FSI-Chinese/Numerisés-new/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook.xml

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  <info>
    <title>FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 01 ORN - Student
Workbook</title>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Foreign Service</firstname>
        <surname>Institute</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </info>
  <para>
    CM 0181 S
  </para>
  <para>
    <anchor id="caption1" />
  </para>
  <section xml:id="standard-chinese">
    <title><anchor id="bookmark0" /><anchor id="bookmark1" />STANDARD
    CHINESE</title>
    <para>
      A MODULAR APPROACH
    </para>
    <para>
      STUDENT WORKBOOK
    </para>
    <para>
      MODULE 1: ORIENTATION
    </para>
    <para>
      MODULE 2: BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
    </para>
    <para>
      SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN
      GOVERNMENTS
    </para>
    <para>
      This publication is to be used primarily in support of instructing
      military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program
      (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of
      materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:
    </para>
    <para>
      Defense Language Institute
    </para>
    <para>
      Foreign Language Center
    </para>
    <para>
      NonresidentTraining Division
    </para>
    <para>
      Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006
    </para>
    <para>
      Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores,
      etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of
      view, are sometimes included in the language instruction for
      DLIFLC students since military personnel may find themselves in
      positions where a clear understanding of conversations or written
      materials of this nature will be essential to their mission. The
      presence of controversial statements-whether real òr apparent-in
      DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the
      opinions of the writers, the DLIFLC, or the Department of Defense.
    </para>
    <para>
      Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC
      instructional materials to provide instruction in pronunciations
      and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is
      based solely on their value for instruction in the language. It
      does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial
      enterprise, nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other
      brand names and businesses not mentioned.
    </para>
    <para>
      In DLIFLC publications, the words he, him, and/or his denote both
      masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to
      translations of foreign language texts.
    </para>
    <para>
      The DLIFLC may not have full rights to the materials it produces.
      Purchase by the customer does net constitute authorization for
      reproduction, resale, or showing for profit. Generally, products
      distributed by the DLIFLC may be used in any not-for-profit
      setting without prior approval from the DLIFLC.
    </para>
    <para>
      ORN Workbook, Unit 2
    </para>
    <para>
      Example: (This example is limited to surnames.) The surnames Hū,
      Hú, Hǔ and Hù are listed on the chalkboard. Speaker 1 has taken
      the card for Hǔ from the deck of surname cards.
    </para>
    <para>
      S2: Nī xìng Hú ma?
    </para>
    <para>
      SI: Wǒ bú xìng Hú.
    </para>
    <para>
      S3: Nī xìng Hù ma?
    </para>
    <para>
      SI: Wo bú xìng Hù.
    </para>
    <para>
      SU: Nī xìng Hū ma?
    </para>
    <para>
      SI: Wǒ bú xìng Hū.
    </para>
    <para>
      S2: Nī xìng Hǔ.
    </para>
    <para>
      SI: Wǒ xìng Hǔ.
    </para>
    <para>
      Practice Points: Xìng, jiao, and ma. Also, the Pronunciation and
      Romanization Module through Tape I*<superscript>-</superscript>Tor
      through Tape 5 if you have studied P&amp;R 5)•
    </para>
    <section xml:id="preface">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark2" /><anchor id="bookmark3" />PREFACE</title>
      <para>
        Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an
        interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in
        August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S.
        Government language training community for improving and
        updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Beijing
        and Taipei.
      </para>
      <para>
        The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible
        enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide
        range of government agencies and academic institutions.
      </para>
      <para>
        A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of
        the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the
        Defense Language Institute, the State Department's Foreign
        Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National
        Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined
        by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The
        representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins,
        and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C.
        Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl);
        James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama
        (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant
        Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).
      </para>
      <para>
        The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in
        197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of
        the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and
        other assistance.
      </para>
      <para>
        Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning
        council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the
        Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University
        of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and
        James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A.
        Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W.
        Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan
        of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning
        council and contributed material to the project. The planning
        council drew up the original overall design for the materials
        and met regularly to review their development.
      </para>
      <para>
        Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T.
        Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in
        close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese
        staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the
        instructional formats of the comprehension and production
        self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based
        classroom activities and wrote the teacher's guides. Lucille A.
        Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the
        student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had
        joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they have worked as a team
        to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.
      </para>
      <para>
        All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan
        0. Chao Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu,
        Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time
        by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang.
        Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the
        preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.
      </para>
      <para>
        Administrative assistance was provided at various times by
        Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong,
        Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen
        Strype.
      </para>
      <para>
        The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M.
        Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The
        Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms.
        Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script
        was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano-, Ms. Ellis, Ms.
        Pola, and Ms. Strype.
      </para>
      <para>
        The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign
        Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general
        supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.
      </para>
      <para>
        Standard Chinese; A Modular Approach was field-tested with the
        cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute,
        Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the
        Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy;
        the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.
      </para>
      <para>
        Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster,
        Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language
        Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation
        of this edition of the course materials. This support included
        coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading,
        printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.
      </para>
      <para>
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          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-1.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        James R. Frith, Chairman
      </para>
      <para>
        Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board
      </para>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="contents">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark4" /><anchor id="bookmark5" />CONTENTS</title>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark2">Preface....................</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark6">MODULE 1: ORIENTATION . About
        Communication Games ...........  . .</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark7">UNIT 1 Communication Game</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark8">UNIT 2 Communication Game</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark9">About the C-2 and P-2 Tapes
        ....</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        UNIT 3
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark10">C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark11">P-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark12">Communication Game</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        UNIT U
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark13">C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark14">P-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark15">Communication Game . .</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        MODULE 2: BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
      </para>
      <para>
        UNIT 1
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark16">C-2 Workbook..............</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark17">P-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark18">Communication Game A</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark19">Communication Game B</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        UNIT 2
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark20">C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark21">P-2
        Workbook.......................59</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark22">Communication Game A</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark23">Communication Game B</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark24">UNIT 3 C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark25">P-2
        Workbook......................</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        Communication Game A .............. ..... 86
      </para>
      <para>
        Communication Game B................. . . . 9^
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark26">UNIT U C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark27">P-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark28">Communication Game A</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark29">Communication Game B</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        UNIT 5
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark30">C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark31">P-2 Workbook .</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark32">Communication Game A</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark33">Communication Game B</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        UNIT 6
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark34">C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark35">P-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark36">Communication Game A</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark37">Communication Game B . . . .</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        UNIT 7
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark38">C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark39">P-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark40">Communication Game</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        UNIT 8
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark41">C-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark42">P-2 Workbook</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark43">Communication Game</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark44">Vocabulary</link>
      </para>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="module-1-orientation">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark45" /><anchor id="bookmark46" />MODULE
      1: ORIENTATION</title>
      <para>
      </para>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="about-communication-games">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark18" /><anchor id="bookmark47" />ABOUT
      COMMUNICATION GAMES</title>
      <para>
        For the classroom activities called Communication-Games, the
        word &quot;communication&quot; is clearly appropriate. You are
        communicating. That is, you are purposefully exchanging
        information.
