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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>The Instrumental Case</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch08s11.xhtml" title="Ordinal Numbers"/><link rel="next" href="ch08s13.xhtml" title="Personal Pronouns"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="The Instrumental Case" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e29528"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">The Instrumental Case</h2></div></div></div><p>Now you have seen all six of the cases in Russian. Like the
    2. 

  2.     Genitive, Dative and Accusative cases, the Instrumental may be used both
    3. 

  3.     with and without a preposition. Recall that the Nominative is NEVER used
    4. 

  4.     with a preposition and the Locative/Prepositional is ALWAYS used with
    5. 

  5.     one.</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Most often, the Instrumental is used with the preposition
    6. 

  6.         "<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">с</em></span>" to indicate
    7. 

  7.         companiment; "with" in English:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хочу хлеб с
    8. 

  8.           маслом.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На закуску принесите грибы со
    9. 

  9.           сметаной.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы обедаем с
    10. 

  10.           друзьями.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The Instrumental is also used without a preposition to indicate
    11. 

  11.         the meansby which something is done (English "with" again), or the
    12. 

  12.         manner in which theaction is accomplished:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он ест суп
    13. 

  13.           ложкой.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он говорит громким
    14. 

  14.           голосом.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The Instrumental is used to answer the question <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span> When? with parts of the day and
    15. 

  15.         seasons of the year:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">утро</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">утром</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">день</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">днём</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вечер</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вечером</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночь
    16. 

  16.                 весна</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночью
    17. 

  17.                 весной</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лето</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">летом</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">осень</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">осенью</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зима</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зимой</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>The table below shows the Instrumental Case forms for the singular
    18. 

  18.     and plural forms of nouns and adjectives and compares them to the
    19. 

  19.     Nominative (N), Genitive (G), Dative (D), Accusative (A) and Locative
    20. 

  20.     (L).</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; " colspan="2"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">0H</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">N</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    21. 

  21.                  
    22. 

  22. 

  23.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новый студент </em></span>
    24. 

  24. 

  25.                  
    26. 

  26.               </p> <p>
    27. 

  27.                  
    28. 

  28. 

  29.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span>
    30. 

  30. 

  31.                  
    32. 

  32.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    33. 

  33.                  
    34. 

  34. 

  35.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новая студентка </em></span>
    36. 

  36. 

  37.                  
    38. 

  38.               </p> <p>
    39. 

  39.                  
    40. 

  40. 

  41.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старая квартира</em></span>
    42. 

  42. 

  43.                  
    44. 

  44.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    45. 

  45.                  
    46. 

  46. 

  47.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово </em></span>
    48. 

  48. 

  49.                  
    50. 

  50.               </p> <p>
    51. 

  51.                  
    52. 

  52. 

  53.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старое кресло</em></span>
    54. 

  54. 

  55.                  
    56. 

  56.               </p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    57. 

  57.                  
    58. 

  58. 

  59.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новые студенты</em></span>
    60. 

  60. 

  61.                  
    62. 

  62.               </p> <p>
    63. 

  63.                  
    64. 

  64. 

  65.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span>
    66. 

  66. 

  67.                  
    68. 

  68.               </p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    69. 

  69.                  
    70. 

  70. 

  71.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента </em></span>
    72. 

  72. 

  73.                  
    74. 

  74.               </p> <p>
    75. 

  75.                  
    76. 

  76. 

  77.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span>
    78. 

  78. 

  79.                  
    80. 

  80.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    81. 

  81.                  
    82. 

  82. 

  83.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новую студентку </em></span>
    84. 

  84. 

  85.                  
    86. 

  86.               </p> <p>
    87. 

  87.                  
    88. 

  88. 

  89.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старую квартиру</em></span>
    90. 

  90. 

  91.                  
    92. 

  92.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    93. 

  93.                  
    94. 

  94. 

  95.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово </em></span>
    96. 

  96. 

  97.                  
    98. 

  98.               </p> <p>
    99. 

  99.                  
    100. 

  100. 

  101.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старое кресло</em></span>
    102. 

  102. 

  103.                  
    104. 

  104.               </p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    105. 

  105.                  
    106. 

  106. 

  107.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span>
    108. 

  108. 

  109.                  
    110. 

  110.               </p> <p>
    111. 

  111.                  
    112. 

  112. 

  113.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span>
    114. 

  114. 

  115.                  
    116. 

  116.               </p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">G</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    117. 

  117.                  
    118. 

  118. 

  119.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента </em></span>
    120. 

  120. 

  121.                  
    122. 

  122.               </p> <p>
    123. 

  123.                  
    124. 

  124. 

  125.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого дома</em></span>
    126. 

  126. 

  127.                  
    128. 

  128.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    129. 

  129.                  
    130. 

  130. 

  131.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студентки</em></span>
    132. 

  132. 

  133.                  
    134. 

  134.               </p> <p>
    135. 

