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FSI-German


			
				
					
						
						
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>GERMAN Basic Course</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/></head><body><div xml:lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d5e1"/>GERMAN Basic Course</h1></div><div><h2 class="subtitle">UNITS 1 - 12</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">Foreign Service Institute</span></h3></div></div></div><hr/></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#d5e10">Preface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#d5e18">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d5e40">1. Unit 1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e42">Basic sentences: <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wir sind in
          Deutschland</em></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e820">Notes on pronunciation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e1085">Notes on grammar</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e1419">Substitution drill.</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e1686">Variation drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2399">Translation drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2532">Response drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2767">Conversation practice</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2918">Situations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2935">Finder list</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d5e3369">2. </a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="colophon"><h1 class="title"><a id="d5e7"/></h1><p/></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d5e10"/>Preface</h1></div></div></div><p>This Basic Course in German has been designed to assist United States Government
      representatives who require a command of spoken German. The general concept of this text has
      grown out of the plan of Spoken Language courses prepared under the auspices of the American
      Council of Learned Societies during World War II. But pattern drills and other exercises have
      been developed extensively at the Foreign Service Institute to provide a much fuller
      manipulation of forms and patterns, and a conscious attempt has been made to adapt situations
      and vocabulary to specific needs of the Foreign Service. And the course is intended to lay a
      solid foundation for comprehensive language skills, providing systematically for the
      development of reading proficiency based on oral- aural skills.</p><p>This text is the end-product of several years of work and has benefited from the labors of
      many members and former members of the FSI staff. In its present form it was prepared under
      the supervision of Or. Samuel A. Brown, who has had overall responsibility for the arrangement
      of situational material and for the organization and presentation of structural features.
      Particular credit for the dialogs and much of the drill material goes to Mrs. Use Christoph.
      Mrs. Christoph has been assisted by Mrs. Maria-Luise Bissonnette, Mr Friedrich Lehmann, Mr.
      Gerhard Matzel, Mrs. Margarete Plischke and Mrs. Erika Quaid. A most valuable contribution was
      also made by Mrs. Quaid in preparing the major part of the typescript, assisted by Miss
      Geneviève Ducastel. The project has been a cooperative venture, however, and all members of
      the German staff have contributed freely the fruit of their classroom experience and the gifts
      of their imagination and insight.<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/Fsi-GermanBasicCourse-Volume1-StudentText-4.png"/></span></p><p>H. E. Sollenberger Dean, School of Languages Foreign Service Institute</p></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d5e18"/>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>AIM</p><p>It is the aim of the course to provide the student with a useful control of the structure
      of the spoken language and of a basic vocabulary which meets at least some of the specialized
      needs of the Foreign Service. After completion of the basic course the Foreign Service Officer
      should be able to make limited practical use of the language in his official duties and social
      obligations. He will furthermore have the means, given the proper surroundings and personal
      motivation, for continued rapid and efficient development of proficiency.</p><p>MATERIALS</p><p>The materials in this first volume of the text are organized into twelve lessons or units.
      Each unit contains a set of basic sentences for memorization. These are in the form of a
      dialog based on one or sometimes two specific situations in which a person might find himself
      in Germany. Notes to the basic sentences are provided as necessary to clarify occasional
      difficulties in vocabulary and idiom and to provide additional background on some cultural
      features unfamiliar to Americans. Notes on pronunciation are included in each of the first
      eight units. Phonological features which have been found to be particularly difficult for
      American students are here presented with explanations and pronunciation practice drills. The
      notes on grammar in each unit single out those structural features illustrated in the basic
      sentences which are appropriate for systematic consideration at that stage in the course.
      Substitution drills provide for the manipulation of forms by substituting specific items in
      fixed sentence frames. They are intended to build habits of association, so that in a given
      syntactic environment the appropriate grammatical form automatically comes to mind. As the
      German vocabulary is all familiar, no English equivalents are given in these drills. Variation
      drills provide for the manipulation of larger syntactic patterns. In each group a model
      sentence, underscored, serves as a guide. Associated with it are additional sentences
      incorporating the same syntactic pattern but in which most of the individual word items have
      been replaced. English equivalents are given to serve as cues for recall of the German variant
      sentences. Vocabulary drills provide both practice in the use of new vocabulary items and also
      allow for manipulation of sentence elements whose particular form and arrangement depends upon
      their association with that vocabulary item. The manipulation of both variation and vocabulary
      drills depends on the use of English equivalents. Specific translation drills are also
      provided, however. In most cases they present the material of the basic dialog in the form of
      a narrative. They thus provide content review of the basic sentences and practice in the
      transformation from active dialog to descriptive narration. The response drills are question
      and answer drills on the situations of the basic dialogs. Conversation practice and additional
      situations in outline bridge the gap to free conversation with small pieces of supplementary
      dialog for acting out and situations providing for a freer play of the student's imagination.
      The finder list in each unit notes all new vocabulary which has been presented.</p><p>METHOD AND PROCEDURE</p><p>This is a course in Spoken German; the forms and patterns of the language are
      intentionally colloquial. The emphasis in instruction is everywhere on speech, and an
      indispensable component of the learning process is the voice of a tutor, or instructor, whose
      native language is German. On no account should the student attempt to use these materials
      without either a native instructor or recordings of a native instructor's voice. The method of
      instruction incorporates guided imitation, repetition, memorization, pattern practice, and
      conversation.</p><p>Working under the supervision of a linguist the tutor's role is to serve as a model for
      speech and to guide the student to accurate imitation by constant repetition and correction.
      The student's Job is to watch and listen to the tutor carefully and to imitate as exactly as
      he can the sounds which he hears. He must be prepared for constant correction and repetition.
      Each time however the instructor will give him a model to follow by repeating the item first.
      The student should never attempt to read from his text but should always wait until he hears
      the word or utterance as the tutor speaks it for him. As far as possible he should leave his
      book closed during the presentation of new dialog material and keep his eyes on the tutor,
      students will be asked to repeat in chorus and individually and will be expected to repeat
      many, many times, even when their imitation has been good and accurate. Only by constant
      repetition after an authentic model for speech can habitual fluent and accurate reproduction
      of the sounds and forms of the foreign language be achieved.</p><p>The basic sentences are preceded by "build-ups" giving the component parts of the
      utterance separately. Each new item which is introduced appears first as a build-up. The tutor
      will ask the students to repeat the build-ups separately first, then combined into larger
      units and finally the complete new sentence or utterance. The basic sentences are sub-divided
      into numbered sections, each to be treated as a unit, repeated in chorus and individually,
      with and without build-ups, until the students' imitation is satisfactory. Then a new section
      may be begun. The time required to cover each section in this way will differ widely depending
      on the size and ability of the class. After acceptable imitation and accurate pronunciation
      has been achieved in one or more sections they are assigned for memorization outside of class
      or repeated in class until memorized. The student should be able to give either the German
      sentence or its English equivalent on request or switch from one to the other and back again.
      The tutor will drill by repeating each sentence for each student in the class, then by giving
      each student a different sentence, repeating it for him first, and finally asking the students
      to recite the sentences in order, the first student the first sentence, the second student the
      second sentence, etc., without receiving a cue from the instructor. Repetition outside of
      class, preferably using recorded materials as a guide, should be continued to the point of
      over-learning. The student should not only be able to give the correct German sentence
      immediately upon hearing an English equivalent, at random selection, he should also be able to
      give the correct German sentence with equal ease and speed of response upon hearing its German
      cue. As a final step the students are expected to act out the basic dialog in entirety from
      memory, with the tutor or with other students. Only when the basic sentences have been
      mastered to this extent can they be considered to provide an adequate basis for control of the
      spoken language. It should be noted at this point that the English text accompanying the basic
      sentences is not primarily a translation but rather a set of conversational equivalents. Many
      apparent discrepancies will be found if the student, or the tutor, looks for word-for-word
      correspondence between the English and German text. It does not exist. Rather, in such and
      such a situation this is what is said in German and this is what is said in English.</p><p>The pronunciation practice drills are to be taken up after the presentation of the basic
      sentences has been completed and memorization has been started. Items are arranged in groups
      according to the particular phonological feature concerned. Words in vertical columns present
      the same phonological feature in different environments. Several columns in a practice group
      contain related phonological features or related phonological environments in which the same
      feature recurs. Words are to be repeated first in chorus and then individually by each student
      after the tutor, at first following the vertical columns and later, for variation and
      comparison, horizontally across the page. Particular attention should be paid to items in
      contrast. These are minimum meaningfully distinctive sound patterns, accurate control of which
      is important for communication and comprehension. Contrasting word pairs are linked by a dash,
      and after separate practice for accuracy the items should be repeated by pairs to bring out
      the exact distinctions between them.</p><p>The notes on grammar are earmarked for home study. After each unit has been started and
      the first hour or more has been spent in class on repetition of the basic sentences the
      student should read through the grammar notes to acquaint himself with the grammatical points
      presented in that unit. During the whole time a particular unit is being worked on in class
      the student should continue to study the grammar section. Many questions which he may feel
      tempted to raise in class will be found to be answered in the notes on grammar. The tutor is
      specifically requested not to discuss the language with his students, and the students are
      asked not to ply him with questions. Time in class is to be spent using and manipulating the
      language and not in talking about it. In each unit one or more grammatical features are
      presented, and the basic sentences have been designed, as far as is possible consistent with
      natural expression, to incorporate and illustrate those features. Each point of grammar
      discussed is illustrated by sentences which are natural utterances in the language. They are
      taken in nearly every case from the basic sentences of the current or preceding units. Thus
      the examples are already familiar to the student, and the patterns they contain, which will be
      drilled and practiced in the sections to follow, are patterns which the student has already
      begun to assimilate by memorizing the sentences of the dialog.</p><p>After the basic sentences of a unit have all been repeated several times and memorization
      has been well begun, work can be started on the drills. The material is designed to provide a
      maximum of additional experience in using the forms and patterns of the language learned in
      the basic sentences. It is not assumed, however, that the learner is automatically able to
      transfer the experience gained in the basic sentences to error-free manipulation of these
      forms and patterns. The drills are by no means a test of what the student can do with the
      elements given him. It is a matter of no great importance whether he can or cannot "figure
      them out" by himself. The goal is to learn to speak the language accurately and fluently, and
      this aim can only be achieved by correct repetition of the forms and patterns involved.
      Therefore all the sentences in each drill group are first to be repeated after the tutor in
      their correct form. The tutor then cues each student in turn for repetition of one of the
      drill sentences until all students have given all sentences correctly.</p><p>In the substitution drills the model sentence and all its variants are first repeated in
      chorus after the tutor. He then gives the model sentence again, the class repeats it in
      chorus, after which each student is cued individually with an item to be substituted and
      repeats the sentence with the substitution called for. In some cases the cue is the exact form
      which fits into the sentence. In some cases a cue is given which requires the student to
      choose the proper form to fit the syntactic environment of the model. Regardless of which type
      of cue is given or how simple or complex the exercise may appear to be, the student's task is
      to make the substitution without hesitation and to repeat the sentence accurately at normal
      conversational speed. Although no English equivalents are given in the substitution drills and
      the first task is rapid, fluent and accurate manipulation of the material in German. The tutor
      may ask for spot translations into English here and there, and on the second or third
      repetition of the drill he may give English equivalents as word or sentence cues in place of
      the German cues provided.</p><p>In most of the variation drills and in all of the vocabulary drills the cues take the form
      of equivalent English sentences. Basic procedure remains the same as in the substitution
      drills. All sentences in a given variation or vocabulary group are first repeated after the
      tutor in their correct form. The tutor then gives the pattern sentence again, and the students
      repeat it in chorus, after which they are required individually to recall and repeat the
      correct German sentences for which an English equivalent is given. Students may work with
      their books open here, covering up the right-hand side of the page on Which the German
      sentences are printed and taking their cues from the English sentences on the left-hand side
      of the page.</p><p>Conversion drills require the conversion of one or more elements in a sentence from one
      form to another - singular to plural, present tense to past tense, etc. No English is provided
      for these sentences as a rule. However, as in the substitution drills the tutor may ask for a
      random spot translation into English, and he may go through the drill a second or third time
      giving English sentence cues for which the student gives the German equivalent.</p><p>Translation and response drills, as noted above, are in most cases directly related to the
      basic sentences. In translation drills the procedure is similar to that followed in variation
      and vocabulary drills. Students may work with their books open, covering the German text and
      reading the English sentences themselves, or if preferred, books may be left closed while the
      tutor gives the English equivalents. In the response drills it is often appropriate for the
      tutor to address two or three questions to the same student and then two or three more to the
      next, so that the drill takes on a more natural character of conversational interchange. Both
      drills should be repeated in entirety several times, however, or until all students have had a
      chance to respond to all items.</p><p>It will be noted that all drill material is provided with both a cue and a correct
      response, so that all may be prepared by the student outside of class and repeated and
      practiced by him as often as necessary to achieve complete accuracy and fluency. In many cases
      there is more than one possible response to a given cue, and instructors are encouraged to
      accept all responses which are truly equivalent. If a correct response has been given,
      however, instructors are not to suggest variant forms which may occur to them, as this only
      introduces unnecessary complexity of choice to an exercise which is difficult enough as it
      is.</p><p>In the conversation practice brief conversations, usually on the same theme as the basic
      dialog, are read through by the tutor three or four times while students listen. Then the
      tutor takes one role while one student takes the other, and they repeat the conversation
      together. The student's aim here is not primarily to memorize and repeat exactly, but to give
      as accurate an equivalent as possible in his own words. After acting out the conversation with
      the tutor the student goes through it again with another student, he in turn with the next
      student, and so on until all have taken both parts in the dialog.</p><p>The situations are brief descriptions, in English in the earlier units, later in German,
      of occurrences similar to those on which the basic dialogs are based. Two or more students
      then act out what has been described in their own way and using their ov.i words. They are
      free to use their imagination and fill in any supplementary details that occur to them. The
      whole conversation should not be prolonged however more than four or five minutes maximum
      duration. Then other students may try their hand at the same situation.</p><p>The narratives, beginning with the fifth unit, are designed for reading purposes. In the
      early units they introduce a minimum of additional vocabulary and unfamiliar forms, and they
      may be used in the class for oral narration, the student re-telling in his own words what he
      has read. In later units some features of expository prose - matters of both form and style -
      which differ from normal spoken usage are introduced through the narratives in order to bridge
      the gap between conversational German and those reading skills of a specialized nature which
      require particular study and attention.</p><p>The ultimate goal of the course, as has been stated above, is to speak accurately,
      fluently and easily. The text provides for the assimilation of all basic forms and patterns of
      the language by the guided imitation, memorization, and manipulation of a large number of
      sentences and by practice in confronting several widely occurring everyday situations. Actual
      living use of the language in free conversation is a necessary and essential adjunct. The
      tutor should therefore encourage his students from the start to use the language in every way
      possible, above and beyond what is provided for in the text. After the first few days of work
      both students and tutors should avoid the use of English in the classroom for any purpose at
      all, and they are encouraged to speak German outside the classroom as well. Only by constant
      use of the skill he is learning can the student hope to master it and retain it as a useful
      tool of his profession.</p></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d5e40"/>Chapter 1. Unit 1</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e42">Basic sentences: <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wir sind in
          Deutschland</em></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e820">Notes on pronunciation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e1085">Notes on grammar</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e1419">Substitution drill.</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e1686">Variation drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2399">Translation drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2532">Response drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2767">Conversation practice</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2918">Situations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d5e2935">Finder list</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e42"/>Basic sentences: <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wir sind in
          Deutschland</em></span></h2></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">I</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Good morning</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> guten Morgen </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good morning.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Morgen. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Mr.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Becker</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Becker </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Mr. Becker</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr Becker </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good morning, Mr. Becker.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Morgen, Herr Becker.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>day</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tag </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Hello (Good day).</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Mrs.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Kunze</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Kunze </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Mrs. Kunze</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau Kunze </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Hello , Mrs. Kunze.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag, Frau Kunze.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>evening</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Abend </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good evening.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Abend. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Miss</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fräulein </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Schneider</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Schneider </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Miss Schneider</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fräulein Schneider
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good evening, Miss Schneider.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Abend, Fräulein Schneider.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">II</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Hello, Miss Schneider.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag,
              Fräulein Schneider. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Hello, Mr. Becker.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag,
              Herr Becker. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">how</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">goes</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geht
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">it</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> es
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">to you, with you</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ihnen
