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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <chapter version="5.0" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
- xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
- xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
- xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xml:lang="en">
- <title>Lesson 1</title>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ру́сский алфави́т</foreignphrase></title>
- <table colsep="0" frame="none" rowsep="0">
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ру́сский алфави́т</foreignphrase></title>
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">А а</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Р р</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б б</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">С с</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В в</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Т т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Г г</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">У у</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Д д</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ф ф</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Е е</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Х х</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ё ё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц ц</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж ж</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ч ч</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">З з</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш ш</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щ щ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Й й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">К к</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Л л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">М м</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Э э</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Н н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю ю</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">О о</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я я</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">П п</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>The Russian alphabet</title>
- <para>The Russian alphabet "Cyrillic" is named in honor of St. Cyril, a Greek missionary who
- brought the written word to the Slavs in the 9th century. This alphabet, as it exists today,
- consists of 33 letters/symbols: 10 vowel symbols, 20 consonants, 1 semi-vowel and 2 symbols
- with no sound value.</para>
- <para>The following is a presentation of the Cyrillic alphabet "<emphasis role="bold"
- ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кири́ллица</foreignphrase></emphasis>". It consists of
- letters/symbols which:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>resemble Latin letters and represent approximately the same sounds.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-1-1.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-1-2.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-2.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МА́МА</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОМЕ́ТА</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коме́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОТ</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кот</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">А́том</db:foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кака́о</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мо́кко</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Те́ма</db:foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Том</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ме́кка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>resemble Latin letters, but represent different sounds:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="6.0*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Р р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents a trilled or "flapped" r. (Compare it to the double t sound in
- "letter" or the double d sound in "ladder".)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">У у</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound oo.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">С с</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound s.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В в</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound v.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3" colsep="0">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-1.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-2.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-3.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КА́ССА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МЕТРО́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТРА́КТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-5.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КА́КТУС</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МОСКВА́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">метр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">курс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма́сса</db:foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кво́та</db:foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мото́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">текст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">торт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма́ска</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">квас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́рка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ао́рта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ка́рта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́втор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ко́смос</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">теа́тр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арома́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">самова́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">автома́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Н н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound n.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0012-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0012-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">НО́ТА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТАНК</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сена́тор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нерв</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нос</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ветера́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">океа́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мане́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">моме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">но́рма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">но́мер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рестора́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ва́нна</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">НА́ТО</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>look different from Latin letters altogether.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound ее.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0013-1-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0013-1-1-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кио́ск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">риск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мини́стр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">систе́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">три</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рим</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ми́нимум</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кварти́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ви́ски</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арти́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арти́стка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инструме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мину́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университе́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ни́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">интере́с</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">матема́тика</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Л л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound I.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0014-1.png" valign="middle"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/FSI-0014-2.png" width="6cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">СТУЛ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЛИМО́Н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кли́мат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">луна́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мали́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">миллио́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ли́рика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мета́лл</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">план</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рекла́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ле́ксика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литерату́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минера́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туале́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">моле́кула</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">молоко́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Д д</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound d.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РА́ДИО</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ДО́КТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ДОМ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мо́да</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дива́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дра́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кандида́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дире́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ло́ндон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">докуме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадио́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">да́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кана́да</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">демокра́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дикта́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ме́тод</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">драко́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">код</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound b.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0016-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0016-1-2.png" scale="30" valign="middle"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БАНА́Н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БИЛЕ́Т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">банк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бо́стон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бокс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буке́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бланк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бар</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бале́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">блин</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">брат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бори́с</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">баро́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЛА́МПА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПА́СПОРТ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПОРТРЕ́Т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">П п</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound p.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пре́сса</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">план</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патрио́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парла́мент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">темп</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стоп</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">проте́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пиани́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">прое́кт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стоп</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депута́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тра́нспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">о́пера</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">паке́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">плака́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пра́ктика</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">и́мпорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипло́м</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">спорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пара́д</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пу́блика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поли́тика</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents a vowel sound which does not exist in English. This letter will
