒ qù | |
  1011. | | (He speaks a little faster than I |
  1012. | - 6. Tā dà yìdiǎn. wǒ | do.) |
  1013. | | |
  1014. | - 7. Zhèige dà yìdiǎn.    nèige | Tā lǎide bī wǒ zǎo yìdiǎn. |
  1015. | | |
  1016. | G. Expansion Drill | Tā zoude bī wǒ wǎn yìdiǎn. |
  1017. | | |
  1018. | - 1. Speaker: Tā shuōde kuài | Tā zuòde bī wǒ hǎo yìdiǎn. |
  1019. | yìdiǎn. | |
  1020. | | Tā mǎide bī wǒ shǎo yìdiǎn. |
  1021. | (He speaks a little fast.) | |
  1022. | | |
  1023. | - 2. Tā lǎide zǎo yìdiǎn. | |
  1024. | | |
  1025. | - 3. Tā zoude wǎn yìdiǎn. | |
  1026. | | |
  1027. | k.  Tā zuōde hǎo yìdiǎn. | |
  1028. | | |
  1029. | 5.  Tā mǎide shǎo yìdiǎn. | |
  1030. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1031. - 6. Tā màide duō yìdiǎn.
  1032. Tā màide bi wǒ duō yìdiǎn.
  1033. - 7. Tā xuéde màn yìdiǎn.
  1034. Tā xuéde bi wǒ màn yìdiǎn.
  1035. - H. Response Drill
  1036. - 1. Speaker: Nǐ shénme shíhou chūqu? (What time are you going out?)
  1037. OR Nǐ chūqu duō jiu?
  1038. (For how long are you going out?)
  1039. - 2. Ni shénme shíhou chūlai?
  1040. - 3. Ni qù duō jiu?
  1041. U.  Tā shénme shíhou lai?
  1042. 5.  Tā kàn duó jiu?
  1043. 6.  Ni shénme shíhou zǒu?
  1044. You: Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūqu.
  1045. (I’m going out in Just a little while.)
  1046. Wǒ Jiù chūqu yìhuir.
  1047. (I’m Just going out for a little while.)
  1048. Wǒ yìhuir jiù chūlai.
  1049. Wo jiù qù yìhuir.
  1050. Tā yìhuir jiù lái.
  1051. Tā Jiù kǎn yìhuir.
  1052. Wǒ yìhuir Jiù zǒu.
  1053. I. Response Drill
  1054. - 1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiānsheng míngtiān huídelái huíbulái?
  1055. (Will Mr. Zhāng be able to come back tomorrow?)
  1056. - 2. Wang Nushì Xíngqīsì huídelái huíbulái?
  1057. - 3. Li Tōngzhì shíyīdiǎn huídelái huíbulái?
  1058. - 4. LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshihào huídelái huíbulái?
  1059. - 5. Wèi Shàoxiào zhèige yuè huídelái huíbulái?
  1060. You: Zhāng Xiānsheng hòutiān cái huílai.
  1061. (Mr. Zhāng won’t be able to come back until day after tomorrow.)
  1062. Wáng Nushì XÍngqīwǔ cái huílai.
  1063. Li Tōngzhì shíèrdiǎn cái huílai.
  1064. LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshiyīhào cái huílai
  1065. Wèi Shàoxiào xiàge yuè cái huílai
  1066. - 6. Yáng Xiānsheng zaoshang huídelái Yang Xiānsheng wǎnshang cái
  1067. huílái. huíbulái?
  1068. - 7. Zhào Tǒngzhì jīntiān huídelái Zhao Tǒngzhì míngtiān cái huílái.
  1069. huíbulái?
  1070. - J. Expansion Drill
  1071. - 1. Speaker: Name, wǒ zài zhèr děng nín.
  1072. (cue) in a moment
  1073. (in that case, I’ll wait for you here.)
  1074. - 2. Name, wǒ zài lǒuxià deng ta. for a moment
  1075. - 3. Name, wǒ zài lǒushàng děng ta. at one o’clock
  1076. U. Name, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín. for ten minutes
  1077. - 5. Nàme, wǒ zài tā jiā děng nín. in a moment
  1078. - 6. Nàme, wǒ zài xiāomàibù děng nín. for five minutes
  1079. - 7. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta. for a moment
  1080. You: Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài zhèr děng nín.
  1081. (In that case, in a moment I’11 wait for you here.)
  1082. Nàme, wǒ zài lǒuxià děng ta yìhuīr.
  1083. Nàme, wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng zài lǒushàng děng ta.
  1084. Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín shífēn zhōng.
  1085. Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài tā jiā děng nín
  1086. Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎcmàibù děng nín wǔfēn zhōng.
  1087. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta yìhuīr.
  1088. UNIT 2
  1089. REFERENCE LIST
  1090. (in Beijing)
  1091. - 1. C: Wei, Meidàsī.
  1092. - A: Wo shi Jiānǎdà Dàshiguǎnde Qiǎozhì Dǎfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiǎng
  1093. gēn Wǎng Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiang.
  1094. - 2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì.
  1095. - C: Deng tā kāiwān huì wǒ gàosong tā gēi ni hui diànhuà.
  1096. - 3. A: Hǎo, xièxie ni.
  1097. - C: Bú xiè.
  1098. U. B: Duìbuqī, Jīntiān zǎoshang ni dǎ diànhuà laide shíhou wǒ zài kāi
  1099. huì, mēi shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.
  1100. A: Mēi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào ni hen mǎng.
  1101. - 5. A: Wǒ gēi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan.
  1102. - B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?
  1103. - 6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?
  1104. - B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.
  1105. - 7. A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne?
  1106. - B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qīng ni dào wǒ zhèr lǎi, xíng bu xíng?
  1107. A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng Jiàn.
  1108. Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.
  1109. I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like
  1110. to discuss with Section Chief Wǎng.
  1111. Oh, she is at a meeting now.
  1112. When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your
  1113. call.
  1114. Fine. Thank you.
  1115. Don’t mention it.
  1116. I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and
  1117. didn’t have time to speak with you.
  1118. It doesn’t matter. I know you are very busy.
  1119. The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.
  1120. All right. When?
  1121. Would tomorrow be all right for you?
  1122. Any time tomorrow afternoon would be fine.
  1123. Where shall we meet?
  1124. Please come over here at two o’clock. All right?
  1125. Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.
  1126. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  1127. ----- ------------------ ------------------------------------
  1128. 8. guānxi relation, relationship, connection
  1129. 9. Jiang huà to speak, to talk; a speech
  1130. 10. língshiguan consulate
  1131. 11. shìqing (yíjiàn) matter, business, affair
  1132. 12. sizhang department chief
  1133. 13. you guānxi to relate to, to have a bearing on
  1134. ----- ------------------ ------------------------------------
  1135. to matter
  1136. []
  1137. VOCABULARY
  1138. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1139. | bū xiè | don’t mention it |
  1140. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1141. | dàshi guan diànhuà | embassy |
  1142. | | |
  1143. | | telephone, phone call |
  1144. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1145. | guānxi | relation, relationship, |
  1146. | | connection |
  1147. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1148. | -jiàn | (counter for matters, business, |
  1149. | | affairs) |
  1150. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1151. | Jiang | to discuss (something), to talk |
  1152. | | about (something) |
  1153. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1154. | Jiang huà | to speak, to talk; a speech |
  1155. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1156. | kāi huì kāiwān huì | to attend a meeting to finish a |
  1157. | | meeting |
  1158. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1159. | līngshiguǎn | consulate |
  1160. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1161. | Měidàsī | Department of American and |
  1162. | | Oceanic Affairs |
  1163. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1164. | méi guānxi mùdi | it doesn’t matter |
  1165. | | |
  1166. | | reason, objective, purpose |
  1167. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1168. | shi (yíjiàn) shìqing (yíjiàn) | matter, business, affair matter, |
  1169. | shuō huà sīzhang | business, affair to speak |
  1170. | | |
  1171. | | department chief |
  1172. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1173. | you guānxi | to relate, to have a bearing on, |
  1174. | | to matter |
  1175. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1176. | zài | in the midst of (marker of |
  1177. | | ongoing action) |
  1178. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1179. (introduced, on C-2 and P-2 tapes)
  1180. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1181. | chī dàxuéshēng diànhuà hàomǎ dù | to eat |
  1182. | jià hòulái lāodòng Qíngbàosī | |
  1183. | | college student |
  1184. | | |
  1185. | | telephone number |
  1186. | | |
  1187. | | to spend one’s vacation |
  1188. | | |
  1189. | | later |
  1190. | | |
  1191. | | to do manual labor |
  1192. | | |
  1193. | | Intelligence Bureau (part of the |
  1194. | | |
  1195. | | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC |
  1196. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1197. | shēnghuó tóngyì | life |
  1198. | | |
  1199. | | to agree |
  1200. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1201. REFERENCE NOTES
  1202. - 1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī.
  1203. - A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshíguǎnde Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiang
  1204. gēn Wáng Kēzhǎng JiǎngyiJiǎng.
  1205. Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.
  1206. I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like
  1207. to discuss with Section Chief Wáng.
  1208. Notes on No. 1
  1209. Měidàsī: In Chinese, abbreviations are made up of one syllable from each
  1210. word in a term. In Měidàsī, měi stands for Měizhōu, ’’American
  1211. continent.” Dà stands for Dàyángzhōu, ’’Oceania” (the islands of the
  1212. South Central Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand). The ending
  1213. sī means ’’department." It is used only within organizations on the
  1214. national level.
  1215. Dàshiguǎn: The word guǎn means ' fànguǎn, an establishment where food
  1216. the use of guǎn.
  1217. dàshǐ dàshiguǎn līngshì língshiguan zhǎnlǎn zhǎnlǎnguǎn
  1218. Notice that the shi in dàshiguǎn and tones.
  1219. 'building” or ’’establishment," as in
  1220. is sold. The examples below illustrate
  1221. ambassador
  1222. embassy
  1223. consul consulate
  1224. exhibit exhibition hall
  1225. .e ^(s)hì in lǐngshiguǎn lose their
  1226. Yíjiàn shi: The counter -Jiàn in this expression is also the counter for
  1227. luggage. Yíjiàn shi literally means "a piece of business."
  1228. Jiang and Jiang huà: The English word "speak," meaning the activity in
  1229. general, must be translated into Chinese with a verb and its GENERAL
  1230. OBJECT: Jiǎng huà In other uses, the verb "to speak," Jiǎng, may be
  1231. followed by a specific object or a phrase showing duration, or it may be
  1232. changed into a multisyllabic verb, such as Jiǎngyijiǎng. Other verbs
  1233. which are used the same way are shuō huà, xiě zi, and niàn shū.
  1234. Tā zài Jiǎng Zhōngguode        He is talking about Chinese affairs,
  1235. shìqing.
  1236. Tā yījīng Jiǎngle bù shǎo. He has already said a lot.
  1237. Tāde Jiǎng huà hen you yìsi. His talk was very interesting.
  1238. Jiǎng is not used to say that someone said something. Instead, shuō is
  1239. used.
  1240. Tā shuō tā bù néng lái.        He said he could not come.
  1241. - 2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. Oh, she is at a meeting now.
  1242. C: Deng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong When she is finished with the meet-tā
  1243. gěi ni hui diànhuà.         ing, I will tell her to return
  1244. your call.
  1245. Notes on No. 2
  1246. To make ongoing-action sentences negative, use bù.
  1247. zài, use shi bu shi zài
  1248. zài...ma, or zài bu zai.
  1249. To form a question with
  1250. Zài is the aspect marker for ongoing actions. It indicates that the
  1251. action is in progress. The corresponding verb in the English translation
  1252. usually ends in -ing. Zài is used only with verbs which express actual
  1253. dynamic action. State and process verbs may not be used with zài. Many
  1254. action verbs may
  1255. be used with zài,
  1256. but some
  1257. do not have enough "action"
  1258. to be used (e.g.,
  1259. "sitting").
  1260. Tā láide
  1261. shíhou, nǐ zài
  1262. When
  1263. he came, you were studying.
  1264. niàn shu.
  1265. Tāmen zài
  1266. kàn diànyǐng.
  1267. They
  1268. are watching a movie.
  1269. Tāmen zài
  1270. hē kāfēi.
  1271. They
  1272. are drinking coffee.
  1273. Tāmen zài
  1274. shàng kè.
  1275. They
  1276. are having class.
  1277. Zài is placed in
  1278. front of the verb
  1279. , unlike other aspect markers, such as
  1280. le, guo, and de.
  1281. Xuésheng zài shàng kè ma?
  1282. Tāmen bú zài shàng kè, yǐjīng zǒu le.
  1283. Tā láide shíhou, nǐ shi bu shi zài niàn shū?
  1284. Bù, bú zài niàn shū, yǐjīng wánr qu le.
  1285. Tā zài bu zai kàn diànshì?
  1286. Are the students having class?
  1287. They are not having class. They have already left.
  1288. Weren’t you studying when he came over?
  1289. No, I wasn’t studying. I had already gone out to play.
  1290. Is he watching television?
  1291. The aspect marker zài and the aspect marker ne often occur in the same
  1292. sentence, indicating absence of change.
  1293. Tā zài kàn bào ne.              She is reading the paper.
  1294. Sometimes ne is used without zài.
  1295. Tā kàn bào ne.                  She is reading the paper.
  1296. Deng, literally "to wait": In the second sentence of No. 2, the verb
  1297. děng is used at the beginning of a phrase to mean "when." Deng may be
  1298. used with de shíhou, "when," in the same phrase. Often, the second part
  1299. of a sentence beginning with děng will contain an adverb meaning
  1300. "then"—Jiù, zài, or cái.
  1301. Děng nǐ kànwán bàozhǐ, women chūqu. mǎi cài.
  1302. Xue Yīngwén nan bu nan?
  1303. Děng nǐ xuéde shíhou jiù zhīdao le.
  1304. When you have finished the paper, we will go out to buy groceries.
  1305. Is it hard to learn English?
  1306. When you study it, then you’ll know.
  1307. Ni bu shi you yijiàn shi yao Don’t you have something you want gàosong
  1308. wǒ ma?                 to tell me?
  1309. Děng chīwán fan zài shuō. Wait until we finish eating; then we’ll talk
  1310. about it.
  1311. The translation of děng as ’’wait until," in the last example above,
  1312. might
  1313. suggest that the word is used only in used in past contexts:
  1314. Zuǒtiān tā měiyou he ni yìqǐ.qù kàn diànyīng ma?
  1315. Meiyou. Děng tā huílaide shíhou dōu shíyīdiān le.
  1316. Zuotiān tā bādiǎn zhōng cái hui jiā. Děng tā hui Jiā women cái zuò fan,
  1317. nǐ xiǎng jīdiǎn cái chī fan.’
  1318. future contexts. But děng is also
  1319. Didn’t he go out with you to a movie last night?
  1320. No. It was already eleven o’clock when he got home.
  1321. Yesterday he didn’t get home until eight o’clock. We didn’t fix dinner
  1322. until he got home; so imagine what time it was when we ate!
  1323. Kāi huì, "to meet," "to hold a meeting," is an example of a verb and its
  1324. general object.
  1325. Kāiwán, "finish holding Lthe meeting]": Wán is the verb "to finish." It
  1326. is used as an ending in a compound verb of result in No. 2.⁴ Wán
  1327. expresses the idea of "over," "up," as in "Class is over," "All the
  1328. paper has been used up."
  1329. But be careful: wán is not used as a main verb when an object follows
  1330. the verb. Instead of saying "finish this," using wán by itself, you
  1331. would say bā zhèige chǐwán, "finish eating this"; bǎ zhèige zuòwán,
  1332. "finish doing this"; or bǎ zhèige kànwán, "finish reading this."
  1333. Wan may sometimes be used as a main verb when there is no object, as in
  1334. Diànyǐng wán le, "The movie is finished." But far more often wán occurs
  1335. as an ending which indicates result.
  1336. Diànhuà (literally, "electric speech") may mean either "telephone" or
  1337. "telephone call."
  1338. Hui diànhuà, "to return a phone call," "to call back": You have learned
  1339. the verb hui, "to return," as in Nǐ shenme shíhou huíqu? "When are you
  1340. going back?" In No. 2, hui takes a direct object, diànhuà. Compare hui
  1341. diànhuà with da diànhuà, "to make a phone call," which is found in
  1342. exchange U.
  1343. Gěi ni huí diànhuà, "call you 'back": You have learned the prepositional
  1344. verb gěi, meaning "for Cthe benefit of]." In gěi ni huí diànhuà, gěi is
  1345. translated as "to." Because there are two meanings for gěi, occasionally
  1346. a sentence may be ambiguous. For example, Wǒ gěi ta jìqule liǎngbāo
  1347. cháyè means either "I sent two packages of tea to him" or "I mailed out
  1348. two packages of tea for him."
  1349. Duì is also translated as "to." Duì introduces the target; gěi
  1350. introduces the receiver. In other words, duì expresses the intended
  1351. direction but does not necessarily imply that the target is reached. Gěi
  1352. usually implies receiving, as you might expect, since it means "give" as
  1353. a full verb.
  1354. You use gěi to indicate the receiver when you say
  1355. gěi ta da diànhuà
  1356. gěi ta xiě yìfēng xìn
  1357. gěi ta mǎile yige fángzi
  1358. telephone her write her a letter bought her a house
  1359. But, to indicate the target, you say
  1360. duì ta hao duì ta kěqi duì ta shēngqì
  1361. be nice to her be polite to him get angry at her
  1362. Notice that duì is used especially to indicate the target of feelings
  1363. and attitudes, while gěi is used with actions such as calling, mailing,
  1364. and sending.
  1365. Fine. Thank you.
  1366. Don’t mention it.
  1367. - 3. A: Hao, xièxie ni. C: Bú xiè.
  1368. Note on No. 3
  1369. Bú xiě is an idiom meaning something like "don’t thank Cmel."
  1370. (Literally, "Don’t thank me" would be Bié xiě wǒ.)
  1371. H. B: Duìbuqǐ, jīntiān zǎoshang nǐ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou w3 zài kāi
  1372. huì, mei shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.
  1373. A: Mēi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nǐ hen máng.
  1374. I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and
  1375. didn’t have time to speak with you.
  1376. It doesn’t matter. I know you are very "busy.
  1377. Notes on No. U
  1378. Dǎ diànhuà means "to make a phone call. ’’ (Literally, dǎ means "to
  1379. hit.")
  1380. Wǒ zuotiān wǎnshang gēi Mǎ I called Mrs. Mǎ last night.
  1381. Tàitai dǎle yige diànhuà.
  1382. Wǒ dǎ liǎngge diànhuà jiù I'll be right there after I make lai.
  1383.                            a couple of phone calls.
  1384. Shuō huà, "to speak," is a verb with a general object—literally, "speak
  1385. words." Verb + general object is often translated into English by a verb
  1386. alone: niàn shū, "to study"; kāi chē, "to drive."
  1387. Mei guānxi: Other translations for this very useful expression are
  1388. "that’s okay," "don't worry about it," "it doesn’t make any difference."
  1389. Literally, mēi guānxi would be translated as "there isn't any
  1390. connection."
  1391. 5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.
  1392. B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?
  1393. The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.
  1394. All right. When?
  1395. Note on No. 5
  1396. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi...: In English, the word "reason," or
  1397. "purpose," begins the phrase, with the modifying clause following. In
  1398. Chinese, everything modifying "the purpose" precedes mùdi.
  1399. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuà -de mùdi shi ....
  1400. (The reason why I called you is . . . .)
  1401. Mùdi, "purpose," "aim," "objective": Although translated idiomatically
  1402. as "reason" in exchange 5, mùdi does not really mean "reason"/"cause."
  1403. The English terms should be translated as yuányǐn: wǒ láiwǎnde yuányǐn,
  1404. "the reason I came late"
  1405. 6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?
  1406. B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.
  1407. Would tomorrow be all right for you? Any time tomorrow afternoon would
  1408. be fine.
  1409. Note on No. 6
  1410. Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi, ’’anytime is okay’’ (more literally, "whatCeverl
  1411. time, all is okay”), illustrates a pattern for expressing the idea of
  1412. "any" in Chinese: a question word, such as shéi, shénme, nār, and
  1413. něitiān, followed by dōu, "all."
  1414. Shéi dōu néng qù.               Anyone can go.
  1415. Nǎr dōu kéyi.                   Anyplace will do.
  1416. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1417. | Shénme dōu kéyi. | Anything will do. Any day is |
  1418. | | good. |
  1419. | Něitiān dōu hāo. | |
  1420. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1421. | Zěnme zuò dōu hāo. | Any way (you) do it is fine. |
  1422. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1423. The ideas of "nobody," "nowhere," "nothing," and "none" are expressed by
  1424. adding bù or méi after dōu in the pattern above.
  1425. Shéi dōu bú yào zōu.           Nobody wants to leave.
  1426. Nār dōu bu duì.                 No place is right.
  1427. Zěnme dōu bù xíng.             No way will do.
  1428. Shénme dōu méiyou.             There is nothing.
  1429. The "any/no" expression need not be the subject of a sentence; it may
  1430. also be the object. Even if the expression is the direct object, it must
  1431. precede the verb.
  1432. Tā shéi dōu xīhuan.            He likes anyone/everyone.
  1433. Wǒ nār dōu bu qù.               I won’t go anywhere.
  1434. Nèige shāngdiàn shénme dōu That store sells everything, mài.
  1435. Tā něige dōu bù xìhuan.        He doesn’t like either/any of them.
  1436. (As objects, many of these expressions must be translated as
  1437. "every....")
  1438. An "any/no" expression may also be the object of a prepositional verb.
  1439. Wǒ gēn shéi dōu méi shuō huà. I didn’t speak with anyone.
  1440. 7. A: Zài nǎr Jiàn ne?
  1441. B: Liangdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào wǒ zhèr lái, xíng bu xíng?
  1442. A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng jiàn.
  1443. Where shall we meet?
  1444. Please come over here at two o’clock.
  1445. All right?
  1446. Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.
  1447. Notes on No. 7
  1448. Dào wǒ zhèr lái means, literally, "come over to the place where I am."
  1449. While plurals such as women zhèr and nlmen nàr often refer to
  1450. institutions, the singular wǒ zhèr, nǐ nàr, and tā nàr usually refer to
  1451. any place where a person might be. In an office shared by two people,
  1452. for instance, you could say Wǒ zhèr meiyou Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn; nín nàr you
  1453. méiyou? "I don’t have an English-Chinese dictionary over here; do you
  1454. have one over there?"
