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  3.    <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">In case you were wondering</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch08.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;8.&nbsp;Lesson 8"><link rel="prev" href="ch08s09.html" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"><link rel="next" href="ch08s11.html" title="Ordinal Numbers"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s09.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;8.&nbsp;Lesson 8</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch08s11.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e17764"></a>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e17766"></a>The Imperative</h3></div></div></div><p>The imperative is the form of the verb used when you are
    4. 

  4.       asking/telling someone to do something. As such, it is often referred to
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  5.       as the command form. In English, we often add a "please" to the command
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  6.       form to turn it into a request. In Russian, the presence or absence of
    7. 

  7.       <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1078;&#1072;&#1083;&#1091;&#1081;&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;</em></span> does not
    8. 

  8.       determine the difference between a command and a request. That function
    9. 

  9.       is performed by something called aspect (imperfective and perfective
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  10.       verbs). More about this later.</p><p>Here are the most basic rules for forming the imperative:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>Start with the <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1085;&#1080;</em></span> form of the verb. Completely
    11. 

  11.           remove that ending:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="4cm" class="c1"><col width="4cm" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1085;&#1077;&#1089;&#1091;&#1090;</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1085;&#1077;&#1089;-</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1091;&#1090;</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;-</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1091;&#1090;</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;-</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1083;&#1072;&#1090;&#1103;&#1090;</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1083;&#1072;&#1090;-</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1091;&#1090;</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;-</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1079;&#1076;&#1088;&#1072;&#1074;&#1103;&#1090;</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1079;&#1076;&#1088;&#1072;&#1074;-</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1088;&#1072;&#1073;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072;&#1102;&#1090;</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1088;&#1072;&#1073;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072;-</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1095;&#1080;&#1090;&#1072;&#1102;&#1090;</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1095;&#1080;&#1090;&#1072;-</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>and add <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-&#1080;</em></span> or
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  12.           <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-&#1100;</em></span> (if what is left
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  13.           ends in a consonant):</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1085;&#1077;&#1089;&#1080;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1080;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1080;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1083;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1073;&#1091;&#1076;&#1100;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1079;&#1076;&#1088;&#1072;&#1074;&#1100;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>or add -&#1081; (if what is left ends in a vowel):</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1088;&#1072;&#1073;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072;&#1081;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1095;&#1080;&#1090;&#1072;&#1081;&#1090;&#1077;</em></span></p></li></ul></div><p>Of course, you will find exceptions to this rule, so your best bet
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  14.       will be to simply memorize those imperative forms which you will hear or
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  15.       use most often.</p><p>As Russian makes a distinction between the informal <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1099;</em></span> and the formal/plural <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1099;</em></span>, you will need to make that distinction
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  16.       with the imperative forms. The forms shown above are for <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1099;</em></span>. &#1058;&#1086; make the <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1099;</em></span> forms, simply drop the ending
    17. 

  17.       -&#1090;&#1077;:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1085;&#1077;&#1089;&#1080;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1080;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1078;&#1080;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1073;&#1091;&#1076;&#1100;</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1088;&#1072;&#1073;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072;&#1081;</em></span>,
    18. 

  18.         etc.</p></div><p>A command/request NOT to do something is made by simply adding &#1085;&#1077;
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  19.       in front of the imperative. Negative commands are usually formed using
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  20.       imperfective verbs. The imperatives <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1088;&#1072;&#1073;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072;&#1081;</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1095;&#1080;&#1090;&#1072;&#1081;</em></span> are examples of these.</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">He &#1088;&#1072;&#1073;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072;&#1081;
    21. 

  21.         (-&#1090;&#1077;)</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">He &#1095;&#1080;&#1090;&#1072;&#1081;
    22. 

  22.         (-&#1090;&#1077;)</em></span></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e17885"></a><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059;&#1087;&#1088;&#1072;&#1078;&#1085;&#1077;&#1085;&#1080;&#1077;</em></span>
    23. 

  23.       &#8470;24.</h3></div></div></div><p>Go back through Lessons 1-6 and find imperative forms. Take note
    24. 

  24.       of when and how they are used; explain what they mean. With your
    25. 

  25.       instructor's help try to use them yourself.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e17889"></a><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059;&#1087;&#1088;&#1072;&#1078;&#1085;&#1077;&#1085;&#1080;&#1077;</em></span>
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  26.       &#8470;25.</h3></div></div></div><div class="informalexample"><p>Translate the following:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Show me, please...</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Tell me, please...</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Please bring (me)...</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Be so kind.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Don't work!</p></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s09.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch08.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch08s11.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening Comprehension Exercise&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Ordinal Numbers</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    27.