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">How are you? (how goes it with you?)</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie geht es
              Ihnen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">thanks</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">very</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sehr
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">good, well</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gut
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Fine, Thanks.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke, sehr
              gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">and</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> und
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">And how are you, Mr. Becker?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Und wie geht
              es Ihnen, Herr Becker? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">also, too</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Thank you, I’m fine too.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke, auch
              gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">III</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">understand</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> verstehen
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">you</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Do you understand Mrs. Kunze?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie
              Frau Kunze? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">no</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nein
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">I</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">I understand</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich verstehe
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">not</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nicht
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">No, I don't understand Mrs. Kunze.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, ich
              verstehe Frau Kunze nicht. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">me</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> mich
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Do you understand me?</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich?
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">yes</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ja
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Yes, I understand you well.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich
              verstehe Sie gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">IV</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">where</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wo
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">is</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ist
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the airport</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Flughafen
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Where's the airport?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der
              Flughafen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">there</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> dort
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">over there</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> drüben
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">The airport is over there.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Flughafen
              ist dort drüben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">please</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">I beg your pardon. What did you say?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie bitte?
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">speak</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sprechen
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">slow, slowly</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> langsam
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Please speak slowly.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sprechen Sie
              bitte langsam. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">The airport is over there.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Flughafen
              ist dort drüben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Do you understand?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie?
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">thank you</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke schön
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Yes, I understand. Thank you.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich
              verstehe. Danke schön. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">you're welcome</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte schön
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">You're welcome.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bitte schön.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">V</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">that</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the railroad station</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Bahnhof
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Is that the railroad station?</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das der Bahnhof?
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">No, that' not the station.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist
              nicht der Bahnhof. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">he, it</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> er
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">to the left</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> links
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">It's there to the left.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist dort
              links. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the restaurant</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Restaurant
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Is the restaurant there too?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das
              Restaurant auch dort? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">it</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> es
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Yes, it's there too.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, es ist
              auch dort. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">VI</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">what</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> was
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">there</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> da </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>What's that there?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was ist das
              da? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>the hotel</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Hotel
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">That's the hotel.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist das
              Hotel. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">here</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> hier
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">to the right</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> rechts
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the embassy</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Botschaft
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Is the embassy here to the right?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist die
              Botschaft hier rechts? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">she, it</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sie
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Yes, it's here to the right.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, sie ist hier rechts.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">VII</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Excuse me the café</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verzeihung das
              Cafe </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Excuse me, where is the café?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verzeihung, wo
              ist das Cafe? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>straight ahead</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geradeaus
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">There, straight ahead.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Dort,
              geradeaus. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the bank isn't it? (not true?)</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Bank nicht
              wahr </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>The bank is there too, isn't it?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Bank ist
              auch da, nicht wahr? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Yes, it's there too.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, sie ist
              auch da. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">thanks</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Thanks.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>you're welcome</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">You're welcome.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bitte.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">VIII</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good morning.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Morgen.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">I would like</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich möchte
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">with pleasure</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gern
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>I'd like very much</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich möchte
              gern </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">some cigars</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zigarren
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">to have</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> haben
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">I'd like to have some cigars.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte
              gern Zigarren haben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">how many</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie viele
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">All right. How many?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Gern. Wie
              viele? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">five</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> fünf
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">and</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> und
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">some matches</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Streichhölzer
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Five, and some matches too, please.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fünf, und
              bitte auch Streichhölzer. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Here you are.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hier, bitte.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">how much</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie viel
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">costs</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kostet
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">How much does that cost?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel
              kostet das? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the cigars</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Zigarren
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">cost</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kosten
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">two</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zwei
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Mark</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Mark
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">The cigars cost two Marks.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren kosten zwei
              Mark. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the matches</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Streichhölzer
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">ten</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zehn
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">penny, pennies</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Pfennig
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">The matches cost ten pennies.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Streichhölzer kosten
              zehn Pfennig. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">would like</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchten
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">would you like</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchten Sie
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>some cigarettes</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zigaretten
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Would you like to have some cigarettes too?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie
              auch Zigaretten haben? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">they</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sie
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">they cost</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sie kosten
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Yes, how much do they cost?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, wie viel
              kosten sie? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">one</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> eine
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">One Mark.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Eine Mark.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Here you are.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bitte
              schön</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Thank you.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke schön.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">IX</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Good evening.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Abend.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">to eat</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> essen
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Would you like to eat?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie
              essen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">sausage and sauerkraut</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bratwurst mit
              Sauerkraut </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Yes, sausage and sauerkraut please.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, Bratwurst
              mit Sauerkraut, bitte. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">some, a little</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> etwas
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">bread</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Brot
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">And a little bread.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Und etwas
              Brot. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">X</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the wine</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Wein
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">How's the wine, and how's the beer?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist der
              Wein und wie ist das Bier? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">are</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sind
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">The wine and the beer are good.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Wein und
              das Bier sind gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">but</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> aber
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the coffee</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Kaffee
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">But the coffee's not good.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Aber der
              Kaffee ist nicht gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>the tea</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Tee
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">not ... either</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch nicht
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">And the tea isn't good either.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Und der Tee
              ist auch nicht gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the milk</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Milch
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Is the milk good?</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist die Milch gut?
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Yes, the milk is very good.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, die Milch
              ist sehr gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">the water</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Wasser
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">How's the water here?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist hier
              das Wasser? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>The water is good.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Wasser ist gut.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">XI</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">zero - one - two - three - four</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">null</em></span> -
              <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">eins</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">zwei</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">drei</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">vier</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">five - six - seven - eight</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">fünf</em></span> -
              <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sechs</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sieben</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">acht</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">nine - ten - eleven - twelve</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">neun</em></span> -
              <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">zehn</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">elf</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">zwölf</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">How much is three and five?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist
              drei und fünf? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Three and five is eight.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Drei und fünf
              ist acht. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">How much is seven and four?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist
              sieben und vier? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Seven and four is eleven.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sieben und
              vier ist elf. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">How much is two and ten?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist
              zwei und zehn? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Two and ten is twelve.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zwei und zehn
              ist zwölf. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">again</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nochmal
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Say it again/ please.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nochmal,
              bitte. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Two and ten is twelve.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zwei und zehn
              ist zwölf. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="center" colspan="2">XII</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">one, you</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> man
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">says</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sagt
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">does one say</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sagt man
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">in German</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auf deutsch
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">How do you say 'good bye' in German?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie sagt man
              'good bye' auf deutsch? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">good bye</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Auf
              Wiedersehen </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">You say '<span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Auf
              Wiedersehen</em></span>'.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Man sagt 'Auf
              Wiedersehen'. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e820"/>Notes on pronunciation</h2></div></div></div><p>The spelling of a language only symbolizes to the native speaker the sounds Which he
        already knows. You will learn these sounds directly from your instructor; the spelling will
        serve as an aid to listening. No spelling system adequately represents the sounds of the
        spoken language, and no attempt will be made at this point to outline exactly what sounds
        are represented by what symbols of the German spelling system. We will however present for
        particular drill and attention in each unit certain sounds which have shown themselves to be
        difficult for speakers of American English. In the meantime we ask you to remember two
        cardinal points:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>The German of your text is printed in the standard German written style.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The letter-symbols used, although in most cases the same symbols we use in written
              English, in most cases do not represent exactly the same sounds we use in English.
              Therefore, DO NOT EXPECT GERMAN WRITTEN SYMBOLS TO REPRESENT SOUND VALUES YOU KNOW IN
              ENGLISH.</p></li></ol></div><p>Pronunciation Practices. To be drilled in class.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">A. Short Vowels</span></dt><dd><p>The German short vowels i,e,a and u are not dissimilar from English sounds. The
                o, however, is probably different from any sound that you have in English. Do not
                try to replace it by a sound from English, but rather reproduce the pronunciation of
                your instructor. The German front rounded vowels ö and ü do not occur in English. To
                produce the ö, put your tongue in the position for the German e and round your lips;
                for ü, put your tongue in the position for the German i and round your lips. You
                will then produce a sound similar to the German sound. Experiment until your
                instructor is satisfied with your pronunciation. Do not worry about the meaning of
                the words in these practices. Concentrate instead on the sounds.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="20%"/><col width="20%"/><col width="20%"/><col width="20%"/><col width="20%"/><thead><tr>
                    <td align="center" colspan="5" valign="top">Practice l(a)</td>
                  </tr></thead><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short i
                    </strong></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short
                      e</strong></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short
                      a</strong></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short
                      o</strong></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short u
                    </strong></span></td>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">bitte</em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> denn
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      kostet </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> muss
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ist
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      essen </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Mann
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      Sonne </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      Mutter </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> in
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      etwas </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> an
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      Doktor </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> und
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short ö
                    </strong></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short
                      ü</strong></span></td>

