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- <title>2. Росси́я и ка́рта ми́ра.</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="html.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. Lesson 2"><link rel="prev" href="ch02s01.html" title="1. Добро́ пожа́ловать в Росси́ю! Welcome to Russia!"><link rel="next" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. Lesson 3"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">2. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я и ка́рта ми́ра</em></span>.</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s01.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2. Lesson 2</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e6367"></a>2. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я и ка́рта ми́ра</em></span>.</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e6372"></a>2.1. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №1.</h3></div></div></div><p>Russia shares common borders with 14 different countries. They are listed here for you to read in Russian. After reading this list, see if you can find them on a map. Which of these are former republics of the Soviet Union?</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="34%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Норве́гия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">По́льша</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Казахста́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Финля́ндия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Белору́ссия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кита́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Эсто́ния</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Украи́на</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Монго́лия</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ла́твия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гру́зия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Се́верная Коре́я</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Литва́</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азербайджа́н</em></span></td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Russia also borders on several large bodies of water. They are listed below:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Балти́йское море</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Се́верный Ледови́тый океа́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Фи́нский зали́в</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ти́хий океа́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Чёрное мо́ре</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Япо́нское мо́ре</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азо́вское мо́ре</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Охо́тское мо́ре</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Каспи́йское мо́ре</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бе́рингово мо́ре</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e6473"></a>2.2. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №2.</h3></div></div></div><p>Using the compass points below, tell your instructor where the 14 nations and the bodies of water are located:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>in the north</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на се́вере</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>in the south</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на юге</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>in the west</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на за́паде</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>in the east</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на восто́ке</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-2.png" align="middle"></div><p>Russia is divided into a number of distinct areas, based on the geographic features of each region. Some of the most common of these are:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Центра́льный район</em></span></td><td>Central (region) Russia</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ура́л</em></span></td><td>Ural Mountains</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пово́лжье</em></span></td><td>Volga River Valley</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сиби́рь</em></span></td><td>Siberia</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да́льний Восто́к</em></span></td><td>Far East</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The following cities are located in these geographic areas:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="6%" class="c1"><col width="47%" class="c2"><col width="47%" class="c3"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ в Центра́льном райо́не.</em></span></td><td>Moscow is in Central Russia.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Екатеринбу́рг на Ура́ле</em></span></td><td>Yekaterinburg is in the Urals.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Волгогра́д в Пово́лжье.</em></span></td><td>Volgograd is in the Volga River Valley.</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Новосиби́рск в Сиби́ри.</em></span></td><td>Novosibirsk is in Siberia.</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Владивосто́к на Да́льнем Восто́ке.</em></span></td><td>Vladivostok is in the Far East.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>See if you can locate these cities on the map shown here.</p><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="531"><tr><td align="center"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-3.png" align="middle" width="531"></td></tr></table></div><p>After August 1991, the names of many Russian cities were changed:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Present</th><th>Former</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Санкт-Петербу́рг</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ленингра́д</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ни́жний Но́вгород</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Го́рький</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Екатеринбу́рг</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Свердло́вск</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тверь</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кали́нин</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Се́ргиев Поса́д</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Заго́рск</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The same is true of numerous locations and landmarks in Moscow and other Russian cities:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Present</th><th>Former</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тверска́я</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́лица Го́рького</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нови́нский бульва́р</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́лица Чайко́вского</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Театра́льная пло́щадь</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пло́щадь Свердло́ва</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Лубя́нская пло́щадь</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пло́щадь Дзержи́нского</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мане́жная пло́щадь</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пло́щадь 50-ле́тия Октября́</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>But "Red Square" is still Red Square!</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кра́сная пло́щадь</em></span></strong></span> has been called <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кра́сная</em></span></strong></span> (red) since the second half of the 17th century. The square was constructed towards the end of the 15th century (around the time of Columbus' discovery of America) when Tsar Ivan the Great <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ива́н Вели́кий</em></span></strong></span> was building the magnificent cathedrals of the Kremlin <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кремль</em></span></strong></span>, that walled fortress which was the heart of the city's defenses. Every major city in Russia would have had a Kremlin, but the Moscow one is by far the most famous.