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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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  2. <!DOCTYPE html
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  3.   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    4. 

  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>The Russian alphabet</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"/><link rel="up" href="ch01.xhtml" title="Chapter 1. Lesson 1"/><link rel="prev" href="ch01.xhtml" title="Chapter 1. Lesson 1"/><link rel="next" href="ch01s03.xhtml" title="Russian phonetics"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The Russian alphabet</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 1. Lesson 1</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch01s03.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e223"/>The Russian alphabet</h2></div></div></div><p>The Russian alphabet "Cyrillic" is named in honor of St. Cyril, a Greek missionary who
    5. 

  5.       brought the written word to the Slavs in the 9th century. This alphabet, as it exists today,
    6. 

  6.       consists of 33 letters/symbols: 10 vowel symbols, 20 consonants, 1 semi-vowel and 2 symbols
    7. 

  7.       with no sound value.</p><p>The following is a presentation of the Cyrillic alphabet "<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кириллица</em></span>". It consists of letters/symbols which:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>resemble Latin letters and represent approximately the same sounds.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0010-1-1.png" width="142"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0010-1-2.png" width="142"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0010-2.png" width="142"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МАМА</em></span>
    8. 

  8.                   <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мама</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КОМЕТА</em></span>
    9. 

  9.                   <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">комета</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КОТ</em></span>
    10. 

  10.                   <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кот</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какао</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мокко</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Том</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мекка</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>resemble Latin letters, but represent different sounds:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Р р</em></span></td><td>represents a trilled or "flapped" r. (Compare it to the double t sound in
    11. 

  11.                   "letter" or the double d sound in "ladder".)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У у</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound oo.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">С с</em></span></td><td>represents the sound s.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В в</em></span></td><td>represents the sound v.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0011-1.png" width="142"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0011-2.png" width="142"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0011-3.png" width="142"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КАССА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МЕТРО</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ТРАКТОР</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0011-4.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0011-5.png" width="248"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КАКТУС</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МОСКВА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">метр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">курс</em></span></td><td align="center">масса</td><td align="center">квота</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мотор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">текст</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">торт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">маска</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">квас</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">арка</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аорта</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">карта</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">акт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">автор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">космос</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">театр</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аромат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сорт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">самовар</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">автомат</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Н н</em></span></td><td>represents the sound n.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0012-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0012-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">НОТА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ТАНК</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сенатор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нерв</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нос</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ветеран</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ресторан</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">манера</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">момент</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">норма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">номер</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ресторан</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ванна</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нато</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>look different from Latin letters altogether.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">И и</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound ее.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0013-1-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0013-1-1-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">киоск</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вино</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рис</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">риск</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">министр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">система</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">три</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рим</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">минимум</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">квартира</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">виски</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">артист</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">артистка</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">инструмент</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вино</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кино</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">минута</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">университет</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нина</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">минск</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">интерес</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">математика</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Л л</em></span></td><td>represents the sound I.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0014-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0014-2.png" align="middle" width="213"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">СТУЛ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЛИМОН</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">климат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">литр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">луна</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мали</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">миллион</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лирика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">металл</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">план</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">реклама</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лексика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">литература</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лист</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">минерал</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туалет</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">молекула</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">молоко</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Д д</em></span></td><td>represents the sound d.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0015-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0015-2.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0015-3.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">РАДИО</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ДОКТОР</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ДОМ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мода</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">диван</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">драма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кандидат</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">директор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">диск</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лондон</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">документ</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стадион</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дата</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">канада</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">демократ</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">диктант</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">метод</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дракон</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">код</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Б</em></span></td><td>represents the sound b.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0016-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0016-1-2.png" width="162"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">БАНАН</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">БИЛЕТ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">банк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бостон</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бокс</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">букет</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бланк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бар</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бас</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">балет</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">блин</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">брат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">борис</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">барон</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">П п</em></span></td><td>represents the sound p.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0017-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0017-2.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0017-3.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЛАМПА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПАСПОРТ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПОРТРЕТ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пресса</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">план</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">патриот</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">парламент</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">темп</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стоп</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">протест</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пианист</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">проект</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стоп</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">депутат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">транспорт</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">опера</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пакет</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плакат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">практика</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">парк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">импорт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">диплом</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дипломат</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">спорт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">парад</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">публика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">политика</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ы</em></span></td><td>represents a vowel sound which does not exist in English. This letter will
    12. 