                  <td/>

                  <td/>

                  <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> - e (unstressed)
                    </strong></span></td>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      können </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      Mütter </em></span></td>

                  <td/>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      bitte </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      genug </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      möchte </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> fünf
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td/>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      danke </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      gesehen </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      öfter </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      Hütte </em></span></td>

                  <td/>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      Sonne </em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                      bekommen </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="left">Practice 1(b)</td>

                  <td/>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">mit</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Mütter</em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">kennen</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">können</em></span></td>
                </tr><tr valign="top">
                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">missen</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">müssen</em></span></td>

                  <td align="center"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">stecke</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Stöcke</em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></dd><dt><span class="term">B. Long Vowels</span></dt><dd><p>There are no sounds in English exactly like the German long vowels. If you will
                pronounce English gate and then ask your instructor to pronounce German <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">geht</em></span></strong></span>, you
                will notice that the English vowel sound seems to change during its pronunciation,
                but the German sound seems tense and stable throughout its duration. Your tongue
                actually moves during the production of the English vowel sound, but during the
                production of the German sound the tongue remains in the same position. The long ö
                and ü are formed approximately like short ö and ü. Pronounce German long e and round
                your lips to form ö , and pronounce German long i and round your lips to form
                ü</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Practice 2(a)</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="12.5%"/><col width="12.5%"/><col width="12.5%"/><col width="12.5%"/><col width="12.5%"/><col width="12.5%"/><col width="12.5%"/><col width="12.5%"/><tr align="center">
                  <td>Long</td>