  1455. Dào, like zài, is a verb which requires a place word as its object.
  1456. Sentences like "Come over here to me" and "Go over there to Mr. Wáng"
  1457. must be translated as Dào wǒ zhèr lái and Dào Wáng Xiānsheng nar qù.
  1458. Zhèr and nàr make wǒ and Wáng Xiānsheng parts of place-word phrases.
  1459. ----- ------------------ -------------------------------------
  1460. 8. guānxi relation, relationship, connection
  1461. 9- Jiǎng huà to speak, to talk; a speech
  1462. 10. lìngshiguǎn consulate
  1463. 11. shìqing (yíjiàn) matter, business, affair
  1464. 12. sīzhǎng department chief
  1465. 13. you guānxi to relate to, to have a bearing on,
  1466. ----- ------------------ -------------------------------------
  1467. to matter
  1468. Note on Additional Required Vocabulary
  1469. You guānxi: To talk about the relationship of two things, use
  1470. ...gēn...you guānxi or ...he...you guānxi.
  1471. Lǐngshiguǎn he dàshiguǎn What is the relationship between you
  1472. shénmeyàngde guānxi? the consulate and the embassy?
  1473. VOCABULARY BOOSTER
  1474. Occupations
  1475. accountant
  1476. actor, actress architect athlete
  1477. author, writer
  1478. barher blue-collar worker builder businessman
  1479. carpenter
  1480. chemical engineer civil engineer civil servant composer cook customs
  1481. official
  1482. diplomat doctor
  1483. (newspaper) editor electrical engineer electrician employee, clerk,
  1484. attendant
  1485. farmer, peasant fisherman
  1486. gardener governess government minister
  1487. housewife
  1488. lawyer
  1489. manager mayor mechanic mechanical engineer movie star musician
  1490. kuàijìshī yǎnyuán jiànzhùshī yùndòngyuán zuōj iā
  1491. līfàshī, lǐfàde gōngrén
  1492. yíngzàoshāng shāngrén
  1493. mùjiang, mùgōng huàxué gōngchéngshī tǔmù gōngchéngshī gōngwùyuán zuòqǔj
  1494. chúshī hǎiguān guānyuán
  1495. wàij iāoguān dàifu, yīshēng
  1496. biānji
  1497. diànjǐ gōngchéngshī diàngōng fúwùyuán
  1498. nongmín yumín
  1499. yuándīng, huājiàng bǎomǔ
  1500. bùzhǎng
  1501. Jiātíng zhǔfù, jiātíng fùnu lushī
  1502. J īnglī shizhang jīxièshī, jīxièyuán jīxiè gōngchéngshī diànyīng
  1503. míngxīng yīnyuèj iā
  1504. nuclear engineer nurse
  1505. office staff worker (Chinese) opera performer
  1506. painter (artist) pharmacist pilot policeman postman professor
  1507. reporter
  1508. sailor salesman secretary servant shoemaker shoe repairman store clerk,
  1509. salesperson
  1510. teacher typist
  1511. (star) vocalist
  1512. waiter, waitress
  1513. hézǐ gōngchéngshī hùshi
  1514. zhíyuán
  1515. Jīngjù yǎnyuán
  1516. huàjiā yàojìshī fēixíngyuán jǐngchá yóudìyuán jiàoshòu
  1517. Jìzhě
  1518. hǎiyuán, shuǐshǒu, chuányuán tuīxiāoyuán
  1519. mìshū
  1520. yòngren
  1521. xiéjiàngshīfu xiūxiéde shòuhuòyuán
  1522. j iàoyuán dazìyuán
  1523. gēxīng
  1524. fàndiàn fúwùyuán
  1525. DRILLS
  1526. A. Substitution Drill
  1527. - 1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (cue) dǎ diànhuà
  1528. (He is at a meeting now.)
  1529. - 2. Tā xiànzài zài dā diànhuà. děng ni
  1530. - 3. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni. gēn Wang Xiānsheng shuō huà
  1531. U. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà. gōngzuò
  1532. - 5. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò. J iǎng huà
  1533. - 6. Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà. huàn qián
  1534. - 7. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.
  1535. You: Tā xiànzài zài da diànhuà.
  1536. (He is making a phone call now.)
  1537. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni.
  1538. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà.
  1539. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò.
  1540. Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà.
  1541. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.
  1542. - B. Response Drill
  1543. - 1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (cue) yìhuǐr
  1544. (He is at a meeting now.)
  1545. - 2. Wáng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài Jiang huà. xiàwǔ
  1546. - 3. Zhāng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xué Zhōngguo huà. shàngwǔ
  1547. U. Mǎ Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà. míngtiān
  1548. You: Yìhuǐr qǐng tā gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
  1549. (In a little while please ask him to call me back. All right?)
  1550. Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
  1551. Shàngwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
  1552. Míngtiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu haō?
  1553. - 5. Wang Tōngzhì xiànzài zài gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jiǎnghuà. yìhuǐr
  1554. - 6. Lǐ Nushì xiànzài zài gēn Wang Dàshī kāi huì. jīntiān
  1555. - 7. Zhū Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xuē Zhōngwén. xiàwǔ
  1556. Yìhuǐr qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo hu hǎo?
  1557. Jīntiān qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
  1558. Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
  1559. C. Expansion Drill
  1560. - 1. Speaker: Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tantan.
  1561. (I would like to talk with you in person.)
  1562. - 2. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni yíjiàn shi.
  1563. - 3. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni Jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu.
  1564. - U. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.
  1565. - 5. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi.
  1566. - 6. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng you gōngfu meiyou.
  1567. - 7. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.
  1568. You: Wǒ gěi ni dS diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.
  1569. (The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in
  1570. person.)
  1571. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni yíjiàn shi.
  1572. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu.
  1573. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.
  1574. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi.
  1575. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng you gōngfu
  1576. meiyou.
  1577. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.
  1578. D. Substitution Drill
  1579. You: Shéi dōu kéyi.
  1580. (Anyone would be fine.)
  1581. - 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (cue) shéi
  1582. (Any time would be fine.)
  1583. - 2. Shéi dōu kéyi.    nǎr               Nǎr dōu kéyi.
  1584. - 3. Nǎr dōu kéyi.     něige             Něige dōu kéyi.
  1585. - U.  Něige dōu kéyi.   shénme dìfang     Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.
  1586. - 5. Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.             Duōshao dōu kéyi.
  1587. duōshao
  1588. - 6. Duōshao dōu kéyi. dué jiǔ        Dué jiǔ dōu kéyi.
  1589. - 7. Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.
  1590. - E. Substitution Drill
  1591. - 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (cue) any length of time
  1592. (Any time would be fine.)
  1593. - 2. Jīdiǎn zhōng dōu kéyi. any number of hours
  1594. - 3. Něitiān dōu kéyi. any number of days
  1595. - 4. Něiniǎn dōu kéyi. any number of years
  1596. - 5. Xīngqījī dōu kéyi. any number of weeks
  1597. - 6. Jīhào dōu kéyi.
  1598. any number of days
  1599. - 7. Jīyuè dōu kéyi.
  1600. any number of months
  1601. You: Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.
  1602. (Any length of time would be fine.)
  1603. Jīge zhōngtou dōu kéyi.
  1604. Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.
  1605. Jīniǎn dōu kéyi.
  1606. Jīge xīngqī dōu kéyi.
  1607. Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.
  1608. Jīge yuè dōu kéyi.
  1609. F. Response Drill
  1610. - 1. Speaker: Women míngtiān zài zhèr jiàn ne, hǎishi zài nàr Jiàn ne?
  1611. (cue) nǎr
  1612. (Shall we meet here or there tomorrow?)
  1613. - 2. Wōmen zuò huochē qù ne, haishi zuò fēijī qù ne? zǎnme
  1614. - 3. Women míngtiān Jiùdiǎn zhōng Jiàn ne, hǎishi shidiǎn zhōng Jiàn
  1615. ne? jǐdiǎn zhōng
  1616. U. Women zuò qìchē qù ne, hǎishi zuò huōchē qù ne? shenme chē
  1617. - 5. Women míngtiān qù ne, hǎishi hòutiān qù ne? nǎitiān
  1618. - 6. Women Xīngqīyī qù ne, hǎishi Xīngqīèr qù ne?
  1619. xlngqījī
  1620. - 7. Women zuò fēijī qù ne, hǎishi zuò huōchē qù ne? zenme
  1621. You: Zài nǎr Jiàn dōu kǎyi.
  1622. (Anywhere would be fine.)
  1623. Zenme qù dōu keyi.
  1624. Jidiǎn zhōng Jiàn dōu kǎyi.
  1625. Shenme chē dōu kǎyi.
  1626. Nǎitiān qù dōu kǎyi.
  1627. XīngqīJÍ qù dōu kǎyi.
  1628. Zenme qù dōu kǎyi.
  1629. G. Response Drill
  1630. - 1. Speaker: Shǎi lǎi? (Who is coming?)
  1631. - 2. Shǎnme dìfang bù hǎo?
  1632. - 3. Neige dìfang kǎyi?
  1633. U. Shǎi bú hui?
  1634. - 5. Nǎr hǎo?
  1635. - 6. Tā shǎnme shíhou nǎng qù?
  1636. - 7. Ni nǎitiān bù mǎng?
  1637. You: Shǎi dōu lǎi.
  1638. (Everyone is coming.)
  1639. Shǎnme dìfang dōu bù hǎo.
  1640. Nǎige dìfang dōu kǎyi.
  1641. Shǎi dōu bú hui.
  1642. Nǎr dōu hǎo.
  1643. Tā shǎnme shíhou dōu nǎng qù
  1644. Wo nǎitiān dōu bù mǎng.
  1645. - H. Response Drill
  1646. - 1. Speaker: Ní qù nǎr? (Where are you going?)
  1647. - 2. Ni dào nǎr qù?
  1648. - 3. Tā qù shénme dìfang?
  1649. U. Tā dào shénme dìfang qù?
  1650. - 5. Ni mǎi nǎige?
  1651. - 6. Ni kàn něibǎn?
  1652. - 7. Nī zuò shénme?
  1653. You: Wō nǎr dōu qù.
  1654. (I'm going everywhere.)
  1655. Wō nǎr dōu qù.
  1656. Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.
  1657. Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.
  1658. Wō nǎige dōu mǎi.
  1659. Wo nǎibǎn dōu kàn.
  1660. Wō shénme dōu zuō.
  1661. I. Response Drill
  1662. - 1. Speaker: Shéi lǎi?
  1663. (cue) everyone
  1664. (Who is coming?)
  1665. - 2. Shéi kéyi? anyone will do
  1666. - 3. Shéi lǎi? no one
  1667. U. Nì mǎi nǎige?    all of them
  1668. - 5. Ní dào nǎr qù?   nowhere at all
  1669. - 6. Nǎige hǎo? all of them
  1670. - 7. Shéi huì shuō Zhōngguo huà? everyone
  1671. You: Shéi dōu lǎi.
  1672. (Everyone is coming.)
  1673. Shéi dōu kéyi.
  1674. Shéi dōu bù lǎi.
  1675. Wō nǎige dōu mǎi.
  1676. Wō nǎr dōu bú qù.
  1677. Nǎige dōu hǎo.
  1678. Shéi dōu huì shuō Zhōngguo huà
  1679. UNIT 3
  1680. REFERENCE LIST
  1681. (in Taipei)
  1682. - 1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?
  1683. - A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.
  1684. - 2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?
  1685. - A: Bú shi kèqi.
  1686. A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cóng Měiguo lǎi.
  1687. A: Tā xiànzài zài Tǎiwān Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.
  1688. A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nīmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.
  1689. - 3. B: Nà tài hǎo le!
  1690. - B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tǎntan.
  1691. - B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.
  1692. - B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.
  1693. - U. A: Nǎli, nǎli.
  1694. - A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hǎo.
  1695. - 5. ⁵A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?
  1696. - B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.
  1697. 6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suíbiàn.
  1698. B: Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.
  1699. Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week?
  1700. I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a
  1701. simple meal.
  1702. Why is it necessary to be so polite?
  1703. It’s not politeness.
  1704. I have a friend who has Just come from America.
  1705. She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.
  1706. I would very much like to introduce the two of you.
  1707. That's wonderful!
  1708. I wish very much to talk with her.
  1709. However, I'm afraid that my English isn’t good enough.
  1710. Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I
  1711. hear either.
  1712. Not at all, not at all.
  1713. You speak as well as an American.
  1714. How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?
  1715. That would be fine.
  1716. I haven't invited anyone special.
  1717. It's very informal.
  1718. Well then, I'll thank you in advance.
  1719. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  1720. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1721. | 7. | bù tong | to be different |
  1722. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1723. | 8. | chá | tea |
  1724. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1725. | 9. | chī fan | to eat, to have a |
  1726. | | | meal |
  1727. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1728. | 10. | dànshi | but |
  1729. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1730. | 11. | 4*     • W | furthermore, moreover |
  1731. | | | |
  1732. | | erqie | |
  1733. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1734. | 12. | fan | (cooked) rice |
  1735. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1736. | 13. | hē | to drink |
  1737. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1738. | I'l. | Jiāo shū | to teach |
  1739. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
  1740. []
  1741. VOCABULARY
  1742. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1743. | biànfàn būdàn.. .yé búguò bù tong | a simple, informal meal not |
  1744. | | only...but also however, but to |
  1745. | | be different |
  1746. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1747. | chá | tea |
  1748. | | |
  1749. | chi fan | to eat, to have a meal |
  1750. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1751. | dànshi | but |
  1752. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1753. | érqiě | furthermore, moreover |
  1754. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1755. | fan | (cooked) rice |
  1756. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1757. | he hébì | to drink |
  1758. | | |
  1759. | | why is it necessary (to) |
  1760. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1761. | Jiāo shū jièshao | to teach to introduce |
  1762. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1763. | kōngpà | to be afraid that (something is |
  1764. | | or is not the case) |
  1765. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1766. | suíbiàn | to be informal/casual; as you |
  1767. | | like as you wish, whatever suits |
  1768. | | you, ’’according to convenience” |
  1769. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1770. | tài hǎo le! tīngbudǒng tīngdedǒng | wonderful! |
  1771. | | |
  1772. | | cannot understand can understand |
  1773. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1774. | xīwàng (xīwang) | to hope, to wish to |
  1775. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1776. | yíyàng | to be alike/equal sometimes |
  1777. | | |
  1778. | you shíhou (you shihou) | |
  1779. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1780. (introduced on C-2 tape)
  1781. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1782. | cānjiǎ | to attend |
  1783. | | |
  1784. | dǎ (ge) diànhuà hǎo de duō | to make a phone call much better |
  1785. | | |
  1786. | ting diànhuà yǎnhuo yóuyuǎnhuì | to answer the phone fireworks |
  1787. | zhèng hǎo | display carnival |
  1788. | | |
  1789. | | just right |
  1790. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1791. REFERENCE NOTES
  1792. 1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?
  1793. A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.
  1794. Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week?
  1795. I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a
  1796. simple meal.
  1797. Notes on No. 1
  1798. Xiàge Xīngqīliù means "Saturday of next week." "Saturday of this week"
  1799. is zhèige Xīngqīliù, and "Saturday of last week" is shàngge Xīngqīliù.⁶
  1800. Chī ge biànfàn; Here the verb chī, "to eat Csomething}," takes the
  1801. object (yi)ge biànfàn, "a simple/informal family meal." When talking
  1802. about the general activity of eating, however, use chī with the general
  1803. object fàn, literally "(cooked) rice": chī fàn, "to eat"
  1804. The word biànfàn is used as a modest description in inviting guests for
  1805. a meal served in the home. The meal is generally "simple" only in the
  1806. sense of not being a banquet. A Chinese family meal usually consists of
  1807. several dishes plus a soup.
  1808. 2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?
  1809. A: Bu shi kèqi.
  1810. A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cōng Měiguo lai.
  1811. A: Tā xiànzài zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo JīngJixué.
  1812. A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.
  1813. Why is it necessary to be so polite? It’s not politeness.
  1814. I have a friend who has Just come from America.
  1815. She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.
  1816. I would very much like to introduce the two of you.
  1817. Notes on No. 2
  1818. Hébì is a somewhat formal way of saying ’’Why is it necessary to...?” He
  1819. is a literary word for ’’why.” Bì is a literary word for ’’must.” (You
  1820. may recognize it from bú bì, ’’need not,” "to be unnecessary.’’)
  1821. Notice that the first speaker in exchange 2 does not respond to the
  1822. dinner invitation with an immediate ’’Thank you, I would love to," as
  1823. one might do in English. Instead, the Chinese prefer the equivalent of
  1824. ’’That’s too kind of you" or "Oh, you really shouldn't." When you
  1825. receive an indefinite invitation (like "I hope you can come over to my
  1826. house for dinner some day"), do not ask immediately for the date and
  1827. time. Rather, you should thank the person for his politeness and say
  1828. that you also hope that you can get together. Vague invitations may
  1829. simply be in superficial accordance with the rules of etiquette, and you
  1830. might put your acquaintance on the spot by accepting.
  1831. Bu shi kèqi is the appropriate response when a person suggests that you
  1832. are treating him too politely.
  1833. Jiāo, "to teach," is a verb which requires a general object when no
  1834. specific object is mentioned. Contrast Jiāo shū, "to teach," with Jiāo
  1835. Jǐngjixué, "to teach economics."
  1836. Nǐmen liǎngwèi means "the two of you," or "you two." The other plural
  1837. pronouns may be used similarly:
  1838. Tāmen sìge rén dōu yǐjing Those four have all been there already, qùguo
  1839. le.
  1840. Tāmen sānge rén dōu xiang All three of them are planning to niàn lìshǐ.
  1841.                     study history.
  1842. A number phrase may also follow a list of nouns or pronouns in Chinese.
  1843. Either the listing or the number is usually omitted in the English
  1844. translation.
  1845. Wō, nǐ, tā sānge rén dōu qù, Why don’t all three of us go? hǎo bu hǎo?
  1846. Lǐ Xiānsheng gēn Wáng          Both Mr. Lī and Mr. Wáng (the two of
  1847. Xiānsheng liǎngwèi dōu         them) called me.
  1848. gěi wo dǎle diànhuà le.
  1849. Gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao: There are two things to note in this
  1850. sentence. First of all, while the English language "introduces two
  1851. people TO each other," the Chinese language "introduces FOR the two
  1852. people," gěi...jièshao. Secondly, the speaker has chosen to repeat the
  1853. verb Jièshao. In a sentence expressing the speaker's desired course of
  1854. action, the reduplicated form of the verb makes the statement less blunt
  1855. and demanding.
  1856. 3. B: Nà tài hǎo le!
  1857. B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tantan.
  1858. B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.
  1859. B: Budàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.
  1860. That’s wonderful!
  1861. I wish very much to talk with her.
  1862. However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.
  1863. Not only don’t I speak well, (but) sometimes I can’t understand what I
  1864. hear either.
  1865. Notes on No. 3
  1866. Tài hǎo le, ’’wonderful,’’ or, more literally, ’’too good.’’ You have
  1867. seen tài translated as ’’excessively,” or ’’too”: ”It’s too expensive!”
  1868. Tài guì le! In other contexts, tài simply indicates an extreme degree
  1869. and is translated as ’’very.” When used this way, tài is commonly
  1870. heavily stressed.
  1871. Zhèiběn shū zhēn shi tài you This book is really very interesting! yìsi
  1872. le!
  1873. Búguò, ’’however,” is often interchangeable with kěshi, ’’but,” and is
  1874. therefore used more frequently than the English ’’however.”
  1875. Kongpà means ”to be afraid that Csomething is/is not the easel.” It
  1876. sometimes means "probably," as in Zhèiběn shū kǒngpà shi tāde, "This
  1877. book is probably his.”
  1878. Búdàn...yě... is equivalent to the English "not only...but also....”
  1879. Here are some examples:
  1880. Tā búdàn huì shuō Zhōngwén, yě huì shuō Rìwén.
  1881. Tā búdàn bù xīhuan hōngde, yě bù xīhuan lǎnde.
  1882. Not only can he speak Chinese, but he can also speak Japanese.
  1883. Not only doesn’t he like the red one, but he doesn’t like the blue one
  1884. either.
  1885. Tīngbudǒng, "can’t understand": The verb dǒng is used to indicate the
  1886. result in a compound verb of result. Here is another example of dǒng
  1887. used in this way:
  1888. Zhōngwén bàozhī nī kàndedǒng Can you read (and understand) Chinese
  1889. kànbudǒng? newspapers?
  1890. Shuōde bù hǎo VS. tīngbudǒng: The many ways in which one-syllable
  1891. Chinese verbs may be combined to make patterns and compounds can be
  1892. confusing. In No. 3, you see both an action verb and its manner adverb
  1893. (in the negative), shuōde bù hǎo, and a compound verb of result (in its
  1894. "unable" form), tīngbudǒng. Compare these two forms:
  1895. ACTION                                ACTION MARKER or NEG.
  1896. VERB   MARKER NEG. ADV. MANNER VERB (not both)    RESULT
  1897. ------ ----- -------
  1898. tīng -bù -dǒng
  1899. ting -de -dǒng
  1900. ------ ----- -------
  1901. ------ ----- ---- ---------
  1902. shuō -DE bù hǎo
  1903. shuō -DE hěn hǎo
  1904. ------ ----- ---- ---------
  1905. The marker de is always part of the manner adverb expression but
  1906. alternates with bù in compound verbs of result. Manner adverb
  1907. expressions expand to allow not only for negation but also for
  1908. additional adverbs such as hen and tài. Compound verbs of result cannot
  1909. do this. There are always three, and only three, parts to the compound
  1910. verb of result.
  1911. 1+. A: Náli, náli.
  1912. A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hāo.
  1913. 5. A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiān ban duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?
  1914. B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.
  1915. Not at all, not at all.
  1916. You speak as well as an American.
  1917. How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?
  1918. That would be fine.
  1919. Notes on Nos. 1+-5
  1920. Gēn...yíyàng hǎo: Yíyàng is an adjectival verb meaning "to be the same."
  1921. When a sentence tells you in what respect the compared items are alike,
  1922. yíyàng acts as an adverb and may be translated as "equally."
  1923. -------------------------------------- ---------
  1924. Women liāngge rénde chē yíyàng.
  1925. (the cars belonging to the two of us alike)
  1926. -------------------------------------- ---------
  1927. "Our cars are alike."
  1928. -------------------------------------- --------------------
  1929. Women liangge rénde chē yíyàng guì.
  1930. (the cars belonging to the two of us equally expensive)
  1931. -------------------------------------- --------------------
  1932. "Our cars are equally expensive."
  1933. The area of comparability may be described by predicates other than
  1934. adjectival verbs.