</p><p>The square was first called <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Торг</em></span></strong></span> (Trading Place) and was the site for some very lively commerce. Later, in the 16th century, it became known as<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тро́ицкая</em></span></strong></span> (Trinity Square) in honor of the Trinity Cathedral which stood at the southern end of the square. In 1571 the square was renamed <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пожа́р</em></span></strong></span> (The Fire) after the great fire of that year. Finally, the square was named <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кра́сная</em></span></strong></span> when it was cleared of all the trading stalls at the end of the 17th century. At that time the word <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кра́сный</em></span></strong></span>(red) meant <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">краси́вый</em></span></strong></span> (beautiful), and had nothing to do with the red brick of the Kremlin wall which runs along one of its sides.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="461"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-4.png" width="461"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e6742"></a>2.3. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №3.</h3></div></div></div><p>Listen to the sentences your instructor will read aloud and write down in English any place names you recognize</p><p>1. ____________________</p><p>2. ____________________</p><p>3. ____________________</p><p>4. ____________________</p><p>5. ____________________</p><p>6. ____________________</p><p>7. ____________________</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e6763"></a>2.4. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №4.</h3></div></div></div><p>Listen to the statements your instructor will read aloud and indicate whether they are true (T) or false (F)</p><div class="informaltable"><table frame="void"><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><tbody><tr><td>1. ____________________</td><td>4. ____________________</td><td>7. ____________________</td></tr><tr><td>2. ____________________</td><td>5. ____________________</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3. ____________________</td><td>6. ____________________</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e6794"></a>2.5. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №5.</h3></div></div></div><p>Practice writing place names in Russian as your instructor reads them aloud. He/she will read each one twice and then will write them on the board so that you can check your work.</p><p>1. ____________________</p><p>2. ____________________</p><p>3.. ____________________</p><p>4. ____________________</p><p>5. ____________________</p><p>6. ____________________</p><p>7. ____________________</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e6816"></a>2.6. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №6.</h3></div></div></div><p>Answer the following questions according to the model.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%"><col width="4cm"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td>Instructor:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ - столи́ца Росси́и</em></span>?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Student:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да, Москва́ - столи́ца Росси́и.</em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">О́сло - столи́ца Норве́гии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Хе́льсинки - столи́ца Финля́ндии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пари́ж - столи́ца Фра́нции?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бонн - столи́ца Герма́нии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Варша́ва - столи́ца По́льши</em></span>?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Отта́ва - столи́ца Кана́ды?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вашингто́н - столи́ца Аме́рики?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ло́ндон - столи́ца А́нглии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мадри́д - столи́ца Испа́нии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Рим - столи́ца Ита́лии?</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e6882"></a>2.7. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №7.</h3></div></div></div><p>Answer the questions truthfully, according to the models:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="26%" class="c1"><col width="74%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>Instructor:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пари́ж - столи́ца Фра́нции?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Student:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да, Пари́ж - столи́ца Фра́нции.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Instructor:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Анкара́ - столи́ца И́ндии?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Student:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет, Но́вый Де́ли - столи́ца И́ндии.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">То́кио - столи́ца Кита́я?</em></span> (<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пекин</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мани́ла - столи́ца Филиппи́н?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мадра́с - столи́ца И́ндии?</em></span> (<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Но́вый Де́ли</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Анка́ра - столи́ца Ира́на?</em></span> (<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тегера́н</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ло́ндон - столи́ца А́нглии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Стокго́льм - столи́ца Шве́ции?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Афи́ны - столи́ца Гре́ции?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Канбе́рра - столи́ца А́встрии? </em></span>(<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ве́на</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Каи́р - столи́ца Еги́пта?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Адди́с-Абе́ба - столи́ца Эфио́пии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тель-Ави́в - столи́ца Изра́иля?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Р<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">им - столи́ца Ита́пии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мадри́д - столи́ца Португа́лии?</em></span> (<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Лиссабо́н</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гава́на - столи́ца Ку́бы?</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e6996"></a>2.8. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №8: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й</em></span>?</h3></div></div></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й</em></span>? is the question word which asks: "Which?". Listen carefully as your instructor asks:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й го́род столи́ца А́нглии?</em></span></strong></span></p><p>Which city is the capital of England?</p><p>You'll answer:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ло́ндон</em></span>.</strong></span></p><p>Continue, using the cities and countries given in Exercise 7. See how many you might be able to add on your own.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7024"></a>2.9. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №9: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что</em></span>? <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что</em></span> <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">э́то</em></span>?</h3></div></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что э́то?</em></span></strong></span> asks "What is this? What is that?" When answering, you'll begin your answer with <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Э́то</strong></span></em></span>... This is/That is...</p><p>Now your instructor will point to various cities on the map and will ask:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что э́то?</em></span></strong></span> What is this? (pointing to Moscow)</p><p>You'll answer by naming the city, using this model:</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Э́то Москва</strong></span>́.</em></span> That is Moscow.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7063"></a>2.10. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №10:<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> где?</em></span> <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот</em></span>.</h3></div></div></div><p>Answer the following questions substituting the appropriate pronoun for the noun.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>Instructor</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Москва́?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Ло́ндон?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Чёрное мо́ре?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Student</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот она́.</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот он.</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот оно́.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" frame="void" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span class="bold"><strong>A.</strong></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong>В.</strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Ло́ндон?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Пра́га?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Пари́ж?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Тира́на?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Санкт-Петербу́рг?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Москва́?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Берли́н?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Софи́я?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Мадри́д?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Варша́ва?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Рим?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Ве́на?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Вашингто́н?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Братисла́ва?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где го́род То́кио?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Я́лта?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где го́род О́сло?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Гаа́га?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span class="bold"><strong>С.</strong></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong>D.</strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Росси́я?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Каспи́йское мо́ре?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Кана́да?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Чёрное мо́ре?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Япо́ния?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где о́зеро Байка́л?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Эфио́пия?</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Балти́йское мо́ре?</em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7212"></a>2.11. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №11.</h3></div></div></div><p>Take a look at the following advertisements. Pick out all words which are familiar to you. Any guesses as to what the ads are all about? Ask your instructor if you need help.</p><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="602"><tr><td align="center"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-5.png" align="middle" width="602"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7223"></a>2.12. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №12.</h3></div></div></div><p>Your instructor wants you to show where various places are on the map. He/she will ask you:</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те</em></span>...</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Во́лгу.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Сиби́рь.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Ти́хий океа́н.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Фи́нский зали́в.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Каспи́йское мо́ре.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Се́верный Ледови́тый океа́н.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Чёрное мо́ре.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7263"></a>2.13. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №13.</h3></div></div></div><p>Read through this list of Russian cities and sort them according to the regions</p><p>in the table below. Use the map, or ask your instructor for help.</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ирку́тск</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Владивосто́к</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Хаба́ровск</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пермь</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сама́ра</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Челя́бинск</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва</em></span>́, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Но́вгород</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Екатеринбу́рг</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Петропа́вловск</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Оренбу́рг</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тверь</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Красноя́рск</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кострома</em></span>́, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Новосиби́рск</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Влади́мир</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сара́тов</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Яросла́вль</em></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" frame="box" width="100%"><col width="30%"><col width="70%"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сиби́рь</em></span></td><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да́льний Восто́к</em></span></td><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пово́лжье</em></span></td><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ура́л</em></span></td><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Центра́льный райо́н</em></span></td><td></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7355"></a>2.14. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кли́мат Росси́и. Пого́да.</em></span></h3></div></div></div><p></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я больша́я страна́.</em></span></td><td>Russia is a large country.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кли́мат Росси́и разнообра́зный:на Кра́йнем Се́вере - аркти́ческий.</em></span></td><td>The climate of Russia is varied:in the Far North - arctic.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На ю́ге, в Со́чи -субтропи́ческий.</em></span></td><td>In the south, in Sochi - subtropical.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В европе́йской ча́сти Росси́и и в Сиби́ри кли́мат уме́ренный, континента́льный.</em></span></td><td>In the European part of Russia and in Siberia the climate is moderate, continental.