FSI-Russian/FSI-chap1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<chapter version="5.0" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
  xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
  xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <title>Lesson 1</title>
  <section>
    <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Русский алфавит</foreignphrase></title>
    <table colsep="0" frame="none" rowsep="0">
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Русский алфавит</foreignphrase></title>
      <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">А а</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Р р</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б б</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">С с</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В в</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Т т</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Г г</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">У у</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Д д</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ф ф</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Е е</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Х х</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ё ё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц ц</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж ж</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ч ч</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">З з</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш ш</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щ щ</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И й</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">К к</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Л л</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">М м</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Э э</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Н н</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю ю</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">О о</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я я</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">П п</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </table>
  </section>
  <?custom-pagebreak?>
  <section>
    <title>The Russian alphabet</title>
    <para>The Russian alphabet "Cyrillic" is named in honor of St. Cyril, a Greek missionary who
      brought the written word to the Slavs in the 9th century. This alphabet, as it exists today,
      consists of 33 letters/symbols: 10 vowel symbols, 20 consonants, 1 semi-vowel and 2 symbols
      with no sound value.</para>
    <para>The following is a presentation of the Cyrillic alphabet "<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
        >Кириллица</foreignphrase>". It consists of letters/symbols which:</para>
    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>resemble Latin letters and represent approximately the same sounds.</para>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-1-1.png" width="4cm"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-1-2.png" width="4cm"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-2.png" width="4cm"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МАМА</foreignphrase>
                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мама</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОМЕТА</foreignphrase>
                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комета</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОТ</foreignphrase>
                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кот</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Какао</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мокко</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Том</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мекка</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>resemble Latin letters, but represent different sounds:</para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Р р</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents a trilled or "flapped" r. (Compare it to the double t sound in
                  "letter" or the double d sound in "ladder".)</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">У у</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound oo.</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">С с</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound s.</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В в</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound v.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3" colsep="0">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-1.png" width="4cm"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-2.png" width="4cm"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-3.png" width="4cm"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КАССА</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МЕТРО</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТРАКТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-4.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-5.png" width="7cm"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КАКТУС</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МОСКВА</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">метр</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">курс</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>масса</entry>
                <entry>квота</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мотор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">текст</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">торт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">маска</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">квас</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арка</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аорта</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">карта</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">автор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">космос</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аромат</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сорт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">самовар</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">автомат</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Н н</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound n.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0012-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0012-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">НОТА</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТАНК</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сенатор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нерв</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нос</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ветеран</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">манера</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">момент</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">норма</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">номер</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ванна</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нато</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>look different from Latin letters altogether.</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound ее.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0013-1-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0013-1-1-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">киоск</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рис</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">риск</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">министр</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">система</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">три</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рим</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минимум</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">квартира</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">виски</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">артист</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">артистка</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инструмент</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минута</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нина</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минск</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">интерес</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">математика</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Л л</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound I.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0014-1.png" valign="middle"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/FSI-0014-2.png" width="6cm"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">СТУЛ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЛИМОН</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">климат</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литр</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">луна</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мали</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">миллион</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лирика</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">металл</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">план</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">реклама</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лексика</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литература</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лист</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минерал</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туалет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">молекула</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">молоко</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <?custom-pagebreak?>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Д д</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound d.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-3.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РАДИО</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ДОКТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ДОМ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мода</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диван</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">драма</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кандидат</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">директор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диск</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лондон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">документ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дата</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">канада</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">демократ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диктант</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">метод</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дракон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">код</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound b.