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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"/><link rel="up" href="ch04.xhtml" title="Chapter 4. Lesson 4"/><link rel="prev" href="ch04s04.xhtml" title="Listening comprehension exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch04s06.xhtml" title="Useful words and expressions"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch04s04.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 4. Lesson 4</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch04s06.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e8539"/>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e8541"/>The genitive case</h3></div></div></div><p>The Genitive case has a number of different functions, the most important ones
        being:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>- showing possession (the 's form in English)</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это машина
                  Ивана.</em></span></td>
              <td>This is Ivan's car</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это книга
                  Марины.</em></span></td>
              <td>This is Marina's book.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она живет в доме
                  родителей.</em></span></td>
              <td>She lives in her parents' house.</td>
            </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating a noun which modifies another noun</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он мэр
                  Москвы.</em></span></td>
              <td>Не is the mayor of Moscow.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это учебник русского
                  языка.</em></span></td>
              <td>This is a Russian language textbook.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она учительница
                  математики.</em></span></td>
              <td>She is a math teacher.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стакан
                молока</em></span></td>
              <td>a glass of milk</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">остановка
                  автобуса</em></span></td>
              <td>a bus stop</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бутылка
                вина</em></span></td>
              <td>a bottle of wine</td>
            </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating quantity with numbers</p><p>2,3,4: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">книги</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">окна</em></span>
            (Gen. singular)</p><p>5-20: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">книг</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домов</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">окон</em></span>
            (Gen. plural)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating absence of someone or something using the word нет (the opposite of
              <span class="bold"><strong>есть)</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Есть
                книги.</em></span></td>
              <td>There are books.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет
                книг.</em></span></td>
              <td>There aren't (any) books.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Есть
                время.</em></span></td>
              <td>There is time.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет
                времени.</em></span></td>
              <td>There's no time.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У него есть
                  сын.</em></span></td>
              <td>He has a son.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У него нет
                  сына.</em></span></td>
              <td>He doesn't have a son.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Иван сегодня на
                  уроке.</em></span></td>
              <td>Ivan is in class today.</td>
            </tr><tr>
              <td valign="top"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ивана нет
                  сегодня на уроке.</em></span></td>
              <td>Ivan is not in class today.</td>
            </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating possession with preposition у followed by a noun or pronoun plus the
            word <span class="bold"><strong>есть</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>меня
              </strong></span>есть....</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>них
              </strong></span>есть...</em></span>.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>Ивана</strong></span>
              есть....</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>Ирины</strong></span>
              есть....</em></span></p><p>Note that the object owned is in the <span class="bold"><strong>nominative
              case</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня есть <span class="bold"><strong>книга</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У них есть <span class="bold"><strong>дети</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У Ивана есть <span class="bold"><strong>машина.</strong></span></em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У Ирины есть <span class="bold"><strong>собака.</strong></span></em></span></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e8668"/>Personal pronouns</h3></div></div></div><p>The table below shows the forms of the Genitive case (G) for nouns and adjectives and
        compares them to Nominative case (N) and Accusative case (A).</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1cm"/><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><thead><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td/>
            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OH</em></span></td>
            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА</em></span></strong></span></td>
            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО</em></span></strong></span></td>
            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ</em></span></strong></span></td>
          </tr></thead><tr align="center" valign="top">
          <td>N</td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новый студент</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новая студентка</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старая квартира</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>старое кресло</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новые студенты</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
          <td>A</td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новую студентку</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старую квартиру</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старое кресло</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
          <td>G</td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого дома</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студентки</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартиры</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового слова</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого кресла</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старых костюмов</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e8756"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражнение</em></span> №18.</h3></div></div></div><p>Find examples of the Genitive case in Lessons 2-4.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch04s04.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch04.xhtml">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch04s06.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening comprehension exercise </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>