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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>Rule 1: the vowels o and a</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch01s05.xhtml" title="Spelling and pronunciation"/><link rel="next" href="ch01s07.xhtml" title="Rule 2: The vowels е and я"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="Rule 1: the vowels o and a" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e3689"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">Rule 1: the vowels o and a</h2></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>In Russian, the vowels о and a are pronounced as о and a only when they are stressed.
- Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
- instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
- exercise on the tape for this lesson.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">торт</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вино</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лимон</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">патриот</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюро</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сорт</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">норма</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жаргон</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Волга</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кино</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зона</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">метро</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">киоск</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кофе</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">номер</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>In Russian, the vowels о and a are pronounced as о and a only when they are stressed.
- Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
- instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
- exercise on the tape for this lesson. Now listen and repeat:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">концерт</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">канал</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аванс</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поэт</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">комета</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Канада</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">абсурд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">роман</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">газета</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пентагон</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аорта</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоккей</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">балет</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дипломат</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оркестр</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">протест</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туалет</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аэропорт</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">океан</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Толстой</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">банан</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">агроном</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">омега</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>In all other unstressed syllables both vowels <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">а</em></span> are pronounced
- like the short, indistinct "a" in tuna. Look at the following words and note the syllable
- which is stressed. Now listen and repeat:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">паспорт</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">маска</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">трактор</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гамма</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">атом</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дача</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">доктор</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">самовар</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фото</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стадион</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экспорт</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Динамо</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Лондон</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">молоко</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хроника</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каша</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">климат</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">машина</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div></section><footer/></body></html>
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