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry valign="middle"><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0016-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0016-1-2.png" scale="30" valign="middle"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БАНАН</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БИЛЕТ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">банк</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бостон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бокс</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">букет</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бланк</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бар</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бас</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балет</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">блин</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">брат</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">борис</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">барон</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">П п</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound p.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-3.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЛАМПА</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПАСПОРТ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПОРТРЕТ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пресса</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">план</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патриот</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парламент</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">темп</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стоп</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">протест</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пианист</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">проект</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стоп</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депутат</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">транспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">опера</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пакет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">плакат</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">практика</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">импорт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диплом</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">спорт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парад</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">публика</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">политика</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents a vowel sound which does not exist in English. This letter will
                  never begin a word and is often used to form the plural of nouns.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0018-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РЫБА</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мыло</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кассы</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">курсы</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">планы</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туристы</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лампы</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атомы</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рыба</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">блины</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сын</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студенты</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">плакаты</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Г г</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound g.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТИГР</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ГИТАРА</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-3.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-4.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОНГРЕСС</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПЕНТАГОН</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">волга</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грамм</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">орган</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">винегрет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гранит</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магнит</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гамма</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гол</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аргумент</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроном</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агрессор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">генерал</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">группа</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сигнал</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">прогресс</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грот</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грамматика</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">килограмм</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">З з</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound z.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-3.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ГАЗЕТА</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РОЗА</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЗЕБРА</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магазин</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">база</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зенит</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зона</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">президент</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ваза</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоолог</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">виза</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патриотизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">визит</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">муза</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музыка</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ф ф</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound f.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-2-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-2-1-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КАФЕ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МИКРОФОН</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТЕЛЕФОН</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">миф</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фонд</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фрукты</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">финал</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кофе</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фосфор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фонтан</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фирма</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фронт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фен</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">финансы</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">африка</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фото</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">флаг</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профессор</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ферма</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">физика</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">факт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">феномен</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">форма</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фраза</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фигура</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футбол</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж ж</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the zh sound, similar to the V in measure.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0022-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0022-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЖИРАФ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЖУРНАЛ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жена</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жаргон</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">желе</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жест</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пирожок</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жакет</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журналист</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жанр</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>is a semi-vowel which represents the sound of "y" as in York.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0023-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0023-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПЛАНЕТАРИИ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МУЗЕИ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йог</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мавзолей</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йод</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">герой</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йота</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">перестройка</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">трамвай</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бойкот</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">X х</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound of the j in the English pronunciation of junta. The best
                  way to make this sound is to get your tongue in the position for the к sound, and
                  then simply exhale.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry align="center"><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0024-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ХОККЕЙ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хроника</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">химик</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хулиган</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хаки</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">храм</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хаос</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">характер</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сахаров</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хунта</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">техник</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хамелеон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">механик</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ч ч</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound of "ch", as in cheese.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0025-1-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0025-1-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЧЕК</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЧЕМПИОН</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чай</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сочи</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чайковский</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">матч</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чикаго</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ростропович</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дача</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чехов</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">иванович</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц ц</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the sound of the "ts" combination as in the word bets.