      </para>
      <para>
        The word &quot;games,&quot; however, has the drawback of
        suggesting a lack of seriousness, except perhaps for seriousness
        in competition. Communication Games are not meant to be
        entertaining breaks in the work of language learning, or rewards
        for that work. They are, instead, meant to be the most serious
        language-learning work of all. In fact, the only element of the
        games that is not serious is the occasional competition which
        may occur.
      </para>
      <para>
        Once the intent of the activity is understood, the word
        &quot;games&quot; turns out to be handy and apt. As in other
        games, you will find that situations, rules, and goals have been
        made up for the Communication Games. Also, as in other games,
        the Communication Games succeed in imitating reality in various
        ways.
      </para>
      <para>
        While expecting Communication Games to be serious work, you may
        find them entertaining and rewarding after all. If you do, it
        will probably be because you are communicating.
      </para>
      <para>
        You are learning Chinese to be able to communicate in Chinese.
        Language has other functions. People often talk with each other
        merely to avoid an awkward silence. They often talk right past
        each other, to let something out, or talk to themselves, to work
        something out. But the essential function of language is
        communication. You want to understand and be understood.
      </para>
      <para>
        In this course the assumption is made that you learn by doing.
        You learn to communicate by communicating. A lot of study time
        and even some class time must be spent on preparing to use the
        language, but no amount of preparation can take the place of
        trying to use the language.
      </para>
      <para>
        It is not enough, however, for the teacher to say &quot;Let’s
        talk.&quot; For one thing, you need something to talk about. The
        subject must be fairly definite if you are to be able to
        determine whether you have said what you wanted to say.
        Communication Games set up defined, limited situations to talk
        about.
      </para>
      <para>
        For another thing, as a speaker you need to know something the
        listener does not know. Similarly, as a listener you should not
        have the information the speaker has. Otherwise, nothing that is
        said will really tell anybody anything, or have any real effect.
        You would lose the best evidence that you have said what you
        meant to say or have understood what you were meant to
        understand. In Communication Games, therefore, the players are
        provided with different information so that they can exchange
        this information.
      </para>
      <para>
        To communicate, you need purpose. You need reasons for choosing
        to say or ask specific things. Your intention gives significance
        to what happens as a result of what you say. In Communication
        Games you will be given goals, such as the solution of a puzzle.
        Different ways to achieve the goals will occur to you as your
        knowledge of the situation changes and indeed as the situation
        changes.
      </para>
      <para>
        The Communication Games in this course make rather different
        demands on you than most classroom language-learning activities.
        You may find yourself groping for the right words and for the
        right way to put them together, or groping for the right
        meaning. But when you work these problems out for yourself, you
        are really learning the language. You are doing exactly what you
        will have to do when you speak Chinese on your own later on—but
        somewhat more slowly and consciously, as is generally the case
        when beginning something new.
      </para>
      <para>
        In other words, in Communication Games you are given
        opportunities to make mistakes. Without such opportunities, you
        have no chance to try out your understanding of how the language
        works.
      </para>
      <para>
        The time for help from the teacher is after you have said
        something. After you put a sentence together, partly consciously
        and partly unconsciously, you are particularly sensitive to what
        it contains. You know what words you selected, what grammar you
        applied, what pronunciation you attempted, and what meaning you
        intended. A correction is likely to meet a recognized need, or
        at least to click neatly into place. Saying the sentence once or
        twice after the instructor says it will pull things together for
        you. Often you will find that you do not need specific help but
        can pick up hints from the conversation—again, partly
        consciously and partly unconsciously.
      </para>
      <para>
        Obviously, you will &quot;play&quot; these Communication Games
        in Chinese. You should be able to say everything in Chinese,
        even to ask what an expression means or how to say something.
        Whatever you say in English is likely to tip your hand, to give
        away just enough of what you are trying to say to invalidate
        your attempt to say it in Chinese. (Nonverbal shortcuts can also
        ruin a game.)
      </para>
      <para>
        At times, a word or two in English between you and the teacher
        may straighten out a problem, but these instances will be few.
        Fight that occasional temptation to lapse into English,
        particularly when commenting on a game or on your performance.
        By far the best policy is to swear off English for the duration.
      </para>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="unit-1-communication-game">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark7" /><anchor id="bookmark48" />UNIT 1
      COMMUNICATION GAME</title>
      <para>
        INSTRUCTIONS:
      </para>
      <para>
        Type: Fact-Gathering
      </para>
      <para>
        Situation: You meet three people and exchange names.
      </para>
      <para>
        Goal: To ask and find out the names of other people and to tell
        them your name.
      </para>
      <para>
        Number of Players: Groups of four students or fewer.
      </para>
      <para>
        Materials: A work sheet for each player. (See Sample Work
        Sheets, which follow.)
      </para>
      <para>
        For the first round of the game, each male player assumes the
        man's name which is written on his work sheet. Female players
        assume women's names. For a second round, each male player
        assumes the woman's name written on his work sheet, and female
        players assume men's names. This arrangement will allow maximum
        practice in pronouncing different names.
      </para>
      <para>
        Procedure: For these conversations, you should use the
        ’’mingling” approach (as you would mingle at a party); that is,
        mix freely with the other players in your group to exchange
        information (no fixed order).
      </para>
      <para>
        Write down the names you learn in the empty boxes on your work
        sheet, using the correct Hànyǔ Pinyin romanization, including
        tone marks.
      </para>
      <para>
        Example: You are Speaker 1 (Si). You are talking with your first
        partner (S2):
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Ni shi shéi?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S2: Wo shi MS Mínglì. NÌ xìng shénme?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: W8 xìng Fang. WS shi Fang BSolán.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Additional. Note: If you don't catch a name, ask again, as many
        times as necessary. You may also use the polite request Qīng ni
        zài shuō yícì, &quot;Please say it again&quot; (from the first
        tape of the resource module on Classroom Expressions). Qing ni
        is actually pronounced qíng ni.
      </para>
      <para>
        Practice Points: Everything in Unit 1. Also, the Pronunciation
        and Romanization Module through Tape 2.
      </para>
      <para>
        SAMPLE WORK SHEETS:
      </para>
      <para>
        Full Name
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Mǎ Mínglī
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fang Baolán
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Full Name
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Huá Fānghǔ
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Lin Wénfēng
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Full Name
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Li Huánliàng
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Lù Wǎnfēng
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Full Name
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  •
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hong YSuwéi
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Luò Hǎiyáo
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Full Name
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fan Hèlóng
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Mao Wànfàng
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        BLANK WORK SHEET:
      </para>
      <para>
        Full Name
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  •
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Mr.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Ms.)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="unit-2-communication-game">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark8" /><anchor id="bookmark49" />UNIT 2
      COMMUNICATION GAME</title>
      <para>
        INSTRUCTIONS:
      </para>
      <para>
        Type: Guessing
      </para>
      <para>
        Situation: You are one cf four people with similar-sounding
        surnames and similar-sounding given names. You know all the
        names involved but have to guess which name belongs to which
        person.
