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- <title>2. The Russian alphabet</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="html.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter 1. Lesson 1"><link rel="prev" href="ch01s01.html" title="1. Ру́сский алфави́т"><link rel="next" href="ch01s03.html" title="3. Russian phonetics"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">2. The Russian alphabet</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s01.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 1. Lesson 1</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch01s03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e333"></a>2. The Russian alphabet</h2></div></div></div><p>The Russian alphabet "Cyrillic" is named in honor of St. Cyril, a Greek missionary who brought the written word to the Slavs in the 9th century. This alphabet, as it exists today, consists of 33 letters/symbols: 10 vowel symbols, 20 consonants, 1 semi-vowel and 2 symbols with no sound value.</p><p>The following is a presentation of the Cyrillic alphabet "<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кири́ллица</em></span></strong></span>". It consists of letters/symbols which:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>resemble Latin letters and represent approximately the same sounds.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0010-1-1.png" width="142"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0010-1-2.png" width="142"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0010-2.png" width="142"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МА́МА</em></span> <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ма́ма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КОМЕ́ТА</em></span> <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">коме́та</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КОТ</em></span> <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кот</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А́том</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кака́о</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мо́кко</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Те́ма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Том</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ме́кка</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>resemble Latin letters, but represent different sounds:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="14%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="86%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Р р</em></span></td><td>represents a trilled or "flapped" r. (Compare it to the double t sound in "letter" or the double d sound in "ladder".)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У у</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound oo.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">С с</em></span></td><td>represents the sound s.</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В в</em></span></td><td>represents the sound v.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0011-1.png" width="142"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0011-2.png" width="142"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0011-3.png" width="142"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КА́ССА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МЕТРО́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ТРА́КТОР</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0011-4.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0011-5.png" width="248"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КА́КТУС</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МОСКВА́</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">метр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">курс</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ма́сса</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кво́та</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мото́р</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">текст</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">торт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ма́ска</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">квас</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">а́рка</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ао́рта</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ка́рта</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">акт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">а́втор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ко́смос</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">теа́тр</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">арома́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сорт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">самова́р</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">автома́т</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Н н</em></span></td><td>represents the sound n.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0012-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0012-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">НО́ТА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ТАНК</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сена́тор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нерв</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нос</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ветера́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">океа́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мане́ра</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">моме́нт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́рма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́мер</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рестора́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ва́нна</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">НА́ТО</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>look different from Latin letters altogether.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">И и</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound ее.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0013-1-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0013-1-1-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кио́ск</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вино́</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рис</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">риск</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мини́стр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">систе́ма</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">три</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рим</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ми́нимум</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кварти́ра</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ви́ски</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">арти́ст</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">арти́стка</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">инструме́нт</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вино́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кино́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мину́та</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">университе́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ни́на</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">минск</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">интере́с</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">матема́тика</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Л л</em></span></td><td>represents the sound I.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0014-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0014-2.png" align="middle" width="213"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">СТУЛ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЛИМО́Н</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кли́мат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">литр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">луна́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мали́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">миллио́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ли́рика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мета́лл</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">план</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рекла́ма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ле́ксика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">литерату́ра</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лист</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">минера́л</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туале́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">моле́кула</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">молоко́</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Д д</em></span></td><td>represents the sound d.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0015-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0015-2.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0015-3.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">РА́ДИО</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ДО́КТОР</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ДОМ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мо́да</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дива́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дра́ма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кандида́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дире́ктор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">диск</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ло́ндон</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">докуме́нт</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стадио́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">да́та</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кана́да</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">демокра́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дикта́нт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ме́тод</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">драко́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">код</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Б</em></span></td><td>represents the sound b.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0016-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0016-1-2.png" width="162"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">БАНА́Н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">БИЛЕ́Т</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">банк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бо́стон</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бокс</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">буке́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бланк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бар</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бас</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бале́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">блин</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">брат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бори́с</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">баро́н</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">П п</em></span></td><td>represents the sound p.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0017-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0017-2.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0017-3.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЛА́МПА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПА́СПОРТ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПОРТРЕ́Т</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пре́сса</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">план</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">патрио́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">парла́мент</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">темп</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стоп</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">проте́ст</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пиани́ст</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">прое́кт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стоп</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">депута́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тра́нспорт</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́пера</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">паке́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плака́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пра́ктика</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">парк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">и́мпорт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дипло́м</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дипломат</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">спорт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пара́д</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пу́блика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поли́тика</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ы</em></span></td><td>represents a vowel sound which does not exist in English. This letter will never begin a word and is often used to form the plural of nouns.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0018-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">РЫ́БА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы́ло</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ка́ссы</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ку́рсы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пла́ны</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тури́сты</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ла́мпы</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">а́томы</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ры́ба</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">блины́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сын</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">студе́нты</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плака́ты</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Г г</em></span></td><td>represents the sound g.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0019-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0019-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ТИГР</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ГИТА́РА</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0019-3.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0019-4.