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0026-1-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0026-1-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЦИРК</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПИЦЦА</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">медицина</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цемент</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цитата</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">солженицын</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">концерт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">процесс</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дисциплина</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">принцип</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цензура</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">специалист</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">центр</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цент</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цилиндр</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цинк</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цикл</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш ш</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>represents the "six" sound similar to that of the "s" in sugar.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0027-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ШОКОЛА́Д</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штат</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шрифт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">машина</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шарф</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шеф</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штамп</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">каша</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шуба</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">марш</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шимпанзе</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">финиш</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">школа</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щ щ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>looks like the letter above, except for its little tail. It represents a
                  sound similar to the combination shch, as in fresh cheese or the sti combination
                  in the word question.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щелкунчик</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щека</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">борщ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щенок</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щи</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щит</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Э э</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>is a vowel which represents the sound of "e" as in bet. This letter often
                  begins words in Russian and is only rarely found within a word.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0028-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0028-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЭСКАЛАТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЭЛЕКТРОН</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эра</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспресс</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эксперимент</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поэт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэрофлот</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">этика</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">элита</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экзамен</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">энтузиазм</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгоист</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эхо</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">электрик</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экватор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экономист</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я я</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Я at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
              pronounced ya.</para>
            <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
            <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                        <imageobject>
                          <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0029-1.png"/>
                        </imageobject>
                      </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry>ЯХТА</entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
            <informaltable pgwide="1">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">як</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яд</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ярд</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яма</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ялта</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">янки</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яков</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ярус</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ярмарка</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <para>In a vowel cluster:</para>
            <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                        <imageobject>
                          <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0030-1.png"/>
                        </imageobject>
                      </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БАТАРЕЯ</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
            <informaltable pgwide="1">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мария</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">операция</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry>лаборатория</entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">партия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комедия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коллекция</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">линия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">теория</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">территория</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">армия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">религия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">позиция</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">копия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экскурсия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспедиция</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">категория</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комиссия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">полиция</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профессия</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галерея</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">миссия</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It
              is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the
              mouth. Я then represents the vowel a.</para>
            <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                        <imageobject>
                          <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0031-1.png"/>
                        </imageobject>
                      </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ВАНЯ</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
            <informaltable pgwide="1">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">няня</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">таня</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">боря</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ляля</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коля</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">баня</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дядя</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галя</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю ю</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Ю at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
              pronounced yoo.</para>
            <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
            <informaltable pgwide="1">
              <tgroup cols="3">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юг</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юрта</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юрий</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юмор</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юрист</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ювелир</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юноша</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юбилей</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юстиция</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <para>In a vowel cluster:</para>
            <informaltable pgwide="1">
              <tgroup cols="1">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">каюта</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">союз</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It
              is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the
              mouth. Ю then represents the vowel y.</para>
            <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                        <imageobject>
                          <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0033-1.png"/>
                        </imageobject>
                      </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РЮКЗАК</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
            <informaltable pgwide="1">
              <tgroup cols="3">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нюанс</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюджет</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пюре</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюро</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюрократ</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дюна</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меню</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">утюг</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">люкс</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюст</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сюжет</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">костюм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Е е</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>a vowel, like Я and Ю also has two pronunciations. In printed texts other
                  than textbooks the two dots are not indicated. You must be told when to pronounce
                  ё (which is always stressed) and when to pronounce e.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>E at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
              pronounced yo.</para>
            <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
            <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                        <imageobject>
                          <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0034-1.png"/>
                        </imageobject>
                      </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЁЛКА</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ёж</foreignphrase></para>
            <para>in a vowel cluster:</para>
            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">моё</foreignphrase></para>
            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">твоё</foreignphrase></para>
            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">её</foreignphrase></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>After a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It is
              pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth.
              Ё then represents the vowel o.</para>
            <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
              <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                        <imageobject>