      </para>
      <para>
        Goal: To guess people's surnames and given names.
      </para>
      <para>
        Number of Players: Groups of four students or fewer.
      </para>
      <para>
        Materials: One deck of cards with surnames written on them and
        another deck with given names. (There are enough names and cards
        for one group of players to play several rounds.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Setting up: First, your teacher will write on the chalkboard a
        list of the surnames and given names to be used in the game.
      </para>
      <para>
        Then, one player is selected to be the first person questioned,
        and he picks a surname card and a given-name card.
      </para>
      <para>
        Procedure: For these conversations, you should use the
        &quot;questioning by turns&quot; approach; that is, each player
        takes a turn at being questioned by all the other players.
      </para>
      <para>
        After the player to be questioned has selected his surname card
        and given-name card, the other players should then take turns
        trying to guess his surname and given name from the names on the
        chalkboard.' Use ma questions to guess his surname, unless there
        is only one possibility left, in which case the more appropriate
        choice is a simple statement of what his surname is.
      </para>
      <para>
        When the players have guessed the first person's name, a surname
        card and a given-name card are given to another player, who is
        then questioned. Continue until each player has been questioned.
      </para>
      <para>
        When you are questioning a player, do not follow the order in
        which the names are listed on the chalkboard. Instead, skip
        around. If you follow a recognizable order, everybody will know
        which name you are trying to pronounce. The purpose of the game,
        which is to be understood when pronouncing Chinese names, would
        thus be defeated.
      </para>
      <para>
        Example: (This example is limited to surnames.) The surname.
      </para>
      <para>
        and Hù are listed on the chalkboard. Speaker 1 has taken the
        care from the deck of surname cards.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S2: Nǐ xìng Hú ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: WǑ bú xìng Hú.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S3: Nī xìng Hù ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Wǒ bú xìng Hù.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Sh: Nī xìng Hū ma?
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Wǒ bú xìng Hū.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S2: Nī xìng Hǔ.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Wǒ xìng Hǔ.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Practice Points: Xìng, jiào, and ma. Also, the Pronunciation and
        Romanization Module through Tape
        b<superscript>-</superscript>(or through Tape 5 if you have
        studied P&amp;R 5)»
      </para>
      <para>
        CARDS—GIVEN NAMES
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhiyīng
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhiyīng
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhiyīng
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhiyīng
      </para>
      <para>
        Bàoyī
      </para>
      <para>
        Eàoyì
      </para>
      <para>
        Bàcyí
      </para>
      <para>
        Eàoyī
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qílóng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Chílcr.g
                </para>
                <para>
                  ____J
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xílór.g
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shílóng
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        CARDS—SURNAMES
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zāng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Cāng <subscript>t</subscript>
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shāng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sang
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zhang
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Chār.g
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  v’iār.r
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qiár.g
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Si
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sū
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  XI
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="about-the-c-2-and-p-2-tapes">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark9" /><anchor id="bookmark50" />ABOUT
      THE C-2 AND P-2 TAPES</title>
      <para>
        The C-2 and P-2 tapes are designed to give you as cany benefits
        of communication practice as possible in self-study materials.
        The idea of communication with a tape instead of a partner
        contradicts itself, of course. The tape has no need to know or
        to tell. It has none of the flexibility of a human speaker. But
        practice with these tapes is the closest you can come to
        communication practice outside the'classroom and outside real
        life.
      </para>
      <para>
        Some of the situations for the exercises are not like situations
        you will deal with in real life. The exercise situations are not
        intended to be realistic in this sense tut are intended to make
        the exercises more
        concrete.<anchor id="footnote1" /><superscript><link linkend="bookmark51">1</link></superscript>
        .In the exercises, the amount of concentrated practice with
        constructions and vocabulary items nurinp a few minutes of
        conversation might equal your exposure to these expressions over
        a period of days or weeks during a trip to China, i'er this
        reason you might find yourself, ’for-example,-playing. the role
        .of a hotel manager, or clerk, dealing with dozens _o.f
        guests<superscript><link linkend="bookmark51">1</link></superscript>
        rather than more, realistically acting as a guest..
      </para>
      <para>
        . ‘Approach the communication tapes as you a:.; reached the
        Communication Games: expect to be challenged; expect tc work cut
        hew to say specific things to fit the.facts and requirements of
        a situation; and expect to learn from correction and repetition
        after having made your test stat at an answer. Don’t be
        concerned about making mistakes. You-are very likely to make
        mistakes at the beginning of an exercise, when you are getting
        the feel of it. Sometimes, you may still te making mistakes at
        the end of an exercise, in which,case you might profit from
        another run-through.
      </para>
      <para>
        The communication tapes contain enough material in enough,
        variety to merit repeated use,'.either for initial learning or
        for review. Remember that these tapes are intended not as tests
        you should pass.handily or as assignments you must complete but
        rather as opportunities for you tc learn from the
        rough-and-tumble of the language in
        u<superscript><link linkend="bookmark51">1</link></superscript>se.
      </para>
      <para>
        Despite .the authors’.best efforts, instructions may not.afford
        immediate understanding of an activity, particularly if you have
        not already completed a similar activity in the classroom. After
        studying the instructions carefully, ycu may still find that you
        need to go through the first few items in an exercise before you
        understand fully what you are supposed to do.^ Examples in the
        instructions-are usually the first items in the taped exercises.
      </para>
      <para>
        There are many appropriate answers to most questions in these
        exercises, and the tape can provide only one correct response.
        Often the answer provided will be a fuller response than would
        be given in everyday conversation on the principle that a fuller
        answer will imply the correct shorter answer and will be more
        worthwhile to repeat. At the same time, the answer will always
        be as airect as possible, never including more than is
        .actually, asked for.
      </para>
      <para>
        You must use your own judgment in deciding whether y&amp;ur
        answer was acceptable. If you recognize that the suggested
        answer given cn tape is what you intended to say and if you are
        reasonably'sure that your way of saying it is just as good, note
        that the answer could he said two ways. If you can see where you
        went wrong, note that. If you are not sure about your answer,
        the best thing you can de. is copy down the question anu'your
        answer and consult either the text ox- your instructor. Don’t
        let it bother you if a few problems remain unresolved.
      </para>
      <para>
        Some additional vocabulary items are. introduced on the
        communication tapes for most units and are used for the drill
        tape,s and in class. There are just enough of these items to
        allow you to exploit the sentence types you are learning and to
        explore the situation'topics you are covering. The items are
        included in the instructions for the C-f and 1'-' exercises and
        may also be found in the.text Target Lists, Reference Lists, and
        Vocabularies for the units. 'Some items are'also in Resource
        Modules. .
      </para>
      <para>
        A few comprehension.exercises contain sentences that are over
        your head. These over-the-heaǔ items are included, to givix you.
        practice in picking out the sentences you understand from a
        stream, of Chinese speech. You are not meant to try to learn
        these sentences.
