FSI-German/FSI-German-Basic-Course-xbe.xml

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  <info>
    <title>GERMAN Basic Course</title>

    <subtitle>UNITS 1 - 12</subtitle>

    <author>
      <orgname>Foreign Service Institute</orgname>
    </author>
  </info>

  <colophon>
    <title/>

    <para/>
  </colophon>

  <preface>
    <title>Preface</title>

    <para>This Basic Course in German has been designed to assist United
    States Government representatives who require a command of spoken German.
    The general concept of this text has grown out of the plan of Spoken
    Language courses prepared under the auspices of the American Council of
    Learned Societies during World War II. But pattern drills and other
    exercises have been developed extensively at the Foreign Service Institute
    to provide a much fuller manipulation of forms and patterns, and a
    conscious attempt has been made to adapt situations and vocabulary to
    specific needs of the Foreign Service. And the course is intended to lay a
    solid foundation for comprehensive language skills, providing
    systematically for the development of reading proficiency based on oral-
    aural skills.</para>

    <para>This text is the end-product of several years of work and has
    benefited from the labors of many members and former members of the FSI
    staff. In its present form it was prepared under the supervision of Or.
    Samuel A. Brown, who has had overall responsibility for the arrangement of
    situation­al material and for the organization and presentation of
    structural features. Particular credit for the dialogs and much of the
    drill material goes to Mrs. Use Christoph. Mrs. Christoph has been
    assisted by Mrs. Maria-Luise Bissonnette, Mr Friedrich Lehmann, Mr.
    Gerhard Matzel, Mrs. Margarete Plischke and Mrs. Erika Quaid. A most
    valuable contribution was also made by Mrs. Quaid in preparing the major
    part of the typescript, assisted by Miss Geneviève Ducastel. The project
    has been a cooperative venture, however, and all members of the German
    staff have contributed freely the fruit of their classroom experience and
    the gifts of their imagination and insight.<inlinemediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="Images/Fsi-GermanBasicCourse-Volume1-StudentText-4.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </inlinemediaobject></para>

    <para>H. E. Sollenberger Dean, School of Languages Foreign Service
    Institute</para>
  </preface>

  <preface>
    <title>Introduction</title>

    <para>AIM</para>

    <para>It is the aim of the course to provide the student with a useful
    control of the structure of the spoken language and of a basic vocabulary
    which meets at least some of the specialized needs of the Foreign Service.
    After completion of the basic course the Foreign Service Officer should be
    able to make limited practical use of the language in his official duties
    and social obligations. He will furthermore have the means, given the
    proper surroundings and personal motivation, for continued rapid and
    efficient development of proficiency.</para>

    <para>MATERIALS</para>

    <para>The materials in this first volume of the text are organized into
    twelve lessons or units. Each unit contains a set of basic sentences for
    memorization. These are in the form of a dialog based on one or sometimes
    two specific situations in which a person might find himself in Germany.
    Notes to the basic sentences are provided as necessary to clarify
    occasional difficulties in vocabulary and idiom and to provide additional
    background on some cultural features unfamiliar to Americans. Notes on
    pronunciation are included in each of the first eight units. Phonological
    features which have been found to be particularly difficult for American
    students are here presented with explanations and pronunciation practice
    drills. The notes on grammar in each unit single out those structural
    features illustrated in the basic sentences which are appropriate for
    systematic consideration at that stage in the course. Substitution drills
    provide for the manipulation of forms by substituting specific items in
    fixed sentence frames. They are in­tended to build habits of association,
    so that in a given syntactic environment the appropriate grammatical form
    automatically comes to mind. As the German vocabulary is all familiar, no
    English equivalents are given in these drills. Variation drills provide
    for the manipulation of larger syntactic patterns. In each group a model
    sentence, underscored, serves as a guide. Associated with it are
    additional sentences incorporating the same syntactic pattern but in which
    most of the individual word items have been replaced. English equivalents
    are given to serve as cues for recall of the German variant sentences.
    Vocabulary drills provide both practice in the use of new vocabulary items
    and also allow for manipulation of sentence elements whose particular form
    and arrangement depends upon their association with that vocabulary item.
    The manipulation of both variation and vocabulary drills depends on the
    use of English equivalents. Specific translation drills are also provided,
    however. In most cases they present the material of the basic dialog in
    the form of a narrative. They thus provide content review of the basic
    sentences and practice in the transformation from active dialog to
    descriptive narration. The response drills are question and answer drills
    on the situations of the basic dialogs. Conversation practice and
    additional situations in out­line bridge the gap to free conversation with
    small pieces of supplementary dialog for acting out and situations
    providing for a freer play of the student's imagination. The finder list
    in each unit notes all new vocabulary which has been presented.</para>

    <para>METHOD AND PROCEDURE</para>

    <para>This is a course in Spoken German; the forms and patterns of the
    language are intentionally colloquial. The emphasis in instruction is
    everywhere on speech, and an indispensable component of the learning
    process is the voice of a tutor, or instructor, whose native language is
    German. On no account should the student attempt to use these materials
    without either a native instructor or recordings of a native instructor's
    voice. The method of instruction incorporates guided imitation,
    repetition, memorization, pattern practice, and conversation.</para>

    <para>Working under the supervision of a linguist the tutor's role is to
    serve as a model for speech and to guide the student to accurate imitation
    by constant repetition and correction. The student's Job is to watch and
    listen to the tutor carefully and to imitate as exactly as he can the
    sounds which he hears. He must be prepared for constant correction and
    repetition. Each time however the instructor will give him a model to
    follow by repeating the item first. The student should never attempt to
    read from his text but should always wait until he hears the word or
    utterance as the tutor speaks it for him. As far as possible he should
    leave his book closed during the presentation of new dialog material and
    keep his eyes on the tutor, students will be asked to repeat in chorus and
    individually and will be expected to re­peat many, many times, even when
    their imitation has been good and accurate. Only by constant repetition
    after an authentic model for speech can habitual fluent and accurate
    reproduction of the sounds and forms of the foreign language be
    achieved.</para>

    <para>The basic sentences are preceded by "build-ups" giving the component
    parts of the utterance separately. Each new item which is introduced
    appears first as a build-up. The tutor will ask the students to repeat the
    build-ups separately first, then combined into larger units and finally
    the complete new sentence or utterance. The basic sentences are
    sub-divided into numbered sections, each to be treated as a unit, repeated
    in chorus and individually, with and with­out build-ups, until the
    students' imitation is satisfactory. Then a new section may be begun. The
    time required to cover each section in this way will differ widely
    depending on the size and ability of the class. After acceptable imitation
    and accurate pronunciation has been achieved in one or more sections they
    are assigned for memorization outside of class or repeated in class until
    memorized. The student should be able to give either the German sentence
    or its English equivalent on request or switch from one to the other and
    back again. The tutor will drill by repeating each sentence for each
    student in the class, then by giving each student a different sentence,
    repeating it for him first, and finally asking the students to recite the
    sentences in order, the first student the first sentence, the second
    student the second sentence, etc., without receiving a cue from the
    instructor. Repetition outside of class, preferably using recorded
    materials as a guide, should be continued to the point of over-learning.
    The student should not only be able to give the correct German sentence
    immediately upon hearing an English equivalent, at random selection, he
    should also be able to give the correct German sentence with equal ease
    and speed of response upon hearing its German cue. As a final step the
    students are expected to act out the basic dialog in entirety from memory,
    with the tutor or with other students. Only when the basic sentences have
    been mastered to this extent can they be considered to provide an adequate
    basis for control of the spoken language. It should be noted at this point
    that the English text accompanying the basic sentences is not primarily a
    translation but rather a set of conversational equivalents. Many apparent
    discrepancies will be found if the student, or the tutor, looks for
    word-for-word correspondence between the English and German text. It does
    not exist. Rather, in such and such a situation this is what is said in
    German and this is what is said in English.</para>

    <para>The pronunciation practice drills are to be taken up after the
    presentation of the basic sentences has been completed and memorization
    has been started. Items are arranged in groups according to the particular
    phonological feature concerned. Words in vertical columns present the same
    phonological feature in different environments. Several columns in a
    practice group contain related phonological features or related
    phonological environments in which the same feature recurs. Words are to
    be repeated first in chorus and then individually by each student after
    the tutor, at first following the vertical columns and later, for
    variation and comparison, horizontally across the page. Particular
    attention should be paid to items in contrast. These are minimum
    meaningfully distinctive sound patterns, accurate control of which is
    important for communication and comprehension. Contrasting word pairs are
    linked by a dash, and after separate practice for accuracy the items
    should be repeated by pairs to bring out the exact distinctions between
    them.</para>

    <para>The notes on grammar are earmarked for home study. After each unit
    has been started and the first hour or more has been spent in class on
    repetition of the basic sentences the student should read through the
    grammar notes to acquaint himself with the grammatical points presented in
    that unit. During the whole time a particular unit is being worked on in
    class the student should continue to study the grammar section. Many
    questions which he may feel tempted to raise in class will be found to be
    answered in the notes on grammar. The tutor is specifically requested not
    to discuss the language with his students, and the students are asked not
    to ply him with questions. Time in class is to be spent using and
    manipulating the language and not in talking about it. In each unit one or
    more grammatical features are presented, and the basic sentences have been
    designed, as far as is possible consistent with natural expression, to
    incorporate and illustrate those features. Each point of grammar discussed
    is illustrated by sentences which are natural utterances in the language.
    They are taken in nearly every case from the basic sentences of the
    current or preceding units. Thus the examples are already familiar to the
    student, and the patterns they contain, which will be drilled and
    practiced in the sections to follow, are patterns which the student has
    already begun to assimilate by memorizing the sentences of the
    dialog.</para>