  12.                   never begin a word and is often used to form the plural of nouns.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0018-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">РЫБА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мыло</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кассы</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">курсы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">планы</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туристы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лампы</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">атомы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рыба</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">блины</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сын</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">студенты</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плакаты</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Г г</em></span></td><td>represents the sound g.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0019-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0019-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ТИГР</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ГИТАРА</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0019-3.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0019-4.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КОНГРЕСС</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПЕНТАГОН</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">волга</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">грамм</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">орган</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">винегрет</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гранит</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">магнит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гамма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гол</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аргумент</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">агроном</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">агрессор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">генерал</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">группа</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сигнал</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">прогресс</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">грот</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">грамматика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">килограмм</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">З з</em></span></td><td>represents the sound z.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0020-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0020-2.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0020-3.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ГАЗЕТА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">РОЗА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЗЕБРА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">магазин</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">база</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зенит</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зона</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">президент</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ваза</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зоолог</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">виза</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">патриотизм</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">визит</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">муза</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">музыка</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ф ф</em></span></td><td>represents the sound f.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0021-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0021-2-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0021-2-1-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КАФЕ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МИКРОФОН</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ТЕЛЕФОН</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">миф</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">буфет</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фонд</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фрукты</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">финал</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кофе</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фосфор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фонтан</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фирма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фронт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фен</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">финансы</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">африка</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фото</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">флаг</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">профессор</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ферма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">физика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">факт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">феномен</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">форма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фраза</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фигура</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">футбол</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ж ж</em></span></td><td>represents the zh sound, similar to the V in measure.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0022-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0022-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЖИРАФ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЖУРНАЛ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жена</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жаргон</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">желе</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жест</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пирожок</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жакет</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">журналист</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жанр</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">И и</em></span></td><td>is a semi-vowel which represents the sound of "y" as in York.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0023-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0023-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПЛАНЕТАРИИ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МУЗЕИ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">йог</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мавзолей</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">йод</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">герой</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">йота</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">перестройка</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">трамвай</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бойкот</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">X х</em></span></td><td>represents the sound of the j in the English pronunciation of junta. The best
    13. 

  13.                   way to make this sound is to get your tongue in the position for the к sound, and
    14. 

  14.                   then simply exhale.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0024-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ХОККЕЙ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хроника</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">химик</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хулиган</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хаки</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">храм</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хаос</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">характер</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сахаров</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хунта</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">техник</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хамелеон</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">механик</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ч ч</em></span></td><td>represents the sound of "ch", as in cheese.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0025-1-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0025-1-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЧЕК</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЧЕМПИОН</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чай</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сочи</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чайковский</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">матч</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чикаго</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ростропович</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дача</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чехов</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иванович</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ц ц</em></span></td><td>represents the sound of the "ts" combination as in the word bets.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0026-1-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0026-1-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЦИРК</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПИЦЦА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">медицина</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цемент</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цитата</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">солженицын</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">концерт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">процесс</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дисциплина</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принцип</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цензура</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">специалист</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">центр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цент</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цилиндр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цинк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цикл</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ш ш</em></span></td><td>represents the "six" sound similar to that of the "s" in sugar.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0027-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ШОКОЛА́Д</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">штат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шрифт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">машина</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шарф</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шеф</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">штамп</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каша</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шуба</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">марш</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шимпанзе</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">финиш</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">школа</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Щ щ</em></span></td><td>looks like the letter above, except for its little tail. It represents a
    15. 

  15.                   sound similar to the combination shch, as in fresh cheese or the sti combination
    16. 

  16.                   in the word question.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щелкунчик</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щека</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">борщ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щенок</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щи</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щит</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э э</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which represents the sound of "e" as in bet. This letter often
    17. 

  17.                   begins words in Russian and is only rarely found within a word.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0028-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0028-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЭСКАЛАТОР</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЭЛЕКТРОН</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">эра</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экспресс</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">эксперимент</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поэт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аэрофлот</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">этика</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">элита</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экзамен</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">энтузиазм</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">эгоист</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">эхо</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">электрик</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экватор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экспорт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экономист</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я я</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>Я at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
    18. 

  18.               pronounced ya.</p><p>At the beginning of a word:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0029-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">ЯХТА</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">як</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">яд</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ярд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">яма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ялта</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">янки</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">яков</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ярус</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ярмарка</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In a vowel cluster:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0030-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">БАТАРЕЯ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мария</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">операция</em></span></td><td align="center">лаборатория</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">партия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">комедия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">коллекция</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">линия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">теория</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">территория</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">армия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">религия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">позиция</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">копия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экскурсия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экспедиция</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">категория</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">комиссия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">полиция</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">профессия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">галерея</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">миссия</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It
    19. 

  19.               is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the
    20. 

  20.               mouth. Я then represents the vowel a.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0031-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ВАНЯ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">няня</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">таня</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">боря</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ляля</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">коля</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">баня</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дядя</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">галя</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ю ю</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>Ю at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
    21. 

  21.               pronounced yoo.</p><p>At the beginning of a word:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юг</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юрта</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юрий</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юмор</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юрист</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ювелир</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юноша</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юбилей</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юстиция</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In a vowel cluster:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каюта</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">союз</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It
    22. 

