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FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch10s11.xhtml" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch10s13.xhtml" title="Useful words and expressions"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="In case you were wondering" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e37591"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Telling time" epub:type="division" id="d0e37594"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">Telling time</h3></div></div></div><p>When you need to find out the time, ask: Который (сейчас) час?</p><p>You'll hear in reply:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сейчас час.</em></span></td><td>It's one o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сейчас два часа.</em></span></td><td>It's two o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сейчас десять часов.</em></span></td><td>It's ten o'clock.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>When you need to know WHEN? you may use one of the following two</p><p>questions: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Когда?</strong></span></em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>В котором часу?</strong></span></em></span></p><p>There are two ways of answering these questions:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span></em></span> This is less specific and may
            be answered by saying:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Утром.</em></span></td><td>In the morning (from about 5:00 am to noon)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Днём.</em></span></td><td>In the daytime (from noon to about 6:00 pm)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вечером.</em></span></td><td>In the evening (from 6:00 pm to midnight)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ночью.</em></span></td><td>At night (from midnight to about 5:00 am)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В котором
              часу?</em></span></strong></span> This is more specific and indicates the hour:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В час.</em></span></td><td>At one o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В два/три/четыре
                    (часа).</em></span></td><td>At two/three/four o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В пять/шесть/семь
                    (часов)</em></span></td><td>At five/six/seven o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td><p>
                      <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В восемь /девять /десять (часов)</em></span>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                      <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В одиннадцать /двенадцать (часов)</em></span>
                    </p></td><td><p>At eight /nine /ten </p>
                    <p>At eleven /twelve o'clock.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>То indicate am add <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночи</em></span></strong></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>утра</strong></span></em></span> after the hour:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В час ночи. В семь часов утра.</em></span></p></div><p>For p_m, add <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>дня</strong></span></em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>вечера</strong></span></em></span>.</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В два часа дня. В одиннадцать часов
            вечера.</em></span></p></div><p>То indicate partial hours, Russian uses a very complex system which is gradually being
        replaced by a simpler one based on the 24-hour clock. Study the following examples:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В час.</em></span></td><td>At 1:00 am.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В четыре тридцать.</em></span></td><td>At 4:30 am.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В девять сорок пять.</em></span></td><td>At 9:45 am.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В тринадцать десять.</em></span></td><td>At 1:10 pm. (13:10)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В семнадцать тридцать.</em></span></td><td>At 5:30 pm. (17:30)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В двадцать пятнадцать.</em></span></td><td>At 8:15 pm. (20:15)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В двадцать три тридцать.</em></span></td><td>At 11:30 pm. (23:30)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>But you will also hear these:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В половине пятого утра.</em></span></td><td>At 4:30am. (lit. half five in the morning)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Без пятнадцати десять
                утра.</em></span></td><td>At 9:45am. (lit. 10 less 15 [minutes])</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В десять минут второго.</em></span></td><td>At 1:10pm. (lit. 10 minutes of the second hour)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В половине шестого вечера.</em></span></td><td>At 5:30pm. (lit. half six in the evening)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="The Genitive Case to indicate absence or lack of" epub:type="division" id="d0e37825"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">The Genitive Case to indicate absence or lack of</h3></div></div></div><p>Russian uses the Genitive case and the unchanging negative verb forms <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">НЕТ</em></span></strong></span> (present tense)
          <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">HE БЫЛО</em></span></strong></span>
        (past tense) and <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">HE
          БУДЕТ</em></span></strong></span> (future tense) to show that someone or something is
        lacking/missing.</p><p>Compare the following sentences:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В номере есть телевизор. В номере нет.
              телевизора.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В гостинице была почта. В гостинице не было
              почты.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня будут деньги. У меня не будет
              денег.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></section><section class="section" title="Упражнение №37" epub:type="division" id="d0e37857"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражнение</em></span> №37</h3></div></div></div><div class="informalexample"><p>Translate the following into English.</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В ванной комнате нет туалетной
                бумаги.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В номере нет телефона.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В гостинице нет бюро
              обслуживания.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В гостинице не было
              парикмахерской.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На этаже не было дежурной.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сегодня нет администратора.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Завтра не будет горничной.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня нет детей.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У нас не было машины.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У них не будет свободного
              времени.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div></section><section class="section" title="Collective numerals" epub:type="division" id="d0e37907"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">Collective numerals</h3></div></div></div><p>Russian uses special forms of the numerals with the words:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сутки</em></span> (a 24-hour period)</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дети (children)</em></span></p></div><p>and a few others which exist only in the plural.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">одни сутки</em></span></td><td>(but: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">один ребенок</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">один сын</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">одна
                  дочь</em></span>)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">двое суток</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">двое детей</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">трое суток</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">трое детей</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">четверо суток</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">четверо детей</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пятеро суток</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пятеро детей</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Note that these numerals are ALWAYS followed by the noun in the GENITIVE PLURAL
        CASE.</p><p>Study the following examples:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мне нужен номер на двое суток.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сколько вы у нас пробудете?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Трое суток.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У вас есть дети?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Да, есть. Сколько?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Трое.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У нас двое детей: один сын и одна
            дочь.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У них большая семья: четверо
            детей!</em></span></p></li></ol></div></section></section><footer/></body></html>