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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
    2. 

  2. <!DOCTYPE html
    3. 

  3.   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    4. 

  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>The Russian intonation system</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"/><link rel="up" href="ch03.xhtml" title="Chapter 3. Lesson 3"/><link rel="prev" href="ch03s10.xhtml" title="In case you were wondering"/><link rel="next" href="ch03s12.xhtml" title="Useful words and expressions"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The Russian intonation system</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s10.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 3. Lesson 3</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s12.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e7429"/>The Russian intonation system</h2></div></div></div><p>Much in the same way as English does, Russian uses a system of rising and falling
    5. 

  5.       intonations within a sentence to indicate that it is: a declarative statement, a question or
    6. 

  6.       an exclamation. Examine the following English sentences. Note their punctuation and attempt to
    7. 

  7.       read them with the proper intonation:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard?</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard!</strong></span></p><p>Now listen as your instructor reads this set of similar sentences in Russian. Note where
    8. 

  8.       the "center" of intonation is (always on the word in question or a question word, in a
    9. 

  9.       question), and the rise and fall of the voice:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ваша дочь окончила
    10. 

  10.         МГУ.</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ваша дочь окончила
    11. 

  11.         МГУ?</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ваша дочь окончила
    12. 

  12.         МГУ!</em></span></strong></span></p><p>The Russian intonation patterns have been organized into a system which refers to them as
    13. 

  13.       "intonation constructions" or "ИК". There are 5 basic patterns:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-1. </strong>for declarative sentences, statements. The tone is even,with a slight falling off at
    14. 

  14.             the end. Often this intonation is perceived by speakers of English as "boring", but you
    15. 

  15.             should resist the temptation to "jazz it up".</p><p>For example:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя фамилия Морозов. Меня зовут Николай Петрович. Это моя
    16. 

  16.             жена. Её зовут Екатерина Васильевна. Мы москвичи. Мы живём в
    17. 

  17.           Москве.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-2. </strong>for questions containing a question word (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span>
    18. 

  18.             <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">
    19. 

  19.                 Как?</em></span></strong></span>
    20. 

  20.             <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где?</em></span></strong></span>
    21. 

  21.             <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span>,
    22. 

  22.             etc.). The intonation rises on the question word and then drops and levels off for the
    23. 

  23.             rest of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто это? Что это?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как вас зовут?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где вы живёте? Где вы работаете?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда вы приехали в Москву?</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-3. </strong>for questions which do NOT contain a question word. This pattern is used to turn
    24. 

  24.             declarative sentences into questions without changing word order. The intonation rises
    25. 

  25.             on the word in question and then drops and levels off for the rest of the
    26. 

  26.             sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы говорите по-русски? Вы хорошо говорите
    27. 

  27.               по-русски?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы работаете в американском
    28. 

  28.             посольстве?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы давно в Москве?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это ваша машина?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У вас есть дети?</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-4. </strong>for "incomplete" questions which are usually prefaced with «A..?». In a dialog,
    29. 

  29.             these refer back to a question asked previously. The intonation dips slightly at the
    30. 

  30.             beginning of the question, then rises sharply and continues to rise to the end of the
    31. 

  31.             sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Как дела?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Очень хорошо, спасибо. А у вас? [А как у вас
    32. 

  32.               дела?)</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой сын учится в университете. А ваш? (Где учится ваш
    33. 

  33.               сын?)</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Летом мы поедем на Чёрное море. А вы? (Куда вы поедете
    34. 

  34.               летом?)</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-5. </strong>for exclamations which may be either sincere or sarcastic, depending on the context.
    35. 

  35.             The intonation rises at the beginning of the sentence, levels off, stays high and then
    36. 

  36.             drops at the end of the sentence.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="35%"/><col width="65%"/><tr>
    37. 

  37.             <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какая сегодня погода!</em></span></td>
    38. 

  38.             <td>(the sun is shining, the sky is blue, the birds are singing...)</td>
    39. 

  39.           </tr><tr>
    40. 

  40.             <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какая сегодня погода!</em></span></td>
    41. 

  41.             <td>(it's raining cats and dogs, the wind is howling...)</td>
    42. 

  42.           </tr><tr>
    43. 

  43.             <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какой у него голос!</em></span></td>
    44. 

  44.             <td>(a real Pavarotti!)</td>
    45. 

  45.           </tr><tr>
    46. 

  46.             <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какой у него голос!</em></span></td>
    47. 

  47.             <td>(he couldn't carry a tune in a bushel basket...)</td>
    48. 

  48.           </tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p>Now close your books and listen carefully as your instructor reads the following sentences
    49. 

  49.       aloud. Can you identify which are statements, and which are questions?</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1cm"/><col width="394"/><tr valign="top">
    50. 

  50.           <td align="left">1.</td>
    51. 

  51.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва - столица
    52. 

  52.               России.</em></span></td>
    53. 

  53.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    54. 

  54.           <td>2.</td>
    55. 

  55.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва столица
    56. 

  56.               России?</em></span></td>
    57. 

  57.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    58. 

  58.           <td align="left">3.</td>
    59. 

  59.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы работаете в американском
    60. 

  60.               посольстве.</em></span></td>
    61. 

  61.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    62. 

  62.           <td align="left">4.</td>
    63. 

  63.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы работаете в американском
    64. 

  64.               посольстве?</em></span></td>
    65. 

  65.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    66. 

  66.           <td align="left">5.</td>
    67. 

  67.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Его зовут Евгений
    68. 

  68.               Петрович.</em></span></td>
    69. 

  69.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    70. 

  70.           <td align="left">6.</td>
    71. 

  71.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Его зовут Евгений
    72. 

  72.               Петрович?</em></span></td>
    73. 

  73.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    74. 

  74.           <td align="left">7.</td>
    75. 