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КОНГРЕ́СС</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПЕНТАГО́Н</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Во́лга</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">грамм</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́рган</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">винегре́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">грани́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">магни́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">га́мма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гол</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">аргуме́нт</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">агроно́м</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">агре́ссор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">генера́л</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гру́ппа</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сигна́л</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">прогре́сс</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">грот</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">грамма́тика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">килогра́мм</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">З з</em></span></td><td>represents the sound z.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0020-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0020-2.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0020-3.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ГАЗЕ́ТА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">РО́ЗА</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЗЕ́БРА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">магази́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ба́за</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зени́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зо́на</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">президе́нт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ва́за</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зоо́лог</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ви́за</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">патриоти́зм</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">визи́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">му́за</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">му́зыка</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ф ф</em></span></td><td>represents the sound f.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0021-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0021-2-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0021-2-1-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">КАФЕ́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МИКРОФО́Н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ТЕЛЕФО́Н</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">миф</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">буфе́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фонд</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фру́кты</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фина́л</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ко́фе</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фо́сфор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фонта́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фи́рма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фронт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фен</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фина́нсы</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">а́фрика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фо́то</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">флаг</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">профе́ссор</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фе́рма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фи́зика</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">факт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фено́мен</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фо́рма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фра́за</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фигу́ра</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">футбо́л</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ж ж</em></span></td><td>represents the zh sound, similar to the V in measure.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0022-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0022-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЖИРА́Ф</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЖУРНА́Л</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жена́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жарго́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">желе́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">же́ст</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пирожо́к</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жаке́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">журнали́ст</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жа́нр</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">И и</em></span></td><td>is a semi-vowel which represents the sound of "y" as in York.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0023-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0023-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПЛАНЕТА́РИИ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МУЗЕ́Й</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">йог</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мавзоле́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">йод</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">геро́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">йо́та</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">перестро́йка</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">трамва́й</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бойко́т</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">X х</em></span></td><td>represents the sound of the j in the English pronunciation of junta. The best way to make this sound is to get your tongue in the position for the к sound, and then simply exhale.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0024-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ХОККЕ́Й</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хро́ника</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хи́мик</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хулига́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ха́ки</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">храм</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ха́ос</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хара́ктер</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Са́харов</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ху́нта</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">те́хник</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хамелео́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">меха́ник</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ч ч</em></span></td><td>represents the sound of "ch", as in cheese.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0025-1-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0025-1-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЧЕК</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЧЕМПИО́Н</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чай</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">со́чи</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Чайко́вский</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">матч</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чика́го</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ростропо́вич</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">да́ча</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Че́хов</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ива́нович</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ц ц</em></span></td><td>represents the sound of the "ts" combination as in the word bets.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0026-1-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0026-1-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЦИРК</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ПИ́ЦЦА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">медици́на</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цеме́нт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цита́та</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Солжени́цын</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">конце́рт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">проце́сс</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дисципли́на</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">при́нцип</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цензу́ра</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">специали́ст</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">центр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цент</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цили́ндр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цинк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цикл</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ш ш</em></span></td><td>represents the "six" sound similar to that of the "s" in sugar.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0027-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ШОКОЛА́́Д</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">штат</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шрифт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">маши́на</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шарф</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шеф</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">штамп</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ка́ша</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шу́ба</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">марш</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шимпанзе́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фи́ниш</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шко́ла</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Щ щ</em></span></td><td>looks like the letter above, except for its little tail. It represents a sound similar to the combination shch, as in fresh cheese or the sti combination in the word question.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щелку́нчик</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щека́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">борщ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щено́к</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щи</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">щит</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э э</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which represents the sound of "e" as in bet. This letter often begins words in Russian and is only rarely found within a word.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0028-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0028-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЭСКАЛА́ТОР</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЭЛЕКТРО́Н</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">э́ра</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экспре́сс</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экспериме́нт</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поэ́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Аэрофло́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">э́тика</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">эли́та</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экза́мен</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">энтузиа́зм</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">эгои́ст</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">э́хо</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">эле́ктрик</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">эква́тор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">э́кспорт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экономи́ст</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я я</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>Я at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is pronounced ya.</p><p>At the beginning of a word:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0029-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">Я́ХТА</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">як</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">яд</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ярд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я́ма</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я́лта</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я́нки</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я́ков</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я́рус</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я́рмарка</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In a vowel cluster:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0030-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">БАТАРЕ́Я</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мари́я</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">опера́ция</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лаборато́рия</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">па́ртия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">коме́дия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">колле́кция</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ли́ния</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тео́рия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">террито́рия</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">а́рмия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рели́гия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пози́ция</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ко́пия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экску́рсия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">экспеди́ция</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">катего́рия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">коми́ссия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поли́ция</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">профе́ссия</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">галере́я</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ми́ссия</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth. Я then represents the vowel a.