                          <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0035-1.png"/>
                        </imageobject>
                      </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ШОФЕР</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <informaltable pgwide="1">
              <tgroup cols="2">
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тётя</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">манёвр</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">берёза</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зелёный</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сестры</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лёд</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">свёкла</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мёд</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сёмга</foreignphrase></entry>
                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">счёт</foreignphrase></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>The symbol <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase> has no sound value.
                  It indicates that the preceding consonant is palatalized. It is most often found
                  at the end of Russian words and signals that these words are pronounced with the
                  final consonant palatalized ("softened"). For this reason it is referred to as the
                  "soft sign".</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0036-1.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
                <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                    <imageobject>
                      <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0036-2.png"/>
                    </imageobject>
                  </inlinemediaobject></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МЕДАЛЬ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">АВТОМОБИЛЬ</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мать</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">декабрь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">апрель</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">соль</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">князь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">портфель</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ночь</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">отель</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">календарь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дробь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">царь</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ноль</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">секретарь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">модель</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фильм</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сеть</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пять</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бульвар</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кремль</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry>The symbol ъ also has no sound value. It is found within words and is used to
                  separate the prefix from the root of the word when the prefix ends in a consonant
                  and the root of the word begins with one of the following vowels: <foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="ru">Я, Ю, E, E</foreignphrase>.</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объезд</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">подъём</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">подъезд</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объект</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">съезд</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">въезд</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">субъект</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объём</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry/>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №1.</title>
      <para>Read through the following list of places you might want to visit.</para>
      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">касса</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">школа</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цирк</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магазин</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кремль</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мавзолей</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ферма</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоопарк</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">банк</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музей</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галерея</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">планетарий</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бар</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">храм</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">выставка</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ялта</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Россия</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">консерватория</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №2.</title>
      <para>Draw a line between the words which are logically related to each other.</para>
      <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футбол</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">толстой</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меню</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоопарк</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фильм</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>"<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Анна Каренина</foreignphrase>"</entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">медицина</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бензин</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жираф</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газета</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оркестр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ферма</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">касса</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">концерт</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гастроном</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стюардесса</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэрофлот</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">билет</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">доктор</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кофе</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студент</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">правда</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">трактор</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магазин</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №3.</title>
      <para>Unscramble the following words. Use the answers below for help.</para>
      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="5cm"/>
          <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="*"/>
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юмне</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нмдиоа</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">aсack</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">еофк</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">толфэаро</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тбуеф</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">иреениусвтт</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">amoвck</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ягаелре</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рсотппа</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ральбву</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry/>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>Answers:</para>
      <para><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">касса</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru">Москва</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >паспорт</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кофе</db:foreignphrase>,
          <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</db:foreignphrase>,<db:foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru"> галерея</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >меню</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</db:foreignphrase>,
          <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Динамо</db:foreignphrase>,<db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">
          аэрофлот</db:foreignphrase>,<db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">
        бульвар</db:foreignphrase>.</para>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №4.</title>
      <para>Make as many Russian words as you can using each letter only once. Start each word with
        one of the capitalized letters.</para>
      <para><emphasis role="bold">К</emphasis>ефютро<emphasis role="bold">Ф</emphasis>обфо<emphasis
          role="bold">Б</emphasis>о<emphasis role="bold">С</emphasis>зло<emphasis role="bold"
          >Ф</emphasis>оуют</para>
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>Ф<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>К<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Ф<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Б<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>С<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №5.</title>
      <para>This is a listening comprehension exercise. Number the words according to the sequence
        in which your teacher will read them aloud.</para>
      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музей</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гастроном</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">армия</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газета</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гитара</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журнал</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дядя</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штат</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
              <entry/>
              <entry/>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
  </section>
  <?custom-pagebreak?>
  <section>
    <title>Russian phonetics</title>
    <para>In order to speak Russian well, you must become fully acquainted with the phonetics of the
      language. The task is both a simple and a difficult one as you have already seen, now that you
      know the alphabet well. In this lesson we will work on the basics of Russian pronunciation;
      specifically on the distinctions between "soft" {palatalized) consonants and "hard" ones {non-
      palatalized); how these differences are indicated in the orthography (writing system) and how
      they are manifested in the actual pronunciation of words.</para>
    <formalpara>
      <title>"Hard" and "soft" consonants</title>
      <para>When we say that Russian has 20 consonants, we are referring only to the 20 consonant
        symbols in the alphabet. In reality, Russian has nearly twice that number of consonant
        sounds due to something called "palatalization", or "softening". All this means is that
        certain consonants can be slightly modified by arching your tongue and moving it forward,
        towards the hard palate area (that ridge on the roof of your mouth where your upper teeth
        fit in) while making the consonant sound. The effect is to make the sound "softer" and, in
        terms of pitch, slightly higher. The best mechanism for a good, palatalized consonant sound
        is to SMILE while pronouncing. Try it ~ it really works! Now you know how to make the sound.