      </para>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="unit-3-c-2-workbook">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark10" /><anchor id="bookmark52" />UNIT 3
      C-2 WORKBOOK</title>
      <section xml:id="exercise-1">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark53" /><anchor id="bookmark54" />EXERCISE
        1</title>
        <para>
          Display I is a map of part of China showing the birthplaces of
          the four people named in the margins. Exercise 1 is a series
          of yes/no questions about these four people. After listening
          to each question, consult the map and answer the question
          &quot;yes&quot; or &quot;no&quot; by putting a check mark in
          front of the appropriate response. If the pause on tape before
          the speaker answers a question is not long enough, stop the
          tape.
        </para>
        <para>
          DISPLAY I
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhóu Qing
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-2.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
        <para>
          Jiang Shiyīng Tóngzhi
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="10">
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="10*" align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    1.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) No
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    7-
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    2.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) No
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    8.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    3.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) No
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    o
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    •
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    U.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) No
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    10.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    5.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) No
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    11.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    6.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) No
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    12.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-2">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark55" /><anchor id="bookmark56" />EXERCISE
        2</title>
        <para>
          Display II is a map indicating the names and birthplaces of
          four people now living in Taipei. Exercise 2- is a series of
          questions about the people. After listening to each
          question-word question, put a check mark in front of the
          response that gives the information requested. After each
          yes/no question, check &quot;yes&quot; or &quot;no.&quot;
          There is a pause on tape before the speaker answers each
          question.
        </para>
        <para>
          (Notice that all the &quot;yes&quot; and &quot;no&quot;
          answers start out' with shì and bú shi.)
        </para>
        <para>
          DISPLAY II
        </para>
        <para>
          Tang Zhènhàn Xiānsheng
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-3.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="10">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    1.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Californian
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) American
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    2.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Californian
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) American
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    3.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Jiāngsū
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    U.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Zhejiang
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No .
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    5.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Shandong
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    6.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    j
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Zhejiang
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    7.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Californian
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) American
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    8.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Jiāngsū
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    9-
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Zhejiang
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    10.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Shandong
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    11.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Shāndōng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    12.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    from Jiāngsū
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Chinese
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yes
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    No
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-3">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark57" /><anchor id="bookmark58" />EXERCISE
        3</title>
        <para>
          In this exercise you will work on your comprehension of
          questions which ask who different people are and what their
          names are. For each item, a speaker will ask a question about
          the person whose name is written in this workbook after the
          item number. All the information you need to answer each
          question is in the underlined full name and title. Put a check
          mark in front of the answer that gives the information
          requested.
        </para>
        <para>
          Example from the Tape:
        </para>
        <para>
          SI: Tā shi shéi?
        </para>
        <para>
          (pause on tape to allow you to mark your answer)
        </para>
        <para>
          S2: Tā shi Lin Déxián Tóngzhì.
        </para>
        <para>
          Example from the Workbook:
        </para>
        <para>
          1. Lin Déxián Tóngzhì Lin Déxián Tóngzhì
        </para>
        <para>
          Lin
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ( ) Déxián ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Lin Déxián Tóngzhì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Lin Déxián Tóngzhì ( ) Lin ( ) Déxián         ( ) Yes ( )
          No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Jiang Shìying Tóngzhì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Jiang Shìying Tóngzhì ( ) Jiang ( ) Shìying ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Zhao Ziyàn Tóngzhì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Zhao Ziyàn Tóngzhì ( ) Zhao ( ) Ziyàn         ( ) Yes ( )
          No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              U. Zhōu QIng Tóngzhì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Zhōu QIng Tóngzhì ( ) Zhōu ( ) QIng         ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. Táng Zhènhàn Xiānsheng
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Táng Zhènhàn Xiānsheng ( ) Táng ( ) Zhènhàn ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Gāo Dall Tàitai
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Gāo Dàll Tàitai ( ) Gāo ( ) Dall          ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Fāng Mlnzhēn Xiāojiě
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Fāng Mlnzhēn Xiaojiě ( ) Fāng ( ) Mlnzhēn         ( ) Yes
          ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              8. Wang Dànián Xiānsheng
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Wang Dànián Xiānsheng ( ) Wáng ( ) Dànián         ( ) Yes
          ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              9. Lin Déxián Tongzhì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Lin Déxián Tongzhì ( ) Lin ( ) Déxián         ( ) Yes ( )
          No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              10. Jiang Shìylng Tongzhì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Jiang Shìylng Tongzhì ( ) Jiang ( ) Shìylng ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              11. Zhào Zìyàn Tongzhì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Zhào Ziyàn Tongzhì ( ) Zhào ( ) Ziyàn         ( ) Yes ( )
          No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              12. Zhōu Qing Tongzhì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Zhōu Qing Tongzhì ( ) Zhōu ( ) Qing         ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              13. Tang Zhènhàn Xiānsheng
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Táng Zhènhàn Xiānsheng ( ) Táng ( ) Zhènhàn ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              14. Gáo Dàlī Tàitai
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Gáo Dàll Tàitai ( ) Gāo ( ) Dàll         ( ) Yes ( ) No
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              15. Fang Minzhén Xiāojiě
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Fang Mlnzhēn Xiāojiě ( ) Fang ( ) Mlnzhēn         ( ) Yes
          ( ) No-
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              16. Wáng Dànián Xiānsheng
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ( ) Wáng Dànián Xiānsheng ( ) Wáng ( ) Dànián         ( ) Yes
          ( ) No
        </para>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-4">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark59" /><anchor id="bookmark60" />EXERCISE
        4</title>
        <para>
          For each item in this exercise, a speaker will introduce
          himself. Indicate by a check mark which of the two romanized
          names is the one he gave. Then the speaker will tell you which
          one is and which one is not the one he gave. For example, if
          the speaker says
        </para>
        <para>
          Wo shi Wáng Dànián
        </para>
        <para>
          you should answer in your workbook OZ) Wang Dànián         ( )
          Huang Dànián
        </para>
        <para>
          Then the speaker will say
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ shi Wang Dànián, bú shi Huang Dànián.
        </para>
        <para>
          (Notice that he mentions the names in left-to-right order.)
        </para>
        <para>
          For another example, the speaker says
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ shi Huang Dànián.
        </para>
        <para>
          You should answer in your workbook ( ) Wang Dànián
                  (l/) Huáng Dànián
        </para>
        <para>
          Then the speaker will confirm:
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ bú xìng Wáng, xìng Huáng.
        </para>
        <para>
          (Again, you can rely on his mentioning the choice on the left
          first and the choice on the right second.)
