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  3.    <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Lesson 3"><link rel="prev" href="ch03s03.html" title="When to use &#1042;&#1099; and &#1058;&#1099;"><link rel="next" href="ch03s05.html" title="Examples of names and patronymics"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s03.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Lesson 3</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch03s05.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e6294"></a>Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</h2></div></div></div><p>The first name is the most common form of address between persons who enjoy a close
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  4.       relationship. The use of the various forms of the first name (similar to our American
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  5.       nicknames) is influenced by the degree of intimacy in the relationship. The greater the
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  6.       intimacy, the more variety in these forms. For example:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">A</span></dt><dd><p>Full forms of the first name <span class="bold"><strong>(</strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1083;&#1072;&#1076;&#1080;&#1084;&#1080;&#1088;</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100;&#1103;&#1085;&#1072;</em></span>)</strong></span>are the mostneutral forms of address between
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  7.             individuals who are on either &#1042;&#1099; or &#1090;&#1099;terms.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">B</span></dt><dd><p>hortened forms without suffixes <span class="bold"><strong>(</strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1086;&#1083;&#1086;&#1076;&#1103;</em></span>,<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1072;&#1085;&#1103;</em></span>)</strong></span> indicate a certaindegree of
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  8.             closeness. These forms are often used interchangeably withthose in category A and are
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  9.             appropriate when the relationship is either <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span>.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">C</span></dt><dd><p>Nicknames with the suffix -&#1082;&#1072; (<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1086;&#1083;&#1086;&#1076;&#1100;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1072;&#1085;&#1100;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span>) imply intimacy which may be without
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  10.             affection. The younger generation prefers these very informal forms and depending on the
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  11.             situation, they could also be interpreted as condescending.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">D</span></dt><dd><p>Only if the individuals are on <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span> terms should the "diminutive" or"affectionate" forms
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  12.             of the name be used. Nicknames with these suffixes, -<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;&#1095;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span>, -<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;&#1085;&#1100;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong>-<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1102;&#1096;&#1072;</em></span>,</strong></span>-<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1102;&#1096;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span> (<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1086;&#1083;&#1086;&#1076;&#1077;&#1095;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span>,
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  13.               <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1086;&#1083;&#1086;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1100;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span>,<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1072;&#1085;&#1077;&#1095;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1072;&#1085;&#1102;&#1096;&#1072;</em></span></strong></span>) have a very
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  14.             specific coloring and non-native speakers of Russian will want to take care in using
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  15.             them. Russian women seem to favor the use of diminutive forms more than men and as you
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  16.             might suspect, men will use diminutive forms when addressing women, but not when
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  17.             addressing other men.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">E</span></dt><dd><p>Nicknames with a "zero" ending (<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1086;&#1083;&#1086;&#1076;&#1100;</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1072;&#1085;&#1100;</em></span></strong></span>) belong almost exclusively to the
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  18.             younger generation and non-native speakers should avoid them. They are used as a type of
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  19.               <span class="italic">vocative </span>case, that is, when trying to get
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  20.             someone's attention.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s03.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch03.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch03s05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">When to use &#1042;&#1099; and &#1058;&#1099;&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Examples of names and patronymics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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