    <para>After the basic sentences of a unit have all been repeated several
    times and memorization has been well begun, work can be started on the
    drills. The material is designed to provide a maximum of additional
    experience in using the forms and patterns of the language learned in the
    basic sentences. It is not assumed, however, that the learner is
    automatically able to transfer the experience gained in the basic
    sentences to error-free manipulation of these forms and patterns. The
    drills are by no means a test of what the student can do with the elements
    given him. It is a matter of no great importance whether he can or cannot
    "figure them out" by himself. The goal is to learn to speak the language
    accurately and fluently, and this aim can only be achieved by correct
    repetition of the forms and patterns involved. Therefore all the sentences
    in each drill group are first to be repeated after the tutor in their
    correct form. The tutor then cues each student in turn for repetition of
    one of the drill sentences until all students have given all sentences
    correctly.</para>

    <para>In the substitution drills the model sentence and all its variants
    are first repeated in chorus after the tutor. He then gives the model
    sentence again, the class repeats it in chorus, after which each student
    is cued individually with an item to be substituted and repeats the
    sentence with the substitution called for. In some cases the cue is the
    exact form which fits into the sentence. In some cases a cue is given
    which requires the student to choose the proper form to fit the syntactic
    environment of the model. Regardless of which type of cue is given or how
    simple or complex the exercise may appear to be, the student's task is to
    make the substitution without hesitation and to repeat the sentence
    accurately at normal conversational speed. Although no English equivalents
    are given in the substitution drills and the first task is rapid, fluent
    and accurate manipulation of the material in German. The tutor may ask for
    spot translations into English here and there, and on the second or third
    repetition of the drill he may give English equivalents as word or
    sentence cues in place of the German cues provided.</para>

    <para>In most of the variation drills and in all of the vocabulary drills
    the cues take the form of equivalent English sentences. Basic procedure
    remains the same as in the substitution drills. All sentences in a given
    variation or vocabulary group are first repeated after the tutor in their
    correct form. The tutor then gives the pattern sentence again, and the
    students repeat it in chorus, after which they are required individually
    to recall and repeat the correct German sentences for which an English
    equivalent is given. Students may work with their books open here,
    covering up the right-hand side of the page on Which the German sentences
    are printed and taking their cues from the English sentences on the
    left-hand side of the page.</para>

    <para>Conversion drills require the conversion of one or more elements in
    a sentence from one form to another - singular to plural, present tense to
    past tense, etc. No English is provided for these sentences as a rule.
    However, as in the substitution drills the tutor may ask for a random spot
    translation into English, and he may go through the drill a second or
    third time giving English sentence cues for which the student gives the
    German equivalent.</para>

    <para>Translation and response drills, as noted above, are in most cases
    directly related to the basic sentences. In translation drills the
    procedure is similar to that followed in variation and vocabulary drills.
    Students may work with their books open, covering the German text and
    reading the English sentences themselves, or if preferred, books may be
    left closed while the tutor gives the English equivalents. In the response
    drills it is often appropriate for the tutor to address two or three
    questions to the same student and then two or three more to the next, so
    that the drill takes on a more natural character of conversation­al
    interchange. Both drills should be repeated in entirety several times,
    however, or until all students have had a chance to respond to all
    items.</para>

    <para>It will be noted that all drill material is provided with both a cue
    and a correct response, so that all may be prepared by the student outside
    of class and repeated and practiced by him as often as necessary to
    achieve complete accuracy and fluency. In many cases there is more than
    one possible response to a given cue, and instructors are encouraged to
    accept all responses which are truly equivalent. If a correct response has
    been given, however, instructors are not to suggest variant forms which
    may occur to them, as this only introduces unnecessary complexity of
    choice to an exercise which is difficult enough as it is.</para>

    <para>In the conversation practice brief conversations, usually on the
    same theme as the basic dialog, are read through by the tutor three or
    four times while students listen. Then the tutor takes one role while one
    student takes the other, and they repeat the conversation together. The
    student's aim here is not primarily to memorize and repeat exactly, but to
    give as accurate an equivalent as possible in his own words. After acting
    out the conversation with the tutor the student goes through it again with
    another student, he in turn with the next student, and so on until all
    have taken both parts in the dialog.</para>

    <para>The situations are brief descriptions, in English in the earlier
    units, later in German, of occurrences similar to those on which the basic
    dialogs are based. Two or more students then act out what has been
    described in their own way and using their ov.i words. They are free to
    use their imagination and fill in any supplementary details that occur to
    them. The whole conversation should not be prolonged however more than
    four or five minutes maximum duration. Then other students may try their
    hand at the same situation.</para>

    <para>The narratives, beginning with the fifth unit, are designed for
    reading purposes. In the early units they introduce a minimum of
    additional vocabulary and unfamiliar forms, and they may be used in the
    class for oral narration, the student re-telling in his own words what he
    has read. In later units some features of expository prose - matters of
    both form and style - which differ from normal spoken usage are introduced
    through the narratives in order to bridge the gap between conversational
    German and those reading skills of a specialized nature which require
    particular study and attention.</para>

    <para>The ultimate goal of the course, as has been stated above, is to
    speak accurately, fluently and easily. The text provides for the
    assimilation of all basic forms and patterns of the language by the guided
    imitation, memorization, and manipulation of a large number of sentences
    and by practice in confronting several widely occurring every­day
    situations. Actual living use of the language in free conversation is a
    necessary and essential adjunct. The tutor should therefore encourage his
    students from the start to use the language in every way possible, above
    and beyond what is provided for in the text. After the first few days of
    work both students and tutors should avoid the use of English in the
    classroom for any purpose at all, and they are encouraged to speak German
    outside the classroom as well. Only by constant use of the skill he is
    learning can the student hope to master it and retain it as a useful tool
    of his profession.</para>
  </preface>

  <chapter>
    <title>Unit 1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Basic sentences: <foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Wir sind in
      Deutschland</foreignphrase></title>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">I</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Good morning</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> guten Morgen
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good morning.</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Morgen.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Mr.</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Herr
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Becker</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Becker
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Mr. Becker</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Herr Becker
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good morning, Mr. Becker.</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Morgen,
          Herr Becker. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>day</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Tag
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Hello (Good day).</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Tag.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Mrs.</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Frau
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Kunze</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Kunze
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Mrs. Kunze</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Frau Kunze
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Hello , Mrs. Kunze.</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Tag, Frau
          Kunze. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>evening</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Abend
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good evening.</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Abend.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Miss</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Fräulein
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Schneider</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Schneider
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td>Miss Schneider</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Fräulein
          Schneider </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good evening, Miss Schneider.</td>