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0031-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ВА́НЯ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ня́ня</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Та́ня</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бо́ря</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ля́ля</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ко́ля</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ба́ня</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дя́дя</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Га́ля</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ю ю</em></span></td><td>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>Ю at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is pronounced yoo.</p><p>At the beginning of a word:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юг</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ю́рта</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ю́рий</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ю́мор</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юри́ст</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ювели́р</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ю́ноша</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юбиле́й</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юсти́ция</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In a vowel cluster:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каю́та</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сою́з</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth. Ю then represents the vowel y.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0033-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">РЮКЗА́К</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нюа́нс</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюдже́т</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пюре́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюро́</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюрокра́т</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дю́на</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">меню́</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">утю́г</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">люкс</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бюст</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюже́т</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">костю́м</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Е е</em></span></td><td>a vowel, like Я and Ю also has two pronunciations. In printed texts other than textbooks the two dots are not indicated. You must be told when to pronounce ё (which is always stressed) and when to pronounce e.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>E at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is pronounced yo.</p><p>At the beginning of a word:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0034-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ЁЛКА</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ёж</em></span></p><p>in a vowel cluster:</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">моё</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">твоё</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">её</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>After a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth. Ё then represents the vowel o.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="100%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0035-1.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ШОФЁР</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тётя</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">манёвр</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">берёза</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зелёный</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сестры</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лёд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">свёкла</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мёд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сёмга</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">счёт</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ь</em></span></td><td>The symbol <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ь</em></span> has no sound value. It indicates that the preceding consonant is palatalized. It is most often found at the end of Russian words and signals that these words are pronounced with the final consonant palatalized ("softened"). For this reason it is referred to as the "soft sign".</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0036-1.png"></span></td><td align="center"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/FSI-0036-2.png"></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">МЕДА́ЛЬ</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">АВТОМОБИ́ЛЬ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мать</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дека́брь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">апре́ль</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">соль</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">конь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">князь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">портфе́ль</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночь</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оте́ль</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">календа́рь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дробь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">царь</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ноль</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">секрета́рь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">моде́ль</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фильм</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сеть</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пять</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бульва́р</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кремль</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="19%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="81%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ъ</em></span></td><td>The symbol ъ also has no sound value. It is found within words and is used to separate the prefix from the root of the word when the prefix ends in a consonant and the root of the word begins with one of the following vowels: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я, Ю, E, E</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Practice reading the following words:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">объе́зд</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">подъём</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">подъе́зд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">объе́кт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">съезд</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">въезд</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">субъе́кт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">объём</em></span></td><td align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e2600"></a>2.1. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №1.</h3></div></div></div><p>Read through the following list of places you might want to visit.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ка́сса</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кино́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">теа́тр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стадио́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шко́ла</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">цирк</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">магази́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рестора́н</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кремль</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">парк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мавзоле́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">университе́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фе́рма</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зоопа́рк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">банк</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">музе́й</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">галере́я</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">планета́рий</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">буфе́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бар</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">храм</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы́ставка</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я́лта</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">консервато́рия</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e2702"></a>2.2. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №2.</h3></div></div></div><p>Draw a line between the words which are logically related to each other.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">футбо́л</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Толсто́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">меню́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стадио́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зоопа́рк</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фильм</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кино́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рестора́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">"<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А́нна Каре́нина</em></span>"</td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">медицин́а</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">литр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бензи́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кафе́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жира́ф</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">газе́та</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">университе́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">орке́стр</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фе́рма</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ка́сса</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">конце́рт</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гастроно́м</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стюарде́сса</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Аэрофло́т</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">биле́т</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">до́ктор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ко́фе</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">студе́нт</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пра́вда</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тра́ктор</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">магази́н</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e2819"></a>2.3. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №3.</h3></div></div></div><p>Unscramble the following words. Use the answers below for help.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="32%" class="c1"><col width="68%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юмне</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нмдиоа</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">aсack</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">еофк</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">толфэаро</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тбуеф</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иреениусвтт</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">amoвck</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ягаелре</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рсотппа</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ральбву</em></span></td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Answers:</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ка́сса</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">па́спорт</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ко́фе</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">университе́т</em></span>,<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> галере́я</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">меню́</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">буфе́т</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Дина́мо</em></span>,<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> Аэрофло́т</em></span>,<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> бульва́р</em></span>.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e2923"></a>2.4. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №4.</h3></div></div></div><p>Make as many Russian words as you can using each letter only once. Start each word with one of the capitalized letters.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>К</strong></span>ефютро<span class="bold"><strong>Ф</strong></span>обфо<span class="bold"><strong>Б</strong></span>о<span class="bold"><strong>С</strong></span>зло<span class="bold"><strong>Ф</strong></span>оуют</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Ф<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>К<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Ф<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Б<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>С<em class="replaceable"><code>---</code></em></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e2972"></a>2.5. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №5.</h3></div></div></div><p>This is a listening comprehension exercise. Number the words according to the sequence in which your teacher will read them aloud.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">музе́й</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гастроно́м</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">а́рмия</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">газе́та</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гита́ра</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кафе́</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">журна́л</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дя́дя</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">штат</em></span></td><td align="center"><em class="replaceable"><code>_____</code></em></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сою́з</em></span></td><td align="center">-----</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s01.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch01.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch01s03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">1. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сский алфави́т</em></span> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 3. 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