  22.               is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the
    23. 

  23.               mouth. Ю then represents the vowel y.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0033-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">РЮКЗАК</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нюанс</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюджет</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пюре</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюро</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюрократ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дюна</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">меню</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">утюг</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">люкс</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюст</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюжет</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">костюм</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Е е</em></span></td><td>a vowel, like Я and Ю also has two pronunciations. In printed texts other
    24. 

  24.                   than textbooks the two dots are not indicated. You must be told when to pronounce
    25. 

  25.                   ё (which is always stressed) and when to pronounce e.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>E at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
    26. 

  26.               pronounced yo.</p><p>At the beginning of a word:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0034-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЁЛКА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ёж</em></span></p><p>in a vowel cluster:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">моё</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">твоё</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">её</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>After a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It is
    27. 

  27.               pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth.
    28. 

  28.               Ё then represents the vowel o.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0035-1.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ШОФЕР</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тётя</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">манёвр</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">берёза</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зелёный</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сестры</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лёд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">свёкла</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мёд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сёмга</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">счёт</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ь</em></span></td><td>The symbol <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ь</em></span> has no sound value.
    29. 

  29.                   It indicates that the preceding consonant is palatalized. It is most often found
    30. 

  30.                   at the end of Russian words and signals that these words are pronounced with the
    31. 

  31.                   final consonant palatalized ("softened"). For this reason it is referred to as the
    32. 

  32.                   "soft sign".</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0036-1.png"/></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FSI-0036-2.png"/></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МЕДАЛЬ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">АВТОМОБИЛЬ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мать</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">декабрь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">апрель</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">соль</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">конь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">князь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">портфель</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночь</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">отель</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">календарь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дробь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">царь</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ноль</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">секретарь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">модель</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фильм</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сеть</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пять</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бульвар</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кремль</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ъ</em></span></td><td>The symbol ъ also has no sound value. It is found within words and is used to
    33. 

  33.                   separate the prefix from the root of the word when the prefix ends in a consonant
    34. 

  34.                   and the root of the word begins with one of the following vowels: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я, Ю, E, E</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">объезд</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">подъём</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">подъезд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">объект</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">съезд</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">въезд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">субъект</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">объём</em></span></td><td align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e1935"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражнение</em></span> №1.</h3></div></div></div><p>Read through the following list of places you might want to visit.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">касса</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кино</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">театр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стадион</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">школа</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цирк</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">магазин</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ресторан</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кремль</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">парк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мавзолей</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">университет</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ферма</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зоопарк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">банк</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">музей</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">галерея</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">планетарий</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">буфет</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бар</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">храм</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">выставка</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ялта</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Россия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">консерватория</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e2007"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражнение</em></span> №2.</h3></div></div></div><p>Draw a line between the words which are logically related to each other.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">футбол</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">толстой</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">меню</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стадион</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зоопарк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фильм</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кино</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ресторан</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">"<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Анна Каренина</em></span>"</td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">медицина</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">литр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бензин</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кафе</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жираф</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">газета</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">университет</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оркестр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ферма</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">касса</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">концерт</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гастроном</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стюардесса</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аэрофлот</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">билет</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">доктор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кофе</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">студент</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">правда</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">трактор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">магазин</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e2089"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражнение</em></span> №3.</h3></div></div></div><p>Unscramble the following words. Use the answers below for help.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юмне</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нмдиоа</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">aсack</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">еофк</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">толфэаро</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тбуеф</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иреениусвтт</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">amoвck</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ягаелре</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рсотппа</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ральбву</em></span></td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Answers:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">касса</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">паспорт</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кофе</em></span>,
    35. 

  35.           <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">университет</em></span>,<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> галерея</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">меню</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">буфет</em></span>,
    36. 

  36.           <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Динамо</em></span>,<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">
    37. 

  37.           аэрофлот</em></span>,<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">
    38. 

  38.         бульвар</em></span>.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e2155"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражнение</em></span> №4.</h3></div></div></div><p>Make as many Russian words as you can using each letter only once. Start each word with
    39. 

  39.         one of the capitalized letters.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>К</strong></span>ефютро<span class="bold"><strong>Ф</strong></span>обфо<span class="bold"><strong>Б</strong></span>о<span class="bold"><strong>С</strong></span>зло<span class="bold"><strong>Ф</strong></span>оуют</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Ф<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>К<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Ф<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Б<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>С<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e2181"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражнение</em></span> №5.</h3></div></div></div><p>This is a listening comprehension exercise. Number the words according to the sequence
    40. 

  40.         in which your teacher will read them aloud.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">музей</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гастроном</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">армия</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">газета</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гитара</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кафе</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">журнал</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дядя</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">штат</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch01.xhtml">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch01s03.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 1. Lesson 1 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Russian phonetics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    41.