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На за́паде - мя́гкий, на восто́ке и се́веро-восто́ке -о́чень холо́дный и суро́вый.</em></span></td><td>In the west it is mild and in the east and northeast - very cold and severe.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На Да́льнем Восто́ке кли́мат морско́й.</em></span></td><td>In the Far East the climate is maritime.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7400"></a>2.15. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №14.</h3></div></div></div><p>Examine the weather forecasts below and:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a. read the names of the cities and the legend (explanation of symbols).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>b. tell where it is sunny <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">со́лнечно</em></span></strong></span>, overcast <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́блачно</em></span></strong></span>, raining <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дождь</em></span></strong></span> or snowing <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">снег</em></span></strong></span>.</p></li></ul></div><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-6.png" align="middle"></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7434"></a>2.16. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я и Бли́жнее Зарубе́жье.</em></span> Russia and the Newly Independent States of Eurasia</h3></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="26%" class="c1"><col width="74%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ - столи́ца России.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Росси́и живу́т ру́сские.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Украи́на</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Киев - столи́ца Украи́ны.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Украи́не живу́т украи́нцы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ла́твия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ри́га - столи́ца Ла́твии. </em></span> <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Ла́твии живу́т латыши́</em></span>́́́́.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Литва́</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ви́льнюс - столи́ца Литвы́.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Литве́ живу́т лито́вцы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Эсто́ния</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Та́ллин - столи́ца Эсто́нии.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Эсто́нии живу́т эсто́нцы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Молда́вия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кишинёв - столи́ца Молда́вии.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Молда́вии живу́т молдава́не.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Белору́ссия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Минск - столи́ца Белору́ссии.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Белору́ссии живу́т белору́сы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гру́зия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тбилиси - столи́ца Гру́зии.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Груз́ии живу́т грузи́ны.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Арме́ния</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ерева́н - столи́ца Арме́нии.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Арме́нии живу́т армя́не.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азербайджа́н</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Баку́ - столи́ца Азербайджа́на.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Азербайджа́не живу́т азербайджа́нцы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Узбекиста́н</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ташке́нт - столи́ца Узбекиста́на.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Узбекиста́не живу́т узбе́ки.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Казахста́н</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Алма́-Ата́ - столи́ца Казахста́на. В Казахста́не живу́т каза́хи.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Туркме́ния</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ашхаба́д - столи́ца Туркме́нии.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Туркме́нии живу́т туркме́ны.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таджикиста́н</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Душанбе́ - столи́ца Таджикиста́на.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Таджикиста́не живу́т таджи́ки.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кирги́зия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бишке́к - столи́ца Кирги́зии.</em></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Кирги́зии живу́т кирги́зы.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7595"></a>2.17. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №15.</h3></div></div></div><p>Fill in the blanks, orally.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1.06*"><col width="1.0*"><tr valign="top"><td>1. ____________________</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца Белору́ссии.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>2. ____________________</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца Гру́зии.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>3. ____________________</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца Кирги́зии.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>4. ____________________</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца Туркме́нии.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>5. ____________________</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца Литвы́.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>6. ____________________</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца Украи́ны.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>7. ____________________</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца Узбекиста́на.</em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7647"></a>2.18. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №16.</h3></div></div></div><p>Fill in the blanks, orally.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td>1. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Арме́нии живу́т</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="top"><td align="left">2. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Азербайджа́не живу́т</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>3. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Молда́вии живу́т</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="top"><td>4. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Эсто́нии живу́т</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="top"><td>5. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Таджикиста́не живу́т</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>6. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Казахста́не живу́т</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>7. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Ла́твии живу́т</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7711"></a>2.19. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №17.</h3></div></div></div><p>Answer the following questions according the models:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="4cm"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Instructor:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таджи́ки живу́т в Таджикиста́не?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Student:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да, они́ живу́т в Таджикиста́не.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Instructor:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Эсто́нцы живу́т в Ла́твии?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Student:</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет, они́ живу́т в Эсто́нии.