          <td align="left"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Abend,
          Fräulein Schneider. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">II</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hello, Miss Schneider.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Tag, Fräulein Schneider.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hello, Mr. Becker.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Tag, Herr Becker. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">how</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> wie </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">goes</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> geht </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">it</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> es </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">to you, with you</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ihnen </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How are you? (how goes it
          with you?)</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie geht es Ihnen? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">thanks</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> danke </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">very</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> sehr </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">good, well</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> gut </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Fine, Thanks.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Danke, sehr gut. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">and</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> und </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">And how are you, Mr.
          Becker?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Und wie geht es Ihnen, Herr Becker?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">also, too</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> auch </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Thank you, I’m fine
          too.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Danke, auch gut. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">III</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">understand</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">
          verstehen </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">you</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Do you understand Mrs.
          Kunze?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie Frau Kunze? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">no</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> nein </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">I</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> ich </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">I understand</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> ich verstehe </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">not</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> nicht </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No, I don't understand Mrs.
          Kunze.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, ich verstehe Frau Kunze nicht.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">me</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> mich </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Do you understand me?</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">
          Verstehen Sie mich? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">yes</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> ja </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, I understand you
          well.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich verstehe Sie gut. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">IV</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">where</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> wo </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">is</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> ist </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the airport</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> der Flughafen </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Where's the airport?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist der Flughafen? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">there</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> dort </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">over there</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> drüben </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">The airport is over
          there.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Flughafen ist dort drüben.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">please</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> bitte </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">I beg your pardon. What did
          you say?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie bitte? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">speak</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> sprechen </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">slow, slowly</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> langsam </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Please speak slowly.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Sprechen Sie bitte langsam.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">The airport is over
          there.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Flughafen ist dort drüben.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Do you understand?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">thank you</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> danke schön </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, I understand. Thank
          you.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich verstehe. Danke schön.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">you're welcome</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> bitte schön </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">You're welcome.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Bitte schön. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">V</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">that</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> das </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the railroad station</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> der Bahnhof </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Is that the railroad
          station?</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist
          das der Bahnhof? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No, that' not the
          station.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, das ist nicht der Bahnhof.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">he, it</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> er </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">to the left</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> links </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">It's there to the
          left.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Er ist dort links. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the restaurant</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> das Restaurant </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Is the restaurant there
          too?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das Restaurant auch dort?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">it</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> es </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, it's there too.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, es ist auch dort. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">VI</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">what</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> was </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">there</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> da
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">What's that there?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Was ist das da? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">the hotel</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> das Hotel </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">That's the hotel.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Das ist das Hotel. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">here</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> hier </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">to the right</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> rechts </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the embassy</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> die Botschaft </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Is the embassy here to the
          right?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist die Botschaft hier rechts?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">she, it</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> sie </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, it's here to the
          right.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja,
          sie ist hier rechts. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">VII</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Excuse me the café</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Verzeihung das Cafe </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Excuse me, where is the
          café?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Verzeihung, wo ist das Cafe?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">straight ahead</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> geradeaus </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">There, straight ahead.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Dort, geradeaus. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the bank isn't it? (not
          true?)</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> die Bank nicht wahr </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">The bank is there too, isn't it?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Bank ist auch da, nicht wahr?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, it's there too.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, sie ist auch da. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">thanks</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> danke </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Thanks.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Danke. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">you're welcome</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> bitte </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">You're welcome.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Bitte. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">VIII</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Good morning.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Morgen. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">I would like</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> ich möchte </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">with pleasure</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> gern </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">I'd like very much</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> ich möchte gern </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">some cigars</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Zigarren </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">to have</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> haben </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">I'd like to have some
          cigars.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich möchte gern Zigarren haben.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">how many</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> wie viele </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">All right. How many?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Gern. Wie viele? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">five</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> fünf </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">and</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> und </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">some matches</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Streichhölzer </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Five, and some matches too, please.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Fünf, und bitte auch Streichhölzer.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Here you are.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Hier, bitte. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">how much</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> wie viel </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">costs</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> kostet </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How much does that
          cost?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel kostet das? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the cigars</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> die Zigarren </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">cost</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> kosten </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">two</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> zwei </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Mark</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Mark </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">The cigars cost two
          Marks.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Die
          Zigarren kosten zwei Mark. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the matches</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> die
          Streichhölzer </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">ten</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> zehn </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">penny, pennies</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Pfennig </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">The matches cost ten
          pennies.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Die
          Streichhölzer kosten zehn Pfennig. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">would like</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> möchten </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">would you like</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> möchten Sie </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">some cigarettes</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Zigaretten </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Would you like to have some
          cigarettes too?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Möchten Sie auch Zigaretten haben?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">they</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> sie </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">they cost</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> sie kosten </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, how much do they
          cost?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, wie viel kosten sie? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">one</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> eine </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">One Mark.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Eine Mark. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Here you are.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Bitte schön</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Thank you.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Danke schön. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">IX</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Good evening.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Abend. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">to eat</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> essen </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Would you like to eat?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Möchten Sie essen? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">sausage and sauerkraut</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, sausage and sauerkraut
          please.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut, bitte.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">some, a little</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> etwas </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">bread</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Brot </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">And a little bread.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Und etwas Brot. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">X</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the wine</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> der
          Wein </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How's the wine, and how's
          the beer?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist der Wein und wie ist das Bier?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">are</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> sind </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">The wine and the beer are
          good.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Wein und das Bier sind gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">but</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> aber </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the coffee</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> der Kaffee </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">But the coffee's not
          good.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Aber der Kaffee ist nicht gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">the tea</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> der
          Tee </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">not ... either</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> auch nicht </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">And the tea isn't good
          either.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Und der Tee ist auch nicht gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the milk</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> die Milch </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Is the milk good?</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist
          die Milch gut? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, the milk is very
          good.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, die Milch ist sehr gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">the water</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> das Wasser </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How's the water here?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist hier das Wasser? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">The water is good.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Das
          Wasser ist gut. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">XI</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">zero - one - two - three -
          four</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">null</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">eins</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">zwei</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">drei</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">vier</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">five - six - seven -
          eight</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">fünf</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">sechs</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">sieben</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">acht</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">nine - ten - eleven -
          twelve</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">neun</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">zehn</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">elf</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">zwölf</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How much is three and
          five?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel ist drei und fünf?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Three and five is
          eight.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Drei und fünf ist acht. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How much is seven and
          four?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel ist sieben und vier?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Seven and four is
          eleven.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Sieben und vier ist elf. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How much is two and
          ten?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel ist zwei und zehn?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Two and ten is twelve.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Zwei und zehn ist zwölf. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">again</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> nochmal </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Say it again/ please.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nochmal, bitte. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Two and ten is twelve.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Zwei und zehn ist zwölf. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">XII</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">one, you</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> man </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">says</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> sagt </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">does one say</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> sagt man </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">in German</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> auf deutsch </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How do you say 'good bye'
          in German?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie sagt man 'good bye' auf deutsch?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">good bye</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Auf Wiedersehen </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">You say '<foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">Auf Wiedersehen</foreignphrase>'.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Man sagt 'Auf Wiedersehen'.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Notes on pronunciation</title>

      <para>The spelling of a language only symbolizes to the native speaker
      the sounds Which he already knows. You will learn these sounds directly
      from your instructor; the spelling will serve as an aid to listening. No
      spelling system adequately represents the sounds of the spoken language,
      and no attempt will be made at this point to outline exactly what sounds
      are represented by what symbols of the German spelling system. We will
      however present for particular drill and attention in each unit certain
      sounds which have shown themselves to be difficult for speakers of
      American English. In the meantime we ask you to remember two cardinal
      points:<orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>The German of your text is printed in the standard German
            written style.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>The letter-symbols used, although in most cases the same
            symbols we use in written English, in most cases do not represent
            exactly the same sounds we use in English. Therefore, DO NOT
            EXPECT GERMAN WRITTEN SYMBOLS TO REPRESENT SOUND VALUES YOU KNOW
            IN ENGLISH.</para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist></para>

      <para>Pronunciation Practices. To be drilled in class.<variablelist>
          <varlistentry>
            <term>A. Short Vowels</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>The German short vowels i,e,a and u are not dissimilar
              from English sounds. The o, however, is probably different from
              any sound that you have in English. Do not try to replace it by
              a sound from English, but rather reproduce the pronunciation of
              your instructor. The German front rounded vowels ö and ü do not
              occur in English. To produce the ö, put your tongue in the
              position for the German e and round your lips; for ü, put your
              tongue in the position for the German i and round your lips. You
              will then produce a sound similar to the German sound.
              Experiment until your instructor is satisfied with your
              pronunciation. Do not worry about the meaning of the words in
              these practices. Concentrate instead on the sounds.</para>

              <informaltable>
                <col width="20%"/>

                <col width="20%"/>

                <col width="20%"/>

                <col width="20%"/>

                <col width="20%"/>

                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"
                  valign="top">Practice l(a)</td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis
                  role="bold"> Short i </emphasis></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis
                  role="bold"> Short e</emphasis></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis
                  role="bold"> Short a</emphasis></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis
                  role="bold"> Short o</emphasis></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis
                  role="bold"> Short u </emphasis></td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">bitte</foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> denn </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> das </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> kostet </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> muss </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> ist </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> essen </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Mann </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Sonne </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Mutter </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> in </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> etwas </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> an </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Doktor </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> und </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis
                  role="bold"> Short ö </emphasis></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis
                  role="bold"> Short ü</emphasis></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis
                  role="bold"> - e (unstressed) </emphasis></td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> können </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Mütter </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> bitte </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> genug </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> möchte </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> fünf </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> danke </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> gesehen </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> öfter </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Hütte </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Sonne </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> bekommen </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable>

              <informaltable>
                <col width="50%"/>

                <col width="50%"/>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Practice 1(b)</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">mit</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Mütter</foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">kennen</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">können</foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">missen</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">müssen</foreignphrase></td>

                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">stecke</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Stöcke</foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>B. Long Vowels</term>

            <listitem>
              <para>There are no sounds in English exactly like the German
              long vowels. If you will pronounce English gate and then ask
              your instructor to pronounce German <emphasis
              role="bold"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901">geht</foreignphrase></emphasis>, you will
              notice that the English vowel sound seems to change during its
              pronunciation, but the German sound seems tense and stable
              throughout its duration. Your tongue actually moves during the
              production of the English vowel sound, but during the production
              of the German sound the tongue remains in the same position. The
              long ö and ü are formed approximately like short ö and ü.
              Pronounce German long e and round your lips to form ö , and
              pronounce German long i and round your lips to form ü</para>

              <para><emphasis role="bold">Practice 2(a)</emphasis></para>

              <informaltable>
                <col width="12.5%"/>

                <col width="12.5%"/>

                <col width="12.5%"/>

                <col width="12.5%"/>

                <col width="12.5%"/>

                <col width="12.5%"/>

                <col width="12.5%"/>

                <col width="12.5%"/>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Long</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">i</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">o</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">u</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">ö</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">ü</td>
                </tr>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> wie </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> geht </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Tag </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Sohn </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> gut </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> König </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> für </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> ihnen </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Tee </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Abend </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> oder </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> du </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> schön </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Tür </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> viel </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> den </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Bahn </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> wo </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Flug </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> öde </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">über </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable>

              <para><emphasis role="bold">Practice 2(b)</emphasis></para>

              <informaltable>
                <col width="50%"/>

                <col width="50%"/>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">vier</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">für</foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">lesen</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">lösen</foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Tier</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Tür</foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Sehne</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Söhne</foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>C.</term>

            <listitem>
              <para><emphasis role="bold">Distinguishing Long and Short
              Vowels</emphasis></para>

              <para>It is NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE to distinguish long and short
              vowels in written German, as the German spelling system does not
              consistently mark them as such. Your best guide to the
              pronunciation of any given word is the way your native
              instructor pronounces it. However, a few hints can be given
              which will help you to recognize them <emphasis
              role="bold">most</emphasis> of the time. If you look back at the
              practice lists above you will see that the short vowels in
              <emphasis role="bold">most</emphasis> cases are followed by two
              or more consonants and they are always written with a single
              letter symbol. Then note that the long vowels are <emphasis
              role="bold">not always</emphasis> written with a single letter
              symbol and usually are followed by only one consonant. The
              following combinations of letters always designate long vowels:
              ie, ih - eh, ee - ah, aa - oh, oo - uh - öh - üh</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>D.</term>