                  <td>i</td>

                  <td>e</td>

                  <td>a</td>

                  <td>o</td>

                  <td>u</td>

                  <td>ö</td>

                  <td>ü</td>
                </tr><tr align="center">
                  <td/>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geht
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tag
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sohn
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gut
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> König
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> für
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr align="center">
                  <td/>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ihnen
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tee
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Abend
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> oder
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> du
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> schön
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tür
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr align="center">
                  <td/>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> viel
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> den
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bahn
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wo
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Flug
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> öde
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">über
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Practice 2(b)</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr align="center">
                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">vier</em></span>
                    - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">für</em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">lesen</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">lösen</em></span></td>
                </tr><tr align="center">
                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Tier</em></span>
                    - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Tür</em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Sehne</em></span> - <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Söhne</em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></dd><dt><span class="term">C.</span></dt><dd><p><span class="bold"><strong>Distinguishing Long and Short Vowels</strong></span></p><p>It is NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE to distinguish long and short vowels in written
                German, as the German spelling system does not consistently mark them as such. Your
                best guide to the pronunciation of any given word is the way your native instructor
                pronounces it. However, a few hints can be given which will help you to recognize
                them <span class="bold"><strong>most</strong></span> of the time. If you look back at the
                practice lists above you will see that the short vowels in <span class="bold"><strong>most</strong></span> cases are followed by two or more consonants and they are always
                written with a single letter symbol. Then note that the long vowels are <span class="bold"><strong>not always</strong></span> written with a single letter symbol and usually
                are followed by only one consonant. The following combinations of letters always
                designate long vowels: ie, ih - eh, ee - ah, aa - oh, oo - uh - öh - üh</p></dd><dt><span class="term">D.</span></dt><dd><p><span class="bold"><strong>Diphthongs</strong></span></p><p>These combinations of two vowel sounds in German are very similar, though not
                identical to certain vowel combinations in English.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Practice 3</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="33%"/><col width="33%"/><col width="33%"/><tr align="center">
                  <td>ei</td>

                  <td>au</td>

                  <td>eu (äu)</td>
                </tr><tr align="center">
                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nein
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> deutsch
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr align="center">
                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> eins
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tau
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> neun
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr align="center">
                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wein
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Laut
                    </em></span></td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> läute
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e1085"/>Notes on grammar</h2></div><div><h3 class="subtitle">(For home study)</h3></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem"><p>The German Noun-Classification ('Gender') System.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem"><p>The three classes of nouns.</p><p><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Der</strong></span> Wein
                    ist nicht gut.</em></span>
                  <span class="bold"><strong>The</strong></span> wine isn't good.</p><p><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Das</strong></span> Bier
                    ist gut.</em></span>
                  <span class="bold"><strong>The</strong></span> beer is good.</p><p><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">
                    <span class="bold"><strong>Die</strong></span> Milch ist auch gut.</em></span>
                  <span class="bold"><strong>The</strong></span> milk is good too.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>German has three words for 'the': <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> and
                        <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span></strong></span>; and German nouns can be divided into three
                      classes according to which of the three words for 'the* they go with.
                        <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wein</em></span></strong></span> goes only with <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der</em></span></strong></span>, never
                      with <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span>, never with <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span></strong></span>. Bier
                      goes only with <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span>, and so on.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>We will refer to these three classes of nouns, for obvious reasons, as
                        <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der</em></span>-</strong></span>nouns, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span>-nouns and <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span>-</strong></span>nouns. (1 <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wein</em></span></em></span></strong></span> is <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der</em></span>-</strong></span>noun-' '<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Hotel</em></span></em></span></strong></span> is a <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span>-</strong></span>noun.1)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The traditional statement about this phenomenon is: 'German nouns have
                      three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter.' we will not use this
                      terminology because it tends to mislead English-speaking students by
                      suggesting that the German noun classification has something to do with sex
                      differentiation. It doesn't. See paragraph III.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Insofar as the <span class="bold"><strong>basic stock</strong></span> of German
                      nouns is concerned (nouns like house, grass, sky, wine, beer, milk), there is
                      absolutely no sense or rationale to the classification system; there is no way
                      at all of anticipating which class any given noun belongs to. You must simply
                      learn the word for 'the' as a part of the noun: the German word for 'wine1 is
                        <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der
                          Wein</em></span></strong></span>. And you must practice saying <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der
                        Wein</em></span></strong></span> often enough so that <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Wein</em></span></strong></span> or
                        <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die
                          Wein</em></span></strong></span> sounds as wrong to you as 'The father of
                      his country — Henry Washington.'</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Now, Henry Washington is a perfectly good name; but it's wrong, and every^
                      American knows it's wrong. By the same token, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Wein</em></span></strong></span> is
                      a perfectly good form; but it's wrong, and every German knows it's
                      wrong.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>With <span class="bold"><strong>derivative</strong></span> nouns (that is, nouns
                      made from other words, like our happiness, brother-hood) your problem is
                      easier. The classification of German derivative nouns is fairly orderly and
                      consistent. Nouns ending in -<span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">ung</em></span>, for example, are always <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span></strong></span>-nouns:
                        <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die
                          Verzeihung</em></span></strong></span> 'the forgiveness, the pardon. And
                      nouns ending with the diminutive suffixes -<span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">lein</em></span> and -<span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>chen</strong></span></em></span> are always <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das-</em></span></strong></span>nouns: <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Fräulein</em></span></strong></span> 'the miss,
                      waitress,'</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das
                          Mädchen</em></span></strong></span> 'the little girl.' We will deal with
                      the formation of the various kinds of derivative nouns as we go along through
                      the units.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>But if the classification of derivative nouns is orderly and consistent,
                      the classification of the basic stock of German nouns remains virtually
                      chaotic. There really is no system at all for guessing Which class a noun
                      belongs to; it's not something you can reason out or get the knack of. It is
                      not the same as our <span class="bold"><strong>he-she-it</strong></span> system, as
                      we'll see in. a minute. There is absolutely nothing in English like it. Your
                      only solution is to use the nouns until you know them as well as you know
                      'George Washington.'</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Pronouns Corresponding to the Three Classes of Nouns.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist der
                              Bahnof?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Er ist
                            dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is the station?</td><td>It's there.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist das
                            Hotel?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Es ist
                            dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is the hotel?</td><td>It's there.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist die
                              Botshaft?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Sie ist
                            dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is the embassy?</td><td>It's there.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>As these examples show, there is a special <span class="bold"><strong>pronoun</strong></span> for each of the three classes of nouns. Notice the
                  correspondence in the final sounds of the pairs <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der<span class="bold"><strong>-</strong></span>er</em></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das-es</em></span></strong></span>,
                  and <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>die-sie</strong></span></em></span>. This is no coincidence.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Contrast between German and English Pronoun Usage.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>der</strong></span> Bahnhof?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Er</strong></span>
                            ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> station?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>It's</strong></span> there.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>der</strong></span> Mann?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Er</strong></span>
                            ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where's <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> man?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>He's</strong></span> here.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>das</strong></span> Hotel?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Es</strong></span>
                            ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> hotel?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>It's</strong></span> there.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>das</strong></span> Kind?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Es</strong></span>
                            ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> child?</td><td><p><span class="bold"><strong>He's</strong></span> here.</p>
                          <p><span class="bold"><strong>She's</strong></span> here</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>die</strong></span> Botschaft?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Sie</strong></span> ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> embassy?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>It's</strong></span> there.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>die</strong></span> Frau?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Sie</strong></span> ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where's <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> woman?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>She's</strong></span> here.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>These examples show that the German pronouns <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">er</em></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sie</em></span></strong></span>, and es do not match up with the English
                  pronouns 'he', 'she', and 'it'. The English <span class="bold"><strong>he-she-it</strong></span> system has an entirely different foundation from the
                  German noun-classification ('gender') system. In the English system, the choice of
                  pronoun depends upon the sex (male, female, or sexless) of some non-linguistic
                  entity—a man ('he'), a woman ('she'), or a table ('it'). In the German system, on
                  the other hand, the choice of pronoun depends upon the linguistic classification
                  of the noun you are replacing, except in reference to human beings.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Pronouns Referring to People.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist das
                              Fraülein?</em></span></td><td>Where is the waitress?</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Sie ist
                            dort.</em></span></td><td>She's there.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> Since all German nouns referring to men are <span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>der</strong></span></em></span><span class="bold"><strong>-nouns</strong></span> and virtually all German nouns referring to women
                  are <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span></strong></span>-nouns. <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">er</em></span></strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sie</em></span></strong></span> correspond
                  to 'he' and 'she' — when they refer to <span class="bold"><strong>human
                    beings</strong></span>. Consequently, one says <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sie</em></span></strong></span> when referring to <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das
                    Fräulein</em></span></strong></span>. Who is, after all, die lunge Dame 'the
                  young lady',<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die
                      Tochte</em></span></strong></span>r 'the daughter', <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Schwester</em></span></strong></span>
                  'the sister', and so on, as well as <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Fräulein</em></span></strong></span>.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>No classification in the Plural.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="25%"/><col width="25%"/><col width="25%"/><col width="25%"/><tr valign="top">
                    <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo
                        sind die Bahnhöfe? </em></span></td>

                    <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie
                        sind hier. </em></span></td>

                    <td align="left">Where are the stations?</td>

                    <td align="left">They're here.</td>
                  </tr><tr valign="top">
                    <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo
                        sind die Hotels? </em></span></td>

                    <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie
                        sind hier. </em></span></td>

                    <td align="left">Where are the hotels?</td>

                    <td align="justify">They're here.</td>
                  </tr><tr valign="top">
                    <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo
                        sind die Frauen? </em></span></td>

                    <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie
                        sind hier. </em></span></td>

