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  3.    <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">When to use &#1042;&#1099; and &#1058;&#1099;</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Lesson 3"><link rel="prev" href="ch03s02.html" title="Russian names"><link rel="next" href="ch03s04.html" title="Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">When to use &#1042;&#1099; and &#1058;&#1099;</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s02.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Lesson 3</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch03s04.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e6267"></a>When to use &#1042;&#1099; and &#1058;&#1099;</h2></div></div></div><p>Russian, unlike English, has two different forms of the second person singular pronoun
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  4.       "you": <span class="bold"><strong>&#1074;&#1099;</strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong>&#1090;&#1099;</strong></span>. Compare
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  5.       these to the French <span class="bold"><strong>Vous</strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong>tu</strong></span> or the German <span class="bold"><strong>Sie</strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong>du</strong></span>. The <span class="bold"><strong>&#1074;&#1099;</strong></span> form is also the second person
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  6.       plural.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>&#1042;&#1099;</strong></span> is used in formal situations, work settings, when
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  7.       speaking to a superior or to someone older, to whom you wish to show a degree of respect.
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  8.         <span class="bold"><strong>&#1042;&#1099;</strong></span> indicates distance (emotional, social or
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  9.       chronological).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>&#1058;&#1099;</strong></span> is used in informal situations, family relationships
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  10.       (between spouses, parents and children, between siblings and with other relatives), when
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  11.       speaking to someone younger than you. <span class="bold"><strong>&#1058;&#1099;</strong></span> indicates closeness
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  12.       (in age or in terms of friendship and intimacy).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>&#1042;&#1099;</strong></span>-forms of address can be full first name plus
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  13.       patronymic, full first name minus patronymic, or shortened first name only. <span class="bold"><strong>&#1058;&#1099;</strong></span>-forms of address will be first name only, either full or
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  14.       shortened.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>&#1058;&#1099;</strong></span> is always used when addressing God, speaking to
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  15.       children (your own or anyone's) and calling your cat or dog.</p><p>When they first meet, adults will usually begin by addressing each other as <span class="bold"><strong>&#1042;&#1099;</strong></span>. At some point in time in the relationship, one may suggest to the
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  16.       other that they change to <span class="bold"><strong>&#1090;&#1099;</strong></span> by saying: <span class="bold"><strong>&#1044;&#1072;&#1074;&#1072;&#1081;&#1090;&#1077; &#1087;&#1077;&#1088;&#1077;&#1081;&#1076;&#1105;&#1084; &#1085;&#1072; &#1090;&#1099;;</strong></span> &#1086;&#1075; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1052;&#1086;&#1078;&#1085;&#1086; &#1085;&#1072; &#1090;&#1099;?</strong></span> If this
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  17.       is mutually agreeable, the relationship passes onto a new level; some people even make a
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  18.       ritual of it by drinking <span class="bold"><strong>"&#1073;&#1088;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1088;&#1096;&#1072;&#1092;&#1090;"</strong></span>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s02.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch03.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch03s04.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Russian names&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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