            <listitem>
              <para><emphasis role="bold">Diphthongs</emphasis></para>

              <para>These combinations of two vowel sounds in German are very
              similar, though not identical to certain vowel combinations in
              English.</para>

              <para><emphasis role="bold">Practice 3</emphasis></para>

              <informaltable>
                <col width="33%"/>

                <col width="33%"/>

                <col width="33%"/>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">ei</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">au</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">eu (äu)</td>
                </tr>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> nein </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> auch </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> deutsch </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> eins </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Tau </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> neun </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr align="center">
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Wein </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Laut </foreignphrase></td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> läute </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
        </variablelist></para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Notes on grammar</title>

      <subtitle>(For home study)</subtitle>

      <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
        <listitem>
          <para>The German Noun-Classification ('Gender') System.<orderedlist
              numeration="upperroman">
              <listitem>
                <para>The three classes of nouns.</para>

                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                role="bold">Der</emphasis> Wein ist nicht gut.</foreignphrase>
                <emphasis role="bold">The</emphasis> wine isn't good.</para>

                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                role="bold">Das</emphasis> Bier ist gut.</foreignphrase>
                <emphasis role="bold">The</emphasis> beer is good.</para>

                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> <emphasis
                role="bold">Die</emphasis> Milch ist auch gut.</foreignphrase>
                <emphasis role="bold">The</emphasis> milk is good too.</para>

                <orderedlist>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>German has three words for 'the': <emphasis
                    role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">der</foreignphrase></emphasis>,
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis> and
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">die</foreignphrase></emphasis>; and
                    German nouns can be divided into three classes according
                    to which of the three words for 'the* they go with.
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">Wein</foreignphrase></emphasis> goes
                    only with <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">der</foreignphrase></emphasis>, never
                    with <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis>, never
                    with <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">die</foreignphrase></emphasis>. Bier
                    goes only with <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis>, and so
                    on.</para>
                  </listitem>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>We will refer to these three classes of nouns, for
                    obvious reasons, as <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">der</foreignphrase>-</emphasis>nouns,
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis>-nouns
                    and <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">die</foreignphrase>-</emphasis>nouns.
                    (1 <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">Wein</foreignphrase></foreignphrase></emphasis>
                    is <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">der</foreignphrase>-</emphasis>noun-'
                    '<emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">Hotel</foreignphrase></foreignphrase></emphasis>
                    is a <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase>-</emphasis>noun.1)</para>
                  </listitem>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>The traditional statement about this phenomenon is:
                    'German nouns have three genders—masculine, feminine, and
                    neuter.' we will not use this terminology because it tends
                    to mislead English-speaking students by suggesting that
                    the German noun classification has something to do with
                    sex differentiation. It doesn't. See paragraph III.</para>
                  </listitem>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Insofar as the <emphasis role="bold">basic
                    stock</emphasis> of German nouns is concerned (nouns like
                    house, grass, sky, wine, beer, milk), there is absolutely
                    no sense or rationale to the classification system; there
                    is no way at all of anticipating which class any given
                    noun belongs to. You must simply learn the word for 'the'
                    as a part of the noun: the German word for 'wine1 is
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">der Wein</foreignphrase></emphasis>.
                    And you must practice saying <emphasis
                    role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der
                    Wein</foreignphrase></emphasis> often enough so that
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das Wein</foreignphrase></emphasis> or
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">die Wein</foreignphrase></emphasis>
                    sounds as wrong to you as 'The father of his country —
                    Henry Washington.'</para>
                  </listitem>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>Now, Henry Washington is a perfectly good name; but
                    it's wrong, and every^ American knows it's wrong. By the
                    same token, <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das Wein</foreignphrase></emphasis> is
                    a perfectly good form; but it's wrong, and every German
                    knows it's wrong.</para>
                  </listitem>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>With <emphasis role="bold">derivative</emphasis>
                    nouns (that is, nouns made from other words, like our
                    happiness, brother-hood) your problem is easier. The
                    classification of German derivative nouns is fairly
                    orderly and consistent. Nouns ending in -<foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">ung</foreignphrase>, for example, are
                    always <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">die</foreignphrase></emphasis>-nouns:
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">die
                    Verzeihung</foreignphrase></emphasis> 'the forgiveness,
                    the pardon. And nouns ending with the diminutive suffixes
                    -<foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">lein</foreignphrase>
                    and -<foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                    role="bold">chen</emphasis></foreignphrase> are always
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das-</foreignphrase></emphasis>nouns:
                    <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das Fräulein</foreignphrase></emphasis>
                    'the miss, waitress,'</para>

                    <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">das Mädchen</foreignphrase></emphasis>
                    'the little girl.' We will deal with the formation of the
                    various kinds of derivative nouns as we go along through
                    the units.</para>
                  </listitem>

                  <listitem>
                    <para>But if the classification of derivative nouns is
                    orderly and consistent, the classification of the basic
                    stock of German nouns remains virtually chaotic. There
                    really is no system at all for guessing Which class a noun
                    belongs to; it's not something you can reason out or get
                    the knack of. It is not the same as our <emphasis
                    role="bold">he-she-it</emphasis> system, as we'll see in.
                    a minute. There is absolutely nothing in English like it.
                    Your only solution is to use the nouns until you know them
                    as well as you know 'George Washington.'</para>
                  </listitem>
                </orderedlist>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Pronouns Corresponding to the Three Classes of
                Nouns.<informaltable frame="all">
                    <tgroup cols="4">
                      <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                      <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                      <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                      <colspec colname="c4" colnum="4" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                      <tbody>
                        <row>
                          <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist der
                          Bahnof?</foreignphrase></entry>

                          <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Er ist
                          dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                          <entry>Where is the station?</entry>

                          <entry>It's there.</entry>
                        </row>

                        <row>
                          <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist das
                          Hotel?</foreignphrase></entry>

                          <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Es ist
                          dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                          <entry>Where is the hotel?</entry>

                          <entry>It's there.</entry>
                        </row>

                        <row>
                          <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist die
                          Botshaft?</foreignphrase></entry>

                          <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Sie ist
                          dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                          <entry>Where is the embassy?</entry>

                          <entry>It's there.</entry>
                        </row>
                      </tbody>
                    </tgroup>
                  </informaltable></para>

                <para>As these examples show, there is a special <emphasis
                role="bold">pronoun</emphasis> for each of the three classes
                of nouns. Notice the correspondence in the final sounds of the
                pairs <foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der<emphasis
                role="bold">-</emphasis>er</foreignphrase>, <emphasis
                role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">das-es</foreignphrase></emphasis>, and
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                role="bold">die-sie</emphasis></foreignphrase>. This is no
                coincidence.</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Contrast between German and English Pronoun
                Usage.</para>

                <informaltable frame="all">
                  <tgroup cols="4">
                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                    <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                    <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                    <colspec colname="c4" colnum="4" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                    <tbody>
                      <row>
                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist
                        <emphasis role="bold">der</emphasis>
                        Bahnhof?</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                        role="bold">Er</emphasis> ist
                        dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry>Where is <emphasis role="bold">the</emphasis>
                        station?</entry>

                        <entry><emphasis role="bold">It's</emphasis>
                        there.</entry>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist
                        <emphasis role="bold">der</emphasis>
                        Mann?</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                        role="bold">Er</emphasis> ist
                        dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry>Where's <emphasis role="bold">the</emphasis>
                        man?</entry>

                        <entry><emphasis role="bold">He's</emphasis>
                        here.</entry>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry nameend="c4" namest="c1"/>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist
                        <emphasis role="bold">das</emphasis>
                        Hotel?</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                        role="bold">Es</emphasis> ist
                        dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry>Where is <emphasis role="bold">the</emphasis>
                        hotel?</entry>

                        <entry><emphasis role="bold">It's</emphasis>
                        there.</entry>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist
                        <emphasis role="bold">das</emphasis>
                        Kind?</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                        role="bold">Es</emphasis> ist
                        dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry>Where is <emphasis role="bold">the</emphasis>
                        child?</entry>

                        <entry><para><emphasis role="bold">He's</emphasis>
                        here.</para> <para><emphasis
                        role="bold">She's</emphasis> here</para></entry>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry nameend="c4" namest="c1"/>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist
                        <emphasis role="bold">die</emphasis>
                        Botschaft?</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                        role="bold">Sie</emphasis> ist
                        dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry>Where is <emphasis role="bold">the</emphasis>
                        embassy?</entry>

                        <entry><emphasis role="bold">It's</emphasis>
                        there.</entry>
                      </row>

                      <row>
                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist
                        <emphasis role="bold">die</emphasis>
                        Frau?</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                        role="bold">Sie</emphasis> ist
                        dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                        <entry>Where's <emphasis role="bold">the</emphasis>
                        woman?</entry>

                        <entry><emphasis role="bold">She's</emphasis>
                        here.</entry>
                      </row>
                    </tbody>
                  </tgroup>
                </informaltable>

