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- <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">The Instrumental Case</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch08.html" title="Chapter 8. Lesson 8"><link rel="prev" href="ch08s11.html" title="Ordinal Numbers"><link rel="next" href="ch08s13.html" title="Personal Pronouns"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The Instrumental Case</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s11.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 8. Lesson 8</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s13.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e18102"></a>The Instrumental Case</h2></div></div></div><p>Now you have seen all six of the cases in Russian. Like the
- Genitive, Dative and Accusative cases, the Instrumental may be used both
- with and without a preposition. Recall that the Nominative is NEVER used
- with a preposition and the Locative/Prepositional is ALWAYS used with
- one.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Most often, the Instrumental is used with the preposition
- "<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">с</em></span>" to indicate
- companiment; "with" in English:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хочу хлеб с
- маслом.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На закуску принесите грибы со
- сметаной.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы обедаем с
- друзьями.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The Instrumental is also used without a preposition to indicate
- the meansby which something is done (English "with" again), or the
- manner in which theaction is accomplished:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он ест суп
- ложкой.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он говорит громким
- голосом.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The Instrumental is used to answer the question <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span> When? with parts of the day and
- seasons of the year:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">утро</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">утром</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">день</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">днём</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вечер</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вечером</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночь
- весна</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночью
- весной</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лето</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">летом</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">осень</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">осенью</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зима</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зимой</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>The table below shows the Instrumental Case forms for the singular
- and plural forms of nouns and adjectives and compares them to the
- Nominative (N), Genitive (G), Dative (D), Accusative (A) and Locative
- (L).</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"><col class="c3"><col class="c4"><col class="c5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">0H</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новый студент </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новая студентка </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старая квартира</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старое кресло</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новые студенты</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span>
-
- </p></td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новую студентку </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старую квартиру</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старое кресло</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span>
-
- </p></td></tr><tr><td>G</td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого дома</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студентки</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартиры</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового слова </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого кресла</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старых костюмов</em></span>
-
- </p></td></tr><tr><td>L</td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новом студенте </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старом доме</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новой студентке</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старой
- квартире</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в новом слове </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старом кресле</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новых студентах</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старых
- костюмах</em></span>
-
- </p></td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новому студенту </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старому дому</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студентке </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартире</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новому слову </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старому креслу</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентам</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым костюмам</em></span>
-
- </p></td></tr><tr><td>I</td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентом</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым домом</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студенткой </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартирой</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым словом </em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым кеслом</em></span>
-
- </p></td><td><p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентами</em></span>
-
- </p> <p>
-
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старыми костюмами</em></span>
-
- </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s11.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch08.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s13.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Ordinal Numbers </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Personal Pronouns</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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