  1935. ------------------- ------ --------- -------- -----------
  1936. Tāmen liāngge rén dōu yíyàng xlhuan niàn shū.
  1937. (the two of them both equally like to study)
  1938. ------------------- ------ --------- -------- -----------
  1939. "The two of them are equally studious."
  1940. The items being compared may be expressed separately, using gēn. In this
  1941. case, gēn is the prepositional verb meaning "with." The item preceding
  1942. gēn is compared WITH the object of gēn.
  1943. ---------- ------ ---------- ---------
  1944. Wǒde chē gēn tāde chē yíyàng.
  1945. (my car with his car alike)
  1946. ---------- ------ ---------- ---------
  1947. "My car is like his."
  1948. Gēn may be used to compare nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, and clauses.
  1949. Often one of the two phrases or clauses is a shorter form of the other.
  1950. ------------ ------ ------------ ---------- --------- -------
  1951. Nī shuōde gēn Měiguo rén (shuōde) yíyàng hǎo.
  1952. (you speak with American L speakJ equally good)
  1953. ------------ ------ ------------ ---------- --------- -------
  1954. "You speak as well as an American."
  1955. ---------- ------ ------------ ---------
  1956. Wǒde chē gēn tāde (chē) yíyàng.
  1957. (my car with his tear] alike)
  1958. ---------- ------ ------------ ---------
  1959. "My car is like his (car)."
  1960. -------------- ------ ---- ------- --------- -------
  1961. Nī (kāide) gēn wǒ kāide yíyàng kuài.
  1962. (you CdriveJ with me drive equally fast)
  1963. -------------- ------ ---- ------- --------- -------
  1964. "You drive as fast as I do."
  1965. 6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suitiàn.
  1966. B: Nà jiù xiān xiè le.
  1967. I haven’t invited anyone special.
  1968. It’s very informal.
  1969. Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.
  1970. Notes on No. 6
  1971. Méi qīng shénme rén: In this sentence, shénme is not the question word
  1972. "what" but is theindefinite "any." When used with bù or méi, shénme rén
  1973. means "anyone special," or "anyone in particular." All question words
  1974. may follow the verbs in negative statements to give similar meanings.
  1975. Here are some examples of "any___ special" meanings:
  1976. Wǒ méi chī shénme fàn.         I didn’t eat much of anything.
  1977. Wǒ méi gēn shéi qù.            I didn’t go with anybody special.
  1978. Wǒ méi dào nǎr qù.              I didn’t go anyplace in particular.
  1979. Wǒ méiyou duōshao qián.
  1980. Wǒ bú yào jlge.
  1981. I don’t have any money to speak of.
  1982. I don't want hut a few. (I want only a few.)
  1983. Suíbiàn is a frequently used expression which has connotations of
  1984. "casual," as contrasted with kèqi, "proper" or "formal." Literally,
  1985. suíbiàn means "according to convenience." Here are some examples:
  1986. Zenme zuò?                      How shall we do it?
  1987. Suíbiàn.                        However you like.
  1988. Suíbiàn shenme shíhou lái. Come anytime you like.
  1989. Suíbiàn zuò nǎr dōu kéyi. You may sit anywhere you like.
  1990. Nà jiù xiān xiè le: In this sentence, nà is acting as an adverb meaning
  1991. "in that case," "if so," or "then." The English translation "I'll thank
  1992. you in advance, then" is very formal. You would be more likely to say
  1993. something like "Great. I'm looking forward to it."
  1994. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  1995. | - 7. bù tóng | to be different tea |
  1996. | | |
  1997. | - 8. chá | to eat, to have a meal but |
  1998. | | furthermore, moreover (cooked) |
  1999. | - 9. chi fàn | rice to drink |
  2000. | | |
  2001. | - 10. dànshi | to teach |
  2002. | | |
  2003. | - 11. érqiě | |
  2004. | | |
  2005. | - 12. fàn | |
  2006. | | |
  2007. | - 13. hē | |
  2008. | | |
  2009. | 1H. j iāo shū | |
  2010. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2011. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
  2012. Bù tong may be used in much the same way as bù yíyàng. Note that bù tong
  2013. occurs only in the negative. (There is no tǒng.^
  2014. Shànghǎi huà he Běi jIng huà The. Shànghǎi dialect and the Běi jIng hen
  2015. bù tong.                    dialect are very different.
  2016. Chi fàn, "to eat," is an example of a verb plus a general object used to
  2017. express a general activity. The verb chi may also take specific objects,
  2018. such as miàn, "noodles."
  2019. Dànshi, "but," is used much like kǎshi, "but."
  2020. Hebei rén tīngdedǒng Beijing Can people from Héběi understand huà ma?
  2021.                        the Beijing dialect?
  2022. Tingdedǒng, dànshi Héběi huà Yes, but the Héběi dialect and the hé
  2023. BěiJIng huà bù yíyàng. Běijlng dialect are different.
  2024. Érqiě, "furthermore,” ’’moreover”: Use érqiě at 'the beginning of a
  2025. sentence or clause.
  2026. Zhèige huāpíng tài guì, érqiě This vase is too expensive, and yě tài dà
  2027. le. Wǒ bù xiǎng furthermore it’s too big. I don’t mǎi.
  2028.                            want to buy it.
  2029. Fàn, "(cooked) rice”: The definition of fàn is qualified as "cooked”
  2030. because the Chinese use several words for "rice," depending on whether
  2031. it is in the field, ready to cook, or on the table.
  2032. Jiāo shū is a verb plus a general object meaning "to teach." Jiāo may be
  2033. used without its general object, as in Jiāo Zhōngwén, "teach the Chinese
  2034. language.”
  2035. DRILLS
  2036. A. Substitution Drill
  2037. - 1. Speaker: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī          You: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī
  2038. míngtiān
  2039. míngtiān wǎnshang you           zǎoshang you gōngfu ma?
  2040. gōngfu ma?                     (Section Chief Huang, are you
  2041. (cue) míngtiān                  free tomorrow morning?)
  2042. zǎoshang
  2043. (Section Chief Huang, are you free tomorrow evening?)
  2044. - 2. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni míngtiān zǎoshang you gōngfu ma? Xīngqīsì
  2045. - 3. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma? jīntiān wǎnshang
  2046. U. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma? xià Xīngqīliù
  2047. - 5. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?
  2048. zhèige Xīngqīwǔ
  2049. - 6. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma? zhèige yuè qíhào
  2050. - 7. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?
  2051. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma?
  2052. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma?
  2053. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?
  2054. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma?
  2055. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?
  2056. - B. Expansion Drill
  2057. - 1. Speaker: Wo xiǎng qing nín. (cue) women jiā
  2058. (l would like to invite you.)
  2059. OR Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. (cue) fànguǎnr
  2060. (I would like to invite you.)
  2061. - 2. Tā xiǎng qíng nín.
  2062. Mínzú Fàndiàn
  2063. - 3. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín. wǒ fùmǔ jiā
  2064. U. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín.
  2065. Beijing Fàndiǎn
  2066. 5. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. neige fanguǎnr
  2067. 6. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. wǒ jiā
  2068. You: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.
  2069. (I would like to invite you to our house for a simple meal.)
  2070. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.
  2071. (l would like to invite you to go to a restaurant for a simple meal.)
  2072. Tā xiǎng qīng nín dào Mínzú Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.
  2073. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ fùmǔ Jiā lái chī ge biànfàn.
  2074. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào Běijīng Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.
  2075. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào neige fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.
  2076. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.
  2077. C. Response Drill
  2078. - 1. Speaker: Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma? (cue) jīngjixué (Does he
  2079. work at Taiwan University?)
  2080. - 2. Tā zài Dezhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? lìshī
  2081. - 3. Lī Xiānsheng zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? zhèngzhixué
  2082. U. Chén Xiānsheng zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Zhōngwén
  2083. - 5. Andesēn Xiānsheng zài Taiwān Dàxué gōngzuò ma?
  2084. Yīngguo wénxué
  2085. You: Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.
  2086. (That’s right. He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)
  2087. Duì le. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué jiāo lìshī.
  2088. Duì le. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo zhèngzhixué.
  2089. Duì le. Tā zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué jiāo Zhōngwén.
  2090. Duì le. Tā zài Taiwān Dàxué Jiāo Yīngguo wénxué.
  2091. - 6. Wang Xiānsheng zài Tàiwan Dàxué gōngzuè ma?
  2092. Zhōngguo wénxué
  2093. - 7. Zhào Xiáojie zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma?
  2094. Zhōngguo lìshǐ
  2095. Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo wénxué.
  2096. Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo lìshǐ.
  2097. D. Transformation Drill
  2098. - 1. Speaker; Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.
  2099. (cue) Wàng Tongzhì (i’ll introduce you.)
  2100. - 2. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Liu Tōngzhì
  2101. - 3. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhào Tōngzhì
  2102. - U. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Xiānsheng
  2103. - 5. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Yang Nushì
  2104. - 6. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Kēzhǎng
  2105. - 7. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Lǐ Shàoxiào
  2106. You; Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Wang Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao (l would
  2107. very much like to introduce you and Comrade Wang.)
  2108. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Liu Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao.
  2109. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhào Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao.
  2110. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Xiānsheng Jièshao Jièshao.
  2111. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Yang Nushì Jièshao Jièshao.
  2112. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jièshao jièshao.
  2113. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Lǐ Shàoxiào Jièshao Jièshao.
  2114. - E. Expansion Drill
  2115. - 1. Speaker: Tā tīngbujiàn.             You: Tā búdàn tīngbujiàn yě
  2116. (cue) kànbujiàn                 kànbujiàn.
  2117. (He can’t hear.)                 (Not only can’t he hear, CbutJ
  2118. he can’t see either.)
  2119. ---- ---------------- ------------ -----------------------------------
  2120. 2. Tā shuōbuduì. tīngbudǒng Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě tīngbudǒng.
  2121. 3. Tā chībuhǎo. hēbuhǎo Tā búdàn chībuhǎo yě hēbuhǎo.
  2122. U. Tā shuōbuduì. xiěbuduì Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě xiěbuduì.
  2123. 5. Tā kànbudǒng. tīngbudǒng Tā búdàn kànbudǒng yě tīngbudǒng.
  2124. 6. Tā tīngbudǒng. shuōbuduì Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuduì.
  2125. 7. Tā kànbujiàn. tīngbujiàn Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbujiàn.
  2126. ---- ---------------- ------------ -----------------------------------
  2127. - F. Combination Drill
  2128. - 1. Speaker: Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Tā tīngbudǒng.
  2129. (He speaks poorly. He can’t understand.)
  2130. OR Tā shuōde bù hao. Wō shuōde bù hāo.
  2131. (He speaks poorly. I speak poorly.)
  2132. - 2. Tā niànde hǎo. Tā xiědehǎo.
  2133. - 3. Tā niànde hǎo. Wō niànde hǎo.
  2134. U. Tā tīngbudǒng. Tā shuōbuhǎo.
  2135. - 5. Tā kāide bù hǎo. Wō kāide bù hǎo.
  2136. - 6. Tā kànbujiàn. Tā tīngbudǒng.
  2137. You: Tā búdàn shuōde bù hǎo yě tīngbudǒng.
  2138. (He not only speaks poorly, Cbutl he can’t understand either.)
  2139. Búdàn tā shuōde bù hǎo wǒ yě shuōde bù hǎo.
  2140. (Not only does he speak poorly, LbutJ I speak poorly too.)
  2141. Tā búdàn niànde hǎo yě xiědehǎo.
  2142. Búdàn tā niànde hǎo wǒ yě niànde hǎo.
  2143. Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuhǎo.
  2144. Búdàn tā kāide bù hǎo wǒ yě kāide bù hǎo.
  2145. Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbudǒng.
  2146. - G. Transformation Drill
  2147. - 1. Speaker: Wǒ bù néng dào Zhōngguo qù. Wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng.
  2148. (I can’t go to China. My Chinese isn’t good enough.)
  2149. - 2. Tā bù kéyi xué Zhōngwén. Tā méiyou gōngfu.
  2150. - 3. Wo bù kéyi mai dōngxi. Wode qién bú gōu.
  2151. U. W3 bù néng qù kàn péngyou. W3 méiyou gōngfu.
  2152. - 5. Wǒ bù néng shuō Zhōngguo hui. Wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.
  2153. - 6. W3 bù néng gēn tā qù chī fàn.
  2154. W3 méiyou shíjiān.
  2155. - 7. Wo bù kéyi qù kāi huì. W3 tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.
  2156. You: W3 hen xīwàng dào Zhōngguo qù, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng.
  2157. (I hope very much to go to China, but I’m afraid my Chinese isn’t good
  2158. enough.)
  2159. Tā hen xīwàng xué Zhōngwén, búguō kǒngpà tā méiyou gōngfu.
  2160. Wǒ hen xīwàng mai dōngxi, búguō kǒngpà wǒde qián bú gòu.
  2161. Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kàn péngyou, búguō kǒngpà w3 méiyou gōngfu.
  2162. Wǒ hen xīwàng shuō Zhōngguo huà, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.
  2163. Wǒ hen xīwàng gēn tā qù chī fàn, búguō kongpà wǒ méiyou shíjiān.
  2164. Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kāi huì, búguō kǒngpà wǒ tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.
  2165. - H. Transformation Drill
  2166. - 1. Speaker: Nīde chá gēn tāde yíyàng duō.
  2167. (cue) hē
  2168. (You have as much tea as he does.)
  2169. - 2. Nīde dōngxi gēn tāde yíyàng piányi. mai
  2170. - 3. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng duō. niàn
  2171. - U. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng hao. jiāo
  2172. You: Nī hē chā, hēde gēn tā yíyàng duō.
  2173. (You drink as much tea as he does.)
  2174. Nī mai dōngxi, maide gēn tā yíyàng piényi.
  2175. Nī niàn shū, niànde gēn tā yíyàng duō.
  2176. Nī jiāo shū, jiāode gēn tā yíyàng hāo.
  2177. - 5. Nīde fan gēn tāde yíyàng duo. chī
  2178. - 6. Nīde diànhuà gēn tāde yíyàng duō. dǎ
  2179. - 7. Níde Zhōngguo huà gēn tāde yíyàng hǎo.    shuō
  2180. Nī chī fàn, chide gēn tā yíyàng duō.
  2181. Nī dǎ diànhuà, dǎde gen tā yíyàng duō.
  2182. Nī shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde gēn tā yíyàng hǎo.
  2183. I. Response Drill
  2184. - 1. Speaker: Nī qīngle jīge rén? (How many people did you invite?)
  2185. OR Tā hē shénme? (What does he drink?)
  2186. - 2. Nī qīng shéi?
  2187. - 3. Tā mǎile jīběn shū?
  2188. U. Nī qīng shénme rén?
  2189. 5. Tā dào nǎr qù le?
  2190. 6. NĪ you duōshao qián?
  2191. You: Wō méi qīng jīge rén.
  2192. (I didn’t invite many at all.)
  2193. Tā bù hē shénme.
  2194. (He doesn’t drink much of anything.)
  2195. Wō bù qīng shéi.
  2196. Tā méi mǎi jīben shū.
  2197. Wō bù qīng shénme rén.
  2198. Tā méi dào nǎr qù.
  2199. Wō méiyōu duōshao qiān.
  2200. UNIT 4
  2201. REFERENCE LIST
  2202. - 1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.
  2203. - A: Qǐng jin.
  2204. - 2. B: FÙ Tàitai, nín hǎo?
  2205. - B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.
  2206. - 3. B: Wo zhīdào nín xīhuan shānshuǐ huà.
  2207. - B: Tebié qīng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.
  2208. *A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie.
  2209. A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao jièshao.
  2210. - 4. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Tǎidà jiāo Jīngjixué.
  2211. A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Tǎiwān Yínhǎng gōngzuò.
  2212. - A: Zhèiwei shi Huang Tàitai.
  2213. - 5. B: Jiuyǎng, jiùyǎng.
  2214. - B: Nín lǎile duo jiǔ le?
  2215. - C: Jiuyǎng. Wǒ gāng lǎi liāngge yuè.
  2216. - 6. C: Hǎi you hen duō bù shǒuxide dìfang.
  2217. - C: Yīhòu hǎi yào xiàng nín qīngjiào.
  2218. Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome.
  2219. Please come in.
  2220. How are you, Mrs. Franklin?
  2221. Here is a small token of appreciation.
  2222. I know you like landscape paintings.
  2223. I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.
  2224. You are really too polite. Thanks.
  2225. Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.
  2226. This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.
  2227. Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huǎng, who works at the Bank of
  2228. Taiwan.
  2229. This is Mrs. Huǎng.
  2230. Glad to meet you.
  2231. How long have you been here?
  2232. Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.
  2233. There is still much I’m not familiar with.
  2234. Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.
  2235. *The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.
  2236. 7. B: Náli, nèli.
  2237. B: Xīwang yīhòu you jīhui duō jiànmièn.
  2238. Not at all, not at all.
  2239. I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.
  2240. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  2241. ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  2242. 8. fāngfǎ method, way, means
  2243. 9. fázi method, way
  2244. 10. huàr painting (Beijing pronunciation)
  2245. 11. qīng zuò please sit down
  2246. 12. shèhuìxué sociology
  2247. 13. túshūguǎn library
  2248. 1U. zuò to sit
  2249. ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  2250. VOCABULARY
  2251. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2252. | fāngfǎ fázi | method, way, means |
  2253. | | |
  2254. | | method, way (Beijing) |
  2255. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2256. | huà | to paint a painting to welcome |
  2257. | | |
  2258. | huà(r) (yìzhāng) huānyíng | |
  2259. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2260. | Jiànmiàn Jiàoshòu jin jiǔyǎng | to meet someone, to see someone |
  2261. | | professor |
  2262. | | |
  2263. | | to enter |
  2264. | | |
  2265. | | glad to meet you |
  2266. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2267. | qingJiao qíng zuò | to ask advice, to consult please |
  2268. | | sit down |
  2269. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2270. | shānshuǐ | mountains and rivers, scenery |
  2271. | | with hills and water |
  2272. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2273. | shānshuǐ huà(r) (yìzhāng) | landscape painting sociology to |
  2274. | shèhuìxué | he familiar |
  2275. | | |
  2276. | shóuxi | |
  2277. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2278. | Taidà tèbié túshūguǎn | Taiwan University especially |
  2279. | | library |
  2280. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2281. | xiang xiǎo yìsi | towards; from |
  2282. | | |
  2283. | | a token of appreciation |
  2284. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2285. | zuò | to sit |
  2286. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2287. (introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)
  2288. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  2289. biǎoyǎn bú dà hǎo mǎi duì...shóuxi Jiàoyubù mǎi cài song gei xǐ yīshang yānjiu yòuéryuān you huà zhǎnlǎn zhàogu zuò fàn zuòyà to give a demonstration not very easy to buy to be familiar with Ministry of Education to buy groceries to give to to wash clothes to study, to do research kindergarten oil painting exhibition to take care of to cook homework
  2290. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  2291. REFERENCE NOTES
  2292. 1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.
  2293. A: Qing J in.
  2294. 2. B: Fù Taitai, nín hǎo?
  2295. B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.
  2296. Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome.
  2297. Please come in.
  2298. How are you, Mrs. Franklin?
  2299. Here is a small token of appreciation.
  2300. Note on Nos. 1-2
  2301. Xiǎo yìsi: You have already seen yìsi in the expression you yìsi, "to he
  2302. interesting." Yìsi means "meaning," "significance," "intention," "idea."
  2303. In No. 2, above, xiǎo yìsi (literally, "small CgoodH intent") is an
  2304. idiomatic expression meaning "a small (token of my) feelings of
  2305. appreciation."
  2306. 3. B: Wǒ zhīdào nín xīhuan shān-shuī huà.
  2307. B: Tèhié qīng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.
  2308. A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie.
  2309. A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nīmen jièshao jièshao.
  2310. I know you like landscape paintings.
  2311. I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.
  2312. You are really too polite. Thanks.
  2313. Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.
  2314. Notes on No. 3
  2315. Shānshuī, "mountains and rivers," "scenery with hills and water," is a
  2316. compound made up of shān, "mountain," and shuī, "water." In shānshuī,
  2317. shuī refers to rivers or lakes.
  2318. Tèbiě qǐng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng: Notice that the verb huà is
  2319. followed by the completion marker le. For this reason, the sentence
  2320. means that the painting has been finished. The completed-action sense of
  2321. huàle might be captured by looser translations of the sentence, like "I
  2322. asked a friend, and he painted one for you" and "I asked a friend, who
  2323. painted one for you."
  2324. The sentence Wǒ tèbiē qīng pēngyou gěi nín huà yìzhāng, without le, does
  2325. not indicate whether the painting has been finished or not. The sentence
  2326. might be used when a speaker thinks that a painting has not yet been
  2327. finished.
  2328. Zhēn ahi tài kèqi, "really too polite," is a variation of Nín zhēn tài
  2329. kèqi. Shi is sometimes used simply to show that the subject of a
  2330. sentence fits the description that follows.
  2331. U. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué.
  2332. A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínháng gōngzuò.
  2333. A: Zhèiwei shi Huáng Tàitai.
  2334. This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.
  2335. Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huang, who works at the Bank of
  2336. Taiwan.
  2337. This is Mrs. Huang.
  2338. Notes on No. U
  2339. Jiàoshòu, "professor": The first syllable in this word means "teaching.
  2340. Notice that the tone on Jiào is different from the tone on the verb "to
  2341. teach," Jiāo.
  2342. Táidà is the abbreviation for Tǎiwān Dàxué, "Taiwan University."
  2343. Zhèiwei shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínhǎng gōngzuò looks like a
  2344. run-on sentence, with the pronoun tā dropped from the second part of the
  2345. sentence. In Chinese, this is a perfectly good way to add a second
  2346. clause to a sentence. To characterize a person or thing Just identified,
  2347. the Chinese simply attach a descriptive sentence and omit the subject.
  2348. You have already learned this pattern: Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē yōu yige Xīnhuá
  2349. Shūdiàn, hen dà. Here are some additional examples:
  2350. Tā tàitai shi Rìběn rén, xiànzài zài Shànghǎi.
  2351. Wo you yige péngyou xing Wú, zài Dōnghǎi Dàxué Jiāo shū, míngnián xiǎng
  2352. dào Měiguo qù.
  2353. His wife is Japanese; she is in Shànghǎi now.
  2354. I have a friend named Wú who teaches at Dōnghǎi University. He is
  2355. planning to go to America next year.
  2356. 5. B: Jiǔyǎng, Jiǔyǎng.