</em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1.0cm"><col width="1.0*"><col width="1.02*"><tr valign="top"><td align="right">1.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сские живу́т в Росси́и?</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="right">2.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Грузи́ны живу́т в Гру́зии?</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="right">3.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Каза́хи живу́т в Казахста́не?</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="right">4.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Молдава́не живу́т в Белору́ссии?</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="right">5.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Узбе́ки живу́т в Ла́твии?</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="right">6.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Туркме́ны живу́т в Кирги́зии?</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="right">7.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азербайджа́нцы живу́т в Литве́?</em></span></td><td>____________________</td></tr></table></div><p>Of course, as you well know, the Newly Independent States are home to many nationalities. The above exercise, and the ones following, in no way suggest that these new countries have entirely homogeneous populations.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7808"></a>2.20. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №18.</h3></div></div></div><p>Using the map, indicate the home countries of the given nationalities.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т укра́инцы.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т узбе́ки.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т армя́не.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т ру́сские.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т белору́сы.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т лито́вцы.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7840"></a>2.21. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №19.</h3></div></div></div><p>Using the map, indicate the capitals of the following countries:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Казахста́на.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Молда́вии.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Туркме́нии.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Украи́ны.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Росси́и.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Арме́нии.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7872"></a>2.22. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №20.</h3></div></div></div><p>Listen to the following statements your instructor will read aloud. Indicate whether they are true (<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пра́вильно</em></span></strong></span>) or false (<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">непра́вильно</em></span></strong></span>):</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Кирги́зии живу́т кирги́зы?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таджи́ки живу́т в Таджикиста́не?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Узбекиста́не живу́т узбе́ки?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сские живу́т в Азербайджа́не?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Эсто́нии живу́т каза́хи?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Латыши́ живу́т в Ла́твии?</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e7913"></a>2.23. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №21.</h3></div></div></div><p>Match the countries with their capitals.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Эсто́ния</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ерева́н</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таджикиста́н</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ри́га</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Минск</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Казахста́н</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тбили́си</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Литва́</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бишке́к</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гру́зия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ки́ев</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Туркме́ния</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ви́льнюс</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Молда́вия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ла́твия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Душанбе́</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Узбекиста́н</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ашхаба́д</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Арме́ния</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кишинёв</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Украи́на</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Та́ллин</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азербайджа́н</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Баку́</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Белору́ссия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Алма́-ата́</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кирги́зия</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ташке́нт</em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e8029"></a>2.24. In case you were wondering</h3></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8032"></a>2.24.1. A. Cases</h4></div></div></div><p>Russian is an <span class="italic">inflected </span>language which simply means that nouns (and their modifiers) will change their shape to indicate a change of function within the sentence. A noun may function as a <span class="bold"><strong>subject</strong></span>, an <span class="bold"><strong>indirect object</strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong>direct object</strong></span> or the <span class="bold"><strong>object of a preposition</strong></span>. In each instance it will change its ending to inform you of its particular role.</p><p>Each of these functions is indicated by a set of endings (1 each for each of the genders and 1 for plural), which are grouped into CASES:</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%"><col width="40%"><col width="60%"><tr valign="top"><td>1. Nominative</td><td>names the subject (who? what?)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>2. Genitive</td><td>shows possession (whose?)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>3. Dative</td><td>indicates the indirect object, recipient of the action (to whom? to what?)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>4. Accusative</td><td>indicates the direct object (whom? what?)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>5. Instrumental</td><td>indicates instrument or means; or accompaniment (how? with what? with whom?)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>6. Locative/Prepositional</td><td>shows location (where?); indicates the object of the preposition (about whom? about what?)</td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8087"></a>2.24.2. B. Gender of Russian nouns</h4></div></div></div><p>All Russian nouns belong to one of three <span class="italic">grammatical </span><span class="bold"><strong>genders: </strong></span><span class="bold"><strong>masculine, neuter </strong></span>or <span class="bold"><strong>feminine. </strong></span>Do not confuse <span class="bold"><strong>gender </strong></span>with <span class="bold"><strong>sex; </strong></span>the word for table in Russian is a <span class="bold"><strong>masculine gender </strong></span>noun, but there's nothing <span class="italic">male </span>about the object; book in Russian is a <span class="bold"><strong>feminine gender </strong></span>noun, but there's nothing inherently <span class="italic">female </span>about it. However, nouns referring to male beings will (usually) be masculine gender; those referring to female beings will be feminine gender.