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- <title>12. The Instrumental Case</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="html.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch08.html" title="Chapter 8. Lesson 8"><link rel="prev" href="ch08s11.html" title="11. Ordinal Numbers"><link rel="next" href="ch08s13.html" title="13. Personal Pronouns"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">12. The Instrumental Case</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s11.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 8. Lesson 8</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s13.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e27185"></a>12. The Instrumental Case</h2></div></div></div><p>Now you have seen all six of the cases in Russian. Like the Genitive, Dative and Accusative cases, the Instrumental may be used both with and without a preposition. Recall that the Nominative is NEVER used with a preposition and the Locative/Prepositional is ALWAYS used with one.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Most often, the Instrumental is used with the preposition "<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">с</em></span></strong></span>" to indicate accompaniment; "with" in English:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хочу́ хлеб с ма́слом.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На заку́ску принеси́те грибы́ со смета́ной.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы обе́даем с друзья́ми.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The Instrumental is also used without a preposition to indicate the means by which something is done (English "with" again), or the manner in which the action is accomplished:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он ест суп ло́жкой.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он говорит гро́мким го́лосом.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The Instrumental is used to answer the question <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span> When? with parts of the day and seasons of the year:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="50%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="50%" align="center" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</em></span></strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́тро</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́тром</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">день</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">днём</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ве́чер</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ве́чером</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночь</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́чью</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">весна́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">весно́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ле́то</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ле́том</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́сень</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́сенью</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зима́</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зимо́й</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>The table below shows the Instrumental Case forms for the singular and plural forms of nouns and adjectives and compares them to the Nominative (N), Genitive (G), Dative (D), Accusative (A) and Locative (L).</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="3%" class="c1"><col width="24%" class="c2"><col width="24%" class="c3"><col width="24%" class="c4"><col width="25%" class="c5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">0H</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вый студе́нт</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вая студе́нтка</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рая кварти́ра</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое кре́сло</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые студе́нты</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вую студе́нтку</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рую кварти́ру</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое кре́сло</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td>G</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого до́ма</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтки</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ры</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого сло́ва</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого кре́сла</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рых костю́мов</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td>L</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вом студе́нте</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́ром до́ме</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вой студе́нтке</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́рой кварти́ре</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в но́вом сло́ве</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́ром кре́сле</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вых студе́нтах</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́рых костю́мах</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вому студе́нту</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рому до́му</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтке</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ре</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вому сло́ву</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рому кре́слу</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтам</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым костю́мам</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td>I</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтом</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым до́мом</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нткой</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́рой</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым сло́вом</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым кре́слом</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтами</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рыми костю́мами</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation 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