  2357. B: Nín láile duo Jiǔ le?
  2358. C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gang lai liǎngge yuè.
  2359. Glad to meet you.
  2360. How long have you been here?
  2361. Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.
  2362. Notes on No. 5
  2363. Jiǔyǎng means, literally, "I have looked up to you for a long time" or
  2364. "I have looked forward to meeting you." It is used when meeting someone
  2365. of higher status. Because Jiǔyǎng implies a status difference, the
  2366. expression is not often used in the PRC.
  2367. Gang, "only Just": You have learned the sentence Wǒ láile liǎngge yuè
  2368. le, "I have been here two months now." In the last sentence of exchange
  2369. 5, notice that no le is needed. The focus has shifted from the coming to
  2370. the shortness of the period; that is, the focus is on gang.
  2371. 6. C: Hái yǒu hen duō bù shōuxide dìfang.
  2372. C: Yīhòu hái yào xiang nín qíngj iào.
  2373. There is still much I’m not familiar with.
  2374. Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.
  2375. Notes on No. 6
  2376. Shóuxi, "to be familiar Lwith the details of something]," is also
  2377. pronounced shúxi.
  2378. Dìfang means "areas," "aspects" (NOT "places") in the first sentence of
  2379. No. éT Thus shouxide dìfang means "areas/aspects one is familiar with."
  2380. Xiàng nín qíngjiào is a polite way of requesting advice from someone—
  2381. for example, a teacher, an advisor, or a senior colleague. Here, the
  2382. prepositional verb xiàng means "from." (You learned xiàng as "towards"
  2383. in the Directions Module.) Literally, it means "facing." Less formally,
  2384. you may also say gēn nín qíngjiào. Qíngjiào (literally, "request
  2385. instruction") may be reduplicated or used with an object in sentences
  2386. like the following:
  2387. Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào        I would like to consult with you
  2388. yíjiàn shi.                     about something.
  2389. Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào qíngj iào.
  2390. Yíhdu hái yào...: In this sentence, hái means "still more," or
  2391. "additionally."
  2392. ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  2393. 8. fāngfā method, way, means
  2394. 9- fázi method, way
  2395. 10. huàr painting (Beijing pronunciation)
  2396. 11. qīng zuò please have a seat
  2397. 12. shèhuìxué sociology
  2398. 13. túshūguān library
  2399. 1U. zuò to sit
  2400. ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  2401. 7. B: Náli, náli.
  2402. B: Xīwang yīhòu yōu jīhui duō Jiànmiàn.
  2403. Not at all, not at all.
  2404. I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.
  2405. Note on No. 7
  2406. The adjectival verb duō, ’’to be much,” ”to be many,” is used in No. 7
  2407. as an adverb meaning ’’much,” ’’more.” Kāfēi bù néng duō hē. Nī duō chī
  2408. diānr ba. Tā duō zhùle liāngtiān. Wō shāo mSile yìzhāng piào.
  2409. Tā shuō tā yào shāo chī.
  2410. Shao may be used in the same way.
  2411. One must not drink too much coffee.
  2412. Eat a little more.
  2413. He stayed two days longer.
  2414. I bought one ticket too few.
  2415. (more literally, "I underbought by one ticket.”)
  2416. He says he wants to eat less (cut down on eating).
  2417. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
  2418. Here are a few sentences illustrating some of the words:
  2419. Nīde shèhuìxué xuéde zhènme hSo"ī Nī yòng shénme fāngfǎ niànde?
  2420. Měitiān zài túshūguān sìge zhōngtou.
  2421. Ài! Wō měiyou fázi zài túshūguān zuò sìge zhōngtóu.
  2422. You learned your sociology so well! How do you study it?
  2423. I spend four hours in the library everyday.
  2424. Boy! Thére’s no way I can sit in the library for four hours.
  2425. VOCABULARY BOOSTER
  2426. Opposites
  2427. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2428. | Snjìng to be peaceful | rènao |
  2429. | | |
  2430. | | to be lively |
  2431. | | |
  2432. | | to be bustling to be noisy |
  2433. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2434. | chǎng to be long | duǎn to be short |
  2435. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2436. | cōngming | bèn to be stupid to be foolish |
  2437. | | |
  2438. | to be intelligent to be bright | |
  2439. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2440. | dà to be large | xiǎo to be small |
  2441. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2442. | dàodǎ to arrive to reach | líkāi to leave |
  2443. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2444. | duì to be correct | cuò to make a mistake to be wrong |
  2445. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2446. | gānjìng (gānjing) to be clean | zāng to be dirty |
  2447. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2448. | gāo to be tall | ǎi |
  2449. | | |
  2450. | | to be short (of stature |
  2451. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2452. | gǎoxìng | nǎnguò |
  2453. | | |
  2454. | to be happy | to feel sorry to feel bad to be |
  2455. | | grieved |
  2456. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2457. | gōngzuò to work | xiūxi to rest to relax |
  2458. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2459. | hǎo to be good to be well | huài to be bad |
  2460. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2461. | J iǎndān to be simple | fùzǎ (fǔzǎ) to be complicated to |
  2462. | | be complex |
  2463. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2464. j iànkāng
  2465. to be healthy
  2466. you bìng to be ill
  2467. to be sick
  2468. kuān
  2469. zhSi
  2470. to be wide
  2471. to be narrow
  2472. to be broad
  2473. lai
  2474. to come
  2475. to go
  2476. lèi
  2477. you jīngshen
  2478. to be tired
  2479. to be lively
  2480. to be spirited
  2481. to be vigorous
  2482. lěng
  2483. re
  2484. to be cold
  2485. to be hot
  2486. liángkuai
  2487. nuanhuo
  2488. to be cool
  2489. to be warm
  2490. man
  2491. kōng
  2492. to be full
  2493. to be vacant
  2494. to be empty
  2495. man
  2496. kuài
  2497. to be slow
  2498. to be fast
  2499. máng
  2500. xièn
  2501. to be busy
  2502. to be idle
  2503. to be unoccupied
  2504. niánqīng
  2505. lǎo
  2506. to be young
  2507. to be old (in years)
  2508. piányi
  2509. guì
  2510. to be inexpensive
  2511. to be expensive
  2512. to be cheap
  2513. piàoliang
  2514. nánkàn
  2515. to be beautiful
  2516. to be ugly
  2517. qiáng
  2518. ruù
  2519. to be strong
  2520. to be weak
  2521. róngyi
  2522. nán
  2523. to be easy
  2524. to be difficult
  2525. shēng
  2526. si
  2527. to be born
  2528. to die
  2529. tian to be sweet
  2530. ting
  2531. to stop
  2532. to halt
  2533. tul
  2534. to push
  2535. yuan
  2536. to be far
  2537. zǎo
  2538. to be early
  2539. zhēn
  2540. to be true to be real
  2541. to be genuine
  2542. kú to be bitter
  2543. z8u
  2544. to go to walk
  2545. IS to pull
  2546. jin to be near
  2547. wan to be late
  2548. jiǎ to be false to be fake to be artificial
  2549. DRILLS
  2550. - A. Transformation Drill
  2551. - 1. Speaker: Wo xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng huàr.
  2552. (I'm thinking of asking him to paint a painting.)
  2553. - 2. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta chī yícì Zhōngguo fàn.
  2554. - 3. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta mǎi liǎngzhāng Tǎiběi dìtú.
  2555. U. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta Jiāo liǎngniān.
  2556. - 5. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.
  2557. - 6. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta lǎi yícì.
  2558. - 7. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta kàn yícì diànyǐng.
  2559. You: Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng huàr.
  2560. (I asked him especially to paint a painting.)
  2561. Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta chile yícì Zhōngguo fàn.
  2562. Wǒ tèbié qīng ta mǎile liǎngzhāng Táibei dìtú.
  2563. Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta Jiāole liǎngniān.
  2564. Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.
  2565. Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta láile yícì.
  2566. Wǒ tèbié qīng ta kànle yícì diànyǐng
  2567. - B. Combination Drill
  2568. - 1. Speaker: Tā shi Hé Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo JīngJixué.
  2569. (He is Professor Hé.
  2570. He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)
  2571. - 2. Tā shi Wáng Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.
  2572. - 3. Tā shi Shen Shàoxiào. Tā zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.
  2573. - U. Tā shi LÍn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū.
  2574. You: Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàozhòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué.
  2575. (This is Professor Hé, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.)
  2576. Zhèiwèi shi Wang Kēzhǎng, zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.
  2577. Zhèiwèi shi Shen Shàoxiào, zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.
  2578. Zhèiwèi shi Lin Jiàoshòu, zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū.
  2579. X      V          K
  2580. - 5. Tā shi Lu Kēzhǎng. Tā zai Tāiwān Yínhāng gōngzuò.
  2581. - 6. Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě. Tā zài Taidà niàn shū.
  2582. - 7. Tā shi HÚn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo zhèngzhixué.
  2583. Zhèiwèi shi Lu Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwān YÍnháng gōngzuò.
  2584. Zhàiwèi shi Liú Xiaojiě, zài Taidà niàn shū.
  2585. Zhèiwèi shi Han Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiāo zhèngzhixué.
  2586. - C. Transformation Drill
  2587. - 1. Speaker; You hěn duō dìfang wo bù shǒuxi.
  2588. (There is much I’m not familiar with.)
  2589. OR Zài zhèr, you hěn duō ren bù hē chā.
  2590. (There are many people here who don’t drink tea.)
  2591. - 2. Yōu hěn duō dìfang wǒ tīngbudǒng.
  2592. - 3. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú kàn bào.
  2593. U. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huà.
  2594. - 5. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ bú huì zuò.
  2595. - 6. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ kànbudǒng.
  2596. You: Wǒ hái you hěn duō bù shéuxide dìfang.
  2597. (There is still much I’m not familiar with.)
  2598. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bù hē chāde rén.
  2599. (There are many non-tea drinking people here.)
  2600. Wǒ hái you hěn duō tīngbudǒngde dìfang.
  2601. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú kàn bàode rén.
  2602. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huàde rén.
  2603. Wǒ hai you hěn duō bú huì zuòde dìfang.
  2604. Wǒ hai you hěn duō kànbudǒngde dìfang.
  2605. - D. Transformation Drill
  2606. - 1. Speaker: Women yīhòu jiànmiànde You: Xīwang yīhòu you Jīhui duō
  2607. Jīhui hěn duō.                   jiānmiān.
  2608. (We will have many more         (I hope that in the future we
  2609. opportunities to meet           will have an opportunity to
  2610. in the future.)
  2611. meet more.)
  2612. 2.
  2613. Wō yīhòu xiǎng nín qīngjiǎode Jīhui hěn duō.
  2614. Xīwang yīhòu yōu Jīhui nín qīngjiāo.
  2615. duō
  2616. xiǎng
  2617. 3.
  2618. Wōmen yīhòu shuō Zhōngguo huāde Jīhui hěn duō.
  2619. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui Zhōngguo huā.
  2620. duō
  2621. shuō
  2622. U.
  2623. Wō yīhòu xuǎ Zhōngwǎnde Jīhui hěn duō.
  2624. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui Zhōngwǎn.
  2625. duō
  2626. xuǎ
  2627. 5.
  2628. Wōmen yīhòu lǎide Jīhui hěn duō.
  2629. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu jīhui
  2630. duō
  2631. lǎi.
  2632. 6.
  2633. Wōmen yīhòu zāi yìqīde Jīhui hěn duō.
  2634. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu jīhui
  2635. duō
  2636. zāi yìqī.
  2637. 7.
  2638. Wō yīhòu luxíngde Jīhui hěn duō.
  2639. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui
  2640. duō
  2641. luxíng.
  2642. - E. Expansion Drill
  2643. - 1. Speaker: Huǎng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng.
  2644. (cue) zuò
  2645. (Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome.)
  2646. - 2. Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? zuò zuo
  2647. - 3. Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? hē yìdiǎn chǎ
  2648. U. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? zuò
  2649. - 5. Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. zuò
  2650. You: Huǎng Kezhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò.
  2651. (Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome. Please come in and sit down.)
  2652. Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai zuòzuo.
  2653. Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai hē yìdiǎn chǎ.
  2654. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Qīng jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò.
  2655. Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng jìnlai zuò.
  2656. - 6. Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? zuò yìhuǐr
  2657. - 7. Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiú bú jiàn. zuò zuo
  2658. Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? Qǐng jin, qǐng jìnlai zuò
  2659. yìhuǐr.
  2660. Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn.
  2661. Qǐng Jin, qīng jìnlai zuòzuo.
  2662. []
  2663. UNIT 5
  2664. REFERENCE LIST
  2665. (in Beijing)
  2666. - 1. B: Wài.
  2667. - A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?
  2668. A: Wǒ yào zhào LÍn SIzhang shuō huà.
  2669. - 2. B: Nín shi nàr a?
  2670. - A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù JIngjiguān.
  2671. - B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.
  2672. - 3. B: Wài, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?
  2673. - A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qing ta gěi wo da ge diànhuà.
  2674. U. B: Hāo, qing nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomār gàosong wǒ. Wǒ xiěxiàlái.
  2675. A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo-sān sān yào.
  2676. 5. C: Duìbuql, ni gāngcái géi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.
  2677. C: Nī yǒu shi ma?
  2678. A: Shi a! Wǒ neitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiān dào nín
  2679. bàngōng-shì qu tántan.
  2680. 6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suǒyi xiǎng
  2681. wèn nín women néng bu néng gǎi dào xià-wu.
  2682. Hello.
  2683. Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?
  2684. I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.
  2685. Who is this?
  2686. My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Ecomonics Officer from the
  2687. French Embassy.
  2688. Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.
  2689. Hello. He is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?
  2690. When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.
  2691. All right. Please tell me your phone number. I’ll write it down.
  2692. My phone number is 521-331.
  2693. I’m sorry. When you called me just now, I wasn’t in.
  2694. Can I help you with something?
  2695. Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your
  2696. office at ten o’clock tomorrow for a talk.
  2697. Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask
  2698. you whether we can change it Cthe appointment! to the afternoon.
  2699. *C: Xiàwǔ shenme shíhou?
  2700. A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn zǎnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?
  2701. C: Sìdiǎn bí sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng dǎi kāi hui.
  2702. A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn.
  2703. C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng deng ni.
  2704. What time in the afternoon?
  2705. What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient
  2706. for you?
  2707. Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three
  2708. o’clock.
  2709. All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.
  2710. All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock.
  2711. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  2712. ----- --------------- -------------------------------
  2713. 7. hǎishi still
  2714. 8. wàiguo foreign, abroad
  2715. 9- wàiguo rěn foreigner (non-Chinese)
  2716. 10. wūzi (yìjiān) room
  2717. 11. yāo one (telephone pronunciation)
  2718. ----- --------------- -------------------------------
  2719. * The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.
  2720. VOCABULARY
  2721. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2722. | bǎ | (prepositional verb which |
  2723. | | indicates the direct object) |
  2724. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2725. | bàngōngshì | office |
  2726. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2727. | gǎi | to change |
  2728. | | |
  2729. | gǎi dào gāngcǎi | to change to |
  2730. | | |
  2731. | | Just now, a short time ago |
  2732. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2733. | haishi hàomǎ(r) | still number |
  2734. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2735. | jīngjiguān | economics officer |
  2736. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2737. | liú | to leave, to keep, to save to |
  2738. | | leave a message |
  2739. | liú(ge)huà(r) | |
  2740. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2741. | neitiān | the other day |
  2742. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2743. | shāngwù shāngwùguān | commercial business commercial |
  2744. | | officer |
  2745. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2746. | wàiguó wàiguo rén Wàijiāobù wūzi | foreign, abroad |
  2747. | (yìjiān) | |
  2748. | | foreigner (non-Chinese) Ministry |
  2749. | | of Foreign Affairs room |
  2750. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2751. | xiěxiàlái | to write down |
  2752. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2753. | yāo yàojin yuēhǎole | one (telephone pronunciation) to |
  2754. | | be important, to be urgent to |
  2755. | | have (successfully) made |
  2756. | | |
  2757. | | arrangements, to have made an |
  2758. | | appointment |
  2759. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2760. | zhèihuír | this moment, at the moment |
  2761. | | (Beijing) |
  2762. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2763. (introduced on C-2 and drill tapes
  2764. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2765. | chūtǔ wénwù zhǎnlǎn | exhibition of archaeological |
  2766. | | finds |
  2767. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2768. | dǎ dao | to make a phone call to |
  2769. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2770. | dàibiǎotuǎn | delegation |
  2771. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2772. | gǎnbuhuílǎi | can’t make it back in time |
  2773. | | teacher |
  2774. | J iàoyuǎn | |
  2775. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2776. Jīnglǐ qīnzì tuánzhǎng zhǔrèn zìji
  2777. manager
  2778. personally, privately head, of the delegation director
  2779. oneself (’’myself,” ’’yourself,” etc.
  2780. (introduced in Communication Game)
  2781. chēfáng dì
  2782. garage
  2783. ground, earth
  2784. []
  2785. Street scene in Shanghai
  2786. REFERENCE NOTES
  2787. 1. B: Wai.
  2788. A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?
  2789. A: Wǒ yào zhāo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.
  2790. Hello.
  2791. Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?
  2792. I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.
  2793. Notes on No. 1
  2794. Wàijiāobù: WàiJiāo is the word, for "diplomacy" (more literally,
  2795. "foreign relations"). Bù designates an organizational unit; in speaking
  2796. of the Chinese government, bù is translated as "ministry."⁷ The head of
  2797. a bù is a bùzhāng, "minister."
  2798. Wài-, "foreign," is used in terms such as wàiguo, "overseas" (literally,
  2799. "foreign country") and wàiguo ren, "foreigner" (most frequently
  2800. referring to a person from a non-Asian country). Literally, wài- means
  2801. "outside," as in wàimian.
  2802. Yào zhāo...shuō huà means, literally, "I would like to look for . . . to
  2803. speak I with himl."
  2804. Telephone conversations: Telephone courtesy in the United States
  2805. requires that a person identify himself before beginning a conversation.
  2806. In China, however, it is normal for the caller to ask "Who is this?" and
  2807. for the person who answers the phone to inquire "Who is calling?"
  2808. - 2. B: Nín shi nǎr a?
  2809. - A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fāguo Dàshiguānde Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.
  2810. - B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.
  2811. Who is this?
  2812. My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Economics Officer from the
  2813. French Embassy.
  2814. Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.
  2815. Notes on No. 2
  2816. Nín shi nar a? is one polite way to ask who is calling. Nǎr asks for the
  2817. name of the office or organization which the caller represents. You may
  2818. also say Nī nǎr a? To ask for the caller’s name, use Qīngwèn ni shi...?
  2819. or Qīngwèn nī guìxìng?
  2820. Fǎguo: In the PRC, the word for ’’France" usually has a low tone instead
  2821. of a falling tone (Faguo).
  2822. The syllable -guān means "government official," "officer," or
  2823. "officeholder ."
  2824. Tā zài bu zai: Zài means "to be present" here. With this meaning, zài
  2825. does not have to be followed by a place word.
  2826. 3. B: Wèi, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?
  2827. A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qīng ta gěi wo dǎ ge diànhuà.
  2828. Hello. He is not here at the moment Would you like to leave a message?
  2829. When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.
  2830. Notes on No. 3
  2831. Zhèihuīr is a colloquial word for "now," "at the moment." The word is
  2832. made up of zhè plus yìhuīr. Its position preceding the verb shows that
  2833. it refers to a point in time.
  2834. Liú ge huàr: Liú means "to leave C something/someone!] behind." Huàr,
  2835. translated in exchange 3 as "message," is the word for "speech."
  2836. Directly following a verb (in this case, liú), the yī of unstressed yige
  2837. may be omitted.
  2838. U. B: Hǎo, qīng nín bǎ nínde diàn- All right. Please tell me your huà
  2839. hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Wǒ phone number. I’ll write it down, xiěxiàlāi.
  2840. A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wú èr yāo- My phone number is 521-331. sān sān yāo.
  2841. Notes on No. U
  2842. Hàomǎr is used for "number" in speaking of identification numbers such
  2843. as a passport number. (Shùmu, "number," expresses an amount.)
  2844. Yao is used, in Beijing for giving room numbers and telephone numbers
  2845. whenever those numbers are given orally.
  2846. Xiěxialai is a compound verb which is formed like náxialai. However,
  2847. while náxialai literally means "to bring down and towards the speaker,"
  2848. xiěxialai does NOT mean "to write in a downward direction towards the
  2849. speaker." The compound xiěxialai corresponds to the English idiom "to
  2850. write down."
  2851. Qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ illustrates some of the
  2852. rules concerning the use of the prepositional verb bǎ. (Read the
  2853. Transportation Module notes on bǎ.)
  2854. Bǎ is a prepositional verb used to bring the direct object of a sentence
  2855. to a position preceding the main verb. To do so has certain effects on
  2856. the meaning of a sentence. There are reasons why bǎ must be used, why it
  2857. may not be used, and why it is optional in different kinds of sentences.
  2858. In the first sentence of exchange U, the use of the bǎ construction is
  2859. optional. You may also say Qǐng ni gàosong wo nínde diànhuà hàomǎr. The
  2860. sentence fulfills the requirements for the optional use of bǎ but has
  2861. none of the features which make the use of bǎ a necessity. Let’s look
  2862. more closely at these different requirements and features.
  2863. - a. What conditions are necessary for the use of bǎ?
  2864. - (1) The object of bǎ must be acted on. In other words, the action
  2865. must be performed on the object of bǎ. In the first sentence of
  2866. exchange U, nínde diànhuà hàomǎr undergoes the action gàosong. More
  2867. obvious examples are
  2868. Tā bǎ dìtú náchulai le. He took out the map.
  2869. (MAP UNDERGOES BEING TAKEN OUT)
  2870. Tā bǎ tāde chē mài le. He sold his car.
  2871. (CAR UNDERGOES BEING SOLD)
  2872. Tā bǎ neige Zhōngguo zì He wrote that Chinese character on xiě zai
  2873. hēibǎnshang le. the chalkboard.
  2874. (CHINESE CHARACTER UNDERGOES BEING WRITTEN ON THE BOARD)
  2875. UNDERGOER OF THE ACTION means that the object is influenced by the
  2876. action in some way. In "I saw Mr. Wang yesterday," Mr. Wang is not
  2877. considered to be the undergoer of the action.
  2878. - (2) The verb must be an action verb (such as gàosong in exchange U).
  2879. Bǎ is not used with state and process verbs. For example, you may
  2880. not use bǎ with yǒu, zhǐdao, xǐhuan, ài, xiǎng, huì, or dong.