                    <td align="left">Where are the women?</td>

                    <td align="justify">They're here.</td>
                  </tr></table></div><p>As these examples show, the three-fold classification we've been discussing
                  applies only to nouns in the singular. In the plural, there is only one word for
                  'the', and only one pronoun.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The pointing-Word <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
              <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist
                  der Bahnhof, nicht wahr? </em></span></td>

              <td align="left">This is the station, isn't it?</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, das
                  ist er. </em></span></td>

              <td align="left">Yes, that's it.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das
                  die Milch? </em></span></td>

              <td align="left">Is that the milk?</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist
                  Wasser. </em></span></td>

              <td align="left">This is water.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sind das
                  die Streichhölzer? </em></span></td>

              <td align="left">Are these the matches?</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das sind
                  die Zigarren. </em></span></td>

              <td align="left">Those are the cigars.</td>
            </tr></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem"><p>The pointing-word <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> (often accompanied by a pointing gesture) is
                used to call any <span class="bold"><strong>object</strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong>group of objects</strong></span> to the hearer's attention, without any reference to
                noun classification or to the number of objects.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The pointing-word <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> is an entirely different entity from the
                  <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> of <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Hotel</em></span></strong></span>. The English equivalents
                of the pointing-word <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> are 'this', <span class="bold"><strong>'that',
                  'these', and 'those'.</strong></span></p></li></ol></div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e1419"/>Substitution drill.</h2></div></div></div><p>This section is made up of a number of model sentences. One or two words in each
        sentence are underscored. Below each group will be found a series of isolated words. The
        drill consists in substituting these words, one by one, for the one that is underscored in
        the model sentence, and making necessary changes in the rest of the sentence.</p><p>The instructor says the model sentence out loud, and the class repeats after him. The
        first student makes the first substitution, the next student the second, and so on. Repeat
        until all students have had a chance to make each substitution at least once, then proceed
        to the next model sentence.</p><p>This drill may be done with books closed. The instructor then gives the students the
        item to be substituted. Keep things moving along. Maintain a lively pace. If one student
        gets stuck, the next one takes over after three or four seconds.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Der Flughafen ist
              dort.</em></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bahnhof - Kaffee - Tee -
                        Wein</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Bahnhof - der Kaffee - der Tee -
                        der Wein</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Bier - Wasser - Hotel -
                        Cafe</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant - das Bier - das Wasser
                        - das Hotel - das Cafe</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bank - Milch -
                        Botschaft</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Bank - die Milch - die
                        Botschaft</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer -
                        Zigarren</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer - die
                        Zigarren</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bahnhof - Hotel - Tee - Milch - Kaffee
                        - Restaurant - Streichhölzer - Botschaft - Flughafen - Bier - Wein - Wasser
                        - Zigarren - Cafe </em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Bahnhof - das Hotel - der Tee - die
                        Milch - der Kaffee - das Restaurant - die Streichhölzer - die Botschaft -
                        der Flughafen - das Bier - der Wein - das Wasser - die Zigarren - das
                        Café</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p xml:lang="de-1901">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>der
              Bahnhof</strong></span>?</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Flughafen - Kaffee - Tee -
                        Wein</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Flughafen - der Kaffe - der Tee -
                        der Wein </em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Bier - Wasser - Cafe -
                        Hotel</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant - das Bier - das Wasser
                        - das Cafe - das Hotel</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bank - Milch -
                        Botschaft</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Bank - die Milch - die
                        Botschaft</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer -
                        Zigarren</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer - die
                        Zigarren</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Flughafen - Bank - Kaffee
                        - Wasser - Milch - Streichhölzer - Bahnhof - Tee - Hotel - Wein - Bier -
                        Botschaft - Zigarren - Cafe</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant - der Flughafen - die
                        Bank - der Kaffee - das Wasser - die Milch - die Streichhölzer - der Bahnhof
                        - der Tee - das Hotel - der Wein - das Bier - die Botschaft - die Zigarren -
                        das Cafe</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p xml:lang="de-1901">Wieviel kostet <span class="bold"><strong>der
              Kaffee</strong></span>?</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wein - Tee</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Wein - der
                      Tee</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Zigarren -
                        Streichhölzer</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Zigarren - die
                        Streichhölzer</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wtein - Zigarren - Tee - Streichhölzer
                        - Bier </em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Wein - die Zigarren - der Tee - die
                        Streichhölzer - das Bier</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p xml:lang="de-1901">Wie ist <span class="bold"><strong>das Bier</strong></span>?</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wasser - Hotel - Restaurant -
                        Cafe</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Wasser - das Hotel - das Restaurant
                        - das Café</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Kaffee - Tee - Wein
                      </em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Kaffee - der Tee - der
                        Wein</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bank - Milch</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Bank - die
                      Milch</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Zigarren -
                        Streichhölzer</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Zigarren - die
                        Streichhölzer</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier - Tee - Hotel - Wein - Wasser -
                        Kaffee - Milch -Zigarren - Caf£ - Bank -
                      Streichhölzer</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier - der Tee - das Hotel - der
                        Wein - das Wasser - der Kaffee - die Milch - die Zigarren - das Cafe - die
                        Bank - die Streichhölzer</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p xml:lang="de-1901"><span class="bold"><strong>Das Hotel</strong></span> ist gut.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier - Restaurant - Wasser -
                        Cafe</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier - das Restaurant - das Wasser
                        - das Cafe</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wein - Kaffee - Tee
                      </em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Wein - der Kaffee - der
                        Tee</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Milch - Bank</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Milch - die
                      Bank</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Zigarren -
                        Streichhölzer</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Zigarren - die
                        Streichhölzer</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier - Wein - Restaurant - Kaffee -
                        Bank - Tee - Hotel - Streichhölzer - Wasser - Zigarren - Cafe - Milch
                      </em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier - der Wein - das Restaurant -
                        der Kaffee - die Bank - der Tee - das Hotel - die Streichhölzer - das Wasser
                        - die Zigarren - das Cafe - die Milch</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p xml:lang="de-1901"><span class="bold"><strong>Das Hotel</strong></span> ist da
              drüben.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Bier - Wasser -
                        Cafe</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant - das Bier - das Wasser
                        - das Cafe</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Flughafen - Bahnhof - Kaffee - Tee -
                        Wein </em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Flughafen - der Bahnhof - der
                        Kaffee - der Tee - der Wein</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Botschaft - Milch -
                        Bank</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Botschaft - die Milch - die
                        Bank</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer -
                        Zigarren</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer - die
                        Zigarren</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Hotel - Restaurant - Tee - Milch - Bier
                        - Kaffee - Botschaft - Wein - Zigarren - Streichhölzer - Cafe - Bank
                      </em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Hotel - das Restaurant - der Tee -
                        die Milch - das Bier - der Kaffee - die Botschaft - der Wein - die Zigarren
                        - die Streichhölzer - das Café - die Bank</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p xml:lang="de-1901">Das ist <span class="bold"><strong>der
              Flughafen</strong></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bahnhof - Wein - Tee -
                        Kaffee</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Bahnhof - der Wein - der Tee - der
                        Kaffee</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Hotel - Restaurant - Bier -
                        Café</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Hotel - das Restaurant - das Bier -
                        das Café</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bank - Botschaft -
                        Milch</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Bank - die Botschaft - die
                        Milch</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer -
                        Zigarren</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer - die
                        Zigarren</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Botschaft - Flughafen - Hotel - Milch -
                        Restaurant - Bahnhof - Bier - Wein - Tee - Zigarren - Café -
                        Bank</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Botschaft - der Flughafen - das
                        Hotel - die Milch - das Restaurant - der Bahnhof - das Bier - der Wein - der
                        Tee - die Zigarren - das Cafe - die Bank</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p xml:lang="de-1901">Hier ist <span class="bold"><strong>Herr Becker</strong></span>. Hier ist
              <span class="bold"><strong>er</strong></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Flughafen - Bahnhof - Wein - Tee -
                        Kaffee - Herr Keller</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Flughafen.er - der Bahnhof.er - der
                        Wein.er - der Tee.er - der Kaffee.er - Herr
                      Keller.er</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Frau Kunze - Milch - Botschaft - Bank -
                        Frau Schneider</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau Kunze.sie - die Milch.sie - die
                        Botschaft.sie - die Bank.sie - Frau Schneider.sie</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Bier - Wasser - Café -
                        Hotel</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant.es - das Bier.es - das
                        Wasser.es - das Caf£.es - das Hotel.es</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer - Zigarren - Herr und
                        Frau Becker</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer.sie - die
                        Zigarren.sie - Herr und Frau Becker.sie</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier - Milch - Wasser - Wein -
                        Streichhölzer - Bahnhof - Restaurant - Zigarren - Hotel - Herr und Frau
                        Becker - Botschaft - Tee - Cafe - Frau Schneider - Flughafen - Herr Keller -
                        Bank - Kaffee </em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier.es - die Milch.sie - das
                        Wasser.es - der Wein.er - die Streichhölzer.sie - der Bahnhof.er - das
                        Restaurant.es - die Zigarren.sie - das Hotel.es - Herr und Frau Becker. sie
                        - die Botschaft.sie - der Tee.er - das Cafe.es - Frau Schneider.sie - der
                        Flughafen.er - Herr Keller.er - die Bank.sie - der
                      Kaffee.er</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e1686"/>Variation drill</h2></div></div></div><p>This section is made up of several groups of sentences. Each group is headed by a model
        sentence which is underscored. The instructor reads the model sentence out loud, and the
        class repeats after him. The first student then gives the German version of the first
        English variation sentence under the model sentence. The next student takes the second
        sentence, and so on.</p><p>While doing this drill, STUDENTS MUST COVER THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF THE PAGE</p><p>English versions must be read silently, and the German version must be given without
        stopping, with the proper pronunciation, including intonation. If you have to 'translate*
        word by word you need more practice with the basic sentences.</p><p>The instructor must insist on COMPLETE SENTENCES.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe
                      Sie. </em></span></th>