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        1. ( ) Lin Déxián
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        2. ( ) Jiāng Shiying
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        3. ( ) Zhào Ziyàn
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                  </itemizedlist>
                  <para>
                    U.   ( ) Zhōu QIng
                  </para>
                  <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        5. ( ) Táng Zhènhàn
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        6. ( ) Gāo Dall Tàitai
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        7. ( ) Fāng Mlnzhēn
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        8. ( ) Wáng Dànián
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        9. ( ) Mā Zìqiáng
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        10. ( ) Sun Měilián
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        11. ( ) Jiāng Huìwén
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        12. ( ) Jiāng Yǒngpíng
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        13. ( ) Lī Huìrán
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                  </itemizedlist>
                  <para>
                    1U.  ( ) Chāng Lìróng
                  </para>
                  <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        15- ( ) Máo Shìmíng
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        16. ( ) Guō Shàowēn
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        17- ( ) Lou Cheng
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        18. ( ) Zhāng Měizhēn
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        19. ( ) Zhào Jièshī
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                    <listitem>
                      <para>
                        20. ( ) SI Dàiwéi
                      </para>
                    </listitem>
                  </itemizedlist>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Lin Déqián
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Jiāng Zhiyīng
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Zhào Ziyàn
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Zhū QIng
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Tán Zhènhàn
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Gāo Dàlī Tàitai
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Feng Mlnzhēn
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Huáng Dànián
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Mā Zhìqiáng
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Sun Měilán
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Jiāng Huìwén
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Zhāng Yǒngpíng
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Li Huìrán
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Zhāng Lìróng
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Máo Sìmíng
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Guō Shàowén
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Luo Chéng
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Zhuāng Měizhēn
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Zhào Jièshí
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    ( ) Shi Dàiwéi
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-5">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark61" /><anchor id="bookmark62" />EXERCISE
        5</title>
        <para>
          For each item, the speaker will tell you where he is from,
          twice. Write the place name in romanization, including the
          tone marks. If you need more time to complete an answer, stop
          the tape.
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2.
              ______________________________________________________________
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3.
              _________________________________________________________________________
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          U.
          ________________________________________________________________________.
                 ____________________________________
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. __________________________________________
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6.
              ___________________________________________________________________________
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7.
              ___________________________________________________________________________
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              8.
              __________________________________________________________
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              9-
              _________________________________________________________________________
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              10.
              ________________________________________________________________________
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-6">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark63" /><anchor id="bookmark64" />EXERCISE
        6</title>
        <para>
          In this exercise you will fill in the boxes below with
          information from a recorded dialogue. You will hear the
          dialogue three times. As you listen to it for the third time,
          stop the tape whenever you hear information which you need to
          fill in a box. (The third time, there will be enough time
          between sentences for you to stop the tape and start it up
          again without missing
          anything.)<anchor id="footnote2" /><superscript><link linkend="bookmark65">2</link></superscript>
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="4">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    MALE SPEAKER
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    FEMALE SPEAKER
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    OTHER PERSON TALKED ABOUT
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    SURNAME
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    GIVEN NAME
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    NATIONALITY
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    PLACE OF ORIGIN
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="unit-3-p-2-workbook">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark24" /><anchor id="bookmark66" />UNIT 3
      P-2 WORKBOOK</title>
      <section xml:id="exercise-1-1">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark67" /><anchor id="bookmark68" />EXERCISE
        1</title>
        <para>
          Display I, on the next page, is a map of part of China showing
          the birthplaces of the four people named in the margins. Use
          the information in the display to answer the questions in this
          exercise. The speaker will ask each question twice. Then he
          will pause to allow you to answer. (You may stop the tape to
          give yourself more time if you cannot come up with an answer
          right away.) After this pause, the speaker will give you a
          correct answer and then pause again to allow you to repeat it.
          An example precedes the first item on the tape.
        </para>
        <para>
          Your answer may be different from the speaker's answer but
          still perfectly correct. If you are not sure whether yours is
          right or not, make a note and consult your instructor later.
        </para>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-2-1">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark69" /><anchor id="bookmark70" />EXERCISE
        2</title>
        <para>
          Display II, on the next page, shows the names and birthplaces
          of four people now living in Taipei. Use the display to answer
          the questions in this exercise. The speaker will follow the
          procedure used for asking questions in Exercise 1.
        </para>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-3-1">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark71" /><anchor id="bookmark72" />EXERCISE
        3</title>
        <para>
          The names of the eight people in Display I and Display II are
          numbered. When the speaker says &quot;Number One,&quot; that
          means that the following questions will be about the person
          with the number 1 next to his name. After the speaker says
          &quot;Number Two,&quot; your answers should be about Máo
          Zhìmín Tongzhì. And so forth.
        </para>
        <para>
          Questions will not be repeated. After each question there will
          be a pause for your answer, then a confirmation from the
          speaker, and then a pause for repetition.
        </para>
        <para>
          DISPLAY I *               U
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-4.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
        <para>
          conglomerate is knowi as Wuhan.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          DISPLAY II *       8
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Chén Yongpmg Taitai
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-5.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
        <para>
          5
        </para>
        <para>
          Wang Dànián Xiānsheng
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          *The numbers included in this display are for use in
          completing Exercise 3.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-4-1">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark73" /><anchor id="bookmark74" />EXERCISE
        4</title>
        <para>
          In the conversation on tape, Edward Smith, from Pennsylvania,
          is meeting someone for the first time in Taipei. After each
          question addressed to Smith, try to give the answer before he
          does. (You may stop the tape before answering.) Further
          instructions are on the tape.
        </para>
        <para>
          Here is the information you will need for this exercise:
        </para>
        <para>
          SI Déhuá
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          (Edward Smith)
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Bīnzhōu
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          (Pennsylvania)
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="unit-3-communication-game">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark12" /><anchor id="bookmark75" />UNIT 3
      COMMUNICATION GAME</title>
      <para>
        INSTRUCTIONS:
      </para>
      <para>
        Type: Matching
      </para>
      <para>
        Situation: The setting is Taipei. You are one of four married
        people who meet and talk about what provinces they and their
        husbands or wives are from.
      </para>
      <para>
        Goal: To find people who come from the same province.
      </para>
      <para>
        Number of Players: Groups no larger than four players.
      </para>
      <para>
        Materials: A work sheet for each player. (See Sample Work
        Sheets, which follow.) Your work sheet shows your name, your
        home province, and the home province of your spouse.
      </para>
      <para>
        Procedure: For these conversations, use the &quot;mingling&quot;
        approach; that is, mix freely with the other players in your
        group to exchange information (no fixed order).
      </para>
      <para>
        When you find someone from your province, say in Chinese
        &quot;I'm also from . . . .&quot; Complete your work sheet by
        filling in the home provinces of the other players and their
        spouses as you learn them.
      </para>
      <para>
        Example: You are Speaker 1 (Si).
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Nín guìxìng?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S2: W3 xìng Mǎ. Nì shi shéi?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: WǑ shi Lí Shoutiān. Mǎ Xiānsheng, nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S2: Wo shi Shāndōng rén.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Mǎ Tàitai shi nǎrde rén?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S2 Tā shi Héběi rén.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        SI: Wǒ ye (&quot;also&quot;) shi Héběi rén.
      </para>
      <para>
        Additional Note: Notice in the last line of the example that the
        new word yě, &quot;also,&quot; is used before the verb shi. Yě
        is not introduced until Unit U, but try to use it now when you
        point out a match.
      </para>
      <para>
        Practice Points: Nǎrde rén, (province) rén.