  2881. - (3) The object of bǎ must refer to something specific (such as nínde
  2882. diànhuà hàomǎr in exchange U): which telephone number? your
  2883. telephone number (The questioner knows which number he is referring
  2884. to, even though he does not know what the number is.) Often the
  2885. object of bǎ must be translated into English with the definite
  2886. article "the":
  2887. Qǐng ni bǎ huāpíng gěi wo. Please give me the vase. (NOT "a vase")
  2888. Tā ba liǎngzhāng piào gěi He gave me the two tickets. (NOT wo le.
  2889.                       ’’Cany] two tickets")
  2890. (U) The verb phrase must be complex. Here are examples of the ways in
  2891. which a verb phrase can be made complex so that bǎ may be used:
  2892. (ASPECT MARKER)
  2893. Tā bǎ tāde chēzi mài le.
  2894. (REDUPLICATED VERB)
  2895. Qīng ni bǎ piào huànhuan.
  2896. (COMPOUND VERB)
  2897. Tā bǎ wǒde dìzhī xiěxia-lai le.
  2898. Nī bǎ xíngli nāshang chē qu ba.
  2899. Women zuǒtiān yījīng bǎ zhèijiàn shi shuōhǎo le.
  2900. Wǒ xiān bǎ zhèige xiěwǎn zài zǒu.
  2901. Nī bǎ wǒde míngzi xiěcuò le.
  2902. (MANNER EXPRESSION AFTER THE VERB)
  2903. Nī bǎ zhèige zì xiěde tài dà le.
  2904. Tā bǎ zhèijiàn shi shuōde hen qīngchu.
  2905. He sold his car.
  2906. Please exchange the tickets.
  2907. He wrote down my address.
  2908. Take the baggage onto the train.
  2909. We agreed on this matter yesterday
  2910. I will finish writing this first and then leave.
  2911. You wrote my name wrong.
  2912. You wrote this character too large
  2913. He talked very clearly about this.
  2914. (PREPOSITIONAL VERB PHRASE AFTER THE VERB)
  2915. Bǎ píjiǔ fang zai zhuōzi-shang.
  2916. Wǒ bǎ chē ting zai nèibian děng nín.
  2917. (INDIRECT OBJECT AFTER THE VERB) Lī Xiānsheng bǎ zìdiǎn gěi xuésheng le.
  2918. (NUMBER PLUS COUNTER AFTER THE VERB)
  2919. Qīng ni zài bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr niàn yícì.
  2920. Qīng ni bǎ zhèige kàn yixia.
  2921. Put the beer on the table.
  2922. I will park the car over there and wait for you.
  2923. Mr. Lī has given the dictionaries to the students.
  2924. Please read his telephone number aloud once more.
  2925. Please take a look at this. (OR "Please read this over.")
  2926. In the first sentence of exchange U, the verb phrase is made complex by
  2927. having an indirect object after the verb: bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr
  2928. gàosong wǒ
  2929. - b. When MUST bǎ be used?
  2930. The examples above which require the use of bǎ are those with a
  2931. prepositional verb phrase after the verb, those with a manner expression
  2932. after the verb, and most of the sentences under the heading "Compound
  2933. Verb. In these examples, the object may not be placed between the verb
  2934. and the element which follows.
  2935. - c. When can't bā be used?
  2936. Bǎ cannot normally be used in a sentence if the verb is not an action
  2937. verb, if the verb describes perception (like kànjian and tingjian), if
  2938. the object is not the undergoer of the action, if the object is
  2939. indefinite, or if the verb is a simple verb. Here are some examples of
  2940. sentences in which bā cannot be used:
  2941. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2942. | Wo mǎile yíge shōuyīnjī. | I bought a radio. (INDEFINITE |
  2943. | | OBJECT) |
  2944. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2945. | Wǒ kànjian ta le. | I saw him. |
  2946. | | |
  2947. | | (PERCEPTION VERB EkànJianJ; |
  2948. | | OBJECT DOES NOT UNDERGO ACTION) |
  2949. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2950. | Wǒ xiǎng kàn zhèiběn shū. | I would like to read this book. |
  2951. | | (SIMPLE VERB) |
  2952. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2953. | Wǒ yǒu hěn duō wàiguo | I have a lot of foreign friends. |
  2954. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2955. | pengyou. | (yǒu NOT ACTION VERB) |
  2956. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2957. | Wǒ zhīdào zhèijiàn shi. | I know of this matter, (zhīdào |
  2958. | | NOT ACTION VERB) |
  2959. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2960. | d. What is the motivation for | using bā? |
  2961. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  2962. Bǎ is used when the verb phrase gives more new important information
  2963. than the object does. The Chinese prefer to place that important verb
  2964. phrase in final position in a sentence, where the phrase will be
  2965. prominent. Bǎ performs the function of taking the object out of the way
  2966. (to the beginning of a sentence) and allowing the verb phrase to have
  2967. its full impact.
  2968. e. To make a bǎ sentence negative, place the negative adverb in front of
  2969. bǎ (NOT in front of the main verb).
  2970. Tā méi bǎ zhuōzi bānchuqu. He did not move the table out.
  2971. Nī bù bǎ ròu⁸ fàng zai How can it do for you not to put bīngxiāngli
  2972. zěnme xíng? the meat in the refrigerator?
  2973. (How can you not put the meat in the refrigerator?)
  2974. 5. C: Duìbuqī, nī gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà, wS bú zài.
  2975. C: Nī yǒu shi ma?
  2976. A: Shi a.' Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhěole míngtiān shídiǎn dào nín
  2977. bàngōngshì qu tántan.
  2978. I'm sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn't in.
  2979. Can I help you with something?
  2980. Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your
  2981. office at ten o'clock tomorrow for a talk.
  2982. Notes on No. 5
  2983. Gāngcái means "just now," "a short time ago." It may, like other time
  2984. words, either precede or follow the subject of a sentence.
  2985. Tā gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà He called me a short time ago. le.
  2986. Gāngcái tā gěi wo dā diànhuà le.
  2987. The one-syllable adverb gāng, "Just," always follows the subject of a
  2988. sentence.
  2989. Tā gāng gěi wo dā diànhuà. He just called me.
  2990. Ni gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà, wǒ bú zài, literally, "You called me just
  2991. now, I wasn’t in":To the first clause (Nī gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà),
  2992. you could add -de shihou, "when." Even without -de shihou, the
  2993. relationship between the two clauses is still very close. Colloquially,
  2994. no pause is needed between them. Here is a similar sentence:
  2995. Gāngcái wǒ qù zhāo ni, nī I just went to look for you, but you bú zài.
  2996.                         weren’t there.
  2997. Něitiān literally means "that day." It is the Chinese equivalent of "the
  2998. other day."
  2999. Yuēhāo is a compound verb of result: yuē, "to arrange a meeting," "to
  3000. make an appointment," plus hāo, "successfully complete."
  3001. Gēn means "with" in the last sentence of exchange 5-
  3002. Bàngōngshì: Bàngōng (literally, "manage work") is frequently used for
  3003. "do work in an office." A bàngōngshì is a room where office work is
  3004. done, or an "office."
  3005. 6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zāoshang wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suōyi xiǎng
  3006. wèn nín women neng bu neng gāi dào xiàwǔ.
  3007. C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou?
  3008. A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiān zěnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?
  3009. C: Sìdiān bī sāndiān hāo. Wǒ sāndiān zhōng děi kāi huì.
  3010. A: Hāo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiān zhōng jiàn.
  3011. C: Hāo, wǒ sìdiān zhōng děng ni.
  3012. Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask
  3013. you whether we can change it Cthe appointment] to the afternoon.
  3014. What time in the afternoon?
  3015. What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient
  3016. for you?
  3017. Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three
  3018. o’clock.
  3019. All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.
  3020. All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock.
  3021. Notes on No. 6
  3022. YàojIn means "to be urgent," "to be important."
  3023. Yinwei.■.suoyi: When the first part of an English sentence begins with
  3024. the word "because," it is usually considered redundant to begin the
  3025. second part with "therefore." Thus the Chinese word suoyi, "therefore,"
  3026. in the first sentence of exchange 6, is not translated into English. In
  3027. Chinese, however, suoyi is commonly used after a clause beginning with
  3028. yīnwei, "because."
  3029. The verbs gǎi and huàn are both frequently translated as "to change."
  3030. Gǎi means "change" in the sense of "alter," and huàn means "change" in
  3031. the sense of "exchange."
  3032. Gǎi dào xiàwǔ, "change (it) to the afternoon": In this phrase, the
  3033. prepositional verb dào and its object xiàwǔ do not precede the verb;
  3034. they follow the verb. A dào, "to," phrase which precedes the main verb
  3035. in a sentence can be a scene setter, that is, you go "to" a place and
  3036. the action takes place there. Following the main verb in a sentence, a
  3037. dào phrase can indicate where something ends up as a result of the
  3038. action. In the first sentence of exchange 6, the appointment will END UP
  3039. in the afternoon. Here are some examples of dào phrases:
  3040. Tā dào càishichǎng mǎi cài He went to the market to buy qu le.
  3041.                          groceries. (SCENE SETTER)
  3042. Wǒ gāngcái dào wǔlōu zhao      Just now I went to the fifth floor
  3043. Chen Tàitai qu le.             to look for Mrs. Chen. (SCENE
  3044. SETTER)
  3045. Tā pǎo dào shānshang qu le. He ran to the top of the mountain. ("He"
  3046. ENDS UP ON THE MOUNTAINTOP.)
  3047. ----- --------------- -------------------------------
  3048. 7. hǎishi still
  3049. 8. wàiguo foreign, abroad
  3050. 9- wàiguo ren foreigner (non-Chinese)
  3051. 10. wǔzi (yìjiān) room
  3052. 11. yào one (telephone pronunciation)
  3053. ----- --------------- -------------------------------
  3054. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
  3055. Hǎishi means "still" in the sense of "as before." It is used in some of
  3056. the same ways that hǎi is used.
  3057. Sulrán tā you shíhou shuō Although he is sometimes impolite in huà bú
  3058. kèqi, késhi wǒ          his speech, I still like him.
  3059. haishi xìhuan ta.
  3060. Wǒ háishi bù dǒng "le” zěnme I still don’t understand how le is yòng.
  3061.                            used.
  3062. Wàiguo rén, "foreigner”: The use of this term is still generally based
  3063. on race rather than on citizenship. Even Chinese who are American
  3064. citizens living in the United States often refer to non-Chinese
  3065. Americans as wàiguo rén.
  3066. Wūzi, ’’room”: The counter for wūzi is -Jiān, which literally means
  3067. "interstice," "interval," "space," "room."
  3068. DRILLS
  3069. A. Expansion Drill
  3070. - 1. Speaker: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? (cue) LÍn Sizhǎng (Hello, is this
  3071. the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?)
  3072. - 2. Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wèi Shàoxiào
  3073. - 3. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? LÍn Kēzhǎng
  3074. - U. Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Bāoěr Xiānsheng
  3075. - 5. Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Lī Xiānsheng
  3076. - 6. Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Meng Tǒngzhì
  3077. - 7. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Zhāngnán Tǒngzhì
  3078. You: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.
  3079. (Hello, is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with
  3080. Department Chief LÍn.)
  3081. Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Wèi Shàoxiào shuō huà.
  3082. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínhāng ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn Kēzhǎng shuō huà.
  3083. Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Bāoěr Xiānsheng shuō huà.
  3084. Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Lī Xiānsheng shuō huà.
  3085. Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Mèng Tǒngzhì shuō huà.
  3086. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Zhāngnán Tǒngzhì shuō huà.
  3087. B. Expansion Drill
  3088. - 1. Speaker: Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai.
  3089. (i’ll see whether he is here or not.)
  3090. - 2. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang.
  3091. - 3. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā yǒu gōngfu meiyou.
  3092. - U. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou.
  3093. You: Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai.
  3094. (Please wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.)
  3095. Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang.
  3096. Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā you gōngfu meiyou.
  3097. Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou.
  3098. - 5. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule meiyou.
  3099. - 6. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou.
  3100. - 7. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou.
  3101. Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule meiyou.
  3102. Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou.
  3103. Qing ni děnyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou.
  3104. - C. Substitution Drill
  3105. - 1. Speaker: Láojià, bǎ nínde diàn- You: Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde
  3106. huà hàomǎr gàosong              diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.
  3107. wǒ.                            (Please tell me Mr. Wáng’s
  3108. (cue) Wáng Xiānsheng-           telephone number.)
  3109. de diànhuà hàomǎr
  3110. (Please tell me his telephone number.)
  3111. 2. Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde diànhuà
  3112. hàomǎr
  3113. 3. Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde dìzhì
  3114. U. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.    tāde bàngōngshìde
  3115. hàomǎr
  3116. - 5. Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.
  3117. tāde dìzhì
  3118. - 6. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ. nínde diànhuà hàomǎr
  3119. - 7. Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.
  3120. Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.
  3121. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.
  3122. Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.
  3123. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.
  3124. Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.
  3125. - D. Response Drill
  3126. - 1. Speaker: Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? You: Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.
  3127. (cue) not yet                 (I haven’t written it down
  3128. (Have you written it             yet.)
  3129. ---- ---- ---------------------- ------------ -------------------------
  3130. 2. Nī down?) xiěhǎo le ma? soon will Wǒ kuài xiěhǎo le.
  3131. 3. Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? already Wǒ yījīng xiěxiàlái le.
  3132. U. Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? not yet Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.
  3133. 5. Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? did not Wǒ méi xiěxiàlái.
  3134. 6. Nī xiěhǎo le ma? already Wǒ yījīng xiěhǎo le.
  3135. 7. Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? Yes, I did Wǒ xiěxiàlái le.
  3136. ---- ---- ---------------------- ------------ -------------------------
  3137. - E. Response Drill
  3138. - 1. Speaker: Ni gēn tā yuēhǎo le ma? (cue) tā bàngōngshì
  3139. (Did you make arrangements with him?)
  3140. - 2. Nī gēn Wang Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma? huǒchēzhàn
  3141. - 3. Nī gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le ma? wǒde bàngōngshì
  3142. U. Nī gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le ma? Wàijiāobù
  3143. - 5. Nī gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le ma? xuéxiào
  3144. - 6. Nī gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le ma?    tāde bàngōngshì
  3145. - 7. Nī gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma?    huìkèshì
  3146. You: Gēn tā yuēhǎo le, zài tā bàngōngshì jiàn.
  3147. (I made arrangements with him to meet at his office.)
  3148. Gēn Wang Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huǒchēzhàn Jiàn.
  3149. Gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le, zài wǒde bàngōngshì jiàn.
  3150. Gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le, zài Wàijiāobù jiàn.
  3151. Gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le, zài xuéxiào jiàn.
  3152. Gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le, zài tāde bàngōngshì jiàn.
  3153. Gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huìkèshì jiàn.
  3154. - F. Substitution Drill
  3155. You will need the word zhǔrèn, ’
  3156. - 1. Speaker: Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒmen yǒu yàojīnde shi, suóyi gǎidào
  3157. xiàwǔ le.
  3158. (cue) LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái
  3159. (Because we have some important business in the morning, we will have to
  3160. change to the afternoon.)
  3161. - 2. Yīnwei shàngwǔ LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. tā
  3162. zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì
  3163. - 3. Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
  3164. wǒ děi jiāo shū
  3165. U. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi Jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
  3166. wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù
  3167. - 5. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. wǒ
  3168. děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan
  3169. - 6. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi
  3170. gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
  3171. wǒ méi gōngfu
  3172. - 7. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
  3173. 'director,” in this exercise.
  3174. You: Yīnwei shàngwǔ LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
  3175. (Because Director LÍn cannot come in the morning, we will have to change
  3176. to the afternoon. )
  3177. Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
  3178. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi Jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwī le.
  3179. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
  3180. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi gǎidào
  3181. xiàwǔ le.
  3182. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
  3183. G. Substitution Drill
  3184. - 1. Speaker: Xiàwǔ sān-sìdiěn zěnmeyàng?
  3185. (cue) tā
  3186. (How is CHow about3 three or four in the afternoon?)
  3187. - 2. Tā zěnmeyàng? Táiwān
  3188. - 3. Taiwan zěnmeyàng?
  3189. Táiwānde Jīngji
  3190. U. Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng? nèige fàndiàn
  3191. - 5. Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng? zhèige xuéxiào
  3192. - 6. Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng? tāmen maide diànshì
  3193. - 7. Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?
  3194. You: Tā zěnmeyàng?
  3195. (How is he? CHow about him?3)
  3196. Táiwān zěnmeyàng?
  3197. Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng?
  3198. Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng?
  3199. Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng?
  3200. Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?
  3201. - H. Transformation Drill
  3202. - 1. Speaker? Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. (cue) when
  3203. (They are meeting tomorrow.)
  3204. - 2. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. where
  3205. - 3. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. when
  3206. - 4. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. where
  3207. - 5. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. how many hours
  3208. - 6. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. how long
  3209. - 7. Tāmen yījīng kāi hui le ma?
  3210. yes
  3211. You: Tāmen míngtiān shénme shíhou kāi hui?
  3212. (When are they meeting tomorrow?)
  3213. Tāmen míngtiān zài nār kāi hui?
  3214. Tāmen zuótiān shi shénme shíhou kāide hui?
  3215. Tāmen zuótiān shi zài nār kāide hui?
  3216. Tāmen míntiān kāi hui kāi jīge zhōngtóu?
  3217. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui kāile duó jiǔ?
  3218. Tāmen yījīng kāi hui le.
  3219. UNIT 6
  3220. REFERENCE LIST
  3221. (in Taipei)
  3222. - 1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
  3223. A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī ha.
  3224. - 2. B: Dōngménde cài kǒngpà meiyou Dàhuáde cài name hǎo ha.
  3225. A: Suírán hú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women zhèli jìn.
  3226. - 3. B: Ou, hǎi yǒu yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jìn.
  3227. B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēichāng hǎo.
  3228. B: Jīntiān wǒ. qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.
  3229. U. A: Nà hù hǎo yìsi!
  3230. B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài you hǎo you piānyi.
  3231. 5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.
  3232. B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài hiéde dìfang chīhuzháo.
  3233. Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?
  3234. All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant?
  3235. I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at
  3236. the Great China.
  3237. Even though it LEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.
  3238. Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.
  3239. The food there is extremely good.
  3240. Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.
  3241. I can’t let you do that!
  3242. (That would be too embarrassing!)
  3243. Don’t be polite. It’s nothing.
  3244. The food there is both good and cheap.
  3245. Any place you suggest is sure to be good.
  3246. They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other
  3247. places.
  3248. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  3249. 6. bù yídìng
  3250. 7. kànfa
  3251. not necessarily; it’s not definite opinion, view
  3252. ----- --------- ---------------------------------------
  3253. 8. wǎnfàn supper, dinner
  3254. 9. xiǎngfa idea, opinion
  3255. 10. yìxiē some, several, a few
  3256. 11. zǎofàn breakfast
  3257. 12. zuòfa way of doing things, method, practice
  3258. ----- --------- ---------------------------------------
  3259. []
  3260. Modern apartments in Shanghai
  3261. VOCABULARY
  3262. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3263. | biěde | other, different |
  3264. | | |
  3265. | "bù hǎo yìsi | to be embarrassing; to feel |
  3266. | | embarrassed |
  3267. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3268. | bù yídìng | not necessarily; it’s not |
  3269. | | definite |
  3270. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3271. | cài canting chībuzhǎo | food, cooked dish dining room; |
  3272. | | restaurant can’t find (to eat) |
  3273. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3274. | Dàhuǎ Canting | Great China Restaurant East Gate |
  3275. | | Restaurant |
  3276. | Dōngmén Canting | |
  3277. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3278. | fēichǎng | very, extremely, highly |
  3279. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3280. | gèng | even more |
  3281. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3282. | hǎoxiē | a good many, a lot |
  3283. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3284. | kànfa | opinion, view |
  3285. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3286. | meiyou.. .nàme/zhème | is not as...as... |
  3287. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3288. | suírǎn(suīrǎn)...kěshi... | although, even |
  3289. | | though...(still)... |
  3290. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3291. | wǎnfàn | supper, dinner |
  3292. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3293. | xiǎngfa | idea, opinion |
  3294. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3295. | yídìng yìxiē you...you... | certainly |
  3296. | | |
  3297. | | some, several, a few |
  3298. | | |
  3299. | | both...and... |
  3300. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3301. | zǎofàn zhōngfàn zuòfa | breakfast |
  3302. | | |
  3303. | | lunch |
  3304. | | |
  3305. | | way of doing things, method, |
  3306. | | practice |
  3307. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3308. (introduced on C-2 tape)
  3309. ------------- ------------------------------
  3310. ānpaihǎo le successfully arranged
  3311. -bù (counter for cars and buses)
  3312. chūfā to start a journey
  3313. jiāoqū suburbs
  3314. ------------- ------------------------------
  3315. ------------- ------------------------------------------
  3316. lǎoshi always, all the time
  3317. lián...(yě) even.•.(also)
  3318. Shísānlíng Ming Tombs (literally, "Thirteen Tombs")
  3319. yěcān picnic
  3320. yǒu míng to be famous
  3321. Yúyuàn Szechuan Garden
  3322. zhāodài to he hospitable to
  3323. ------------- ------------------------------------------
  3324. REFERENCE NOTES
  3325. 1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
  3326. A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cāntīng qù chī ha.
  3327. Let’s go have lunch together today Okay?
  3328. All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant?
  3329. Note on No. 1
  3330. Zhōngfàn means, literally, "middle meal." "Breakfast" is zǎofàn, "early
  3331. meal." "Supper" is wǎnfàn, "late meal."
  3332. 2. B: Dōngménde cài kongpà méiyou Dàhuáde cài nàme hǎo ha.
  3333. A: Suírán hú tài hǎo, késhi lí women zhèli jin.
  3334. I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at
  3335. the Great China.
  3336. Even though it [East Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.
  3337. Notes on No. 2
  3338. Cài, "(nonstaple) food," "dish," "course (of a meal)": Literally, cài
  3339. means "vegetables." It refers to any dish that is eaten with rice. Both
  3340. meat and vegetable dishes are included in the meaning.
  3341. The pattern ...(méi)you...nàme... is used to make one thing is LESS than
  3342. another.
  3343. STATE VERB ADJECTIVAL
  3344. comparisons
  3345. (OFTEN
  3346. VERB)
  3347. when
  3348. 1 + méiyou + 2 + nàme/zhème +
  3349. ---- -------- ---- ------ -----------
  3350. Tā méiyou nǐ nàme mang.
  3351. Wǒ méiyou tā nàme cōngming.
  3352. Tā méiyou wǒ nàme you qiān.
  3353. ---- -------- ---- ------ -----------
  3354. Used less frequently without the negative méi-, the pattern means "to be
  3355. as Equality] AS [something else!."