        But how will you know when! Consonants which can be palatalized (all of them EXCEPT
          <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ж</foreignphrase></emphasis>, <emphasis
          role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ш</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis
          role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ц</foreignphrase></emphasis>) will be pronounced
        palatalized when you see them followed by:</para>
    </formalpara>
    <para>- the "soft sign"<emphasis role="bold">
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></emphasis> (usually at the end of a
      word)</para>
    <para>OR:</para>
    <para>-one of these vowel symbols:<emphasis role="bold">
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >е</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ё</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru">ю</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">и</foreignphrase></emphasis>
      (called "indicator" vowels)</para>
    <para>The function of these vowel symbols is to indicate that the preceding consonant is
      pronounced in its "soft" variant. The consonant is then followed by the vowel sound: <emphasis
        role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >э</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">о</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru">у</foreignphrase></emphasis> or<emphasis role="bold">
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></emphasis>.</para>
    <para>When any of the consonants listed above has no "soft sign" following it, or is followed by
      one of these vowel symbols:<emphasis role="bold">
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >э</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">о</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru">у</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
      >ы</foreignphrase></emphasis>, that consonant will be pronounced in its "hard" variant (no
      smiling allowed!).</para>
    <para><emphasis role="bold">KEEP IN MIND</emphasis>: <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru">Ч</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru">Щ</foreignphrase></emphasis> are always SOFT, no matter which vowel symbol
      follows them.<emphasis role="bold">
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж</foreignphrase></emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold"
          ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold"
          ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц</foreignphrase></emphasis> are always HARD, even if they
      are followed by a "soft sign" or one of the "indicator" vowel symbols.</para>
  </section>
  <?custom-pagebreak?>
  <section>
    <title>Practice in Russian phonetics</title>
    <para>Listen carefully as your instructor reads the following pairs aloud. Try to detect the
      (subtle) difference between the "hard" consonant sound (the first in the pair) and the "soft"
      consonant sound. Notice also the differences in the orthography.</para>
    <informaltable pgwide="1">
      <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">6a</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >бя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >бе</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >бё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >бю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >би</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">па</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >пя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >пе</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">по</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >пё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >пю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >пи</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ва</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >вя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ве</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">во</foreignphrase> — <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >вё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ву</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >вю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ви</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фа</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >фя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >фе</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >фё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >фю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фы</foreignphrase> — <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >фи</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">да</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >дя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >де</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">до</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >дё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ду</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >дю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ды</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ди</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">та</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >тя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >те</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">то</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >те</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ту</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >тю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ти</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">за</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >зя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >зе</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >зё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >зю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >зи</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">са</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ся</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >се</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">со</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >сё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">су</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >сю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >си</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ла</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ля</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ле</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ло</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >лё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >лю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ли</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >мя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ме</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >мё</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">му</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >мю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ми</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ня</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >не</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">но</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >не</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ну</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ню</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ны</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >ни</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
    <para>Listen carefully as your instructor reads the following words aloud. Pay close attention
      to the differences between the "soft" consonants (look for the vowels <foreignphrase
        xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">е</foreignphrase>,
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ё</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
        >ю</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">и</foreignphrase> or the "soft sign"
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase>) and the "hard" ones.</para>
    <informaltable pgwide="1">
      <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">масса</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >мясо</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">папа</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >пять</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аша</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >няня</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мыло</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >Мила</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">был</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >бил</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мама</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >мята</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">виски</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >выставка</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сын</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >синий</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дата</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >дядя</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пыль</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >пил</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лук</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >люк</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Волга</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >Ольга</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рысь</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >рис</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пар</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >царь</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стол</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >столько</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">брат</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >брать</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нос</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >нёс</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дон</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >день</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >Федя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мэр</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >мера</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >тигр</foreignphrase></entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
  </section>
  <?custom-pagebreak?>
  <section>
    <title>Spelling and pronunciation</title>
    <para>In an ideal world, words will be pronounced just as they are written. However, since we do
      not live in an ideal world, we see that the pronunciation of certain words does not always
      correspond to their written representation. This is true not only in Russian, but in numerous
      other languages as well, including English. For example: the о in women is pronounced as i;
      the initial w is not pronounced in write, and the t in action is pronounced as sh.</para>
    <para>Russian has a specific set of rules which govern those instances where spelling and
      pronunciation differ, and if you can master these rules, you will be well on your way to
      acquiring good pronunciation skills in Russian.</para>
    <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
      <tgroup cols="2">
        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
        <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>REMEMBER:</entry>
            <entry>
              <orderedlist>
                <listitem>
                  <para>Vowels carry stress and in Russian the stress can fall on any syllable in a
                    word.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>Russian words have only one stress.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>Stress is not part of Russian orthography. However, many teaching materials
                    mark stress as an aid in learning.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>The way a vowel is pronounced depends on whether it is stressed or not. This
                    is a very important rule and we'll discuss it in a little more detail in the
                    next section.</para>
                </listitem>
              </orderedlist>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Rule 1: the vowels o and a</title>
    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>In Russian, the vowels о and a are pronounced as о and a only when they are stressed.
          Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
          instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
          exercise on the tape for this lesson.</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">торт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лимон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патриот</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюро</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сорт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">норма</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жаргон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Волга</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зона</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">метро</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">киоск</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кофе</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">номер</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>In Russian, the vowels о and a are pronounced as о and a only when they are stressed.
          Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
          instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
          exercise on the tape for this lesson. Now listen and repeat:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">концерт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">канал</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аванс</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поэт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комета</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канада</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">абсурд</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">роман</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газета</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пентагон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аорта</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хоккей</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оркестр</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">протест</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туалет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэропорт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">океан</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Толстой</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">банан</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроном</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">омега</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>In all other unstressed syllables both vowels <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >о</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase> are pronounced
          like the short, indistinct "a" in tuna. Look at the following words and note the syllable
          which is stressed. Now listen and repeat:</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">паспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">маска</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">трактор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гамма</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атом</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дача</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">доктор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">самовар</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фото</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Динамо</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лондон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">молоко</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хроника</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">каша</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">климат</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">машина</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Rule 2: The vowels <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">е</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
        xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase></title>
    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>In Russian the vowels e and я are given full pronunciation only when they are
          stressed. Listen as your instructor reads the following words then repeat after him/her.
          You'll also find this exercise on the tape for this lesson.</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комета</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">директор</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пять</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яхта</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тема</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">билет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">портфель</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яблоко</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">семья</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">текст</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чехов</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ферма</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ребята</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ялта</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>When unstressed these vowels are pronounced as a short i. Listen as your instructor
          reads the following words then repeat after him/her. You'll also find this exercise on the
          tape for this lesson.</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">телефон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">декабрь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">берёза</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">язык</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">винегрет</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">планетарий</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">японец</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">январь</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">номер</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">календарь</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галерея</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">японка</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яйцо</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>
  <?custom-pagebreak?>
  <section>
    <title>Reading exercises</title>
    <para>Read the following words:</para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>А</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кентукки</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гавайи</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Джорджия</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Невада</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Луизиана</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Делавэр</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннесота</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Арканзас</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Иллинойс</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вирджиния</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссури</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вайоминг</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пенсильвания</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэриленд</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Алабама</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Калифорния</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Небраска</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Теннесси</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Гемпшир</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Монтана</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Висконсин</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Мексико</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йорк</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Колорадо</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссиссипи</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Индиана</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Флорида</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Коннектикут</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аризона</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мичиган</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингтон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Род-Айленд</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аляска</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Каролина</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Массачусетс</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Южная Дакота</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Южная Каролина</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Техас</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Дакота</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Западная Вирджиния</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оклахома</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Огайо</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вермонт</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айдахо</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэн</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Джерси</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юта</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канзас</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Орегон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айова</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry/>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Б</para>
        <informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юкон</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Саскачеван</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Британская Колумбия</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Альберта</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Брансуик</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Новая Шотландия</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Квебек</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Манитоба</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Остров Принс-Эдуард</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Онтарио</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ньюфаундленд</foreignphrase></entry>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западные
                  территории</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №7.</title>
      <para>Read through the list and circle the thirteen original states of the U.S.</para>
      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кентукки</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гавайи</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Джорджия</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Невада</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Луизиана</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Делавэр</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннесота</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Арканзас</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Иллинойс</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вирджиния</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссури</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вайоминг</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пенсильвания</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэриленд</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Алабама</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Калифорния</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Небраска</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Теннесси</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Гемпшир</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Монтана</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Висконсин</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Мексико</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йорк</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Колорадо</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссиссипи</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Индиана</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Флорида</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Коннектикут</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аризона</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мичиган</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингтон</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Род-Айленд</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аляска</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Каролина</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Массачусетс</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Южная Дакота</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Южная Каролина</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Техас</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Дакота</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Западная Вирджиния</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оклахома</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Огайо</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вермонт</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айдахо</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэн</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Джерси</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юта</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канзас</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Орегон</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айова</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №8.</title>
      <para>Read through this list of American cities and alphabetize them in the spaces
        provided.</para>