</p><p>In most cases, the gender of the noun can be determined by its ending. The table below illustrates this:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr align="center" valign="top"><td><span class="bold"><strong>MASCULINE</strong></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong>NEUTER</strong></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong>FEMININE</strong></span></td></tr><tr align="center" valign="top"><td>end in a consonant or<span class="bold"><strong>-b</strong></span></td><td>end in -<span class="bold"><strong>о</strong></span> or -<span class="bold"><strong>е</strong></span></td><td>end in -<span class="bold"><strong>а</strong></span>, -<span class="bold"><strong>я</strong></span> or -<span class="bold"><strong>ь</strong></span></td></tr><tr align="center" valign="top"><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">па́спорт</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">автомоби́ль</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">портфе́ль</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́зеро</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мо́ре</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пальто́</em></span>́</p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ви́за</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фами́лия</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сиби́рь</em></span></p></td></tr><tr align="center" valign="top"><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно́</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она́</em></span></strong></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8204"></a>2.24.3. C. Adjectives.</h4></div></div></div><p>Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number and case. This means that when a singular feminine noun is in the nominative case (the subject of the sentence), the adjective that describes that noun must be nominative, singular, feminine. Since the noun and adjective do not necessarily stand together in the sentence, agreement is especially important. Agreement in the nominative may look like this:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OН</em></span></strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО́</em></span></strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></strong></span></td></tr><tr align="center" valign="top"><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вый дом</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́ший студе́нт</em></span></p></td><td align="left"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое зда́ние</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́шее вино́</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вая кварти́ра</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́шая студе́нтка</em></span></p></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></strong></span></td></tr><tr align="center" valign="top"><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые дома́</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́шие студе́нты</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые зда́ния</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́шие ви́на</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые кварти́ры</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́шие студе́нтки</em></span></p></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8287"></a>2.24.4. D. Personal pronouns.</h4></div></div></div><p>Russian uses pronouns in much the same way English does; they take the place of, or refer back to nouns. The table below shows the correspondence between Russian and English pronouns:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="3cm"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я</em></span></td><td align="left">I</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></td><td align="left">you (sing, and informal)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он</em></span>/<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она́</em></span>/<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно́</em></span></td><td align="left">he/she/it</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы</em></span></td><td align="left">we</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></td><td align="left">you (pi. and formal)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́</em></span></td><td align="left">they</td></tr></table></div></div><p>As you can see by this table, Russian has two pronouns for the second person you. <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ты</em></span></strong></span> is informal and singular; <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span> is formal and/or plural. (See the comments on <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> and<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span> in Lesson 3).</p><p>As in English, Russian pronouns change form as their function changes in the sentence. Take a look at the following sentences:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>I know you.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>You know me.</strong></span></p><p>I changes to me when it switches from the role of subject to the role of object.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я зна́ю вас.</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы зна́ете меня́.</em></span></strong></span></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8374"></a>2.24.5. E. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вот</em></span></h4></div></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот</em></span></strong></span>is used in Russian in the sense of "Here is..." when pointing to something or someone. For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Где бага́ж?</em></span></td><td>Where's the luggage?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Вот он.</em></span></td><td>Неге it is.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Где Ли́нда?</em></span></td><td>Where's Linda?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Вот она́.</em></span></td><td>Here she is.</td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8412"></a>2.24.6. F. Why do verbs have different forms?</h4></div></div></div><p></p><p>The verb<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span></strong></span> [to live] appears in two forms in this lesson: <span class="bold"><strong>(<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он</em></span>/<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она</em></span>) </strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">живёт</em></span></strong></span>and <span class="bold"><strong>(<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́</em></span>) <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">живу́т</em></span>. </strong></span>Verbs in Russian, as in English, agree with their subjects in terms of person (I, you, he/she, we, they) and number (He <span class="italic">lives, </span>vs They <span class="italic">live.). </span>The two forms indicated here are for a singular subject and a plural subject, respectively.</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он живёт в Москве́.</em></span></td><td>Не lives in Moscow.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́ живёт в Ки́еве.</em></span></td><td>She lives in Kiev.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Они́ живу́т в Аме́рике.</em></span></td><td>They live in America.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто живёт в Украи́не?</em></span></td><td>Who lives in Ukraine?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Украи́не живу́т украи́нцы.</em></span></td><td>Ukrainians live in Ukraine.