  3356. Nīde shū méiyou wǒde shū nàme duō.
  3357. Yǒu.
  3358. Neige xuéxiàode túshūguǎn yǒu zhèige xuéxiàode zhème hǎo ma?
  3359. Your books are not as many as mine. (You don’t have as many books as I
  3360. do.)
  3361. Yes, they are. (Yes, I do have as many books as you do.)
  3362. Is that school’s library as good as this one’s?
  3363. Suírán...kěshi...: Suírán (or suīrán), "although," must always be
  3364. followed by kěshi or danshi, meaning "but," in the second part of a
  3365. sentence. Kěshi/danshi would not usually be translated into English, but
  3366. sometimes the word "still" is included in the translation: "Although
  3367. it’s not too good, still it’s close to us." Suírán may either precede
  3368. the subject or be placed between the subject and the verb of a sentence.
  3369. Suirán tā xihuan lùxíng, kěshi tā méi qùguo Zhōngguo.
  3370. Tā suirán jiǎngle hǎojīcì, kěshi wǒ háishi bù dǒng.
  3371. Wǒ suirán méi kànjianguo, kěshi ting rén shuōguo.
  3372. Although she likes to travel, she has never been to China.
  3373. Although he explained it many times, I still didn’t understand.
  3374. Although I have never seen it, I have heard of it.
  3375. 3. B: Ou, hái yǒu yíge xln kāide fànguanzi lí women zhèli gèng Jìn.
  3376. B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng hǎo.
  3377. B: Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.
  3378. Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.
  3379. The food there is exceptionally good.
  3380. Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.
  3381. Notes on No. 3
  3382. Xīn kāide: The adjectival verb xln, "new," means "newly," "recently"
  3383. when used as an adverb.
  3384. Gèng, "more," "even more," "still more"
  3385. Zài līngshiguǎn gōngzuòde rén bī dàshiguǎn gèng duō.
  3386. Lu píngguǒ hěn guì, hong píngguǒ gèng guì.
  3387. Zhāng Tíngfēng shuōde Zhōngguo huà, Zhōngguo rén hěn nán tīngdedǒng,
  3388. wàiguo rén yídìng gèng nán.
  3389. More people work at the consulates than at the embassy.
  3390. Green apples are expensive; red apples are even more expensive.
  3391. Zhāng Ting Feng's Chinese is hard for Chinese people to understand for a
  3392. foreigner, it would certainly be even harder.
  3393. An overview of comparison: You have now learned several ways to compare
  3394. things. The patterns presented here are the most common ones. Each
  3395. pattern has a standard purpose:
  3396. (MORE)
  3397. ...bl... (STATE VERB)
  3398. (LESS)
  3399. ...meiyou...name (STATE VERB)
  3400. (EQUAL)
  3401. ...gēn...yíyàng      (STATE VERB)
  3402. A simple adjectival verb may also be used to make a comparison:
  3403. Zhèi liǎngběn, nēiběn guì? Which of these two books is more expensive?
  3404. For each of the three patterns above (MORE—LESS—EQUAL), the comparison
  3405. is made with a STATE verb. State verbs include adjectival verbs (hāo,
  3406. "to be good"), auxiliary verbs (hui, "to know how to," "can"), and verbs
  3407. describing mental attitudes or situations (zhidào, "to know"; xīhuan,
  3408. "to like"; ài, "to love").
  3409. Tā bì wo ài chī Zhōngguo fàn. He loves to eat Chinese food more than I.
  3410. Zhèijiàn shìqing, nī bī tā You know more about this than he does,
  3411. zhīdào.
  3412. Tā meiyou wǒ zhème xīhuan He doesn’t like to see movies as kàn diànyīng.
  3413.                   much as I do.
  3414. Although the verb phrase begins with a state verb, that may not be the
  3415. only word in the comparison. It may be expanded to include other verbs
  3416. (any type) and objects.
  3417. The things being compared may also be expanded. Whole sentences may be
  3418. placed in the slots for things compared:
  3419. Zuò huochē meiyou zuò fēijī Going by train is not as fast as nàme kuài.
  3420.                      going by plane.
  3421. Wǒ xuē Zhōngwén bī tā xué It’s easier for him, studying history, lìshī
  3422. rōngyi.                   than it is for me, studying Chinese.
  3423. Although the prepositional verb bī is used to say that one thing is
  3424. "more" than another, do not use the negative of this pattern to say that
  3425. something is "less."
  3426. Tā bī tā gēge néng shuō huà. He is a better talker (smoother talker)
  3427. than his older brother.
  3428. This pattern may also be expanded to indicate Just HOW MUCH more one
  3429. thing is than another. (Place the amount after the verb in a sentence.)
  3430. Zhèiběn bī nèiběn guì sānkuài This book is three dollars more qián.
  3431.                           expensive than that one.
  3432. Wǒ bī tā dà liǎngsuì.          I am two years older than she is.
  3433. Another way to indicate how much more is to add -de duō, "a lot," to an
  3434. adjectival verb.
  3435. Zhèige bī nèige hǎokànde duō! This is much better looking than that!
  3436. Use the pattern ...meiyou...nàme + state verb to say that one thing is
  3437. less than another.
  3438. Wǒde zì méiyou tāde nàme My characters don’t look as good as hāokàn.
  3439.                          his.
  3440. Tā xiǎng māide fángzi méiyou The house she wants to buy isn't as zhèige
  3441. fángzi jin.              close as this one.
  3442. The affirmative pattern ...you...nàme + state verb is ambiguous: it says
  3443. that one item is AT LEAST AS expensive as another item which is either
  3444. equally expensive or less expensive. This pattern is not as common as
  3445. ...méiyou...nàme + state verb.
  3446. The adverbs gèng, "even more," and zuì, "most," are easily used to
  3447. compare more than two things. (Place these adverbs before the verb in a
  3448. sentence.)
  3449. Zhèi liāngběn hen guì, kěshi These two books are very expensive, nèiběn
  3450. gèng guì.                but that one is even more expensive.
  3451. DÌyīběn bl dìèrběn guì, kěshi The first book is more expensive than
  3452. dìsānběn zuì guì.               that one, but the third one is the
  3453. most expensive.
  3454. If the entire sentence involves a comparison of the three books, the
  3455. speaker may single out the most expensive book with zuì, or sometimes
  3456. without it.
  3457. Zhèi sānběn shū, nèibén guì? Of these three books, which is the (most)
  3458. expensive one?
  3459. Zhèiběn zuì guì.                This one is the most expensive.
  3460. U. A: Nà bù hāo yìsi.’
  3461. B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài yǒu hāo yòu piányi.
  3462. I can't let you do that! (That would be too embarrassing!)
  3463. Don't be polite. It's nothing. The food there is both good and cheap.
  3464. Notes on No. U
  3465. Bù hāo yìsi is an idiomatic phrase meaning "to be embarrassing." In
  3466. Chinese culture, treating someone to a meal both shows your respect for
  3467. him and maintains your status as a generous host. In exchange U, Nà bù
  3468. hāo yìsi means "I’m embarrassed to have you show me so much respect," or
  3469. "I’m em-barrassed to appear to be too cheap to treat you." Bù hāo yìsi
  3470. also means "to feel embarrassed."
  3471. Yǒu...yòu..., "both...and.: The element following each yòu may be as
  3472. simple as an adjectival verb or as complex as a full verb phrase.
  3473. Tā háizi yòu huì shuō Yíngwén, His child can speak both English and yòu
  3474. huì shuō Zhōngguo huà. Chinese.
  3475. 5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.
  3476. B: Tāmen nǎli you haoxiē cǎi biéde dìfang chībuzháo.
  3477. Any place you suggest is sure to be good.
  3478. They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other
  3479. places.
  3480. Notes on No. 5
  3481. Yídìng, "certainly," can act as (ADVERB)
  3482. Tā yídìng lǎi.
  3483. Wǒ bù yídìng qù.
  3484. Wǒ hái bù yídìng qù.
  3485. (ADJECTIVAL VERB)
  3486. Nī néitiān qù?
  3487. Hái bù yídìng.
  3488. Nǎ shi yídìngde.
  3489. either an adverb or an adjectival verb
  3490. He will definitely come.
  3491. It’s not certain that I will go.
  3492. It’s not yet certain that I will go
  3493. On what day are you going there? It’s not certain yet.
  3494. That’s for sure.
  3495. Hǎoxiē means "a good many" or "a lot." You have seen -xiē, "several,
  3496. "some," in zhèixie, "these," and nèixie, "those." The element -xiē also
  3497. occurs in yìxiē, "some," "a few": Shūjiàzishang hái yǒu yìxiē shū,
  3498. "There are still a few books on the bookcase."
  3499. Biéde is the word for "other" in the sense of "a different one." LÌngwǎi
  3500. is the word for "other" when you mean "an additional one."
  3501. Chībuzháo: In this compound verb of result, the ending -zháo indicates
  3502. success in obtaining something. Here are some examples of compounds
  3503. ending in -zháo:
  3504. Wǒ zhǎobuzháo tāde diànhuà I cannot find his phone number, hàomǎr.
  3505. Jīntiān méi mǎizháo píngguǒ. I did not succeed in buying apples today.
  3506. ----- ----------- ---------------------------------------
  3507. 6. bù yídìng not necessarily; it’s not definite
  3508. 7. kànfa opinion, view
  3509. 8. wǎnfàn supper, dinner
  3510. 9- xiǎngfa idea, opinion
  3511. 10. yìxiē some, several, a few
  3512. 11. zǎofàn breakfast
  3513. 12. zuòfa way of doing things, method, practice
  3514. ----- ----------- ---------------------------------------
  3515. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
  3516. Kànfa, "opinion,” ’’view," may be loosely translated as "way of looking
  3517. at things." The word is made up of kàn, to look," and fǎ, "method,"
  3518. "way."
  3519. Women duì zhèijiàn shìde Our opinions on this matter are not kànfa bù
  3520. yíyàng.                the same.
  3521. Xiǎngfa, "idea," "opinion," is made up of xiǎng, "to think," and fǎ,
  3522. "method, "way." Xiǎngfa is a "way of thinking." The word is actually
  3523. pronounced xiǎngfa.
  3524. Tāde xiǎngfa gēn wǒde yíyàng. His way of thinking is the same as mine.
  3525. Zuòfa, "way of doing things," "method," "practice," is made up of the
  3526. verb zuò, "to do," and fǎ, "method," "way."
  3527. Níde mùdi hen hǎo, kěshi wǒ Your goal is good, but I don’t like bù
  3528. xǐhuan nǐde zuòfa.          your methods.
  3529. DRILLS
  3530. A. Response Drill
  3531. - 1. Speaker: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
  3532. (Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?)
  3533. OR Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.
  3534. (Today I am inviting you to go to eat lunch.)
  3535. - 2. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
  3536. - 3. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.
  3537. - H. Xīngqīwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
  3538. 5. Xīngqīliù wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.
  3539. 6. Míngtiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
  3540. You; Hǎo, Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni.
  3541. (All right. Today I’m inviting you.)
  3542. Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.
  3543. (Don’t be so polite. Let’s Just go together and split the bill.)
  3544. Hǎo, míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni.
  3545. Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.
  3546. Hǎo, Xīngqīwǔ wǒ qīng ni.
  3547. Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.
  3548. Hǎo, míngtiān wǒ qīng ni.
  3549. B: Transformation Drill
  3550. - 1. Speaker: Nèige ròu bī zhèige ròu hǎo.
  3551. (This meat is better than that meat.)
  3552. - 2. Xīnde bī Jiùde hǎo.
  3553. - 3. Dàhuǎde cài bī Dōngménde cài hǎo.
  3554. You: Zhèige ròu méiyou nèige ròu nàme hǎo.
  3555. (This meat is not as good as that meat.)
  3556. Jiùde méiyou xīnde nàme hǎo.
  3557. Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài nàme hǎo.
  3558. U. Tāde qiān bǐ wǒde qian duō.
  3559. - 5. Nèige ròu bǐ zhèige ròu guì.
  3560. - 6. Jiù shū bǐ xīn shū piányi.
  3561. - 7. Tā kāi chē bǐ wo kāide kuài.
  3562. Wǒde qiān meiyou tāde qiān name duō.
  3563. Zhèige ròu meiyou nèige ròu name guì.
  3564. Xīn shū meiyou j iù shū name piányi.
  3565. Wǒ kāi chē meiyou tā kāide name kuài
  3566. - C. Combination Drill
  3567. - 1. Speaker: Bu tài hǎo. Lí women Jiā jìn.
  3568. (It is not too good.
  3569. It is close to us.)
  3570. OR Hen hao. Lí women jiā tài yuan.
  3571. (It is very good. It is too far from us.)
  3572. - 2. Bu tài fāngbian. Lí women Jiā jìn.
  3573. - 3. Bu tài piányi. LÍ women j iā Jìn.
  3574. 1. Hěn piányi. Lí women jiā tài yuan.
  3575. 5. Hěn hǎo. Lí women Jiā tài yuan.
  3576. 6. Bu tài hǎo. Lí women Jiā hěn Jìn.
  3577. You: Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.
  3578. (Even though it is not too good it is close to us.)
  3579. Suírán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.
  3580. (Even though it is very good, it is too far from us.)
  3581. Suirán bú tài fāngbian, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.
  3582. Suirán bú tài piányi, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.
  3583. Suirán hěn piányi, kěshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.
  3584. Suirán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí women Jiā tài yuǎn.
  3585. Suirán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā hěn Jìn.
  3586. - D. Transformation Drill
  3587. - 1. Speaker: Nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr hen jin. (cue) zhèige
  3588. (That restaurant is very close to here.)
  3589. - 2. Tā jiā lí zhèr hen jin. wǒ jiā
  3590. - 3. Nèige yínháng lí zhèr hen yuan. Zhōngguo Yínháng
  3591. H. Wǔlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr hen yuan, nèige Qìchēzhàn
  3592. 5. Wuguānchù lí zhèr hen yuan. Dàshiguǎn
  3593. 6. Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr hen jin. Gōnglùjú chēzhàn
  3594. T. Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr hen yuǎn. Lī Jiàoshòu jiā
  3595. You: Zhèige fànguǎnzi bī nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr gèng jin. (This
  3596. restaurant is even closer to here than that restaurant.)
  3597. Wǒ jiā bī tā jiā lí zhèr gèng jin.
  3598. Zhōngguo Yínháng bī nèige yínháng lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
  3599. Nèige Qìchēzhàn bī Wūlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
  3600. Dàshiguǎn bī Wuguānchù lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
  3601. Gōnglùjú chēzhàn bī Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng jin.
  3602. Lī Jiàoshòu Jiā bī Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
  3603. - E. Transformation Drill
  3604. - 1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.
  3605. (cue) the same
  3606. (Both Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng have money Care rich].)
  3607. - 2. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián. more
  3608. - 3. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.    less
  3609. U. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.    even more
  3610. You: Zhāng Xiǎojiě gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yíyàng you qián.
  3611. (Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng are equally rich.)
  3612. Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wáng Xiānsheng you qián.
  3613. Zhāng Xiǎojiě meiyou Wáng Xiānsheng name you qián.
  3614. Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wáng Xiānsheng gèng you qián.
  3615. - 5- Zhang Xiǎojiěde qián, Wang Xiānshengde qián dōu hen duō. the same
  3616. - 6. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Xiānshengde qián dōu hen duō. less
  3617. - 7. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō. even
  3618. more
  3619. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián gēn Wáng Xiānshengde qián yíyàng duō.
  3620. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián méiyou Wáng Xiānshengde qián nàme duō.
  3621. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián hi Wáng Xiānshengde qián gèng duo.
  3622. - F. Substitution Drill
  3623. - 1. Speaker: Nīmen zhèrde cài hěn hǎo.
  3624. (cue) exceptionally (Your food here is
  3625. very good.)
  3626. - 2. Nímen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo. extremely
  3627. - 3. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. a little (more)
  3628. U. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn. even more
  3629. - 5. Nímen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo. extremely
  3630. - 6. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. expecially
  3631. - 7. Nímen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.
  3632. You: Nímen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo.
  3633. (Your food here is exceptionally good.)
  3634. ------------------------------
  3635. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.
  3636. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn.
  3637. Nímen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo.
  3638. Nimen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.
  3639. Nimen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.
  3640. ------------------------------
  3641. - G. Combination Drill
  3642. - 1. Speaker: Zhèiběn shū hěn hǎo. Zhèiběn shū hěn pianyi.
  3643. (This book is good. This book is inexpensive.)
  3644. - 2. Nǐ maide dìtú hěn hǎo. Nǐ mǎide dìtú hěn piányi.
  3645. - 3. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn hǎo. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn dà.
  3646. U. Nèibān fēijī hěn kuài. Nèibān fēijī hěn piányi.
  3647. - 5. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn hǎo. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn fāngbian.
  3648. - 6. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn jìn. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn piányi.
  3649. - 7. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn piányi. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn hǎo.
  3650. You: Zhèiběn shū you hǎo you piányi (This book is both good and
  3651. inexpensive.)
  3652. Nǐ mǎide dìtú you hǎo you piányi.
  3653. Tā zhùde fàndiàn you hǎo you dà.
  3654. Nèibān fēijī you kuài you piányi.
  3655. Zuò huǒchē qù you hǎo you fāngbian.
  3656. Zhège fànguǎnzi yòu jìn you piányi.
  3657. Tā mǎide dìtǎn yòu piányi yòu hǎo.
  3658. - H. Expansion Drill
  3659. - 1. Speaker: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo.
  3660. (cue) chī
  3661. (The meat here is exceptionally good.)
  3662. - 2. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. mǎi
  3663. - 3. Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo. mǎi
  3664. k. Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo. kàn
  3665. - 5. Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō.
  3666. kàn
  3667. You: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang chībuzháo.
  3668. (The meat here is exceptionally good. You can’t find anything like it
  3669. anywhere else.)
  3670. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.
  3671. Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.
  3672. Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang kànbuzháo.
  3673. Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō, biéde dìfang kànbuzháo.
  3674. - 6. Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo. mǎi
  3675. - 7. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. chi
  3676. Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.
  3677. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang chībuzháo.
  3678. []
  3679. Drying rice in front of a temple in central Taiwan
  3680. UNIT 7
  3681. REFERENCE LIST
  3682. (in Taipei)
  3683. - 1. B:  Wèi.
  3684. - A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?
  3685. - 2. B:  Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bai
  3686. Nushì?
  3687. - A:  Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ
  3688. yǒu yíjiàn shi xiang gēn nín dating dating.
  3689. - 3. B: Shénme shi?
  3690. - A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, shi gāng
  3691. pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.
  3692. - 4. B: Bú cuò, Fāng Deming shi shàngge libài pài dào women zhèli
  3693. láide.
  3694. - B: Zěnme? Ni rènshi ta ma?
  3695. - 5. A: Bú rènshi.
  3696. - A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suoyi xiǎng qīng
  3697. ni gěi wo Jièshao jièshao.
  3698. - 6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan... hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu.
  3699. - B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma?
  3700. - 7. A: Xíng.
  3701. - A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì lái.
  3702. A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu Jiù dào.
  3703. Hello.
  3704. Is this Mr. Zhāng?
  3705. Yes. Is this Miss White?
  3706. Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something I would like to ask you about.
  3707. What is it?
  3708. I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng Join you, who has Just
  3709. been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name.
  3710. That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent over here last week.
  3711. Why? Do you know him?
  3712. I don’t know him.
  3713. However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of
  3714. California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him.
  3715. No problem. I'll take a look.... Okay, we are both free now.
  3716. Can you come now?
  3717. That will be fine.
  3718. I’ll come to your office right away.
  3719. I'll be there in about half an hour.
  3720. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  3721. ----- ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  3722. 8. jìde to remember
  3723. 9. rénde to recognize, to know (alternate word for rènshi)
  3724. 10. rènshi zì to know how to read (literally, ”to
  3725. recognize characters")
  3726. 11. wang to forget (alternate word for wàngj: especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)
  3727. 12. wánquán completely
  3728. 13. xiǎngqilai to think of, to remember
  3729. 14. zuǒyòu approximat ely
  3730. ----- ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  3731. VOCABULARY
  3732. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3733. | bìyè bú cuò | to graduate not bad, pretty good; |
  3734. | | that’s right almost, about, |
  3735. | chàbuduō | approximately |
  3736. | | |
  3737. | dating | to inquire about, to ask about |
  3738. | | |
  3739. | J ide | to remember immediately (there’s) |
  3740. | | no problem |
  3741. | mǎshàng mei wèntí | |
  3742. | | to send to to send here |
  3743. | pài dào pàilai | |
  3744. | | to recognize, to know to |
  3745. | rènde | recognize, to know to know how to |
  3746. | | read (literally, ”to recognize |
  3747. | rènshi | characters”) |
  3748. | | |
  3749. | rènshi zì | to hear that |
  3750. | | |
  3751. | tīngshuō | to forget to forget completely |
  3752. | | problem, question |
  3753. | wàng wàngj i wánquán wèntí | |
  3754. | | to think of, to remember |
  3755. | xiǎngqilai | approximat ely |
  3756. | | |
  3757. | zuǒyòu | to be intelligent much more maybe |
  3758. | | World Bank to take a vacation |
  3759. | (introduced on C-2 tape) | graduate school if it’s |
  3760. | | not...then it will be... to be |
  3761. | cōngming | hardworking the beginning of the |
  3762. | | month the end of the month |
  3763. | duōde duō | |
  3764. | | |
  3765. | kěnéng | |
  3766. | | |
  3767. | Shìjiè Yínháng | |
  3768. | | |
  3769. | xiū Jià | |
  3770. | | |
  3771. | yanjiuyuàn | |
  3772. | | |
  3773. | yàobushi...Jiù shi... | |
  3774. | | |
  3775. | yònggōng | |
  3776. | | |
  3777. | yuèchū | |
  3778. | | |
  3779. | yuèdǐ | |
  3780. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3781. REFERENCE NOTES
  3782. 1.  B:  Wèi.
  3783. A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?
  3784. 2.  B:  Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bái
  3785. Nushì?
  3786. A:  Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ
  3787. yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.
  3788. Hello.
  3789. Is this Mr. Zhāng?
  3790. Yes. Is this Miss White?
  3791. Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something
  3792. I would like to ask you about.
  3793. Notes on Nos. 1-2
  3794. Gēn nín dating, "ask information from you": Note that the prepositional
  3795. verb gēn is translated as "from." Dating, "to inquire," is less formal
  3796. than qǐngjiào and requests information rather than advice.