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-6.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        Mrs. Sima Shimín
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ORN Workbook, Unit 3
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-7.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ORN Workbook, Unit 3
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        r\&gt; oo
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-8.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ORN Workbook, Unit 3
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ro
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        M3
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-9.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ORN Workbook, Unit 3
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="unit-4-c-2-workbook">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark13" /><anchor id="bookmark76" />UNIT 4
      C-2 WORKBOOK</title>
      <section xml:id="exercise-1-2">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark77" /><anchor id="bookmark78" />EXERCISE
        1</title>
        <para>
          This exercise is based on a conversation between Mr. Davis and
          Comrade Qián, who have just met. You will hear the
          conversation three times. As you listen to it for the third
          time, stop the tape as needed to write down information
          required to complete the chart below.
        </para>
        <para>
          Here are vocabulary items you will need for this exercise:
        </para>
        <para>
          Niǔyiiēzhōu      (New York State)
        </para>
        <para>
          Bīnzhōu         (Pennsylvania)
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    HOME STATE OR PROVINCE
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    PRESENT LOCATION
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Mr. Davis (Dàiwéisī)
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Comrade Qián
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Mrs. Davis
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Comrade Qián’s husband
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-2-2">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark79" /><anchor id="bookmark80" />EXERCISE
        2</title>
        <para>
          In this exercise you will listen to fifteen recorded passages
          in which the names of people’s home provinces are mentioned.
          After hearing each passage, write in Pinyin romanization the
          name of the person’s home province in the blank beside his
          name.
        </para>
        <para>
          You will hear each passage twice. After listening for the
          second time, fill in the blank. You may stop the tape if you
          need extra time to write, and you may rewind if you need to
          listen again.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    1.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Wáng Guìfān
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    HOME PROVINCE
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    2.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    He Róngwiáng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    3.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Sun Guópíng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    U.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Feng Guóān
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    5.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Li Bǎoyí
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    6.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhōu Shàohuá
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    7-
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Wú Yùfān
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    8.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Chen Shūyí
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    9.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhōu Dàyōu
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    10.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Shěn Xiùyīng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    11.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Táo Ailing
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    12.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Yáng Wěiguó
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    13.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qián Wěidá
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    1U.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zheng Zhìpíng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    15.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Huang Huìzhū
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    16.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhū Xiùméi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    17.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Bái Mínghuā     __
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-3-2">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark81" /><anchor id="bookmark82" />EXERCISE
        3</title>
        <para>
          This exercise is based on a conversation between Mr. Bailey
          and Comrade Fāng which takes place when they happen to meet on
          the street. They have been introduced previously but have
          never had a chance to talk.
        </para>
        <para>
          The conversation has deliberately not been edited to the point
          where you can understand everything, but you should be able to
          understand enough to complete the chart below. Imagine
          yourself in China, listening to a conversation between two
          fluent speakers of Chinese. Try to understand as much as you
          can.
        </para>
        <para>
          You will hear the conversation three times. As you listen to
          it for the third time, stop the tape as needed to write down
          information.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    HOME STATE OR PROVINCE
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    PRESENT LOCATION
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Mr. Bailey (Bèilì)
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Comrade Fāng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Mrs. Bailey
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Comrade Fang’s husband
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="unit-4-p-2-workbook">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark16" /><anchor id="bookmark83" />UNIT 4
      P-2 WORKBOOK</title>
      <section xml:id="exercise-1-3">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark84" /><anchor id="bookmark85" />EXERCISE
        1</title>
        <para>
          In this exercise you will practice talking about where people
          are in terms of ’’here&quot; and &quot;there.&quot;'
        </para>
        <para>
          The Display I diagram sets the scene. The two speakers on tape
          are standing in front of the Beijing Hotel. (They are
          represented by the solid triangle Cthe man 3 and the solid
          circle Cthe woman!.) Comrade Gāo and Comrade Zhao are standing
          nearby, near enough to be considered &quot;here,&quot;
          although neither is in the conversation. Comrade MS and
          Comrade Chén are in sight across the street, definitely
          &quot;there.&quot; (These four people are represented by the
          outline triangles and circles.)
        </para>
        <para>
          During the pause on tape after each question asked by the
          First Speaker try to give an answer. Then you will hear the
          Second Speaker’s answer. Repeat it during the pause which
          follows.
        </para>
        <para>
          DISPLAY I
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-10.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-2-3">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark86" /><anchor id="bookmark87" />EXERCISE
        2</title>
        <para>
          In this exercise you will talk about where people are from and
          where they are now.
        </para>
        <para>
          Display II contains the information needed to answer the
          questions on tape. This display shows the birthplaces and
          present locations of three people. The solid arrows show that
          Comrade Li was bom in Sichuan and that Comrade Lu (his wife)
          and Comrade Lǔ were born in Yúnnán. The broken arrows show
          that Comrade Li and his wife are presently in Sichuan and that
          Comrade Lú is in Yúnnèn. (This exercise does not make
          reference to the cities of Chéngdū and Kunming.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Answer each question, and repeat the acceptable answers which
          follow your responses. If you need time to work out an answer,
          stop the tape. Keep in mind that your answer may have been
          perfectly correct even if it was not worded exactly like the
          answer on tape. You should be able to decide whether your
          answer was correct or not. If you are not sure, write down the
          question and your answer, and consult your teacher later.
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-11.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-3-3">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark88" /><anchor id="bookmark89" />EXERCISE
        3</title>
        <para>
          This exercise is a continuation of Exercise 2 and is based on
          Display II. In this exercise the cities of Chengdu and Kunming
          are ment ioned.
        </para>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="exercise-4-2">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark90" /><anchor id="bookmark91" />EXERCISE
        4</title>
        <para>
          This exercise gives you a chance to answer questions you are
          likely to be asked when first meeting someone.
        </para>
        <para>
          In the recorded dialogue, Comrade Qian is beginning a
          conversation with Mr. Davis. They are in Běijīng. Use the
          information in Display III to answer each question asked by
          Comrade Qián. Then listen to Mr. Davis’ answer. Finally,
          repeat his answer.
        </para>
        <para>
          DISPLAY III
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="4">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    SURNAME
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Davis
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (Dàiwéisī)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    COUNTRY
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    U.S.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (Měiguō)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    HOME STATE
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    New York State
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (Niǔyuēzhōu)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    WIFE'S PRESENT LOCATION
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    New York State
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (Niǔyuēzhōu)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    WIFE’S HOME STATE
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Pennsylvania
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (Binzhōu)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="unit-4-communication-game">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark15" /><anchor id="bookmark92" />UNIT 4
      COMMUNICATION GAME</title>
      <para>
        INSTRUCTIONS:
      </para>
      <para>
        Type: Matching
      </para>
      <para>
        Situation: The setting is Taipei. You are talking with someone
        about what provinces eight other people are from and what
        provinces they happen to be in now.
      </para>
      <para>
        Goal: To find people from the same home province or people who
        are now in the same province.
      </para>
      <para>
        Number of Players: Pairs of students.
