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ch09s10.xhtml

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch09s09.xhtml" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch09s11.xhtml" title="In case you were wondering"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="In case you were wondering" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e33934"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Verbs of Motion" epub:type="division" id="d0e33937"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">Verbs of Motion</h3></div></div></div><p>When speaking of actions which involve motion, either with or
    2. 

  2.       without some form of transport, Russian uses a system of verbs commonly
    3. 

  3.       referred to as the "verbs of motion". These verbs are grouped in a way
    4. 

  4.       unique from other verbs and, in many respects, follow their own logic
    5. 

  5.       and system in terms of usage. The following is a very brief and
    6. 

  6.       schematic explanation of these verbs. For more detailed information, you
    7. 

  7.       should consult any of the handbooks on Russian grammar available.</p></section><section class="section" title="&#34;Going&#34; verbs" epub:type="division" id="d0e33942"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">"Going" verbs</h3></div></div></div><p>There are 3 verbs which convey the message of simply
    8. 

  8.       "going":</p><p>These are:</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пойти</em></span></p></li></ul></div><p>To best understand how these are used, study the examples
    9. 

  9.       below:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span>
    10. 

  10.           (multi-directional, indeterminate)</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Дети ходят в
    11. 

  11.                   школу.</em></span></td><td>The children go to school. (They make regular trips
    12. 

  12.                   there and back.)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Дети ходят по
    13. 

  13.                   парку.</em></span></td><td>The children are strolling about the park. (random
    14. 

  14.                   motion, no goal)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Дети ходили в
    15. 

  15.                   кино.</em></span></td><td>The children went to the movies. (They made one round
    16. 

  16.                   trip, there and back.)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ребёнок уже
    17. 

  17.                   ходит.</em></span></td><td>The child is already walking. (He/she can perform the
    18. 

  18.                   action.)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Идти</em></span>
    19. 

  19.           (uni-directional, determinate)</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт по
    20. 

  20.                   улице.</em></span></td><td>He's going along the street. (action in progress,
    21. 

  21.                   directed toward a goal)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда он шёл в магазин,
    22. 

  22.                   он встретил своего друга.</em></span></td><td>While on his way to the store, he met his friend.
    23. 

  23.                   (goal-directed action in progress, "intersected" by a
    24. 

  24.                   secondary action)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пойти</em></span> (setting
    25. 

  25.           out; future intent to go)</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где ваша сестра? Она
    26. 

  26.                   пошла в библиотеку.</em></span></td><td>Where's your sister? She's left for the
    27. 

  27.                   library.</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Завтра мы пойдём в
    28. 

  28.                   музей.</em></span></td><td>Tomorrow we'll go to the museum.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>All these verbs simply convey the meaning of "going" and say
    29. 

  29.       nothing about HOW that action will be accomplished. If it is necessary
    30. 

  30.       to emphasize that you will be "walking", you need to add <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пешком</em></span> after the verb.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Утром дети идут в школу
    31. 

  31.               пешком.</em></span></td><td>Thre children walk to school in the morning.</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я люблю ходить
    32. 

  32.               пешком.</em></span></td><td>I like to walk</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Они хотят пойти в музей
    33. 

  33.               пешком.</em></span></td><td>They want to walk to the museum.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="&#34;Transport&#34; verbs" epub:type="division" id="d0e34071"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">"Transport" verbs</h3></div></div></div><p>If you are emphasizing that you are using a form of
    34. 

  34.       transportation, you will use the following verbs:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить</em></span> (for
    35. 

  35.       <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span>) <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ехать</em></span> (for <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>) <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поехать</em></span> (for <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пойти</em></span>) and indicate, if you wish, the form
    36. 

  36.       of transport in the following manner:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на машине</em></span>,
    37. 

  37.       <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на автобусе</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на трамвае</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на метро</em></span>, etc.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>For example</strong></span>:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы ездили туда на
    38. 

  38.                 машине. </em></span></p></td><td><p>We went there by car. </p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он любит ездить на
    39. 

  39.                 метро.</em></span></td><td>He likes to take the metro.</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы поедем в Москву на
    40. 

  40.                 поезде.</em></span></td><td>We'll take the train to Moscow.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Note</strong></span>:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Автобус (троллейбус, трамвай,
    41. 

  41.         поезд) ходит/идёт.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Машина
    42. 

  42.         ездит/едет.</em></span></p></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>For example:</strong></span></p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот идёт наш
    43. 

  43.         автобус.</em></span></p><p>There goes our bus.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы не знаете, какой трамвай идёт до
    44. 

  44.         библиотеки?</em></span></p><p>Would you happen to know which bus goes to the library?</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Смотрите! Вот едет машина
    45. 

  45.         президента!</em></span></p><p>Look! There goes the President's car!</p></div></section></section><footer/></body></html>
    46.