                <para>These examples show that the German pronouns
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">er</foreignphrase>,
                <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">sie</foreignphrase></emphasis>, and es do
                not match up with the English pronouns 'he', 'she', and 'it'.
                The English <emphasis role="bold">he-she-it</emphasis> system
                has an entirely different foundation from the German
                noun-classification ('gender') system. In the English system,
                the choice of pronoun depends upon the sex (male, female, or
                sexless) of some non-linguistic entity—a man ('he'), a woman
                ('she'), or a table ('it'). In the German system, on the other
                hand, the choice of pronoun depends upon the linguistic
                classification of the noun you are replacing, except in
                reference to human beings.</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>Pronouns Referring to People.<informaltable frame="all">
                    <tgroup cols="2">
                      <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                      <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                      <tbody>
                        <row>
                          <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist das
                          Fraülein?</foreignphrase></entry>

                          <entry>Where is the waitress?</entry>
                        </row>

                        <row>
                          <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Sie ist
                          dort.</foreignphrase></entry>

                          <entry>She's there.</entry>
                        </row>
                      </tbody>
                    </tgroup>
                  </informaltable> Since all German nouns referring to men are
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis
                role="bold">der</emphasis></foreignphrase><emphasis
                role="bold">-nouns</emphasis> and virtually all German nouns
                referring to women are <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">die</foreignphrase></emphasis>-nouns.
                <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">er</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis
                role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">sie</foreignphrase></emphasis> correspond
                to 'he' and 'she' — when they refer to <emphasis
                role="bold">human beings</emphasis>. Consequently, one says
                <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">sie</foreignphrase></emphasis> when
                referring to <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">das Fräulein</foreignphrase></emphasis>.
                Who is, after all, die lunge Dame 'the young lady',<emphasis
                role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> die
                Tochte</foreignphrase></emphasis>r 'the daughter', <emphasis
                role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die
                Schwester</foreignphrase></emphasis> 'the sister', and so on,
                as well as <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">das
                Fräulein</foreignphrase></emphasis>.</para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>No classification in the Plural.</para>

                <informaltable>
                  <col width="25%"/>

                  <col width="25%"/>

                  <col width="25%"/>

                  <col width="25%"/>

                  <tr valign="top">
                    <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo sind die Bahnhöfe?
                    </foreignphrase></td>

                    <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie sind hier. </foreignphrase></td>

                    <td align="left" rowspan="1">Where are the stations?</td>

                    <td align="left" rowspan="1">They're here.</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr valign="top">
                    <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo sind die Hotels?
                    </foreignphrase></td>

                    <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie sind hier. </foreignphrase></td>

                    <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Where are the
                    hotels?</td>

                    <td align="justify" colspan="1">They're here.</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr valign="top">
                    <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo sind die Frauen?
                    </foreignphrase></td>

                    <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie sind hier. </foreignphrase></td>

                    <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Where are the
                    women?</td>

                    <td align="justify" colspan="1">They're here.</td>
                  </tr>
                </informaltable>

                <para>As these examples show, the three-fold classification
                we've been discussing applies only to nouns in the singular.
                In the plural, there is only one word for 'the', and only one
                pronoun.</para>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>The pointing-Word <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis>.</para>

          <informaltable>
            <col width="50%"/>

            <col width="50%"/>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901"> Das ist der Bahnhof, nicht wahr?
              </foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This is the station,
              isn't it?</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, das ist er. </foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, that's it.</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das die Milch? </foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Is that the milk?</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901"> Das ist Wasser. </foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This is water.</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901"> Sind das die Streichhölzer?
              </foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Are these the
              matches?</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901"> Das sind die Zigarren. </foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Those are the
              cigars.</td>
            </tr>
          </informaltable>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>The pointing-word <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis> (often
              accompanied by a pointing gesture) is used to call any <emphasis
              role="bold">object</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">group of
              objects</emphasis> to the hearer's attention, without any
              reference to noun classification or to the number of
              objects.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>The pointing-word <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis> is an entirely
              different entity from the <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis> of <emphasis
              role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das
              Hotel</foreignphrase></emphasis>. The English equivalents of the
              pointing-word <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
              xml:lang="de-1901">das</foreignphrase></emphasis> are 'this',
              <emphasis role="bold">'that', 'these', and
              'those'.</emphasis></para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Substitution drill.</title>

      <para>This section is made up of a number of model sentences. One or two
      words in each sentence are underscored. Below each group will be found a
      series of isolated words. The drill consists in substituting these
      words, one by one, for the one that is underscored in the model
      sentence, and making necessary changes in the rest of the
      sentence.</para>

      <para>The instructor says the model sentence out loud, and the class
      repeats after him. The first student makes the first substitution, the
      next student the second, and so on. Repeat until all students have had a
      chance to make each substitution at least once, then proceed to the next
      model sentence.</para>

      <para>This drill may be done with books closed. The instructor then
      gives the students the item to be substituted. Keep things moving along.
      Maintain a lively pace. If one student gets stuck, the next one takes
      over after three or four seconds.</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Der Flughafen ist
          dort.</foreignphrase><informaltable frame="all">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bahnhof - Kaffee
                    - Tee - Wein</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Bahnhof - der
                    Kaffee - der Tee - der Wein</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Restaurant - Bier
                    - Wasser - Hotel - Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Restaurant -
                    das Bier - das Wasser - das Hotel - das
                    Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bank - Milch -
                    Botschaft</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Bank - die
                    Milch - die Botschaft</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Streichhölzer -
                    Zigarren</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Streichhölzer
                    - die Zigarren</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Bahnhof - Hotel
                    - Tee - Milch - Kaffee - Restaurant - Streichhölzer -
                    Botschaft - Flughafen - Bier - Wein - Wasser - Zigarren -
                    Cafe </foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Bahnhof - das
                    Hotel - der Tee - die Milch - der Kaffee - das Restaurant
                    - die Streichhölzer - die Botschaft - der Flughafen - das
                    Bier - der Wein - das Wasser - die Zigarren - das
                    Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist <emphasis role="bold">der
          Bahnhof</emphasis>?<informaltable frame="all">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Flughafen -
                    Kaffee - Tee - Wein</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Flughafen -
                    der Kaffe - der Tee - der Wein </foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Restaurant - Bier
                    - Wasser - Cafe - Hotel</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Restaurant -
                    das Bier - das Wasser - das Cafe - das
                    Hotel</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bank - Milch -
                    Botschaft</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Bank - die
                    Milch - die Botschaft</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Streichhölzer -
                    Zigarren</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Streichhölzer
                    - die Zigarren</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Restaurant -
                    Flughafen - Bank - Kaffee - Wasser - Milch - Streichhölzer
                    - Bahnhof - Tee - Hotel - Wein - Bier - Botschaft -
                    Zigarren - Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Restaurant -
                    der Flughafen - die Bank - der Kaffee - das Wasser - die
                    Milch - die Streichhölzer - der Bahnhof - der Tee - das
                    Hotel - der Wein - das Bier - die Botschaft - die Zigarren
                    - das Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para xml:lang="de-1901">Wieviel kostet <emphasis role="bold">der
          Kaffee</emphasis>?<informaltable frame="all">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wein -
                    Tee</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Wein - der
                    Tee</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901">Bier</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das
                    Bier</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Zigarren -
                    Streichhölzer</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Zigarren -
                    die Streichhölzer</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wtein - Zigarren
                    - Tee - Streichhölzer - Bier </foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Wein - die
                    Zigarren - der Tee - die Streichhölzer - das
                    Bier</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist <emphasis role="bold">das
          Bier</emphasis>?<informaltable frame="all">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wasser - Hotel -
                    Restaurant - Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Wasser - das
                    Hotel - das Restaurant - das Café</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Kaffee - Tee -
                    Wein </foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Kaffee - der
                    Tee - der Wein</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bank -
                    Milch</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Bank - die
                    Milch</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Zigarren -
                    Streichhölzer</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Zigarren -
                    die Streichhölzer</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bier - Tee -
                    Hotel - Wein - Wasser - Kaffee - Milch -Zigarren - Caf£ -
                    Bank - Streichhölzer</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Bier - der
                    Tee - das Hotel - der Wein - das Wasser - der Kaffee - die
                    Milch - die Zigarren - das Cafe - die Bank - die
                    Streichhölzer</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis role="bold">Das Hotel</emphasis>
          ist gut.<informaltable frame="all">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bier - Restaurant
                    - Wasser - Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Bier - das
                    Restaurant - das Wasser - das Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Wein - Kaffee -
                    Tee </foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Wein - der
                    Kaffee - der Tee</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Milch -
                    Bank</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Milch - die
                    Bank</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Zigarren -
                    Streichhölzer</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Zigarren -
                    die Streichhölzer</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bier - Wein -
                    Restaurant - Kaffee - Bank - Tee - Hotel - Streichhölzer -
                    Wasser - Zigarren - Cafe - Milch </foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Bier - der
                    Wein - das Restaurant - der Kaffee - die Bank - der Tee -
                    das Hotel - die Streichhölzer - das Wasser - die Zigarren
                    - das Cafe - die Milch</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para xml:lang="de-1901"><emphasis role="bold">Das Hotel</emphasis>
          ist da drüben.<informaltable frame="all">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Restaurant - Bier
                    - Wasser - Cafe</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Restaurant -
                    das Bier - das Wasser - das Café</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Flughafen -
                    Bahnhof - Kaffee - Tee - Wein </foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Flughafen -
                    der Bahnhof - der Kaffee - der Tee - der
                    Wein</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Botschaft -
                    Milch - Bank</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Botschaft -
                    die Milch - die Bank</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Streichhölzer -
                    Zigarren</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Streichhölzer
                    - die Zigarren</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Hotel -
                    Restaurant - Tee - Milch - Bier - Kaffee - Botschaft -
                    Wein - Zigarren - Streichhölzer - Cafe - Bank
                    </foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Hotel - das
                    Restaurant - der Tee - die Milch - das Bier - der Kaffee -
                    die Botschaft - der Wein - die Zigarren - die
                    Streichhölzer - das Café - die
                    Bank</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para xml:lang="de-1901">Das ist <emphasis role="bold">der
          Flughafen</emphasis>.<informaltable frame="all">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bahnhof - Wein -
                    Tee - Kaffee</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Bahnhof - der
                    Wein - der Tee - der Kaffee</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Hotel -
                    Restaurant - Bier - Café</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Hotel - das
                    Restaurant - das Bier - das Café</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bank - Botschaft
                    - Milch</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Bank - die
                    Botschaft - die Milch</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Streichhölzer -
                    Zigarren</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Streichhölzer
                    - die Zigarren</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Botschaft -
                    Flughafen - Hotel - Milch - Restaurant - Bahnhof - Bier -
                    Wein - Tee - Zigarren - Café -
                    Bank</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die Botschaft -
                    der Flughafen - das Hotel - die Milch - das Restaurant -
                    der Bahnhof - das Bier - der Wein - der Tee - die Zigarren
                    - das Cafe - die Bank</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para xml:lang="de-1901">Hier ist <emphasis role="bold">Herr
          Becker</emphasis>. Hier ist <emphasis
          role="bold">er</emphasis>.<informaltable frame="all">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Flughafen -
                    Bahnhof - Wein - Tee - Kaffee - Herr
                    Keller</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">der Flughafen.er
                    - der Bahnhof.er - der Wein.er - der Tee.er - der
                    Kaffee.er - Herr Keller.er</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Frau Kunze -
                    Milch - Botschaft - Bank - Frau
                    Schneider</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Frau Kunze.sie -
                    die Milch.sie - die Botschaft.sie - die Bank.sie - Frau
                    Schneider.sie</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Restaurant - Bier
                    - Wasser - Café - Hotel</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Restaurant.es
                    - das Bier.es - das Wasser.es - das Caf£.es - das
                    Hotel.es</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Streichhölzer -
                    Zigarren - Herr und Frau Becker</foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">die
                    Streichhölzer.sie - die Zigarren.sie - Herr und Frau
                    Becker.sie</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>