  75.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У неё двое
    76. 

  76.             детей.</em></span></td>
    77. 

  77.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    78. 

  78.           <td align="left">8.</td>
    79. 

  79.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У неё двое
    80. 

  80.             детей?</em></span></td>
    81. 

  81.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    82. 

  82.           <td>9.</td>
    83. 

  83.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А у вас? Как у вас
    84. 

  84.               дела?</em></span></td>
    85. 

  85.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    86. 

  86.           <td align="left">10</td>
    87. 

  87.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какая интересная
    88. 

  88.               картина!</em></span></td>
    89. 

  89.         </tr></table></div></div><p>The chart on the next page gives you a visual representation of these intonation
    90. 

  90.       constructions.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="10%"/><col width="15%"/><col width="25%"/><col width="25%"/><col width="25%"/><thead align="center"><tr valign="top">
    91. 

  91.           <td><span class="bold"><strong>ик</strong></span></td>
    92. 

  92.           <td colspan="4">TABLE OF INTONATION CONSTRUCTIONS</td>
    93. 

  93.         </tr></thead><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    94. 

  94.           <td valign="middle">ИК-1</td>
    95. 

  95.           <td>
    96. 

  96.             <div class="mediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-1.png"/></div>
    97. 

  97.             <p>
    98. 

  98.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь.</em></span>
    99. 

  99.             </p>
    100. 

  100.           </td>
    101. 

  101.           <td>
    102. 

  102.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    103. 

  103.             <p>
    104. 

  104.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь остановка.</em></span>
    105. 

  105.             </p>
    106. 

  106.           </td>
    107. 

  107.           <td align="left">
    108. 

  108.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    109. 

  109.             <p>
    110. 

  110.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это пятый автобус.</em></span>
    111. 

  111.             </p>
    112. 

  112.           </td>
    113. 

  113.           <td>
    114. 

  114.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    115. 

  115.             <p>
    116. 

  116.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот университет.</em></span>
    117. 

  117.             </p>
    118. 

  118.           </td>
    119. 

  119.         </tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    120. 

  120.           <td valign="middle">ИК-2</td>
    121. 

  121.           <td>
    122. 

  122.             <div class="mediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-1.png"/></div>
    123. 

  123.             <p>
    124. 

  124.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span>
    125. 

  125.             </p>
    126. 

  126.           </td>
    127. 

  127.           <td>
    128. 

  128.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    129. 

  129.             <p>
    130. 

  130.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где он живёт?</em></span>
    131. 

  131.             </p>
    132. 

  132.           </td>
    133. 

  133.           <td>
    134. 

  134.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    135. 

  135.             <p>
    136. 

  136.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Почему так?</em></span>
    137. 

  137.             </p>
    138. 

  138.           </td>
    139. 

  139.           <td>
    140. 

  140.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    141. 

  141.             <p>
    142. 

  142.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что это?</em></span>
    143. 

  143.             </p>
    144. 

  144.           </td>
    145. 

  145.         </tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    146. 

  146.           <td valign="middle">ИК-3</td>
    147. 

  147.           <td>
    148. 

  148.             <div class="mediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-1.png"/></div>
    149. 

  149.             <p>
    150. 

  150.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь?</em></span>
    151. 

  151.             </p>
    152. 

  152.           </td>
    153. 

  153.           <td>
    154. 

  154.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    155. 

  155.             <p>
    156. 

  156.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Здесь остановка?</em></span>
    157. 

  157.             </p>
    158. 

  158.           </td>
    159. 

  159.           <td>
    160. 

  160.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    161. 

  161.             <p>
    162. 

  162.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Это пятый автобус?</em></span>
    163. 

  163.             </p>
    164. 

  164.           </td>
    165. 

  165.           <td>
    166. 

  166.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    167. 

  167.             <p>
    168. 

  168.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она поёт?</em></span>
    169. 

  169.             </p>
    170. 

  170.           </td>
    171. 

  171.         </tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    172. 

  172.           <td valign="middle">ИК-4</td>
    173. 

  173.           <td>
    174. 

  174.             <div class="mediaobject"><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-1.png"/></div>
    175. 

  175.             <p>
    176. 

  176.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А вы?</em></span>
    177. 

  177.             </p>
    178. 

  178.           </td>
    179. 

  179.           <td>
    180. 

  180.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    181. 

  181.             <p>
    182. 

  182.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А ваш сын?</em></span>
    183. 

  183.             </p>
    184. 

  184.           </td>
    185. 

  185.           <td>
    186. 

  186.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    187. 

  187.             <p>
    188. 

  188.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А пятый автобус?</em></span>
    189. 

  189.             </p>
    190. 

  190.           </td>
    191. 

  191.           <td>
    192. 

  192.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    193. 

  193.             <p>
    194. 

  194.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А университет?</em></span>
    195. 

  195.             </p>
    196. 

  196.           </td>
    197. 

  197.         </tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    198. 

  198.           <td valign="middle">ИК-5</td>
    199. 

  199.           <td valign="middle">-------</td>
    200. 

  200.           <td>
    201. 

  201.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    202. 

  202.             <p>
    203. 

  203.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как она танцует!</em></span>
    204. 

  204.             </p>
    205. 

  205.           </td>
    206. 

  206.           <td>
    207. 

  207.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    208. 

  208.             <p>
    209. 

  209.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Замечательный голос!</em></span>
    210. 

  210.             </p>
    211. 

  211.           </td>
    212. 

  212.           <td>
    213. 

  213.             <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    214. 

  214.             <p>
    215. 

  215.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Настоящая весна!</em></span>
    216. 

  216.             </p>
    217. 

  217.           </td>
    218. 

  218.         </tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s10.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch03.xhtml">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s12.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">In case you were wondering </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    219.