      </para>
      <para>
        Materials: A fact sheet for each player. (See Sample Fact
        Sheets, which follow.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Each of the four arrows on a fact sheet is labeled with a
        person's name and leads from his home province to the province
        where he is now. The names of the four people your partner knows
        about are listed in the lower left-hand corner of the fact
        sheet.
      </para>
      <para>
        Procedure: Each player should ask about the home provinces and
        current locations of the four people his partner knows about.
        (No fixed order for asking questions.) While questioning your
        partner, scan your fact sheet for matches. When you find a
        match, point it out immediately, using the word yě,
        &quot;also.&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        Example: You are Speaker 1.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Táng Yǒngpíng lāojiā zài nǎr?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S2: Tā lāojiā zài Hebei.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Tā xiànzài zài nār?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            S2: Tā xiànzài zài Shandong.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            SI: Li Shìmín xiànzài yě zài Shāndōng.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Additional Note: If you don't recognize the name of a province
        or if you don't know where a province is, refer to the map in
        your textbook. You may also ask your teacher where a province
        is, but only in Chinese!
      </para>
      <para>
        Practice Points: Lāojiā zài, xiànzài zài, yě.
      </para>
      <para>
        SAMPLE FACT SHEETS:
      </para>
      <para>
        Táng Yǒngpíng Zhōu Huìwén Jiāng ZhīyuSn Gāo Yùzhēn
      </para>
      <para>
        Li Shìmín Zhāng Juān Li Déxián Zhào Wānrú
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-12.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        Déxián
      </para>
      <para>
        Li Shìmín
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhìyuan
      </para>
      <para>
        Jiang
      </para>
      <para>
        Yūzhēn
      </para>
      <para>
        Gao
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhang
      </para>
      <para>
        Juan
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Zhōu Huìwén
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Táng Yǒngpíng Zhōu Huìwén Jiang Zhīyu&amp;n Gāo Yùzhēn
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-13.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        Ll Dexián
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhao Wanrū
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Zhang Juān
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-14.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhào Wǎnru
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-15.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-16.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        LÍ Shìmín
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Táng Yǒngpíng Zhōu Huìwén Jiang Zhīyuán Gāo Yùzhēn
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-17.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-18.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
<inlinemediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-19.png" />
</imageobject>
</inlinemediaobject></literallayout>
      <para>
        LI Shìmín Zhāng Juān Li Déxián Zhào Wānrú
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentWorkbook-20.png" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        Yūzhēn
      </para>
      <para>
        Gao
      </para>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="vocabulary">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark44" /><anchor id="bookmark93" />VOCABULARY</title>
      <para>
        Module &amp; Unit
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  a
                </para>
                <para>
                  àiren
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (question marker) spouse
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ba
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (marker for a question which
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  expresses the speaker’s supposition as to what the
                  answer will be)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bàba
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  papa, dad, father
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bìng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to become ill
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Bīnzhou
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Pennsylvania
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3’, l.U’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bù/bú
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  not
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bú shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  not to be
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bú zài le
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be deceased
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  cóngqián
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  before, previously
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dà
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be large
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8’, CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dàfàndiàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hotel
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dào
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to arrive
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dàshī
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ambassador
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dàxíié
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  university
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -de
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (possessive marker)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Déguó (Déguo)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Germany
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Déwén
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  German language
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7*, 2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dezhōu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Texas
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dì-
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  used in forming ordinal numbers
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dìdi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  younger brother
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dìyī Dàfàndiàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  First Hotel (name of a hotel in
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Taipei)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dìzhī
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  address
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dong
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to understand
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8’, CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dōu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  all, both
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  duì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be correct
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8*, CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  duìbuqǐ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  I’m sorry, excuse me
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  duì le
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yes, that’s right
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1, CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  duo dà
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how old
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  duo jiù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how long
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        JOTE: The * symbol appears after the module and unit reference
        for vocabulary items which are not required either for
        comprehension or production.
      </para>
      <para>
        Éguó (Èguó)(-guo) Russia èr                    two
      </para>
      <para>
        1.3
      </para>
      <para>
        NUM 1
      </para>
      <para>
        2.5, T&amp;D 1
      </para>
      <para>
        2.H
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Èryiiè (Èryiiè)          February
      </para>
      <para>
        érzi                   son
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fǎguó (Fàguó)(-guo)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  France
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fānchéng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to translate into
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fàndiàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hotel; restaurant
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fawén (Fawén)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  French language
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.?’, 2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fāyīn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pronunciation
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fùmu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  parents
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fùqin
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  father
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fūren
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Mrs., Lady, Madame; a very polite word for the wife of
                  a high-ranking person
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1+
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -ge
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (general counter)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  gēge
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  older brother
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  gēn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  and; with
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  gōngzuò
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to work
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  guìxìng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  your honorable surname
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -guó
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  country
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -guo
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (experience marker)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Guóbīn Dàfàndiàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Ambassador Hotel (name of a hotel
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        in Taipei)
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hái
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  still
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  haijūn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  navy
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  háizi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  child, children
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hao
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be good, to be well
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.'2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -hào
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  no. (in addresses, etc.); day of
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  the month
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hen
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  very
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hòunián (hòunian)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  the year after next
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hòutiān (hòutian)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  the day after tomorrow
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2. It, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  huì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to know how to, can; to have
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7, 2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  the skill or knowledge of,
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to know
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  huídá
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to answer, to reply
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jl-
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how many
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiā
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  plus; to add
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 1+
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jia
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  home
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -Jiā
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (counter for institutions)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiāli
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  family
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Ji an
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to meet
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiànádà
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Canada
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiao
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be called, to be given-named
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiāzhōu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  California
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiē
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  street
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jiéhūn (jiehūn)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to get married, to be married
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ’ 2.U*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jiějie
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  older sister
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jiěmèi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  sisters
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jǐge xǐngqī
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how many weeks
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jǐge yuè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how many months
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jìhào
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  what day of the month
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  JīngJixué
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  economics
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jínián
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how many years
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jīnnián (jǐnnian)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  this year
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jíntiān (jintian)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  today
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U, T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jǐsuì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how old
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jǐtiān
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how many days
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiǔ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nine
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  only
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiǔyūè (Jiǔyūe)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  September
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jíyǐiè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  what month
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  junguān
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  military officer
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  junrén
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  military person
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  kè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  class
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  kěshi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  but
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  kongjun
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  air force
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lái
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to come
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  iSojiā
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ’’original home”
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lǎoshī
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  teacher
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  le
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (combined le: new-situation
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  and completion marker)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  le
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (new-situation marker)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  le
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (completion marker)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  liǎng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  two
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  llbàijí
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  what day of the week
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Líbàitian
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sunday
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Líbàiyī •
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Monday
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ling
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zero
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lìshǐ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  history
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  liù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  six
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Liùyǔè (Liùyiie)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  June
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  road
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  luguǎn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hotel
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lùjun
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  army
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ma
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (question marker)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mama
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  momma, mom, mother
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  man
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be slow
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  méi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  not, not to have
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Me i guó (Me i guo)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  America, United States
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Měiguo Guojì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  U.S. International Communica-
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiāoliú Zongshǔ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tions Agency
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Měiguo Guowùyiiàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  U.S. State Department
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Měiguo Yínháng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Bank of America
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  méi Jiéhūn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  not to be married
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1*’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mèimei
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  younger sister
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  méi(you)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  not to have; there isn’t/aren’t
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -men
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  plural suffix
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Měngtèruì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Monterey
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7°
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  míngnián
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  next year
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (míngnian)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  míngtiān
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tomorrow
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1*, T&amp;D 2, CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (míngtiān)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  míngzi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  given name
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mǔqin
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mother
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nà
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  that
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nàge
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  that (one)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nali
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  where
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  náli
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Not at all!