      <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лос-Анджелес</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Балтимор</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сиэтл</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Атланта</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мемфис</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кливленд</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чикаго</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Филадельфия</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Детройт</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Буффало</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Питтсбург</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Даллас</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Хьюстон</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннеаполис</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йорк</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Майами</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лас-Вегас</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сан-Франциско</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бостон</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Цинциннати</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>________________________________</entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №9.</title>
      <para/>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>А</para>
          <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
            Find that word and give its number.</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>1</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">артист</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>6</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеалист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>2</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">адмирал</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>7</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">анализ</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>3</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">концерт</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>8</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">соната</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>4</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">система</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>9</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конституция</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>5</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">контракт</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>10</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">контакт</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Б</para>
          <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
            instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>1</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>6</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>2</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>7</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>3</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>8</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>4</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>9</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>5</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>10</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №10.</title>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>А</para>
          <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
            Find that word and give its number.</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>1</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">алгебра</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>6</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акцент</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>2</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гондола</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>7</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">генерал</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>3</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вето</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>8</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депо</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>4</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аргумент</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>9</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агент</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>5</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эра</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>10</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арка</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Б</para>
          <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
            instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>1</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>6</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>2</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>7</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>3</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>8</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>4</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>9</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>5</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>10</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №11.</title>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>А</para>
          <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
            Find that word and give its number.</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>1</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">полиция</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>6</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">позиция</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>2</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инстанция</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>7</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дистанция</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>3</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юстиция</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>8</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конструкция</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>4</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фаза</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>9</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фраза</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>5</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балласт</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>10</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акт</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Б</para>
          <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
            instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>1</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>6</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>2</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>7</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>3</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>8</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>4</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>9</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>5</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>10</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №12.</title>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>А</para>
          <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
            Find that word and give its number.</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>1</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сенатор</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>6</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кентавр</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>2</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лидер</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>7</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лайнер</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>3</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">канал</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>8</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капитал</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>4</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цемент</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>9</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">семинар</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>5</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инцидент</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry>10</entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инструмент</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Б</para>
          <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
            instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>1</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>6</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>2</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>7</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>3</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>8</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>4</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>9</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>5</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                  <entry>10</entry>
                  <entry>______________________</entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №13.</title>
      <para>Match the "isms" in the first column to the "ists" in the second column.</para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>А</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коммунизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капиталист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капитализм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">материалист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оптимизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пессимист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">антагонизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">антагонист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пессимизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атеист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">материализм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коммунист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атеизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">турист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туризм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">социалист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">социализм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оптимист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Б</para>
          <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
            <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">индивидуализм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">террорист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеализм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">марксист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">терроризм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футурист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">марксизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">индивидуалист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">расизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">расист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кубизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">импрессионист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футуризм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кубист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгоизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеалист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">импрессионизм</foreignphrase></entry>
                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгоист</foreignphrase></entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №14.</title>
      <para>Read through the following list of people. In the space provided below sort them
        according to their country.</para>
      <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингтон</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шекспир</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Толстой</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пушкин</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Линкольн</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Твен</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дарвин</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пастер</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ньютон</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бальзак</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Черчилль</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кюри</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Менделеев</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Эдисон</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Достоевский</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гюго</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">америка</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">англия</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">россия</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">франция</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №15.</title>
      <para>Read through the following list of people. In the space provided below sort them
        according to their professions.</para>
      <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чайковский</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тициан</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Эйнштейн</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Фолкнер</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бетховен</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рафаэль</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гершвин</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Маркони</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чехов</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Байрон</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Галлилей</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шопен</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Коперник</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сартр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ван-Гог</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рубенс</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">художники</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">писатели</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ученые</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">композиторы</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №16.</title>