  3797. Objects of reduplicated verbs: Reduplicated verbs may be followed only
  3798. by DEFINITE objects. Indefinite objects of reduplicated verbs precede
  3799. those verbs. In the last sentence of exchange 2, the object of the
  3800. reduplicated verb dating dating is indefinite: yíjiàn shi, "a matter"
  3801. Thus the object is introduced in the clause wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi which
  3802. precedes the entire verb phrase xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.
  3803. Reduplicating a verb makes it indefinite; adding an indefinite object
  3804. might cause confusion. The reduplicated verbs in the sentences below
  3805. have definite objects:
  3806. Wǒ xiǎng dating
  3807. gēn nín dǎting nèijiàn shi.
  3808. I
  3809. would
  3810. like to
  3811. ask you about that.
  3812. Wǒ xiǎng dǎting
  3813. gēn nín dǎting zhèijiàn shi.
  3814. I
  3815. would
  3816. like to
  3817. ask you about this.
  3818. Wǒ xiǎng dǎt ing
  3819. gēn nín dǎting tāde shi.
  3820. I
  3821. would like to matter (about
  3822. ask you about his him).
  3823. Wǒ xiǎng dǎting
  3824. gēn nín dǎting nǐde nèijiàn shi.
  3825. I
  3826. would like to ask you about that matter of yours.
  3827. Simple verbs are used in the following sentences, which have indefinite
  3828. objects:
  3829. -------------------------- ----- ------------ --- ----------------------- ---- ----- ----- ------- -------
  3830. Wǒ xiǎng gēn yìdiǎn shi. nín dǎt ing I would like thing. to ask you about some-
  3831. Wǒ xiǎng gēn duō shi. nín dǎting hěn I would like of things. to ask you about a lot
  3832. Wo xiǎng gēn Jijiàn shi. nín dǎting I would like things. to ask you about a few
  3833. -------------------------- ----- ------------ --- ----------------------- ---- ----- ----- ------- -------
  3834. 3. B: Shénme shi?
  3835. A: Tīngshuō nín nabian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng, shi gang
  3836. pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.
  3837. What is it?
  3838. I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just
  3839. been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name.
  3840. Notes on No. 3
  3841. Tīngshuō corresponds to the English "I hear that....”
  3842. ...laile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, ’’there came a Mr. Fāng”: While "a" and
  3843. ’’the" are used in English to distinguish between indefinite and
  3844. definite, word order accomplishes the same distinction in Chinese. The
  3845. subject "A Mr. Fāng” is placed AFTER the verb because the subject is
  3846. indefinite. With an indefinite subject following the verb, information
  3847. preceding the verb may give location, time, or other scene-setting
  3848. details.
  3849. Zhèr xīn kāile yige hen        A very good restaurant opened here
  3850. hǎode fànguǎnzi.                recently.
  3851. Zuótiān láile yìxiē Rìběn Some Japanese came yesterday, rén.
  3852. Yījīng qùle wǔbǎige rén.       Five hundred people have already
  3853. gone there.
  3854. Verbs of appearing and verbs of disappearing ("to come,” "to discover,"
  3855. "to happen/occur") introduce indefinite subjects, as do the words yǒu
  3856. and yǒude.
  3857. Wàibian you Jige rén zhao nī.
  3858. Yǒude rén bù xīhuan hē chá.
  3859. There are some people outside who want to see you.
  3860. Some people don’t like to drink tea
  3861. Some situations may be described with either yǒu or another verb.
  3862. Zuótiān you yige rén lái zhāo nī.
  3863. Zuótiān láile yige rén yào zhāo ni dāngmiàn tántan.
  3864. Yesterday there was someone here looking for you.
  3865. Yesterday someone was here who was looking for you to talk with you in
  3866. person.
  3867. Subjects occurring at the end of a sentence are indefinite, whether or
  3868. not they are accompanied by yige. Subjects preceding the verb in a
  3869. sentence are definite, whether or not they are accompanied by zhèige,
  3870. nèige, zhèixiē nèixiē, or other specifying words.
  3871. Lái rén le.
  3872. Rén lái le.
  3873. Some people have come.
  3874. The people have come, (i.e., those whom we were expecting)
  3875. Míngzi means "name"—of an object, a place, or a person (GIVEN NAME).
  3876. Occasionally, míngzi is used, for a person’s full name (surname and
  3877. given name). This usage is more common in the PRC.
  3878. Wàngji is a verb meaning "to forget"—used especially in reference to
  3879. forgetting facts. Wàng, "to forget," is more commonly used, for
  3880. forgetting to do something. The verb J ide means "to remember."
  3881. U. B: Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi        That’s right. Fang Deming was sent
  3882. shàngge lībài pài dào          over here last week,
  3883. women zhèli láide.
  3884. B: Zěnme? NǏ rènshi ta ma? Why? Do you know him?
  3885. Notes on No. k
  3886. Bú cuò means "not bad" in the sense of "pretty good," "pretty well,"
  3887. "all right."
  3888. Nǐ zěnmeyàng?                   How are things going?
  3889. Bú cuò.                          Not bad.
  3890. In the first sentence of No. k, bú cuò means "that’s right, your
  3891. information is not wrong."
  3892. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3893. | Lǐ Xiānsheng, nǐ gang cóng | Mr. Li, you Just got back from |
  3894. | Xianggang huílai, shi ma? | Hong Kong, didn’t you? |
  3895. | | |
  3896. | Bú cuò, wǒ shi zuotiān huilaide. | That’s right. I got back |
  3897. | | yesterday. |
  3898. | Here are more examples of bú cuò: | |
  3899. | | That restaurant really has pretty |
  3900. | Nèige fànguānzide cài zhēn bú | good food. |
  3901. | cuò. | |
  3902. | | He speaks Chinese pretty well. |
  3903. | Tā shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde bú | |
  3904. | cuò. | adverb precedes bú cuò: zhēn bú |
  3905. | | cuò |
  3906. | In the first example, notice that | |
  3907. | an | |
  3908. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  3909. Pài dào...lái is a three-part verb: action verb (also expressing
  3910. MOTION), prepositional verb (must take an object), and directional verb
  3911. (lái, qù)
  3912. ACTION PREPOSITIONAL                DIRECTIONAL
  3913. VERB         VERB         OBJECT         VERB
  3914. ----- ----- ----------- -----
  3915. pāo dào shānshang qù
  3916. ban dào zhèr lái
  3917. ná dào xuéxiào qù
  3918. zōu dào hōubianr lái
  3919. ----- ----- ----------- -----
  3920. to run up on the hill”
  3921. to move it into here”
  3922. to take it to school”
  3923. to walk to the back”
  3924. Zěnme, ’’why," ”how come,” ”how is it that...,”⁹ is a more colloquial
  3925. and challenging word for ’’why” than wèishenme. Only a reason or an
  3926. explanation is requested by wèishénme. Zěnme expresses more, emphasizing
  3927. the speaker’s surprise or lack of understanding.
  3928. Nimende bàngōngshì zěnme How is it that your office is so zènme xiǎo?
  3929.                     small?
  3930. Tā fùmǔ dōu shuō Zhōngguo huà, tā zěnme bú huì shuō?
  3931. Zènme yàojìnde shi, wō zěnme wàngle zuò le?
  3932. Nì zěnme bú niàn shū ne?
  3933. Nì zěnme bù shuō huà? You shénme bù gāoxìngde shi ma?
  3934. Both his parents speak Chinese. How is it that he can’t?
  3935. How could I have forgotten to do such an important thing?
  3936. How come you’re not studying?
  3937. How come you’re not saying anything? Is there something you are unhappy
  3938. about ?
  3939. The meaning of zěnme is sometimes affected by the aspect marker used:
  3940. Ni zěnme lái le?               How come you are here? (i.e.,
  3941. ’’What are you doing here?”)
  3942. Nì (shi) zěnme láide?
  3943. How did you get here? (i.e., by what means of transportation)
  3944. Rènshi the state verb means ”to know” in the sense of ”to be acquainted
  3945. with,” "to be familiar with,” ”to recognize.” As an action verb, rènshi
  3946. means to meet, to get acquainted
  3947. (STATE VERB)
  3948. Nī rènshi Zhāng Guóquán ma?
  3949. Nī rènshi ta ma?
  3950. Women bú tài rènshi.
  3951. Women qùnián hai bú rènshi.
  3952. (ACTION VERB)
  3953. Wǒ zài Měiguode shíhou, rènshile hen duō Měiguo niánqīng rén.¹⁰
  3954. Wǒ shi qiánnián rènshi tade.
  3955. Nèige shíhou women hai méi rènshi.
  3956. Tā shi yige hen hāode rén, nī yīnggāi rènshi renshi.¹¹
  3957. with.”
  3958. Do you know Zhāng Guóquán?
  3959. Do you know him?
  3960. We are not too well acquainted.
  3961. We did not know each other yet last year.
  3962. When I was in America, I met a lot of young Americans.
  3963. I met him the year before last.
  3964. At that time we had not yet met.
  3965. He is a very good person; you should get to know him.
  3966. As a state verb, rènshi is used for "knowing” or "recognizing" Chinese
  3967. characters.
  3968. Nī rènshi duōshǎoge Zhōngguo How many Chinese characters do you zì?
  3969.                            know/recognize?
  3970. Nī rènshi zhèige zì ma?        Do you recognize this character?
  3971. Contrast the meanings of rènshi and zhīdào: rènshi, "to know" a person;
  3972. zhīdào, "to know of" a person
  3973. Nī rènshi Tang Xiǎojiě ma?     Do you know Miss Tang?
  3974. Wǒ zhīdào ta, dànshi women     I know of her, but we haven’t met.
  3975. méi Jiànguo.
  3976. When a place is being discussed, rènshi means "to know how to get
  3977. LthereJ." Zhīdào continues to mean "to know of La place]."
  3978. Nī rènshi nèige diànyīngyuàn Do you know how to get to that movie ma?
  3979.                            theater?
  3980. Nī zhīdào nèige diànyīngyuàn Do you know of that movie theater? ma?
  3981. 5. A: Bú rènshi.
  3982. A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suéyi xiǎng qīng ni
  3983. gěi wo jièshao Jièshao.
  3984. I don’t know him.
  3985. However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of
  3986. California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him.
  3987. Note on No. 5
  3988. the University of California": type of school may stand such as
  3989. Shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, "graduated from The name of a school or a word
  3990. describing the in front of the verb bìyè with no preceding prepositional
  3991. verb, céng, "from."
  3992. Nī érzi yījīng dàxué/zhōng-xué/xiǎoxué bìyè le ma?
  3993. Tā dàxué hái méi bìyè ne.
  3994. Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.
  3995. Has your son graduated from college/ high school/elementary school
  3996. already?
  3997. He has not graduated from college yet
  3998. He graduated from Taiwan University.
  3999. at," or céng, "from."
  4000. What high school did you graduate from?
  4001. I graduated last year from the University of Texas.
  4002. I graduated from Běijīng University in ’78.
  4003. Bìyè may also be preceded by either zài,
  4004. Nī shi zài neige zhōngxué bìyède?
  4005. Wǒ qùnián céng Dézhōu Dàxué bìyè le.
  4006. Wǒ shi qībānián céng Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.
  4007. Bìyè, meaning "to complete a course of study," is a compound made up of
  4008. a verb plus a general object. For this reason, the object yè may be
  4009. separated from the verb bì. This separation occurs most frequently in
  4010. sentences containing the shi... de construction.
  4011. Tā shi yīJiǔqīliànián bide yè. He graduated in 1976.
  4012. 6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan...hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu.
  4013. No problem. I’ll take a look
  4014. Okay, we are both free now.
  4015. Can you come now?
  4016. B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma?
  4017. Note on No. 6
  4018. The noun wèntí can mean "question," "problem," or "difficulty." Tā wènle
  4019. hǎoduō wèntí.         He asked a lot of questions.
  4020. Nà shi yige hěn dàde wèntí. That’s a hig problem.
  4021. Nì yǒu wèntí ma? could mean either ”Do you have any questions?” or ’’Are
  4022. you having any problems?”
  4023. 7. A: Xíng.                            That will be fine.
  4024. A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì I’ll come to your office right away,
  4025. lái.
  4026. A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu jiù I’ll be there in about half an hour, dào.
  4027. Notes on No. 7
  4028. The adverb mashàng (literally, ”on horseback”) means "immediately,”
  4029. "right away."
  4030. Chàbuduō may be translated fairly literally as "does not differ much."
  4031. Other translations are "about,” "approximately," "almost."
  4032. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4033. | Chàbuduō bādiǎn le. | It is nearly eight o’clock. |
  4034. | | |
  4035. | Zhèběn shū wǒ chàbuduō kànwán le. | I have almost finished reading |
  4036. | | this book. |
  4037. | Tāmen chàbuduō bādiSn zhōng lái. | |
  4038. | | They are coming at around eight |
  4039. | Nàge xuexiào yǒu chàbuduō | o’clock. |
  4040. | sānbǎige xuésheng. | |
  4041. | | That school has approximately |
  4042. | - 8. Jìde | three hundred students. |
  4043. | | |
  4044. | - 9. rènde | to remember |
  4045. | | |
  4046. | - 10. rènshi zì | to recognize, to know (alternate |
  4047. | | word for rènshi) |
  4048. | - 11. wàng | |
  4049. | | to know how to read (literally, |
  4050. | - 12. wánquán | "to recognize characters") |
  4051. | | |
  4052. | - 13. xiāngqilai | to forget (alternate word for |
  4053. | | wàngji, especially in the sense |
  4054. | 1U. zuǒyōu | of forgetting to DO something) |
  4055. | | |
  4056. | | completely |
  4057. | | |
  4058. | | to think of, to remember |
  4059. | | |
  4060. | | approximat ely |
  4061. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4062. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
  4063. The verb jìde, ”to remember,” acts
  4064. Ni Jide Wáng Xiao Ming ma?
  4065. Jìde. Tā shi wǒ àiren dàxuéde tóngxué.
  4066. Wǒ zuótiān bú Jìde tā xing shénme. Jīntiān you xiǎngqilai le.
  4067. like a state verb.
  4068. Do you remember Wáng Xiao Ming?
  4069. I remember (him). He is my spouse’s college classmate.
  4070. Yesterday I couldn’t remember what his name is. Today I remembered it
  4071. (again).
  4072. Rende, "to recognize," "to know," is usually interchangeable with
  4073. rènshi.
  4074. Both rènshi and rende are most often made negative with bù.
  4075. Nī rende ta ma?                Do you know him?
  4076. Bú rende.                        No.
  4077. Tā lù yě bú rende.             He doesn’t even know the way.
  4078. Women qùnián hái bú rénde. We did not know each other last year.
  4079. Wàng, "to forget," is an action verb.
  4080. Wǒ hen róngyi bǎ rén míngzi I forget people’s names very easily, wàng
  4081. le.
  4082. Nimen dōu bǎ chēpiào nálai Did all of you bring your bus tickets? le ma?
  4083. Wǒ wàng le.                     I forgot (mine).
  4084. Wǒ méi wàng.                    I didn’t forget.
  4085. Wánquán, "completely," is an adverb used to modify verbs.
  4086. Tā xiěde zì wánquán duì.       The character he wrote is completely
  4087. right.
  4088. Tā wánquán bù dong.            He doesn’t understand any part of
  4089. this.
  4090. Wǒ wánquán bù zhīdào zhèijiàn I don’t know anything about this shi.
  4091.                             matter.
  4092. Xiǎngqilai, "to think of," "to remember," is a compound verb of result.
  4093. It is made up of xiǎng, "to think"; qī, "to rise"; and lái, "to come."¹²
  4094. As an ending showing result, -qīlái may have either its literal meaning
  4095. of "to come up" or more abstract meanings such as "to come to mind."¹³
  4096. Qǐng bǎ yīzi bānqilai.
  4097. Qīng nimen zhànqilai.
  4098. Nèige zì wo xiǎngqilai le.
  4099. Please lift up the chair.
  4100. Please stand up.
  4101. I remember that character.
  4102. Zuǒyòu (literally, "left-right”) Wǒ wǔdiǎn zuǒyòu lai jiē ni.
  4103. Nī qù mǎi diǎnr píngguǒ, hǎo bu hǎo?
  4104. Yào duōshǎo?
  4105. Sānjīn zuǒyòu jiù gòu le.
  4106. means "approximately,” "about."
  4107. I will come to get you about five o’clock.
  4108. How about going to buy some apples?
  4109. How many do you want?
  4110. About three catties should be enough
  4111. DRILLS
  4112. A. Transformation Drill
  4113. - 1. Speaker: Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.
  4114. (I have something I would like to ask you about.)
  4115. OR Nèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.
  4116. (I would like to ask you about that matter.)
  4117. - 2. Wǒ yǒu hěn duō shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.
  4118. - 3. Zhèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.
  4119. U. Tāde shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.
  4120. 5. Wǒ you jijiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.
  4121. 6. Nide nèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.
  4122. You; Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting yíjiàn shi.
  4123. (l would like to ask you something. )
  4124. Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nèijiàn shi.
  4125. (I would like to ask you about that matter.)
  4126. Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hěn duō shi
  4127. Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting zhèi' jiàn shi.
  4128. Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting tāde shi.
  4129. Wo xiǎng gēn nín dǎting jijiàn shi.
  4130. Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nide nèijiàn shi.
  4131. B. Expansion Drill
  4132. - 1. Speaker; Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng le.
  4133. (I have forgotten his given name.)
  4134. - 2. Tāde dìzhì wǒ wàngJi le.
  4135. - 3. Tā shénme shíhou lai wǒ wàng le.
  4136. It. Nèibān fēijī jldiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le.
  4137. You: Tāde míngzi wo wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?
  4138. (I have forgotten his given name. Do you remember it?)
  4139. Tāde dìzhì wǒ wàngji le, ni hai jìde ma?
  4140. Tā shénme shíhou lái wǒ wàng le, nì. hai jìde ma?
  4141. Nèibān fēijī jldiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le, ni hái Jìde ma?
  4142. - 5. Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde wō wàng le.
  4143. - 6. Women zài náli huàn chē wō wàngji le.
  4144. - 7. Yínháng Jīdiǎn zhōng guān mén wō wàng le.
  4145. Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde wō wàng le, ni hái Jide ma?
  4146. Wōmen zài náli huàn chē wō wàngji le, ni hái Jide ma?
  4147. Yínháng jīdiǎn zhōng guān mén wō wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?
  4148. - C. Expansion Drill
  4149. - 1. Speaker: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàilaide.
  4150. (cue) zhèli
  4151. (I have heard he was Just sent over.)
  4152. - 2. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. nàli
  4153. - 3. Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pàilaide. Táihěi
  4154. U. Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pàiqude.    Táinán
  4155. - 5. Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pàilaide .    Táizhōng
  4156. - 6. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude.
  4157. Gāoxiōng
  4158. - 7. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pàilaide. zhèli
  4159. You: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide.
  4160. (I have heard he was Just sent over here.)
  4161. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào nàli qùde.
  4162. Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pài dào Táihěi láide.
  4163. Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pài dào Táinán qùde.
  4164. Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pài dào Táizhōng láide.
  4165. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào Gāoxiōng qùde.
  4166. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide.
  4167. - D. Expansion Drill
  4168. - 1. Speaker: Tā shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué You: Tā shi yījiǔsìwǔnián Jiāzhōu
  4169. bìyède.                          Dàxué bìyède.
  4170. (cue) yījiǔsìwǔnián          (In 19^5 he graduated from the
  4171. (He graduated from the           University of California.)
  4172. University of California. )
  4173. 2. Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔwǔliùnián
  4174. 3. Tā shi Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔliùqīnián
  4175. U. Tā shi Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīJ iǔliùèrnián
  4176. - 5. Tā shi Běijīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsìqīnián
  4177. - 6. Tā shi Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānlíngnián
  4178. - 7. Tā shi Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānqīnián
  4179. Tā shi yījiǔwǔliùnián Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.
  4180. Tā shi yījiǔliùqīnián Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède.
  4181. Tā shi yījiǔliùèrnián Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède.
  4182. Tā shi yījiǔsìqīnián Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.
  4183. Tā shi yījiǔsānlíngnián Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède.
  4184. Tā shi yījiǔsānqīnián Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède.
  4185. - E. Expansion Drill
  4186. - 1. Speaker: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì.
  4187. (I have seen this character before.)
  4188. OR Wǒ zhīdào tā shi shéi. (I know who he is.)
  4189. - 2. Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě.
  4190. - 3. Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang.
  4191. - 4. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi LĪ Kēzhǎng.
  4192. You: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi zhèige zì.
  4193. (I have seen this character before, but I don’t recognize it.)
  4194. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi shéi, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.
  4195. (I know who he is, but I’m not acquainted with him.)
  4196. Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi Zhāng Xiǎojiě.
  4197. Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi nèige dìfang.
  4198. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi Lī Kēzhǎng, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi Lī Kēzhǎng.
  4199. - 5. Wǒ kànjianguo.                      Wǒ kànjianguo, kěshi wǒ bú
  4200. rènshi.
  4201. - 6. Wǒ zhīdao tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde Wǒ zhidao tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde
  4202. gēge, gēge.                               kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.
  4203. - F. Transformation Drill
  4204. - 1. Speaker; Chàbuduō bànge zhōng-tǒu jiù dào.
  4205. (I’ll be there in about half an hour.)
  4206. - 2. Chàbuduō yào yíge zhōngtǒu.
  4207. - 3. Tā zhùle chàbuduō sāntiān.
  4208. U. Tā chàbuduō wǔshísuì le.
  4209. - 5. Nèiběn shū chàbuduō yào shíkuài qián.
  4210. - 6. Chàbuduō yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng.
  4211. - 7. Chàbuduō sānge xingqī.
  4212. You: Bànge zhōngtǒu zuǒyòu jiù dào (i’ll be there in about half an
  4213. hour.)
  4214. Yào yíge zhōngtǒu zuǒyòu.
  4215. Tā zhùle sāntiān zuǒyòu.
  4216. Tā wǔshísuì zuǒyòu le.
  4217. Nèiběn shū yào shíkuài qián zuǒyòu
  4218. Yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng zuǒyòu.
  4219. Sānge xīngqī zuǒyòu.
  4220. G. Response Drill
  4221. - 1. Speaker: Ni xiànzài lái ma? (cue) mǎshàng
  4222. (Are you coming now?)
  4223. - 2. Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō
  4224. - 3. Tā shídiǎn zhōng qù ma? zuǒyòu
  4225. U. Nimen xiànzài zǒu ma? mǎshàng
  4226. - 5. Tāmen báhào qù ma? zuǒyòu
  4227. - 6. Tāmen Jiúdiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō
  4228. - 7. Ni shíhào zài Niù Yuē ma? zuǒyòu
  4229. You: Wǒ mǎshàng lǎi.
  4230. (I’m coming right away.)
