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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch03s03.xhtml" title="When to use Вы and Ты"/><link rel="next" href="ch03s05.xhtml" title="Examples of names and patronymics"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e9801"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</h2></div></div></div><p>The first name is the most common form of address between persons who enjoy a close
- relationship. The use of the various forms of the first name (similar to our American
- nicknames) is influenced by the degree of intimacy in the relationship. The greater the
- intimacy, the more variety in these forms. For example:</p><div class="variablelist" epub:type="list"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">A</span></dt><dd><p>Full forms of the first name <span class="bold"><strong>(</strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Владимир</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Татьяна</em></span>)</strong></span>are the mostneutral forms of address between
- individuals who are on either Вы or тыterms.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">B</span></dt><dd><p>hortened forms without suffixes <span class="bold"><strong>(</strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Володя</em></span>,<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таня</em></span>)</strong></span> indicate a certaindegree of
- closeness. These forms are often used interchangeably withthose in category A and are
- appropriate when the relationship is either <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span>.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">C</span></dt><dd><p>Nicknames with the suffix -ка (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Володька</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Танька</em></span></strong></span>) imply intimacy which may be without
- affection. The younger generation prefers these very informal forms and depending on the
- situation, they could also be interpreted as condescending.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">D</span></dt><dd><p>Only if the individuals are on <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> terms should the "diminutive" or"affectionate" forms
- of the name be used. Nicknames with these suffixes, -<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ечка</em></span></strong></span>, -<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">енька</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong>-<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юша</em></span>,</strong></span>-<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юшка</em></span></strong></span> (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Володечка</em></span></strong></span>,
- <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Володенька</em></span></strong></span>,<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Танечка</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Танюша</em></span></strong></span>) have a very
- specific coloring and non-native speakers of Russian will want to take care in using
- them. Russian women seem to favor the use of diminutive forms more than men and as you
- might suspect, men will use diminutive forms when addressing women, but not when
- addressing other men.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">E</span></dt><dd><p>Nicknames with a "zero" ending (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Володь</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тань</em></span></strong></span>) belong almost exclusively to the
- younger generation and non-native speakers should avoid them. They are used as a type of
- <span class="italic">vocative </span>case, that is, when trying to get
- someone's attention.</p></dd></dl></div></section><footer/></body></html>
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