      <para>Alphabetize the professions and occupations given below.</para>
      <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">артист</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">доктор</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инженер</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">директор</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балерина</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журналист</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лингвист</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">корреспондент</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">механик</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">клоун</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроном</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кассир</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">архитектор</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шофёр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фотограф</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профессор</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">адвокат</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студент</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атлет</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музыкант</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry>_________________________</entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</db:foreignphrase> №17.</title>
      <para>Read through the following list. In the space provided below sort the words according to
        the categories indicated.</para>
      <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">посол</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хоккеист</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студент</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">терапевт</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музыкант</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атташе</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балерина</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кардиолог</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">актёр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">консул</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атлет</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футболист</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">актриса</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">декан</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">спортсмен</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ректор</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профессор</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">педиатр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">министр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">доктор</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">президент</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депутат</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вице-президент</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кремль</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">больница</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">посольство</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>
    <?custom-pagebreak?>
    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №18.</title>
      <para>Read through the following list. In the space provided below sort the words according to
        the categories indicated.</para>
      <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вокзал</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">институт</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">амбулатория</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бульвар</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">порт</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лаборатория</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поликлиника</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">курсы</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сквер</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">госпиталь</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">станция</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафетерий</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">школа</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">проспект</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэропорт</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кинотеатр</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музей</foreignphrase></entry>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">филармония</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>eating out</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>entertainment</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>medicine</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>transportation</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>education</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>places in the city</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>
  </section>
  <?custom-pagebreak?>
  <section>
    <title>Learning Russian script</title>
    <para>So far, you have been dealing with Russian in its printed form. However, once in Russia
      you will frequently encounter letters, documents and materials which are in script or written
      out in longhand. You will also quickly discover that Russians, unlike Americans, will rarely
      print when writing by hand. Practice writing Russian script.</para>
    <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
      <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="2cm"/>
        <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="2cm"/>
        <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="10cm"/>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">А а</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-1.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Б б</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-2.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">В в</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-3.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Г г</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/G.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Д д</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/D.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Е е</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-4.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Ё ё</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-5.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Ж ж</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-6.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">З з</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-7.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">И и</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-8.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Й й</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-1.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">К к</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-2.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Л л</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-3.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">М м</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-4.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Н н</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-5.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">О о</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-6.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">П п</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-7.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Р р</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-8.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">С с</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-9.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Т т</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-10.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">У у</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-11.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Ф ф</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-12.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Х х</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-13.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Ц ц</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-14.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Ч ч</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-15.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Ш ш</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-1.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Щ щ</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-2.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Ъ</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-3.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">ы</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-4.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">ь</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-5.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Э э</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-6.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Ю ю</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-7.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry valign="middle">Я я</entry>
            <entry><inlinemediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-8.png"/>
                </imageobject>
              </inlinemediaobject></entry>
            <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
      <?custom-pagebreak?>
    </informaltable>
    <table pgwide="1">
      <title>The following table shows the Russian alphabet with approximate phonetic equivalents.
        Keep it handy as a reference.</title>
      <tgroup cols="4">
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Aa</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>a as in father</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рp</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>trilled, flapped r</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б6</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>b as in boat</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Cc</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>s as in sew</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Bb</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>v as in vote</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Tt</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>t as in top</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гг</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>g as in goat</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Уу</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>oo as in food</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дд</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>d as in dog</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Фф</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>f as in foot</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сc</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>ye as in yet</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Xx</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>j as in junta</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Её</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>yo as in yo-yo</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Цц</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>ts as in lets</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Жж</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>s as in measure</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чч</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>ch as in chair</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Зз</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>z as in zoo</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шш</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>sh as in show</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ии</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>ее as in mee</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щщ</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>sti as in question</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ий</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>у as in boy</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>hard sign</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кк</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>k as in kite</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>short i as in milk</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лл</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>1 as in loan</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>soft sign</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мм</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>m as in mop</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ээ</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>e as in let</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нн</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>n as in no</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юю</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>as you</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оо</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>о as in know</entry>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Яя</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>ya as in yard</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пп</foreignphrase></entry>
            <entry>p as in rope</entry>
            <entry/>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
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</chapter>