</td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8484"></a>2.24.7. G. The verb <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span> (present tense)</h4></div></div></div><p>Here is the verb <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span></strong></span>in all forms of the present tense:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="4cm"><col width="4cm"><tr align="center"><td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span> / to live</strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я живу́</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы живём</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты живёшь</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы живёте</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он живёт</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они живу́т</em></span></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8527"></a>2.24.8. Н. The question word <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">какой</em></span></h4></div></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́е</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кака́я</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каки́е</em></span> </strong></span>is a question word which asks: «Which?» or «What kind of? ...» It is an adjective and will agree in gender, number and case with the word it modifies. The first three forms shown here are the masculine, neuter and feminine forms, respectively. The fourth is the plural. Compare these forms to those of the adjectives in the table on page 29.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr align="center" valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OH</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OHÓ</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></td></tr><tr align="center" valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́й</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́е</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кака́я</em></span></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каки́е</em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d0e8578"></a>2.24.9. Nominative Case</h4></div></div></div><p>The nominative case is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. It is also used for other nouns in the sentence which give more information about the subject. As it is the dictionary form for nouns and adjectives, you should memorize nouns and adjectives in their nominative case forms.</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду́ в теа́тр.</em></span></td><td>I am going to the theater.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кни́га на столе́.</em></span></td><td>The book is on the table.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот дом.</em></span></td><td>There is the house.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то моя́ ру́чка.</em></span></td><td>This is my pen.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой брат - инжене́р.</em></span></td><td>My brother is an engineer.</td></tr><tr align="left"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В институ́те рабо́тают америка́нские фи́зики.</em></span></td><td>American physicists work in the institute.</td></tr></table></div></div><p>Because Russian has cases, word order in a sentence is less important than it is in English. The subject [that noun plus its modifiers in the nominative case] can come at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence. Knowing the nominative case endings for nouns and adjectives will help you find the subject of the sentence more quickly.</p><p>Adjectives are linked to their nouns by their endings. The adjective may stand in front of, after, or at a distance from the noun it modifies. You can always find the adjective which modifies a noun by looking for the one whose ending matches in gender, number, and case that of the noun.</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то Бе́л<span class="bold"><strong>ый</strong></span> дом.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́ учи́тельниц<span class="bold"><strong>а</strong></span> хоро́ш<span class="bold"><strong>ая</strong></span>, о́пытн<span class="bold"><strong>ая</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сск<span class="bold"><strong>ий</strong></span> язы́к о́чень интере́сн<span class="bold"><strong>ый</strong></span>, но тру́дн<span class="bold"><strong>ый</strong></span>.</em></span></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e8657"></a>2.25. Useful words and expressions</h3></div></div></div><div class="table"><a name="d0e8660"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 2.1. Useful words and expressions</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Useful words and expressions" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span></td><td>in, inside</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">восто́к; на восто́ке</em></span></td><td>east; in the east</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вот</em></span></td><td>here</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где?</em></span></td><td>Where?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">го́род</em></span></td><td>city, town</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Добро́ пожа́ловать!</em></span></td><td>Welcome</td></tr><tr><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span></p><p>(<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я живу</em></span>́, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы живёте</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они живу́т</em></span>)</p></td><td>to live</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">за́пад</em></span>; <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на за́паде</em></span></td><td>west; in the west</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́й</em></span>/<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́е</em></span>/<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кака́я</em></span>/<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каки́е</em></span></td><td>what kind of; which; which one(s)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></td><td>who</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто э́то?</em></span></td><td>Who is that?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span></td><td>on; at; in</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она</em></span>́, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно́</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́</em></span></td><td>he; she; it; they</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те</em></span>...</td><td>Show...</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пого́да</em></span></td><td>weather</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">се́вер</em></span>; <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на се́вере</em></span></td><td>north; in the north</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца</em></span></td><td>capital</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">что</em></span></td><td>what</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что э́то?</em></span></td><td>What is that/this</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">э́то</em></span></td><td>this/that</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юг</em></span>;<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> на ю́ге</em></span></td><td>south; in the south</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s01.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch02.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">1. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Добро́ пожа́ловать в Росси́ю</em></span>! Welcome to Russia! </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 3. Lesson 3</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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