  135.                  
    136. 

  136. 

  137.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартиры</em></span>
    138. 

  138. 

  139.                  
    140. 

  140.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    141. 

  141.                  
    142. 

  142. 

  143.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового слова </em></span>
    144. 

  144. 

  145.                  
    146. 

  146.               </p> <p>
    147. 

  147.                  
    148. 

  148. 

  149.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого кресла</em></span>
    150. 

  150. 

  151.                  
    152. 

  152.               </p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    153. 

  153.                  
    154. 

  154. 

  155.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span>
    156. 

  156. 

  157.                  
    158. 

  158.               </p> <p>
    159. 

  159.                  
    160. 

  160. 

  161.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старых костюмов</em></span>
    162. 

  162. 

  163.                  
    164. 

  164.               </p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">L</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    165. 

  165.                  
    166. 

  166. 

  167.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новом студенте </em></span>
    168. 

  168. 

  169.                  
    170. 

  170.               </p> <p>
    171. 

  171.                  
    172. 

  172. 

  173.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старом доме</em></span>
    174. 

  174. 

  175.                  
    176. 

  176.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    177. 

  177.                  
    178. 

  178. 

  179.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новой студентке</em></span>
    180. 

  180. 

  181.                  
    182. 

  182.               </p> <p>
    183. 

  183.                  
    184. 

  184. 

  185.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старой
    186. 

  186.                 квартире</em></span>
    187. 

  187. 

  188.                  
    189. 

  189.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    190. 

  190.                  
    191. 

  191. 

  192.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в новом слове </em></span>
    193. 

  193. 

  194.                  
    195. 

  195.               </p> <p>
    196. 

  196.                  
    197. 

  197. 

  198.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старом кресле</em></span>
    199. 

  199. 

  200.                  
    201. 

  201.               </p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    202. 

  202.                  
    203. 

  203. 

  204.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новых студентах</em></span>
    205. 

  205. 

  206.                  
    207. 

  207.               </p> <p>
    208. 

  208.                  
    209. 

  209. 

  210.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старых
    211. 

  211.                 костюмах</em></span>
    212. 

  212. 

  213.                  
    214. 

  214.               </p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">D</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    215. 

  215.                  
    216. 

  216. 

  217.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новому студенту </em></span>
    218. 

  218. 

  219.                  
    220. 

  220.               </p> <p>
    221. 

  221.                  
    222. 

  222. 

  223.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старому дому</em></span>
    224. 

  224. 

  225.                  
    226. 

  226.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    227. 

  227.                  
    228. 

  228. 

  229.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студентке </em></span>
    230. 

  230. 

  231.                  
    232. 

  232.               </p> <p>
    233. 

  233.                  
    234. 

  234. 

  235.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартире</em></span>
    236. 

  236. 

  237.                  
    238. 

  238.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    239. 

  239.                  
    240. 

  240. 

  241.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новому слову </em></span>
    242. 

  242. 

  243.                  
    244. 

  244.               </p> <p>
    245. 

  245.                  
    246. 

  246. 

  247.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старому креслу</em></span>
    248. 

  248. 

  249.                  
    250. 

  250.               </p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><p>
    251. 

  251.                  
    252. 

  252. 

  253.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентам</em></span>
    254. 

  254. 

  255.                  
    256. 

  256.               </p> <p>
    257. 

  257.                  
    258. 

  258. 

  259.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым костюмам</em></span>
    260. 

  260. 

  261.                  
    262. 

  262.               </p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">I</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><p>
    263. 

  263.                  
    264. 

  264. 

  265.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентом</em></span>
    266. 

  266. 

  267.                  
    268. 

  268.               </p> <p>
    269. 

  269.                  
    270. 

  270. 

  271.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым домом</em></span>
    272. 

  272. 

  273.                  
    274. 

  274.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><p>
    275. 

  275.                  
    276. 

  276. 

  277.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студенткой </em></span>
    278. 

  278. 

  279.                  
    280. 

  280.               </p> <p>
    281. 

  281.                  
    282. 

  282. 

  283.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартирой</em></span>
    284. 

  284. 

  285.                  
    286. 

  286.               </p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><p>
    287. 

  287.                  
    288. 

  288. 

  289.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым словом </em></span>
    290. 

  290. 

  291.                  
    292. 

  292.               </p> <p>
    293. 

  293.                  
    294. 

  294. 

  295.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым кеслом</em></span>
    296. 

  296. 

  297.                  
    298. 

  298.               </p></td><td><p>
    299. 

  299.                  
    300. 

  300. 

  301.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентами</em></span>
    302. 

  302. 

  303.                  
    304. 

  304.               </p> <p>
    305. 

  305.                  
    306. 

  306. 

  307.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старыми костюмами</em></span>
    308. 

  308. 

  309.                  
    310. 

  310.               </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><footer/></body></html>
    311.