                  <th align="center">I understand you.</th>
                </tr></thead><tbody><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>I understand you well.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>I understand you very well.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>I understand you well, too.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie auch gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>I don't understand you.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie nicht.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>I don't understand you either.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie auch nicht.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie
                        mich? </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">Do you understand me?</th>
                  </tr></thead><tbody><tr>
                    <td>a.</td>

                    <td>Do you understand me well?</td>

                    <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich gut?
                      </em></span></td>
                  </tr><tr>
                    <td>b.</td>

                    <td>Do you understand me well to?</td>

                    <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich auch gut?
                      </em></span></td>
                  </tr><tr>
                    <td>c.</td>

                    <td>Don't you understand me?</td>

                    <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich nicht?
                      </em></span></td>
                  </tr><tr>
                    <td>d.</td>

                    <td>Don't you understand me either?</td>

                    <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich auch nicht?
                      </em></span></td>
                  </tr><tr>
                    <td>e.</td>

                    <td>Don't you understand me well either?</td>

                    <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich auch nicht gut?
                      </em></span></td>
                  </tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der
                      Flughafen?</em></span></th>

                  <th align="center">Where is the airport?</th>
                </tr></thead><tr>
                <td>a.</td>

                <td>There is the airport.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da ist der Flughafen. </em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>b.</td>

                <td>Is that the airport?</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das der Flughafen? </em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>c.</td>

                <td>Yes, that's the airport.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, das ist der Flughafen.
                  </em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>d.</td>

                <td>No, that's not the airport.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist nicht der Flughafen.
                  </em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>e.</td>

                <td>Is the airport over there?</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist der Flughafen da drüben?
                  </em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>f.</td>

                <td>Yes, it's over there.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, er ist da drüben. </em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>g.</td>

                <td>No, it's not over there.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, er ist nicht da drüben.
                  </em></span></td>
              </tr></table></div><p>Repeat the same drill and for airport substitute: hotel - embassy - restaurant -
              station.</p></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind die
                        Streichhölzer? </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">Where are the matches?</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>Where are they?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind sie? </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>There are the matches.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da sind die Streichhölzer.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>There they are.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da sind sie. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>Are the matches over them?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sind die Streichhölzer da drüben?
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>Yes, the matches are over there.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, die Streichhölzer sind da drüben.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>f.</td>

                  <td>They're over there.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind da drüben. </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div><p>Repeat the same drill and for potatoes substitute: cigars - Mr. and Mrs.
              Kunze.</p></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist die
                        Milch? </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">How's the milk?</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>It's good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie ist gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>It's very good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie ist sehr gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>The water is good too.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Wasser ist auch gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>It's very good too.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es ist auch sehr gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist das
                        Bier? </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">How's the beer?</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>It's good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es ist gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>It's very good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es ist sehr gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>The cigars are good too.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren sind auch gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>They're very good too.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind auch sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist der
                        Tee? </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">How's the tea?</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>It's not good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist nicht gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>It's very good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist sehr gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>The milk isn't good either.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Milch ist auch nicht gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>It's not very good either.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie ist auch nicht sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>Yes. They are very good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, sie sind sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie sind die
                        Streichhölzer? </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">How are the matches?</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>They're not good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind nicht gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>They're not very good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind nicht sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>The wine is not good either.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Wein ist auch nicht gut. Er ist auch
                      nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>It's not very good either.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist auch nicht sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet
                        viel. </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">That costs a lot.</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>How much does that cost?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kostet das? </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>Does that cost much?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Kostet das viel? </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>That doesn't cost much.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet nicht viel.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>That doesn't cost much either.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet auch nicht viel.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>That costs three marks.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet drei Mark. </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>f.</td>

                  <td>That costs three marks, too.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet auch drei Mark.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Bier ist
                        out. </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">The beer is good.</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>The wine is not good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Wein ist nicht gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>The coffee is good, too.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Kaffee ist auch gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>The restaurant is very good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Restaurant ist sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>Is the tea good?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist der Tee gut? </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>Ho, the tea isn't very good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, der Tee ist nicht sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>f.</td>

                  <td>Is the café good?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das Café gut? </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die
                        Streichhölzer sind nicht sehr gut.</em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">The matches are not very good.</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>The beer and the wine are good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Bier und der
                      Wein sind gut.</em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>The cigars are good, too.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren sind auch gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>Are the coffee and the tea good?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sind der Kaffee und der Tee gut?
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>Yes. They are very good.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, sie sind sehr gut.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der
                      Flughafen? Er ist dort rechts. </em></span></th>

                  <th align="center">Where is the airport? It's there to the right.</th>
                </tr></thead><tr>
                <td>a.</td>

                <td>Where Is the café? It's there to the left.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist das Café? Es
                    ist dort links.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>b.</td>

                <td>Where Is the restaurant? It's there, too.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist das Restaurant? Es ist auch
                    dort.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>c.</td>

                <td>Where is the bank? It's there straight ahead.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist die Bank? Sie ist dort
                    geradeaus.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>d.</td>

                <td>Where is Mr. Schneider? He is here.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist Herr Schneider? Er ist
                    hier.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>e.</td>

                <td>Where is Mrs. Schneider? She's here, too.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist Frau Schneider? Sie ist auch
                    hier.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>f.</td>

                <td>Where is the station? It's over there, to the right</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist der Bahnhof? Er ist da drüben, rechts.
                  </em></span></td>
              </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist der
                      Kaffee? Er 1st out.</em></span></th>

                  <th align="center">How is the coffee? It is good.</th>
                </tr></thead><tr>
                <td>a.</td>

                <td>How is the milk? It's very good.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist die Milch? Sie
                    ist sehr gut.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>b.</td>

                <td>How is the water? It's good, too.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist das Wasser? Es ist auch
                    gut.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>c.</td>

                <td>How is the hotel? It's not very good.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist das Hotel? Es ist nicht sehr
                    gut.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>d.</td>

                <td>How is the beer? It's very good here.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist das Bier? Es ist hier sehr
                    gut</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>e.</td>

                <td>How is the tea? It's not good.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist der Tee? Er ist nicht
                    gut.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>f.</td>

                <td>How is the wine? It's very good, too.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist der Wein? Er ist auch sehr gut.
                  </em></span></td>
              </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Ich möchte gern
                      Zigaretten haben.</em></span></th>

                  <th align="center">I'd like to have some cigarettes. please.</th>
                </tr></thead><tr>
                <td>a.</td>

                <td>Would you like to have some cigars, too?</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Möchten Sie auch
                    Zigarren haben?</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>b.</td>

                <td>I'd like to have some matches.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte gern Streichhölzer
                    haben.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>c.</td>

                <td>Would you like to have some bread?</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Möchten Sie etwas Brot
                  haben?</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>d.</td>

                <td>I'd like to have some milk.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte gern Milch
                  haben.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>e.</td>

                <td>I'd like to have some sausage and sauerkraut.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Ich möchte gern Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut
                    haben. </em></span></td>
              </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte gerne
                      essen.</em></span></th>

                  <th align="center">I'd like to eat.</th>
                </tr></thead><tr>
                <td>a.</td>

                <td>What would you like to eat?</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Was möchten Sie
                    essen?</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>b.</td>

                <td>I'd like to eat some sausage and sauerkraut.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Ich möchte Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut
                    essen.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>c.</td>

                <td>Would you also like to eat some bread? Yes, I'd like to eat some bread.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Möchten Sie auch Brot essen? Ja, ich möchte
                    gern etwas Brot essen. </em></span></td>
              </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Das ist der
                      Bahnhof.</em></span></th>

                  <th align="center">That's the railroad station.</th>
                </tr></thead><tr>
                <td>a.</td>

                <td>Is that the embassy?</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Ist das die
                    Botschaft?</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>b.</td>

                <td>No, that's not the embassy.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Nein, das ist nicht die
                    Botschaft.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>c.</td>

                <td>That's the hotel. Is that Mr. Kunze?</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Das ist das Hotel. Ist das Herr
                    Kunze?</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>d.</td>

                <td>No, that's not Mr. Kunze.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Nein, das ist nicht Herr
                    Kunze.</em></span></td>
              </tr><tr>
                <td>e.</td>

