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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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  2. <!DOCTYPE html
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  3.   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    4. 

  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"/><link rel="up" href="ch06.xhtml" title="Chapter 6. Lesson 6"/><link rel="prev" href="ch06s03.xhtml" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch06s05.xhtml" title="Useful words and expressions"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch06s03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 6. Lesson 6</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch06s05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e11626"/>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e11628"/>The Russian Verb</h3></div></div></div><p>Compared to the complexity of the English verbal system, the
    5. 

  5.       Russian one is quite simple.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/><col align="center" class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">PAST</td><td align="center"><p>I worked</p> <p>I did work</p> <p>I was
    6. 

  6.               working</p> <p>I had worked</p> <p>I had been
    7. 

  7.               working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я
    8. 

  8.               работал</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">PRESENT</td><td align="center"><p>I work</p> <p>I do work</p> <p>I am
    9. 

  9.               working</p> <p>I have worked</p> <p>I habe been
    10. 

  10.               working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я
    11. 

  11.               работаю</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">FUTURE</td><td align="center"><p>I will work</p> <p>I will be working</p>
    12. 

  12.               <p>I will have worked</p> <p>I will have been
    13. 

  13.               working</p> <p>I am going to work</p> <p>I am going
    14. 

  14.               to be working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я буду
    15. 

  15.               работать</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e11668"/>The Past Tense</h3></div></div></div><p>Past tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in
    16. 

  16.       the nominative case) in gender or number. To form the past tense, take
    17. 

  17.       the infinitive работать, drop the ending -ть and add -л, -ла, -ло or
    18. 

  18.       -ли.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Оно</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong>Они</strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я
    19. 

  19.               работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я
    20. 

  20.               работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p/></td><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы
    21. 

  21.               работали</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты
    22. 

  22.               работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты
    23. 

  23.               работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p/></td><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы
    24. 

  24.               работали</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он
    25. 

  25.               работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она
    26. 

  26.               работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно
    27. 

  27.               работало</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они
    28. 

  28.               работали</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e11727"/>The Present Tense</h3></div></div></div><p>Present tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in
    29. 

  29.       the nominative case) in person and number. There are two conjugation
    30. 

  30.       patterns for the present tense. They differ only by the vowel which is
    31. 

  31.       used in the endings:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">First conjugation</th><th align="center">Second conjugation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я
    32. 

  32.               работаю</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я
    33. 

  33.               говорю</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты
    34. 

  34.               работаешь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты
    35. 

  35.               говоришь</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он
    36. 

  36.               работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он
    37. 

  37.               говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она
    38. 

  38.               работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она
    39. 

  39.               говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно
    40. 

  40.               работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно
    41. 

  41.               говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы
    42. 

  42.               работаем</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы
    43. 

  43.               говорим</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы
    44. 

  44.               работаете</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы
    45. 

  45.               говорите</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они
    46. 

  46.               работают</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они
    47. 

  47.               говорят</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e11778"/>The future tense</h3></div></div></div><p>There are two ways to form verbs in the future tense:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Using a "helping verb" plus the<span class="bold"><strong>
    48. 

  48.           imperfectiv</strong></span>e infinitive:</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Conjugating a <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span>
    49. 

  49.           infinitive:</p></li></ol></div><p>The terms <span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span> and
    50. 

  50.       <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span> refer to the distinction
    51. 

  51.       between 2 verbs whose actual meaning is the same, but whose focus shifts
    52. 

  52.       from viewing the action as process (ongoing in the past, present or
    53. 

  53.       future) to viewing a "limit" having been reached (in the past or future;
    54. 

  54.       present is precluded). Sometimes this limit is an "end" (a result) and
    55. 

  55.       other times it is a "beginning". For a more complete explanation of this
    56. 

  56.       phenomenon, consult a Russian grammar.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch06s03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch06.xhtml">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch06s05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening Comprehension Exercise </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    57.