                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Bier - Milch -
                    Wasser - Wein - Streichhölzer - Bahnhof - Restaurant -
                    Zigarren - Hotel - Herr und Frau Becker - Botschaft - Tee
                    - Cafe - Frau Schneider - Flughafen - Herr Keller - Bank -
                    Kaffee </foreignphrase></entry>

                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">das Bier.es - die
                    Milch.sie - das Wasser.es - der Wein.er - die
                    Streichhölzer.sie - der Bahnhof.er - das Restaurant.es -
                    die Zigarren.sie - das Hotel.es - Herr und Frau Becker.
                    sie - die Botschaft.sie - der Tee.er - das Cafe.es - Frau
                    Schneider.sie - der Flughafen.er - Herr Keller.er - die
                    Bank.sie - der Kaffee.er</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para/>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Variation drill</title>

      <para>This section is made up of several groups of sentences. Each group
      is headed by a model sentence which is underscored. The instructor reads
      the model sentence out loud, and the class repeats after him. The first
      student then gives the German version of the first English variation
      sentence under the model sentence. The next student takes the second
      sentence, and so on.</para>

      <para>While doing this drill, STUDENTS MUST COVER THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF
      THE PAGE</para>

      <para>English versions must be read silently, and the German version
      must be given without stopping, with the proper pronunciation, including
      intonation. If you have to 'translate* word by word you need more
      practice with the basic sentences.</para>

      <para>The instructor must insist on COMPLETE SENTENCES.<orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <informaltable>
              <col width="10%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich verstehe Sie. </foreignphrase></th>

                  <th align="center">I understand you.</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>

              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>I understand you well.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich verstehe Sie gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>I understand you very well.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich verstehe Sie sehr
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>I understand you well, too.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich verstehe Sie auch
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>I don't understand you.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich verstehe Sie
                  nicht. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>I don't understand you either.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich verstehe Sie auch
                  nicht. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich?
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">Do you understand me?</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>a.</td>

                    <td>Do you understand me well?</td>

                    <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich
                    gut? </foreignphrase></td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td>b.</td>

                    <td>Do you understand me well to?</td>

                    <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich
                    auch gut? </foreignphrase></td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td>c.</td>

                    <td>Don't you understand me?</td>

                    <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich
                    nicht? </foreignphrase></td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td>d.</td>

                    <td>Don't you understand me either?</td>

                    <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich
                    auch nicht? </foreignphrase></td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td>e.</td>

                    <td>Don't you understand me well either?</td>

                    <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich
                    auch nicht gut? </foreignphrase></td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <informaltable>
              <col width="10%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist der
                  Flughafen?</foreignphrase></th>

                  <th align="center">Where is the airport?</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>

              <tr>
                <td>a.</td>

                <td>There is the airport.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Da ist der Flughafen.
                </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td>b.</td>

                <td>Is that the airport?</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das der Flughafen?
                </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td>c.</td>

                <td>Yes, that's the airport.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, das ist der
                Flughafen. </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td>d.</td>

                <td>No, that's not the airport.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, das ist nicht der
                Flughafen. </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td>e.</td>

                <td>Is the airport over there?</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist der Flughafen da
                drüben? </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td>f.</td>

                <td>Yes, it's over there.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, er ist da drüben.
                </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td>g.</td>

                <td>No, it's not over there.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, er ist nicht da
                drüben. </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>
            </informaltable>

            <para>Repeat the same drill and for airport substitute: hotel -
            embassy - restaurant - station.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo sind die Streichhölzer?
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">Where are the matches?</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                  <td>Where are they?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo sind sie?
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                  <td>There are the matches.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Da sind die
                  Streichhölzer. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                  <td>There they are.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Da sind sie.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                  <td>Are the matches over them?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sind die
                  Streichhölzer da drüben? </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e.</td>

                  <td>Yes, the matches are over there.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, die Streichhölzer
                  sind da drüben. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">f.</td>

                  <td>They're over there.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie sind da drüben.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>

            <para>Repeat the same drill and for potatoes substitute: cigars -
            Mr. and Mrs. Kunze.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist die Milch?
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">How's the milk?</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                  <td>It's good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie ist gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                  <td>It's very good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie ist sehr gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                  <td>The water is good too.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Wasser ist auch
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                  <td>It's very good too.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Es ist auch sehr gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist das Bier?
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">How's the beer?</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                  <td>It's good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Es ist gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                  <td>It's very good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Es ist sehr gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                  <td>The cigars are good too.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Zigarren sind
                  auch gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                  <td>They're very good too.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie sind auch sehr
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist der Tee? </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">How's the tea?</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                  <td>It's not good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Er ist nicht gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                  <td>It's very good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Er ist sehr gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                  <td>The milk isn't good either.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Milch ist auch
                  nicht gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                  <td>It's not very good either.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie ist auch nicht
                  sehr gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e.</td>

                  <td>Yes. They are very good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, sie sind sehr
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie sind die Streichhölzer?
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">How are the matches?</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                  <td>They're not good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie sind nicht gut.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                  <td>They're not very good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie sind nicht sehr
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">The wine is not good
                  either.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Wein ist auch
                  nicht gut. Er ist auch nicht sehr gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">It's not very good either.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Er ist auch nicht
                  sehr gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Das kostet viel. </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">That costs a lot.</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                  <td>How much does that cost?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel kostet das?
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                  <td>Does that cost much?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Kostet das viel?
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                  <td>That doesn't cost much.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Das kostet nicht
                  viel. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                  <td>That doesn't cost much either.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Das kostet auch nicht
                  viel. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e.</td>

                  <td>That costs three marks.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Das kostet drei Mark.
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">f.</td>

                  <td>That costs three marks, too.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Das kostet auch drei
                  Mark. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Bier ist out.
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">The beer is good.</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                  <td>The wine is not good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Wein ist nicht
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                  <td>The coffee is good, too.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Kaffee ist auch
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                  <td>The restaurant is very good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Restaurant ist
                  sehr gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                  <td>Is the tea good?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist der Tee gut?
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e.</td>

                  <td>Ho, the tea isn't very good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, der Tee ist
                  nicht sehr gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">f.</td>

                  <td>Is the café good?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das Café gut?
                  </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Streichhölzer sind nicht sehr
                    gut.</foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">The matches are not very good.</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                  <td>The beer and the wine are good.</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Bier und der Wein sind
                  gut.</foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">The cigars are good, too.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Zigarren sind
                  auch gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                  <td>Are the coffee and the tea good?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sind der Kaffee und
                  der Tee gut? </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                  <td>Yes. They are very good.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, sie sind sehr
                  gut. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <informaltable>
              <col width="10%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist der Flughafen? Er ist dort
                  rechts. </foreignphrase></th>

                  <th align="center">Where is the airport? It's there to the
                  right.</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                <td>Where Is the café? It's there to the left.</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist das Café? Es ist dort
                links.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Where Is the restaurant? It's
                there, too.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist das Restaurant?
                Es ist auch dort.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                <td>Where is the bank? It's there straight ahead.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist die Bank? Sie ist
                dort geradeaus.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                <td>Where is Mr. Schneider? He is here.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist Herr Schneider?
                Er ist hier.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e.</td>