                <td>That's Mr. Schneider.</td>

                <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Das ist Herr Schneider. </em></span></td>
              </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hier ist das
                        Hotel. </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">Here is the hotel.</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>There's the restaurant.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Dort ist das Restaurant.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>Over there is the airport.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da drüben ist der Flughafen.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>There to the right is the embassy.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Dort rechts ist die Botschaft.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>Here on the left is the station.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hier links ist der Bahnhof.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>Over there, to the right is the cafe.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da drüben, rechts, ist das Cafe.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren
                        kosten fünf Mark. </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">The cigars cost five marks.</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>The beer costs one mark.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Bier kostet eine Mark.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>The wine costs two marks ten.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Wein kostet zwei Mark zehn.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>The matches cost ten pennies.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Streichhölzer kosten zehn Pfennig.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>The coffee costs three marks eight.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Kaffee kostet drei Mark acht.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>The tea costs two marks four.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Tee kostet zwei Mark vier.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>f.</td>

                  <td>The milk costs twelve pennies.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Milch kostet zwölf Pfennig.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>g</td>

                  <td>Bratwurst and sauerkraut costs two marks five.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut kostet zwei Mark
                      fünf. </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><thead><tr>
                    <th align="center" colspan="2"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Drei und vier
                        ist sieben. </em></span></th>

                    <th align="center">Three and four is seven.</th>
                  </tr></thead><tr>
                  <td>a.</td>

                  <td>Five and three is eight.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fünf und drei ist acht.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>b.</td>

                  <td>How much is two and six?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist zwei und sechs?
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>c.</td>

                  <td>Seven and five is twelve.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sieben und fünf ist zwölf.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>d.</td>

                  <td>Three and three is six.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Drei und drei ist sechs.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>e.</td>

                  <td>How much is seven and four?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist sieben und vier?
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>f.</td>

                  <td>Is nine and one eleven?</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist neun und eins elf?
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr><tr>
                  <td>g.</td>

                  <td>No, nine and one is ten.</td>

                  <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, neun und eins ist zehn.
                    </em></span></td>
                </tr></table></div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e2399"/>Translation drill</h2></div></div></div><p>Students cover right-hand side of page and take turns giving the German version of the
        sentences in English column. The instructor must insist that each student give his version
        without hesitation. Go over the drill several times, until each student has had an
        opportunity to give all sentences.</p><p>Unless students can do this drill confidently, they need more preparation.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">1.</td>

          <td align="left">Is that the embassy?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das die
              Botschaft? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">2.</td>

          <td align="left">No, that's not the embassy, that is the
            hotel.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist
              nicht die Botschaft, das ist das Hotel. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">3 .</td>

          <td align="left">The embassy is over there, to the left.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Botschaft
              ist da drüben, links. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">4.</td>

          <td align="left">How is the beer, is it good?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist das
              Bier, ist es gut? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">5.</td>

          <td align="left">No, it's not very good.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, es ist
              nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">6.</td>

          <td align="left">What is that there, the airport?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was ist das
              dort, der Flughafen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">7.</td>

          <td align="left">Yes, that's the airport.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, das ist
              der Flughafen. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">8.</td>

          <td align="left">Is Mr. Becker here?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist Herr
              Becker hier? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">9.</td>

          <td align="left">No, he isn't (here).</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, er ist
              nicht hier. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">10.</td>

          <td align="left">Is the wine good here?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist hier der
              Wein gut? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">11.</td>

          <td align="left">Yes, it is (good here).</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, er ist gut
              hier. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">12.</td>

          <td align="left">Where is Miss Schneider?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist
              Fräulein Schneider? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">13.</td>

          <td align="left">Isn't she here?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist sie nicht
              hier? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">14.</td>

          <td align="left">No, she isn't (here).</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, sie ist
              nicht hier. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">15.</td>

          <td align="left">How much does sausage and sauerkraut cost?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel
              kostet Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr>
          <td align="left">16.</td>

          <td align="left">It doesn't cost much.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es kostet
              nicht viel. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">17.</td>

          <td align="left">Where are the cigars?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind die
              Zigarren? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">18.</td>

          <td align="left">Aren't they here?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sind sie nicht
              hier? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">19.</td>

          <td align="left">No, they aren't (here).</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, sie sind
              nicht hier. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">20.</td>

          <td align="left">They cost four marks.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie kosten
              vier Mark. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">21.</td>

          <td align="left">Do you understand me?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie
              mich? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">22.</td>

          <td align="left">What did you say?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie bitte?
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">23.</td>

          <td align="left">Yes, I understand you very well.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich
              verstehe Sie sehr gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">24.</td>

          <td align="left">Would you like to eat?</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie
              gern essen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">25</td>

          <td align="left">Yes, I would.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, gerne.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e2532"/>Response drill</h2></div></div></div><p>Students are to prepare this drill at home. The questions are generally directed toward
        the situation or situations presented in the Basic Sentences. The answers suggested are
        obviously not the only possible answers to these questions, and the student should feel free
        to vary them or to replace them by his own formulations ad libitum, within the limitations
        of structure and vocabulary covered.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="45%"/><col width="45%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">1.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist Herr
              Becker? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist dort
              drüben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">2.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das Frau
              Kunze? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist
              nicht Frau Kunze. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">3.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind Herr
              und Frau Schneider? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr und Frau
              Schneider sind hier. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">4.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie geht es
              Ihnen? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke gut. Und
              Ihnen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">5.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie
              mich? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich
              verstehe Sie gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">6.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie
              mich auch gut? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, ich
              verstehe Sie nicht. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">7.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der
              Bahnhof? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Bahnhof
              ist dort rechts. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">8.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das der
              Bahnhof? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist
              nicht der Bahnhof. Er ist dort, geradeaus. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">9.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der
              Flughafen? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist dort
              drüben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">10.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das Hotel
              dort links? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, es ist
              dort rechts. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">11.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Restaurant
              ist dort drüben, nicht wahr? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, es ist
              dort drüben, geradeaus. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">12.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was ist das
              dort? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist die
              Botschaft. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">13.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist hier
              die Bank? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Bank ist
              hier links. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">14.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> 1st das die
              Botschaft da drüben? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, das ist
              die Botschaft. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">15.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist das
              Cafe? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Cafe ist
              sehr gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">16.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das
              Restaurant auch gut? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das
              Restaurant ist nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">17.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie sagt man
              "good bye" auf deutsch? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Man sagt "Auf
              Wiedersehen". </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">18.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie sagt man
              "thank you" auf deutsch? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Man sagt
              "Danke schön". </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">19.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was möchten
              Sie haben? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte
              zehn Zigaretten haben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">20.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie
              auch Zigarren haben? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich möchte
              auch Zigarren haben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">21.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viele
              möchten Sie haben? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Vier, bitte.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">22.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie
              auch Streichhölzer haben? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich möchte
              auch Streichhölzer haben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">23.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel
              kosten die Zigarren? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren
              kosten eine Mark. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">24.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Kostet das
              Bier eine Mark? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, es
              kostet eine Mark zehn. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">25.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel
              kostet der Wein? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er kostet
              sechs Mark fünf. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">26.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel
              kosten der Kaffee und der Tee? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Kaffee und
              der Tee kosten fünf Mark zwölf. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">27.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie
              gern etwas essen? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich möchte
              gern etwas essen. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">28.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was möchten
              Sie essen? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte
              Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut essen. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">29.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie
              auch Brot essen? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich möchte
              auch etwas Brot essen. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">30.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist hier
              das Bier? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Bier ist
              hier sehr gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">31.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist der Wein
              auch gut? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, der Wein
              ist auch sehr gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">32.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist der
              Kaffee? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Kaffee ist
              nicht gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">33.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist der Tee
              auch nicht gut? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, er ist
              auch nicht gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">34.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist die Milch
              gut? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ja, die Milch
              ist sehr gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">35.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist
              zwei und zwei? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zwei und zwei
              ist vier. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">36.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist drei und
              vier acht? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, drei und
              vier ist sieben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">37.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist
              fünf und vier? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fünf und vier
              ist neun. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">38.</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist sechs und
              fünf zwölf? </em></span></td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, sechs
              und fünf ist nicht zwölf. Sechs und fünf ist elf. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e2767"/>Conversation practice</h2></div></div></div><p>Students keep books closed. Preparation before class is recommended.</p><p>The instructor reads one conversational bout three or four times, out loud, at normal
        speed. Class listens and students memorize.</p><p>The instructor and one student now 'play back' the conversation. Repeat each bout until
        each student has taken each part once. Then proceed to the next bout.</p><p>Keep the ball rolling. If students are hesitant, abandon this drill for the day.
        Students will prepare themselves at home for the next repetition of the drill.</p><p>The instructor will POSTPONE CORRECTING OF MISTAKES during a bout until after it is
        concluded so as not to discourage the student. After the bout, the instructor simply says
        the mistaken or mispronounced item to the student and has him repeat it after him.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="90%"/><tr>
          <td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong>1</strong></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">A:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist die
              Botschaft hier in Bonn? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">B:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Botschaft
              ist dort, geradeaus. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">A:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie bitte?
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">B:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie ist dort,
              geradeaus. Verstehen Sie mich? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">A:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, danke. Und
              wo ist der Flughafen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">B:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Flughafen
              ist da links. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">A:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke schön.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="90%"/><tr>
          <td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong>2</strong></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">S:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag,
              Herr Becker. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">K:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag,
              Herr Kunze. Wie geht es Ihnen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">S:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke, gut.
              Und Ihnen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">K:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Auch gut,
              danke. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">S:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist das
              Bier hier? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">K:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es ist sehr
              gut und der Wein ist auch gut. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">S:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel
              kostet das Bier? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">K:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es kostet
              eine Mark zehn. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">S:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie
              auch etwas essen? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">K:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein,
              danke. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="90%"/><tr>
          <td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong> 3
            </strong></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">C:</td>

