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- <title>11. The Russian intonation system</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="html.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. Lesson 3"><link rel="prev" href="ch03s10.html" title="10. In case you were wondering"><link rel="next" href="ch03s12.html" title="12. Useful words and expressions"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">11. The Russian intonation system</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s10.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 3. Lesson 3</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s12.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e11193"></a>11. The Russian intonation system</h2></div></div></div><p>Much in the same way as English does, Russian uses a system of rising and falling intonations within a sentence to indicate that it is: a declarative statement, a question or an exclamation. Examine the following English sentences. Note their punctuation and attempt to read them with the proper intonation:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard?</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard!</strong></span></p><p>Now listen as your instructor reads this set of similar sentences in Russian. Note where the "center" of intonation is (always on the word in question or a question word, in a question), and the rise and fall of the voice:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила МГУ.</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила МГУ?</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила МГУ!</em></span></strong></span></p><p>The Russian intonation patterns have been organized into a system which refers to them as "intonation constructions" or "ИК". There are 5 basic patterns:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-1. </b>for declarative sentences, statements. The tone is even,with a slight falling off at the end. Often this intonation is perceived by speakers of English as "boring", but you should resist the temptation to "jazz it up".</p><p>For example:</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя́ фами́лия Моро́зов. Меня́ зову́т Никола́й Петро́вич. Э́то моя́ жена́. Её зову́т Екатери́на Васи́льевна. Мы москвичи́. Мы живём в Москве́.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-2. </b>for questions containing a question word (<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span> <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как?</em></span></strong></span> <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где?</em></span></strong></span> <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</em></span></strong></span>, etc.). The intonation rises on the question word and then drops and levels off for the rest of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто э́то? Что э́то?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как вас зову́т?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где вы живёте? Где вы рабо́таете?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́ вы прие́хали в Москву́?</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-3. </b>for questions which do NOT contain a question word. This pattern is used to turn declarative sentences into questions without changing word order. The intonation rises on the word in question and then drops and levels off for the rest of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы говори́те по-ру́сски? Вы хорошо́ говори́те по-ру́сски?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском посо́льстве?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы давно́ в Москве́?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то ва́ша маши́на?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У вас есть де́ти?</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-4. </b>for "incomplete" questions which are usually prefaced with «A..?». In a dialog, these refer back to a question asked previously. The intonation dips slightly at the beginning of the question, then rises sharply and continues to rise to the end of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Как дела́?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Оч́ень хорошо́, спаси́бо. А у вас? [А как у вас дела́?)</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой сын у́чится в университе́те. А ваш? (Где у́чится ваш сын?)</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ле́том мы пое́дем на Чёрное мо́ре. А вы? (Куда́ вы пое́дете ле́том?)</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-5. </b>for exclamations which may be either sincere or sarcastic, depending on the context. The intonation rises at the beginning of the sentence, levels off, stays high and then drops at the end of the sentence.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="35%"><col width="65%"><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кака́я сего́дня пого́да!</em></span></td><td>(the sun is shining, the sky is blue, the birds are singing...)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кака́я сего́дня пого́да!</em></span></td><td>(it's raining cats and dogs, the wind is howling...)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й у него́ го́лос!</em></span></td><td>(a real Pavarotti!)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й у него́ го́лос!</em></span></td><td>(he couldn't carry a tune in a bushel basket...)</td></tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p>Now close your books and listen carefully as your instructor reads the following sentences aloud. Can you identify which are statements, and which are questions?</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1cm"><col width="394"><tr valign="top"><td align="left">1.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ - столи́ца Росси́и.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>2.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ столи́ца Росси́и?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">3.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском посо́льстве.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">4.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском посол́ьстве?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">5.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Его́ зову́т Евге́ний Петрович.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">6.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Его зовут Евгений Петро́вич?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">7.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У неё дво́е дете́й.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">8.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У неё дво́е дете́й?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>9.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А у вас? Как у вас дела́?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">10</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кака́я интере́сная карти́на!</em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><p>The chart on the next page gives you a visual representation of these intonation constructions.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="10%"><col width="15%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><thead align="center"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="bold"><strong>ик</strong></span></td><td colspan="4">TABLE OF INTONATION CONSTRUCTIONS</td></tr></thead><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-1</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-1.png"></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь.</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь остано́вка.</em></span></p></td><td align="left"><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то пя́тый авто́бус.</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот университе́т.</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-2</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-1.png"></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где он живёт?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Почему́ так?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что эт́о?</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-3</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-1.png"></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Здесь остано́вка?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Э́то пя́тый авто́бус?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́ поёт?</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-4</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-1.png"></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А вы?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А ваш сын?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А пя́тый авто́бус?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А университе́т?</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-5</td><td valign="middle">-------</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как она́ танцу́ет!</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Замеча́тельный го́лос!</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Настоя́щая весна́!</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s10.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch03.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s12.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">10. 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