                <td>Where is Mrs. Schneider? She's here, too.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist Frau Schneider?
                Sie ist auch hier.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">f.</td>

                <td>Where is the station? It's over there, to the right</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist der Bahnhof? Er
                ist da drüben, rechts. </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <informaltable>
              <col width="10%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist der Kaffee? Er 1st
                  out.</foreignphrase></th>

                  <th align="center">How is the coffee? It is good.</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                <td>How is the milk? It's very good.</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist die Milch? Sie ist sehr
                gut.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">How is the water? It's good,
                too.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist das Wasser? Es
                ist auch gut.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                <td>How is the hotel? It's not very good.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist das Hotel? Es
                ist nicht sehr gut.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                <td>How is the beer? It's very good here.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist das Bier? Es ist
                hier sehr gut</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e.</td>

                <td>How is the tea? It's not good.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist der Tee? Er ist
                nicht gut.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">f.</td>

                <td>How is the wine? It's very good, too.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist der Wein? Er ist
                auch sehr gut. </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <informaltable>
              <col width="10%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Ich möchte gern Zigaretten
                  haben.</foreignphrase></th>

                  <th align="center">I'd like to have some cigarettes.
                  please.</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                <td>Would you like to have some cigars, too?</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">Möchten Sie auch Zigarren
                haben?</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">I'd like to have some
                matches.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich möchte gern
                Streichhölzer haben.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                <td>Would you like to have some bread?</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Möchten Sie etwas Brot
                haben?</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                <td>I'd like to have some milk.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich möchte gern Milch
                haben.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e.</td>

                <td>I'd like to have some sausage and sauerkraut.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Ich möchte gern
                Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut haben. </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <informaltable>
              <col width="10%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich möchte gerne
                  essen.</foreignphrase></th>

                  <th align="center">I'd like to eat.</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                <td>What would you like to eat?</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">Was möchten Sie essen?</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">I'd like to eat some sausage and
                sauerkraut.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Ich möchte Bratwurst mit
                Sauerkraut essen.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                <td>Would you also like to eat some bread? Yes, I'd like to
                eat some bread.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Möchten Sie auch Brot
                essen? Ja, ich möchte gern etwas Brot essen.
                </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <informaltable>
              <col width="10%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <col width="45%"/>

              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="de-1901">Das ist der Bahnhof.</foreignphrase></th>

                  <th align="center">That's the railroad station.</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">a.</td>

                <td>Is that the embassy?</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="de-1901">Ist das die Botschaft?</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">b.</td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">No, that's not the embassy.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Nein, das ist nicht die
                Botschaft.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">c.</td>

                <td>That's the hotel. Is that Mr. Kunze?</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Das ist das Hotel. Ist
                das Herr Kunze?</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">d.</td>

                <td>No, that's not Mr. Kunze.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Nein, das ist nicht Herr
                Kunze.</foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>

              <tr>
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">e.</td>

                <td>That's Mr. Schneider.</td>

                <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901">Das ist Herr Schneider.
                </foreignphrase></td>
              </tr>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Hier ist das Hotel.
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">Here is the hotel.</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>There's the restaurant.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Dort ist das
                  Restaurant. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>Over there is the airport.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Da drüben ist der
                  Flughafen. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>There to the right is the embassy.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Dort rechts ist die
                  Botschaft. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>Here on the left is the station.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Hier links ist der
                  Bahnhof. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>Over there, to the right is the cafe.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Da drüben, rechts,
                  ist das Cafe. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Zigarren kosten fünf Mark.
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">The cigars cost five marks.</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>The beer costs one mark.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Bier kostet eine
                  Mark. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>The wine costs two marks ten.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Wein kostet zwei
                  Mark zehn. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>The matches cost ten pennies.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Streichhölzer
                  kosten zehn Pfennig. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>The coffee costs three marks eight.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Kaffee kostet
                  drei Mark acht. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>The tea costs two marks four.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Tee kostet zwei
                  Mark vier. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>f.</td>

                  <td>The milk costs twelve pennies.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Milch kostet
                  zwölf Pfennig. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>g</td>

                  <td>Bratwurst and sauerkraut costs two marks five.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Bratwurst mit
                  Sauerkraut kostet zwei Mark fünf. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><informaltable>
                <col width="10%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <col width="45%"/>

                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="de-1901"> Drei und vier ist sieben.
                    </foreignphrase></th>

                    <th align="center">Three and four is seven.</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>Five and three is eight.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Fünf und drei ist
                  acht. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>How much is two and six?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel ist zwei und
                  sechs? </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>Seven and five is twelve.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sieben und fünf ist
                  zwölf. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>Three and three is six.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Drei und drei ist
                  sechs. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>How much is seven and four?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel ist sieben
                  und vier? </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>f.</td>

                  <td>Is nine and one eleven?</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist neun und eins
                  elf? </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>

                <tr>
                  <td>g.</td>

                  <td>No, nine and one is ten.</td>

                  <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, neun und eins
                  ist zehn. </foreignphrase></td>
                </tr>
              </informaltable></para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist></para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Translation drill</title>

      <para>Students cover right-hand side of page and take turns giving the
      German version of the sentences in English column. The instructor must
      insist that each student give his version without hesitation. Go over
      the drill several times, until each student has had an opportunity to
      give all sentences.</para>

      <para>Unless students can do this drill confidently, they need more
      preparation.</para>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="10%"/>

        <col width="45%"/>

        <col width="45%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Is that the embassy?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das die Botschaft? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No, that's not the embassy,
          that is the hotel.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, das ist nicht die Botschaft, das ist das
          Hotel. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3 .</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">The embassy is over there,
          to the left.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Botschaft ist da drüben, links.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How is the beer, is it
          good?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist das Bier, ist es gut?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No, it's not very
          good.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, es ist nicht sehr gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">What is that there, the
          airport?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Was ist das dort, der Flughafen?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, that's the
          airport.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, das ist der Flughafen. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Is Mr. Becker here?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist Herr Becker hier? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No, he isn't (here).</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, er ist nicht hier. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Is the wine good here?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist hier der Wein gut? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, it is (good
          here).</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, er ist gut hier. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Where is Miss
          Schneider?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist Fräulein Schneider? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Isn't she here?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist sie nicht hier? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No, she isn't (here).</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, sie ist nicht hier. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">How much does sausage and
          sauerkraut cost?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel kostet Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">It doesn't cost much.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Es kostet nicht viel. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Where are the cigars?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo sind die Zigarren? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Aren't they here?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Sind sie nicht hier? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">19.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No, they aren't
          (here).</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, sie sind nicht hier. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">They cost four marks.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie kosten vier Mark. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Do you understand me?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">22.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">What did you say?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie bitte? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">23.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, I understand you very
          well.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich verstehe Sie sehr gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">24.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Would you like to eat?</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Möchten Sie gern essen? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yes, I would.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, gerne. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Response drill</title>

      <para>Students are to prepare this drill at home. The questions are
      generally directed toward the situation or situations presented in the
      Basic Sentences. The answers suggested are obviously not the only
      possible answers to these questions, and the student should feel free to
      vary them or to replace them by his own formulations ad libitum, within
      the limitations of structure and vocabulary covered.</para>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="10%"/>

        <col width="45%"/>

        <col width="45%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist Herr Becker? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Er ist dort drüben. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das Frau Kunze? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, das ist nicht Frau Kunze.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo sind Herr und Frau Schneider?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Herr und Frau Schneider sind hier.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie geht es Ihnen? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Danke gut. Und Ihnen? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich verstehe Sie gut. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Verstehen Sie mich auch gut?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, ich verstehe Sie nicht.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist der Bahnhof? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Bahnhof ist dort rechts.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das der Bahnhof? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, das ist nicht der Bahnhof. Er ist dort,
          geradeaus. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist der Flughafen? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Er ist dort drüben. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das Hotel dort links? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, es ist dort rechts. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Restaurant ist dort drüben, nicht wahr?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, es ist dort drüben, geradeaus.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Was ist das dort? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Das ist die Botschaft. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist hier die Bank? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Bank ist hier links. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> 1st das die Botschaft da drüben?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, das ist die Botschaft. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist das Cafe? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Cafe ist sehr gut. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das Restaurant auch gut?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, das Restaurant ist nicht sehr gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie sagt man "good bye" auf deutsch?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Man sagt "Auf Wiedersehen".
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie sagt man "thank you" auf deutsch?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Man sagt "Danke schön". </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">19.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Was möchten Sie haben? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich möchte zehn Zigaretten haben.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Möchten Sie auch Zigarren haben?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich möchte auch Zigarren haben.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viele möchten Sie haben?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Vier, bitte. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">22.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Möchten Sie auch Streichhölzer haben?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich möchte auch Streichhölzer haben.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">23.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel kosten die Zigarren?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Zigarren kosten eine Mark.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">24.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Kostet das Bier eine Mark? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, es kostet eine Mark zehn.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel kostet der Wein? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Er kostet sechs Mark fünf. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">26.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel kosten der Kaffee und der Tee?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Kaffee und der Tee kosten fünf Mark zwölf.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">27.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Möchten Sie gern etwas essen?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich möchte gern etwas essen.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">28.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Was möchten Sie essen? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ich möchte Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut essen.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">29.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Möchten Sie auch Brot essen?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich möchte auch etwas Brot essen.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">30.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist hier das Bier? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Bier ist hier sehr gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">31.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist der Wein auch gut? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, der Wein ist auch sehr gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">32.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist der Kaffee? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Kaffee ist nicht gut. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">33.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist der Tee auch nicht gut?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, er ist auch nicht gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist die Milch gut? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> ja, die Milch ist sehr gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">35.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel ist zwei und zwei?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Zwei und zwei ist vier. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">36.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist drei und vier acht? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, drei und vier ist sieben.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">37.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel ist fünf und vier?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Fünf und vier ist neun. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">38.</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist sechs und fünf zwölf? </foreignphrase></td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, sechs und fünf ist nicht zwölf. Sechs und
          fünf ist elf. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Conversation practice</title>