          <td align="justify"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten
              Morgen. Ich möchte gern zehn Zigarren haben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">D:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bitte. Möchten
              Sie auch Zigaretten haben? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">C:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, danke.
              Aber ich möchte Streichhölzer haben. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">D:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hier bitte.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">C:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel
              kosten die Zigarren? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">D:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie kästen
              fünf Mark sieben. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"/><col width="90%"/><tr>
          <td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong> 4
            </strong></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">E:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verzeihung, wo
              ist das Restaurant? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">F:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Restaurant
              ist dort, rechts. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">E:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das der
              Flughafen dort drüben? </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">F:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist
              nicht der Flughafen, das ist der Bahnhof. Der Flughafen ist dort, links.
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">E:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie bitte? Ich
              verstehe Sie nicht. Sprechen Sie bitte langsam. </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">F:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist nicht
              der Flughafen, das ist der Bahnhof. Der Flughafen ist dort, links. Verstehen Sie mich?
            </em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">E:</td>

          <td align="left"><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich
              verstehe Sie. Auf Wiedersehen. </em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e2918"/>Situations</h2></div></div></div><p>You are now ready for free conversation. Act out the following situations, Which are
        slight variations on the basic sentences, as freely and fluently as you can, making use of
        all the patterns you have learned.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong> Finding the Way</strong></span></p><p>An American has just arrived in Germany and doesn't understand too well yet. He asks a
        German on the street where the hotel is. The German tells him it's over there to the left.
        The American doesn't understand him and asks him to say it again please.</p><p>He still does not understand and asks the German to speak slowly. The latter repeats
        much slower and asks the American if he understands. The American says he does, thanks him
        and says good-bye.</p><p>Go through this conversation again with the American asking for the embassy, café,
        airport, etc., and the German giving different directions: straight ahead, over there, to
        the right, etc.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong> Question Practice</strong></span></p><p>Each student asks the next student a question in addition (numbers one to twelve). He
        answers it and asks the next student, etc.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>At the Cigar Store </strong></span></p><p>Mr. Becker is the proprietor of a cigar store. Mr. Schneider stops in for some
        cigarettes. They exchange greetings, and Mr. Becker asks what Mr. Schneider would like.
        After getting him the cigarettes he asks if Mr. Schneider would like some cigars, too. He
        says no thanks, but he would like some matches. Figuring up his own bill he says that costs
        one mark ten, doesn't it, but Mr. Becker says no, it costs two marks. Mr. Schneider gives
        him the money, and they say good-bye to each other.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>At the Restaurant </strong></span></p><p>Miss Schneider is the waitress in a restaurant. Mr. Kunze greets her as he comes in and
        asks how she is. She returns his greeting and asks if he is well, too. He says yes, thanks,
        and asks if they have sausage and sauerkraut, and how the beer and the wine are, etc.
        Finally he says he'd like to have sausage and sauerkraut, beer and some bread. After the
        meal he pays her - it costs three marks - and says good-bye.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e2935"/>Finder list</h2></div></div></div><p>FINDER LIST</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"/><col width="50%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Abend </em></span></td>

          <td>evening</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> aber </em></span></td>

          <td>but</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> acht </em></span></td>

          <td>eight</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch </em></span></td>

          <td>also, too</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch nicht </em></span></td>

          <td>not ... either</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auf deutsch </em></span></td>

          <td>in German</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Auf Wiedersehen'. </em></span></td>

          <td>good-bye</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Bahnhof </em></span></td>

          <td>station</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Bank </em></span></td>

          <td>bank</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Bier </em></span></td>

          <td>beer</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte </em></span></td>

          <td>please</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte schön </em></span></td>

          <td>here you are</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Botschaft </em></span></td>

          <td>embassy</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut </em></span></td>

          <td>sausage and sauerkraut</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Brot </em></span></td>

          <td>bread</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Café</em></span></td>

          <td>cafe</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> da </em></span></td>

          <td>there</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke </em></span></td>

          <td>thanks</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke schön </em></span></td>

          <td>many thanks</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das </em></span></td>

          <td>that</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> dort </em></span></td>

          <td>there</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> drei </em></span></td>

          <td>three</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> drüben </em></span></td>

          <td>over there</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> eins </em></span></td>

          <td>one</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> elf </em></span></td>

          <td>eleven</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> er </em></span></td>

          <td>he, it</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> es </em></span></td>

          <td>it</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> essen </em></span></td>

          <td>eat</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> etwas Brot </em></span></td>

          <td>some bread</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Flughafen </em></span></td>

          <td>airport</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau </em></span></td>

          <td>Mrs.</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau Kunze </em></span></td>

          <td>Mrs. Kunze</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fräulein </em></span></td>

          <td>Miss</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fräulein Schneider </em></span></td>

          <td>Miss Schneider</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> fünf </em></span></td>

          <td>five</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geht </em></span></td>

          <td>goes</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geradeaus </em></span></td>

          <td>straight ahead</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gern(e) </em></span></td>

          <td>with pleasure</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gut </em></span></td>

          <td>good, well</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> guten Abend </em></span></td>

          <td>good evening</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> guten Morgen </em></span></td>

          <td>good morning</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> guten Tag </em></span></td>

          <td>hello (good by)</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> haben </em></span></td>

          <td>have</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr </em></span></td>

          <td>Mr.</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr Becker </em></span></td>

          <td>Mr. Becker</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> hier </em></span></td>

          <td>here</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Hotel </em></span></td>

          <td>hotel</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich </em></span></td>

          <td>I</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ihnen </em></span></td>

          <td>to you, with you</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ist </em></span></td>

          <td>is</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja </em></span></td>

          <td>yes</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Kaffee </em></span></td>

          <td>coffee</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kosten </em></span></td>

          <td>cost</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kostet </em></span></td>

          <td>costs</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> langsam </em></span></td>

          <td>slow, slowly</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> links </em></span></td>

          <td>left, to the left</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> man </em></span></td>

          <td>one, you</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Mark </em></span></td>

          <td>Mark, Marks</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> eine Mark </em></span></td>

          <td>one Mark</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zwei Mark </em></span></td>

          <td>two Marks</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> mich </em></span></td>

          <td>me (accusative)</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Milch </em></span></td>

          <td>milk</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchten </em></span></td>

          <td>would like</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchten Sie </em></span></td>

          <td>would you like</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich möchte </em></span></td>

          <td>I would like</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich möchte gern </em></span></td>

          <td>I'd like very much</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Morgen </em></span></td>

          <td>morning</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nein </em></span></td>

          <td>no</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> neun </em></span></td>

          <td>nine</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nicht </em></span></td>

          <td>not</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nicht wahr? </em></span></td>

          <td>isn1t it (not true)?</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nochmal </em></span></td>

          <td>again</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> null </em></span></td>

          <td>zero</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Pfennig </em></span></td>

          <td>penny, pennies</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> rechts </em></span></td>

          <td>to the right</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Restaurant </em></span></td>

          <td>restaurant</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sagt </em></span></td>

          <td>says</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sagt man </em></span></td>

          <td>does one say</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sechs </em></span></td>

          <td>six</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sehr </em></span></td>

          <td>very</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sie </em></span></td>

          <td>she, it</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie </em></span></td>

          <td>you</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sieben </em></span></td>

          <td>seven</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sind </em></span></td>

          <td>are</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sprechen </em></span></td>

          <td>speak</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Streichhölzer </em></span></td>

          <td>matches</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tag </em></span></td>

          <td>day</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Tee </em></span></td>

          <td>tea</td>
        </tr><tr>
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> und </em></span></td>

          <td>and</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> verstehen </em></span></td>

          <td>understand</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> verstehen Sie </em></span></td>

          <td>do you understand</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich verstehe </em></span></td>

          <td>I understand</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verzeihung </em></span></td>

          <td>excuse me</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> vier </em></span></td>

          <td>four</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> was </em></span></td>

          <td>What</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Wasser </em></span></td>

          <td>water</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Wein </em></span></td>

          <td>wine</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie </em></span></td>

          <td>how</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie bitte? </em></span></td>

          <td>I beg your pardon. What did you say?</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie viel </em></span></td>

          <td>now much</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie viele </em></span></td>

          <td>how many</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wo </em></span></td>

          <td>Where</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zehn </em></span></td>

          <td>ten</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zigaretten </em></span></td>

          <td>cigarettes</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Zigarren </em></span></td>

          <td>cigars</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zwei </em></span></td>

          <td>two</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zwölf </em></span></td>

          <td>twelve</td>
        </tr></table></div></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d5e3369"/>Chapter 2. </h1></div></div></div><p/></div></div></body></html>