  4231. Tā chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lǎi.
  4232. Tā shídiǎn zhōng zuǒyòu qù.
  4233. Wōmen mǎshàng zǒu.
  4234. Tāmen báhào zuǒyòu qù.
  4235. Tāmen chàbuduō jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái
  4236. Wǒ shíhào zuǒyòu zài Niù Yuē.
  4237. UNIT 8
  4238. REFERENCE LIST
  4239. - 1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.
  4240. - A: Wei, wo shi Láidēng Dàshi-de mishū.
  4241. - 2. A: Dàshī jiēzháo nimende qǐngtiě le.
  4242. - 3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔ hào bù néng lai.
  4243. - A: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.
  4244. A: Hen bàoqiàn.
  4245. U. B: Hen yíhàn, Laidēng Dàshǐ bù néng lái.
  4246. - B: Wǒ tì ni zhuangào yíxià.
  4247. - 5. A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women yǒu Jige tongxué Xingqīliù jìhua dào
  4248. Chángchéng qù wánr.
  4249. - A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqī qù?
  4250. - 6. B: Zhēn bù qiǎo.
  4251. - B: Nèitiān women yǒu shì, méi bànfa qù.
  4252. - T. A: Xiwang yīhòu zài zhao jīhui jùyijù ba.
  4253. - B: Hǎo a.
  4254. Hello. This is the Protocol Department.
  4255. Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.
  4256. The ambassador received your invitation.
  4257. Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on
  4258. August 9.
  4259. Please inform Minister Qiáo.
  4260. I’m very sorry.
  4261. We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come.
  4262. I will pass on the message for you.
  4263. Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall
  4264. Saturday for an outing.
  4265. Can you go with us?
  4266. We really couldn’t make that.
  4267. We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going.
  4268. I hope that late we will find an other opportunity to get together.
  4269. Okay.
  4270. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  4271. - 8. dàjiā
  4272. - 9. jiēdào
  4273. - 10. tǒngshì
  4274. - 11. yinggāi
  4275. everybody, everyone
  4276. to receive (alternate form of jiēzháo)
  4277. fellow worker, colleague
  4278. should, ought to, must
  4279. VOCABULARY
  4280. ban fa bàoqiàn bùzhǎng
  4281. method, way to be sorry minister (of a government organization)
  4282. Chángchéng
  4283. the Great Wall
  4284. dàjiā
  4285. everybody, everyone
  4286. Jiē
  4287. to receive (mail, messages, guests,
  4288. phone calls)
  4289. jiēdào
  4290. to receive
  4291. to assemble
  4292. jùyijù
  4293. to get together
  4294. kěxl
  4295. unfortunately, what a pity
  4296. Llbīnsī
  4297. Protocol Department (PRC)
  4298. méi banfa
  4299. there’s no way out, it can’t
  4300. be helped
  4301. mi shū
  4302. secretary, executive assistant
  4303. qiǎo
  4304. to be timely, to be opportune
  4305. qingtiě (qìngtiē)
  4306. written invitation
  4307. substituting for, in place of
  4308. tóngshì
  4309. fellow worker, colleague
  4310. tóngxué
  4311. classmate
  4312. yíhàn
  4313. to regret (that something desirable
  4314. will not happen)
  4315. yīnggāi
  4316. should, ought to, must
  4317. zhuǎngào
  4318. to pass on a message, to inform
  4319. (introduced on C-2 tape)
  4320. --------------- ---------------------------------------
  4321. cānjiā to participate in, to join, to attend
  4322. dào xi to congratulate
  4323. dìèrtiān the next day
  4324. Jīngj ibù Ministry of Economics
  4325. jūnshì yǎnxí military maneuvers
  4326. láodōng mófàn model worker
  4327. --------------- ---------------------------------------
  4328. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4329. | nánbù | the southern part (of the |
  4330. | | island), the south |
  4331. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4332. | shàngxiào | colonel |
  4333. | | |
  4334. | tīngdechūlái | to be able to recognize what |
  4335. | | something is from the sound |
  4336. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4337. | tóngxuéhuì | alumni association (literally, |
  4338. | | "fellow-student group") |
  4339. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4340. | tōngzhī | (written) announcement, |
  4341. | | notification to thank him for his |
  4342. | xièxie tāde yāoqing zhèngzhi | invitation political study |
  4343. | xuéxí zhuchí jiéhūn | session |
  4344. | | |
  4345. | | to preside at a marriage ceremony |
  4346. | | (i.e., to give the bride away) |
  4347. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4348. | zǒng jīnglī | general manager (chief executive |
  4349. | | officer) |
  4350. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4351. (introduced in Communication Game)
  4352. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4353. | dàngāo qìsi | cake |
  4354. | | |
  4355. | | cheese |
  4356. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4357. REFERENCE NOTES
  4358. - 1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.         Hello. This is the Protocol
  4359. Department.
  4360. - A: Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde    Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s
  4361. mishū.                           secretary.
  4362. Notes on No. 1
  4363. Lǐbīnsī, meaning "protocol department," is made up of lǐ, "ceremony";
  4364. bin, "honored guests"; and sī, "department."
  4365. Mishū means "secretary" in two senses: 1) a high-ranking official 2) a
  4366. clerk-typist.
  4367. - 2. A: Dàshǐ Jiēzháo nǐmende qǐngtiě le.
  4368. The ambassador received your invitation.
  4369. Notes on No. 2
  4370. The verb Jiē, "to receive," may be used for receiving guests, mail,
  4371. messages, and phone calls.
  4372. Jiēzháo (jiēdao), "to receive," is a compound verb of result. The
  4373. endings -zháo and -dào mean approximately the same thing: "to
  4374. successfully obtain something" Jiēzháo and Jiēdao occur in four ways:
  4375. with le or mei (describing ACTUAL situations) and with -de- or -bu-
  4376. (describing POTENTIAL situations)
  4377. ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------
  4378. Wǒ zuótiān qù huǒchēzhàn Jiē Yesterday I went to the train station
  4379. ta, kěshi méi Jiēzháo/ to get him, but I missed him.
  4380. Jiēdào.
  4381. Nǐ zǎo yìdiǎnr qù Jiē ta, If you go a little earlier, (then)
  4382. Jiù Jiēdezháo/Jiēdedào. you can get him.
  4383. Míngtiān yàoshi láiwǎnle If I am late tomorrow, (then) I won’t
  4384. Jiù Jiēbuzháo/Jiēbudào (be able to) receive his phone call.
  4385. tāde diànhuà.
  4386. ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------
  4387. Qingtiě refers to a written invitation. The word is also pronounced
  4388. qǐngtiě.
  4389. - 3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè Jiǔhào "bù néng lái.
  4390. Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come
  4391. on August 9-
  4392. Please inform Minister Qiáo.
  4393. I’m very sorry.
  4394. - A: Qīng ni zhuangào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.
  4395. A: Hen bàoqiàn.
  4396. Notes on No. 3
  4397. Kěxī may be used as an exclamation: Zhēn kěxī! ’’That’s really too bad!”
  4398. Zhuǎngào means "to pass along Cword of something]." Zhuǎn literally
  4399. means "to turn" or "to transmit." Gào means "to tell,” as in gàosu.
  4400. Bàoqiàn is an adjectival verb that means "to be sorry," "to feel
  4401. apologetic" (e.g., for not fulfilling one’s social obligations).
  4402. Literally, bào means "to embrace Ca feeling]," "to harbor Ca feeling]."
  4403. Qiàn means "apologetic feelings," "guilt feelings."
  4404. H. B: Hěn yíhàn, Láidēng Dàshī bù néng lái.
  4405. B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.
  4406. We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come.
  4407. I will pass on the message for you.
  4408. Notes on No. U
  4409. Yíhàn is a formal term used to express disappointment or regret that
  4410. something desirable will not happen.
  4411. Tì, "for," "in place of," is a prepositional verb meaning in place of
  4412. another, or in another’s stead.
  4413. Jīntiān wǒ tì nī Jiāo shū. I will teach for you today, (i.e., in your
  4414. place)
  4415. Wǒ tì nī qù.                    I will go for you. (i.e., instead
  4416. of you)
  4417. To make a sentence containing tì negative, place bù or méi in front of
  4418. the prepositional verb.
  4419. Wǒ bú yào tì ni qù mǎi cài. I don’t want to go to buy groceries for you.
  4420. Tā méi tì wǒ lái Jiǎng huà. He did not come to speak in my place.
  4421. Both gěi and tì may be translated as "for." Gěi, having a wider range of
  4422. usage, would seem to overlap in some instances with tì. The more exact
  4423. meaning of tì may be used to clarify a situation.
  4424. Wǒ gěi ni mǎi cài.
  4425. Wǒ tì ni mǎi cài.
  4426. I will buy groceries for you.
  4427. (WHO PAYS? DID YOU VOLUNTEER ONLY
  4428. TO SHOP, OR TO PAY ALSO?)
  4429. I will buy groceries for you.
  4430. (CLARIFIED: YOU HAVE VOLUNTEERED ONLY TO SHOP, NOT TO PAY.)
  4431. Yíxià, "a bit,” is not translated in No. U. This word adds to the action
  4432. in the sentence a casual feeling, similar to the effect of reduplicating
  4433. a verb. (Notice that this use of yíxià is different from previous
  4434. examples, where the word meant ”for a little while.”)
  4435. 5. A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women you Jige tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua dào Chángchéng
  4436. qù wánr.
  4437. A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqī qù?
  4438. Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall
  4439. Saturday for an outing.
  4440. Can you go with us?
  4441. Notes on No. 5
  4442. Tongxué means "fellow student" or "graduate of the same institution.
  4443. "Fellow worker" or "colleague" is tǒngshì.
  4444. Chángchéng: Cháng means "long," and chéng is an old word for "city
  4445. wall." The full name of the Great Wall is Wànlǐ Chángchéng, literally
  4446. "10,000 lǐ-long wall."¹⁴
  4447. Néng, kéyi, and huì compared: and therefore state verbs—mean "
  4448. The core meaning of néng is "can, In some cases, néng may also mean is
  4449. possible," and "to know how to.'
  4450. Wǒde tóu téng, bù néng kàn shū.
  4451. Shàng kède shíhou, bù néng shuō huà.
  4452. Zhījiāgē Shíyīyuè jiù néng xià xuě.
  4453. Tǎ zhēn néng shuō huà.
  4454. The core meaning of kéyi is "can," also mean "could be/is possible."
  4455. All three of these auxiliary verbs— can" to some extent.
  4456. "to be able to," "to be capable of." may," "to be permitted," "could be/
  4457. I
  4458. My head aches; I can’t read.
  4459. Talking is not permitted during class.
  4460. It can snow in November in Chicago. (POSSIBILITY)
  4461. He really knows how to talk.
  4462. "may," "to be permitted to." Kéyi may The permission implied by kéyi may
  4463. come from an outside authority or may be self-imposed.
  4464. NÍ kéyi zǒu le.                 You may leave.
  4465. Cong zhèige mén jìnqu, kéyi May one go in through this door? ma?
  4466. Nàrde fàn kéyi chī.            The food there may be eaten, (i.e.,
  4467. it is possible to eat it)
  4468. Wǒ bù shūfu, bù kéyi yóuyǒng. I don’t feel good; I can’t go swimming.
  4469. (i.e., the speaker decides that he should not go)
  4470. The core meaning of huì is "to know how to," "can." Huì is often used
  4471. for an activity that was learned, in contrast to néng for activities
  4472. that "can be done" because of a person’s physical condition ("Can she
  4473. get out of bed yet?" Tā néng bu néng xià chuáng?). The other main use of
  4474. huì is to indicate possibility. Here it overlaps with both néng and kéyi
  4475. in meaning "could be/ is possible."
  4476. Nìde érzi huì zǒu lù le ma? Can your son walk now?
  4477. (BABY LEARNING TO WALK)
  4478. Nì huì shuō Yīngwén ma?        Can you speak English?
  4479. Míngtiān huì xià yǔ.           It might/will rain tomorrow.
  4480. Tā bú huì bù lái.               It is not possible that he won’t come.
  4481. 6. B: Zhen bù qiǎo.
  4482. B: Neitiān women yǒu shi, méi bànfa qù.
  4483. We really couldn’t make that.
  4484. We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going.
  4485. Notes on No. 6
  4486. Bù qiǎo literally means "inopportune," "not timely."
  4487. Méi bànfa: Bànfa means "method," "way." Within a sentence, méi bànfa is
  4488. used as "there is no way to...," "there is no way that...." Used
  4489. independently, méi bànfa means "nothing can be done," "it can’t be
  4490. helped," "there is no way out."
  4491. ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------
  4492. 7. A: Xīwang yīhòu zài zhāo Jīhui I hope that later we will find
  4493. JùyiJù ba. another opportunity to get together
  4494. B: Hǎo a. Okay.
  4495. ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------
  4496. ----- --------- ------------------------------------------
  4497. 8. dàjiā everybody, everyone
  4498. 9. J iēdao to receive (alternate form for J iēzháo)
  4499. 10. tōngshì fellow worker, colleague
  4500. 11. yīnggāi should, ought to, must
  4501. ----- --------- ------------------------------------------
  4502. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
  4503. Literally, dàjiā means "big family." When dàjiā is the subject of a
  4504. sentence, dōu is often placed before the verb.
  4505. Dàjiā dōu zhīdào tā shi shéi. Everyone knows who he is.
  4506. Xièxie dàjiā.                   Thank you all.
  4507. Qīng dàjiā zuōxialai.          Would everyone please sit down.
  4508. Wōmen dàjiā yìqī qù ba.        Let’s all go together.
  4509. Yīnggāi is an auxiliary verb, which is followed by another verb in a
  4510. sentence. Only bù is used to make yīnggāi negative.
  4511. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4512. | Bú xiè, zhèi shi women yīnggāi | Don’t thank us. This is something |
  4513. | zuòde shi. | we should be doing. |
  4514. | | |
  4515. | ZhèiJiàn shìqing hen yàoJIn, nī | This is a very important thing; |
  4516. | yīnggāi māshàng qù bàn. | you should (go) take care of it |
  4517. | | right away. |
  4518. | Yige dàxué bìyède rén, bù yīnggāi | |
  4519. | yōu zhèiyangde xiǎngfa. | Someone who has graduated from |
  4520. | | college shouldn’t think this way. |
  4521. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
  4522. DRILLS
  4523. A. Expansion Drill
  4524. - 1. Speaker: Tā zài Wàijiāobù Lībīnsī gōngzuò.
  4525. (cue) wǔlóu
  4526. (He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cin3 the Protocol
  4527. Department.)
  4528. - 2. Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. qīlóu
  4529. - 3. Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguān gōngzuò . loushàng
  4530. U. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Guānghuá Lù
  4531. - 5. Zhāng Tongzhì zài Shànghai gōngzuò. Nánj īng Lù
  4532. - 6. Wáng Nushì zài yínháng gōngzuò. èrlóu
  4533. - 7. Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. sānlōu
  4534. You: Tā zài Wàijiācbù Lībīnsī gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài wǔlóu.
  4535. (He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cin3 the Protocol
  4536. Department. His office is on the fifth floor.)
  4537. Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài qīlóu.
  4538. Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguān gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài lóushàng.
  4539. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Guānghuá Lù.
  4540. Zhāng Tóngzhì zài Shànghai gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Nánjīng Lù.
  4541. Wáng Nushì zài yínháng gōngzuò.
  4542. Tāde bàngōngshì zài èrlóu.
  4543. Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài sānlóu.
  4544. - B. Response Drill
  4545. - 1. Speaker: Dàshī jiēzháo qīngtiě le ma?
  4546. (cue) not yet
  4547. (Has the ambassador received the invitation yet?)
  4548. - 2. Tāmen dōu Jiezháo qīngtiě le ma? not all
  4549. - 3. Nīmen jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qīngtiě le ma? yes
  4550. h. Tāmen Jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīngtiě le ma? already
  4551. You: Dàshī hái méi jiēzháo qīngtiě.
  4552. (The ambassador has not received the invitation yet.)
  4553. Tāmen méi dōu jiēzháo qīngtiě.
  4554. Women jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qīngtiě le.
  4555. Tāmen yījīng jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīngtiě le.
  4556. - 5. Nīmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīng-tiě le ma? not yet
  4557. - 6. Tā jiēzháo qǐngtiě le ma? no
  4558. - 7. Nǐ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě le ma? yes
  4559. Women hái mei jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiě.
  4560. Tā méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě.
  4561. Wǒ jiēzháo Wuguānchùde qǐngtiě le.
  4562. - C. Expansion Drill
  4563. - 1. Speaker: Tā bù néng lái. (cue) kěxī
  4564. (He cannot come.)
  4565. - 2. Tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo.    kěxī
  4566. - 3. Tā méi lái. yíhàn
  4567. U. Tāmen bù néng dōu lái. bàoqiàn
  4568. - 5. Tāmen dōu bù lái. kěxī
  4569. - 6. Tāmen dōu bù néng qù. bàoqiàn
  4570. - 7. Tā hái méi qù. yíhàn
  4571. You: Hěn kěxī, tā bù néng lái. (Unfortunately, he cannot come.)
  4572. Hěn kěxī, tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo.
  4573. Hěn yíhàn, tā méi lái.
  4574. Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen bù néng dōu lái.
  4575. Hěn kěxī, tāmen dōu bù lái.
  4576. Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen dōu bù néng qù.
  4577. Hěn yíhàn, tā hái méi qù.
  4578. D. Expansion Drill
  4579. - 1. Speaker: Qīng ni zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng.
  4580. (Please inform Minister Zhāng.)
  4581. - 2. Wō zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le. nǐ
  4582. - 3. Tā hái méi zhuǎngào Lī Kēzhǎng. nǐ
  4583. U. Tā bù néng zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. wǒ
  4584. You: Qīng ni tì wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng.
  4585. (Please inform Minister Zhāng for me.)
  4586. Wǒ tì nǐ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le
  4587. Tā hái méi tì nǐ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.
  4588. Tā bù néng tì wǒ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.
  4589. - 5. Wǒ yījīng zhuǎngào dàshī le. nī
  4590. - 6. Wǒ míngtiān jiù zhuǎngào dàshī. nī
  4591. - 7. Tā shi zuótiān zhuǎngào dàhīde.    nī
  4592. Wǒ yījīng tì nī zhuǎngào dàshī le.
  4593. Wo míngtiān jiù tì nī zhuǎngào dàshī.
  4594. Tā shi zuótiān tì nī zhuǎngào dàshīde.
  4595. E. Transformation Drill
  4596. - 1. Speaker: Tāmen míngtiān lǎi.
  4597. (cue) together
  4598. (They are coming tomorrow.)
  4599. OR Tāmen zuótiān lǎi le.
  4600. (cue) together (They came yesterday.)
  4601. - 2. Tā míngtiān zǒu. alone
  4602. - 3. Tā zuótiān zǒu le. alone
  4603. H. Wǎng Tongzhì míngtiān qù
  4604. Nǎnj īng.    by train
  4605. 5. Wǎng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī qù Shànghǎi le. by plane
  4606. 6. Tā qù le. alone
  4607. You: Tāmen míngtiān yìqī lǎi ma?
  4608. (Are they coming together tomorrow?)
  4609. Tāmen zuótiān shi yìzī lǎide ma?
  4610. (Did they come together yesterday?)
  4611. Tā míngtiān yige ren zǒu ma?
  4612. Tā zuótiān shi yige rén zoude ma?
  4613. Wǎng Tóngzhì míngtiān zuò huochē qù Nánjīng ma?
  4614. Wǎng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī shi zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎide ma?
  4615. Tā shi yige rén qùde ma?
  4616. - F. Substitution Drill
  4617. - 1. Speaker: Nèitiān women yǒu shi, bù néng qù.
  4618. (cue) no way of going (That day we have a previous engagement;
  4619. we cannot go.)
  4620. - 2. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, méi bànfa qù. cannot go together
  4621. - 3. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqǐ qù. not all of us can go
  4622. U. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, bù néng dōu qù. none of us can go
  4623. - 5. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, dǒu bù néng qù. did not go
  4624. - 6. Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù. not all of us went
  4625. - 7. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, méi dōu qù.
  4626. You: Nèitiān wōmen you shi, méi bānfa qù.
  4627. (That day we have a previous engagement; we have no way of going.)
  4628. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqi qù.
  4629. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng dōu qù.
  4630. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, dōu bù néng qù.
  4631. Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù.
  4632. Nèitiān women you shi, méi dōu qù.
  4633. GPO 689—101/8721
  4634. 269
  4635. ¹
  4636. A different pattern is used to say that two things are the same. (See
  4637. MTG, Unit 3, notes on Nos. U-5.)
  4638. ²
  4639. To say "A is not as . . . as B," you use a different construction, which
  4640. you will learn in MTG, Unit 6, notes on No. 2.
  4641. ³
  4642. The verb láidejí/láibují does not occur without the inserted -de- or
  4643. -bu-.
  4644. You have already seen wán in Piào dōu màiwán le.
  4645. The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.
  4646. The words "this," "next," and "last" in English are often ambiguous.
  4647. "This" sometimes means "just past," sometimes "the coming," and
  4648. sometimes "of next week." "Next" sometimes means "the coming" and
  4649. sometimes means "of next week." "Last" sometimes means "Just past" and
  4650. sometimes means "of last week." In Chinese, however, zhèige usually
  4651. means "of this week"; xiàge, "of next week"; and shàngge, ^(H)of last
  4652. week." But ambiguities do sometimes arise.
  4653. Some Chinese consider that the week begins on Sunday. Probably most
  4654. Chinese however, consider Monday the first day of the week.
  4655. Bù is also used for a "department" of the U.S. government: Nèizhèngbù,
  4656. "Department of the Interior"
  4657. ròu, "meat”
  4658. You have already learned that zěnme can mean ”how."
  4659. ¹⁰
  4660. niánqīng, "to be young"
  4661. ¹¹
  4662. yīnggāi, "should"
  4663. ¹²
  4664. Xiǎngqilai is actually pronounced xiángqilai. The ending -qīlái is in
  4665. the neutral tone; because qī was originally in the third tone, xiǎng
  4666. changes to the rising tone.
  4667. ¹³
  4668. English prepositions, such as "up," are also used both literally and
  4669. abstractly: "look up the wall" (an upward motion) and "look up the phone
  4670. number" (no motion indicated by "up")
  4671. ¹⁴
  4672. 0ne lǐ is approximately one third of a mile.