      <para>Students keep books closed. Preparation before class is
      recommended.</para>

      <para>The instructor reads one conversational bout three or four times,
      out loud, at normal speed. Class listens and students memorize.</para>

      <para>The instructor and one student now 'play back' the conversation.
      Repeat each bout until each student has taken each part once. Then
      proceed to the next bout.</para>

      <para>Keep the ball rolling. If students are hesitant, abandon this
      drill for the day. Students will prepare themselves at home for the next
      repetition of the drill.</para>

      <para>The instructor will POSTPONE CORRECTING OF MISTAKES during a bout
      until after it is concluded so as not to discourage the student. After
      the bout, the instructor simply says the mistaken or mispronounced item
      to the student and has him repeat it after him.</para>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="10%"/>

        <col width="90%"/>

        <tr>
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1" valign="top"><emphasis
          role="bold">1</emphasis></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">A:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wo ist die Botschaft hier in Bonn?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">B:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Die Botschaft ist dort, geradeaus.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">A:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie bitte? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">B:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie ist dort, geradeaus. Verstehen Sie mich?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">A:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, danke. Und wo ist der Flughafen?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">B:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Der Flughafen ist da links.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">A:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Danke schön. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="10%"/>

        <col width="90%"/>

        <tr>
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1" valign="top"><emphasis
          role="bold">2</emphasis></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">S:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Tag, Herr Becker. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">K:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Tag, Herr Kunze. Wie geht es Ihnen?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">S:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Danke, gut. Und Ihnen? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">K:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Auch gut, danke. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">S:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie ist das Bier hier? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">K:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Es ist sehr gut und der Wein ist auch gut.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">S:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel kostet das Bier? </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">K:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Es kostet eine Mark zehn. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">S:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Möchten Sie auch etwas essen?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">K:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, danke. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="10%"/>

        <col width="90%"/>

        <tr>
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1" valign="top"><emphasis
          role="bold"> 3 </emphasis></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">C:</td>

          <td align="justify" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Guten Morgen. Ich möchte gern zehn Zigarren
          haben. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">D:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Bitte. Möchten Sie auch Zigaretten haben?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">C:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, danke. Aber ich möchte Streichhölzer
          haben. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">D:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Hier bitte. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">C:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie viel kosten die Zigarren?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">D:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie kästen fünf Mark sieben.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="10%"/>

        <col width="90%"/>

        <tr>
          <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1" valign="top"><emphasis
          role="bold"> 4 </emphasis></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">E:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Verzeihung, wo ist das Restaurant?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">F:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Das Restaurant ist dort, rechts.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">E:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ist das der Flughafen dort drüben?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">F:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Nein, das ist nicht der Flughafen, das ist der
          Bahnhof. Der Flughafen ist dort, links. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">E:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Wie bitte? Ich verstehe Sie nicht. Sprechen Sie
          bitte langsam. </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">F:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Das ist nicht der Flughafen, das ist der
          Bahnhof. Der Flughafen ist dort, links. Verstehen Sie mich?
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">E:</td>

          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja, ich verstehe Sie. Auf Wiedersehen.
          </foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Situations</title>

      <para>You are now ready for free conversation. Act out the following
      situations, Which are slight variations on the basic sentences, as
      freely and fluently as you can, making use of all the patterns you have
      learned.</para>

      <para><emphasis role="bold"> Finding the Way</emphasis></para>

      <para>An American has just arrived in Germany and doesn't understand too
      well yet. He asks a German on the street where the hotel is. The German
      tells him it's over there to the left. The American doesn't understand
      him and asks him to say it again please.</para>

      <para>He still does not understand and asks the German to speak slowly.
      The latter repeats much slower and asks the American if he understands.
      The American says he does, thanks him and says good-bye.</para>

      <para>Go through this conversation again with the American asking for
      the embassy, café, airport, etc., and the German giving different
      directions: straight ahead, over there, to the right, etc.</para>

      <para><emphasis role="bold"> Question Practice</emphasis></para>

      <para>Each student asks the next student a question in addition (numbers
      one to twelve). He answers it and asks the next student, etc.</para>

      <para><emphasis role="bold">At the Cigar Store </emphasis></para>

      <para>Mr. Becker is the proprietor of a cigar store. Mr. Schneider stops
      in for some cigarettes. They exchange greetings, and Mr. Becker asks
      what Mr. Schneider would like. After getting him the cigarettes he asks
      if Mr. Schneider would like some cigars, too. He says no thanks, but he
      would like some matches. Figuring up his own bill he says that costs one
      mark ten, doesn't it, but Mr. Becker says no, it costs two marks. Mr.
      Schneider gives him the money, and they say good-bye to each
      other.</para>

      <para><emphasis role="bold">At the Restaurant </emphasis></para>

      <para>Miss Schneider is the waitress in a restaurant. Mr. Kunze greets
      her as he comes in and asks how she is. She returns his greeting and
      asks if he is well, too. He says yes, thanks, and asks if they have
      sausage and sauerkraut, and how the beer and the wine are, etc. Finally
      he says he'd like to have sausage and sauerkraut, beer and some bread.
      After the meal he pays her - it costs three marks - and says
      good-bye.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Finder list</title>

      <para>FINDER LIST</para>

      <informaltable>
        <col width="50%"/>

        <col width="50%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Abend </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>evening</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> aber </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>but</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> acht </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>eight</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> auch </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>also, too</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> auch nicht
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>not ... either</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> auf deutsch
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>in German</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Auf Wiedersehen'.
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>good-bye</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> der Bahnhof
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>station</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> die Bank
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>bank</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> das Bier
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>beer</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> bitte </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>please</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> bitte schön
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>here you are</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> die Botschaft
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>embassy</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>sausage and sauerkraut</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Brot </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>bread</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> das Café</foreignphrase></td>

          <td>cafe</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> da </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>there</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> danke </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>thanks</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> danke schön
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>many thanks</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> das </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>that</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> dort </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>there</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> drei </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>three</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> drüben </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>over there</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> eins </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>one</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> elf </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>eleven</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> er </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>he, it</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> es </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>it</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> essen </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>eat</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> etwas Brot
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>some bread</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> der Flughafen
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>airport</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Frau </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>Mrs.</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Frau Kunze
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>Mrs. Kunze</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Fräulein
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>Miss</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Fräulein Schneider
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>Miss Schneider</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> fünf </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>five</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> geht </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>goes</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> geradeaus
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>straight ahead</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> gern(e) </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>with pleasure</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> gut </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>good, well</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> guten Abend
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>good evening</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> guten Morgen
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>good morning</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> guten Tag
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>hello (good by)</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> haben </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>have</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Herr </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>Mr.</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Herr Becker
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>Mr. Becker</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> hier </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>here</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> das Hotel
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>hotel</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> ich </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>I</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ihnen </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>to you, with you</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> ist </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>is</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Ja </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>yes</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> der Kaffee
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>coffee</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> kosten </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>cost</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> kostet </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>costs</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> langsam </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>slow, slowly</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> links </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>left, to the left</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> man </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>one, you</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Mark </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>Mark, Marks</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> eine Mark
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>one Mark</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> zwei Mark
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>two Marks</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> mich </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>me (accusative)</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> die Milch
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>milk</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> möchten </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>would like</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> möchten Sie
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>would you like</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> ich möchte
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>I would like</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> ich möchte gern
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>I'd like very much</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Morgen </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>morning</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> nein </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>no</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> neun </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>nine</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> nicht </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>not</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> nicht wahr?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>isn1t it (not true)?</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> nochmal </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>again</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> null </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>zero</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Pfennig </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>penny, pennies</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> rechts </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>to the right</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> das Restaurant
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>restaurant</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> sagt </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>says</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> sagt man
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>does one say</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> sechs </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>six</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> sehr </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>very</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> sie </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>she, it</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Sie </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>you</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> sieben </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>seven</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> sind </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>are</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> sprechen
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>speak</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> die Streichhölzer
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>matches</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Tag </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>day</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> der Tee </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>tea</td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> und </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>and</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> verstehen
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>understand</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> verstehen Sie
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>do you understand</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> ich verstehe
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>I understand</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Verzeihung
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>excuse me</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> vier </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>four</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> was </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>What</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> das Wasser
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>water</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> der Wein
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>wine</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> wie </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>how</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> wie bitte?
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>I beg your pardon. What did you say?</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> wie viel
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>now much</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> wie viele
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>how many</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> wo </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>Where</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> zehn </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>ten</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> Zigaretten
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>cigarettes</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> die Zigarren
          </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>cigars</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> zwei </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>two</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="de-1901"> zwölf </foreignphrase></td>

          <td>twelve</td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
  </chapter>

  <chapter>
    <title/>

    <para/>
  </chapter>
</book>