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nàli
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  there
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nan
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be difficult
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nánháizi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  boy
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nanpéngyou
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  boyfriend
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3'
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nar
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  where
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nàr (nèr)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  there
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ne
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (question marker)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  něi-
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  which
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  něige
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  which
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nèige
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  that
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  něigué
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  which country
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  něinián
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  which year
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  něitiān
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  which day
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nèr (nàr)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  there
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nǐ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  you
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -nián
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  year
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nianji
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  age, years old
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  niánnián
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  every year
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  niàn shū
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to study
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  niàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to study
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nǐmen
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  you (plural)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nín
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  you (polite)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Niǔ Yǔē
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  New York
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Niu Yuē Zhōu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  New York State
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nuer
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  daughter
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nuháizi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  girl
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nushì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Ms., Miss; lady
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nutóngzhì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (female) Comrade
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  péngyou
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  friend
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pǔbù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  waterfall
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3'
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  seven
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  qiánnián
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  the year before last
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (qiánnián) qianti an
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  the day before yesterday
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (qiántian) qīngchu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be clear
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qingdao
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qingdao (a city in Shandong
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  province)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  qlngwèn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  May I ask...
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qīyǔè (Qíyue)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  July
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  qunián (qúnian)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to go last year
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6
                </para>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  rén
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  person
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Rìbēn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Japan
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Rìwén
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Japanese language
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  róngyi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be easy
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  sān
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  three
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sānyǔè (Sānyǔe)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  March
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shandong
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shandong (a province of China)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shàngge
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  last, previous (i.e., last month,
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5*, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shàngge yǔè)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shàngge xīngqī
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  last week
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5*, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shàngge yuè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  last month
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5°, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shanghai
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shànghǎi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shàng kè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to begin class, to attend class
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shàoxiào
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  major (military title)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shēi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  who
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shēng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be born
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shēngyln
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  voice, sound, noise
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (shēngyin)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shénme
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  what
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shénme dìfang
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  where, what place
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shénme shíhou
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  when, what time
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1+
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ten
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yes, that’s so
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shìbīng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  enlisted man
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shi de
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yes, that’s so
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shi...-de
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (focus construction)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shíèryūè (Shíèryue)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  December
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shìguān
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  sergeant
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shíhou
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  time
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1+
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shíyiyūè (Shíyiyue)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  November
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shíyuè (Shíyue)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  October
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shū
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  book
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shuō
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to say, to speak
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shuō
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to speak a language
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shuō
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to say that...
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shuōcuò
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to speak/say incorrectly
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  SI
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  four
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sìyuè (Sìyíie)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  April
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -suì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  year (of age)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  suìshu(r)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  age
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tā
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  he, she, it
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  too, excessive
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tàitai
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Mrs., wife
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Taiwan Yínháng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Bank of Taiwan
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2'
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tāmen
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  they
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -táng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  class period
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -tian
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  day
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1+
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tiāntiān
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  every day
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1+'
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ting
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to listen
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8’, CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tóngzhì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  comrade
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Wàijiāo Xuéyìiàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Foreign Service Institute
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wài zǔfù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  maternal grandfather
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wàizǔmǔ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  maternal grandmother
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -wèi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (polite counter for people)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wen
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to ask (for information)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1+’, CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wèntí
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  question, problem
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wénxíié
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  literature
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wǒ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  I, me
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  women
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  we, us
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wǔ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  five
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Wǔguānchù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Defense Attache’s Office
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Wǔyuè (Wǔyūe)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  May
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiàge
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  next (i.e., next month, xiàge yǔè)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5*, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiàge xlngqí
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  next week
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5*, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiàge yuè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  next month
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5*
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xià kè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to end class
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiang
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to think that; to want to, would like to
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5*, 2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiansheng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Mr., sir
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiànzài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  now
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiǎojiě (xiáojie)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Miss
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiě
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to write
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xièxie
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  thank you
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xìng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be surnamed
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xìngqǐ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  week
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.6, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xīngqijǐ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  what day of the week
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xíngqǐtiān
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sunday
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xíngqìyl
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Monday
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiōngdì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  brothers
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiōngdì Jiěmèi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  brothers and sisters
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xué
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to study
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xūéshēng (xuésheng)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  student
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xuéxí (xuéxi)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to study, to learn (PRC)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yě
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  also
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yí
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  one
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  NUM 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yícì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  once, one time
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 1, CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yìdiǎn(diǎn) (yìdiǎnr)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  a little
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7, CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yíge rén
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  singly, alone
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yíhào (yíhào)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  the first day of the month
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yíjǐng (yíjing)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  already
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Yíjiǔ nian
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  the year 19
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Yíngguó (Yíngguo)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  England
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yíng le
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  won
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Yíngwén
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  English language
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yínháng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bank
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yìsi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  meaning
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Yiyuè (Yíyuè) (-yue)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  January
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  you      <subscript>f</subscript>
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to have; there is/are
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yōuzhèngjú
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  post office
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2’
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yuè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  month
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5, T&amp;D 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  again
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be in/at/on
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  in/at/on (prepositional verb)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zǎo.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Good morning.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1, CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zěnme
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  CE 2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  this
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhège
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  this (one)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhèi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  this
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhèige
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  this
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhèige yuè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  this month
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U°, 2.5°
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhèli
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  here
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhèngzhixué
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  political science
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhèr
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  here
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  l.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhǐ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  only
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhidao
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to know
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8°, CE 1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zhōngguó
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  China
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Zhōngguó)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zhōngguó huà
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Chinese (spoken) language
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zhōngwén
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Chinese language
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to stay, to live
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.1, 2.6
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  character (of Chinese writing)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zǒu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to leave
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zǔfù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  paternal grandfather
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zǔmǔ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  paternal grandmother
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zuò
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to do, to make
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.7
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zuò shì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to work
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.8
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zuótiān (zuōtian)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yesterday
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.5
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        210
      </para>
      <para>
        <superscript><link linkend="footnote1">1</link></superscript><anchor id="bookmark51" />
      </para>
      <para>
        This comment applies as well tc many of the classroom
        communication activities.
      </para>
      <para>
        <superscript><link linkend="footnote2">2</link></superscript><anchor id="bookmark65" />
      </para>
      <para>
        A good bit of the dialogue is over your head, but all the
        information you need is in sentences you should be able to
        understand.
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>
</article>