- never begin a word and is often used to form the plural of nouns.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0018-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РЫ́БА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы́ло</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ка́ссы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ку́рсы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пла́ны</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тури́сты</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ла́мпы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́томы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ры́ба</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">блины́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сын</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студе́нты</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">плака́ты</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Г г</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound g.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТИГР</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ГИТА́РА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОНГРЕ́СС</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПЕНТАГО́Н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Во́лга</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грамм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">о́рган</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">винегре́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грани́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магни́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">га́мма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гол</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аргуме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроно́м</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агре́ссор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">генера́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гру́ппа</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сигна́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">прогре́сс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грот</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грамма́тика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">килогра́мм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">З з</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound z.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ГАЗЕ́ТА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РО́ЗА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЗЕ́БРА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магази́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ба́за</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зени́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зо́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">президе́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ва́за</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоо́лог</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ви́за</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патриоти́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">визи́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">му́за</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">му́зыка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ф ф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound f.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-2-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-2-1-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КАФЕ́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МИКРОФО́Н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТЕЛЕФО́Н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">миф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфе́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фонд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фру́кты</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фина́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ко́фе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фо́сфор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фонта́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фи́рма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фронт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фина́нсы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́фрика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фо́то</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">флаг</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профе́ссор</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фе́рма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фи́зика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">факт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фено́мен</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фо́рма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фра́за</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фигу́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футбо́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж ж</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the zh sound, similar to the V in measure.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0022-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0022-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЖИРА́Ф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЖУРНА́Л</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жена́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жарго́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">желе́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">же́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пирожо́к</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жаке́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журнали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жа́нр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a semi-vowel which represents the sound of "y" as in York.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0023-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0023-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПЛАНЕТА́РИИ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МУЗЕ́Й</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йог</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мавзоле́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йод</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">геро́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йо́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">перестро́йка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">трамва́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бойко́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">X х</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound of the j in the English pronunciation of junta. The best
- way to make this sound is to get your tongue in the position for the к sound, and
- then simply exhale.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry align="center"><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0024-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ХОККЕ́Й</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хро́ника</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хи́мик</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хулига́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ха́ки</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">храм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ха́ос</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хара́ктер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Са́харов</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ху́нта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">те́хник</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хамелео́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меха́ник</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ч ч</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound of "ch", as in cheese.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0025-1-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0025-1-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЧЕК</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЧЕМПИО́Н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чай</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">со́чи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чайко́вский</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">матч</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чика́го</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ростропо́вич</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">да́ча</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Че́хов</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ива́нович</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц ц</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound of the "ts" combination as in the word bets.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0026-1-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0026-1-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЦИРК</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПИ́ЦЦА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">медици́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цеме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цита́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Солжени́цын</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конце́рт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">проце́сс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дисципли́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">при́нцип</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цензу́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">специали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">центр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цили́ндр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цинк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цикл</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш ш</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the "six" sound similar to that of the "s" in sugar.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0027-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ШОКОЛА́́Д</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шрифт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">маши́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шарф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шеф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штамп</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ка́ша</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шу́ба</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">марш</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шимпанзе́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фи́ниш</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шко́ла</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щ щ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>looks like the letter above, except for its little tail. It represents a
- sound similar to the combination shch, as in fresh cheese or the sti combination
- in the word question.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щелку́нчик</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щека́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">борщ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щено́к</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щит</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Э э</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which represents the sound of "e" as in bet. This letter often
- begins words in Russian and is only rarely found within a word.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0028-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0028-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЭСКАЛА́ТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЭЛЕКТРО́Н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">э́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспре́сс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспериме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поэ́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аэрофло́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">э́тика</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эли́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экза́мен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">энтузиа́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгои́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">э́хо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эле́ктрик</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эква́тор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">э́кспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экономи́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я я</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Я at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
- pronounced ya.</para>
- <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0029-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Я́ХТА</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">як</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ярд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я́лта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я́нки</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я́ков</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я́рус</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я́рмарка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>In a vowel cluster:</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0030-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БАТАРЕ́Я</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мари́я</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">опера́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лаборато́рия</db:foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">па́ртия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коме́дия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">колле́кция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ли́ния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тео́рия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">террито́рия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́рмия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рели́гия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пози́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ко́пия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экску́рсия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспеди́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">катего́рия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коми́ссия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поли́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профе́ссия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галере́я</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ми́ссия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It
- is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the
- mouth. Я then represents the vowel a.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0031-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ВА́НЯ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ня́ня</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Та́ня</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бо́ря</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ля́ля</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ко́ля</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ба́ня</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дя́дя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Га́ля</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю ю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ю at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
- pronounced yoo.</para>
- <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юг</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ю́рта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ю́рий</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ю́мор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юри́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ювели́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ю́ноша</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юбиле́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юсти́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>In a vowel cluster:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">каю́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сою́з</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It
- is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the
- mouth. Ю then represents the vowel y.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0033-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РЮКЗА́К</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нюа́нс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюдже́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пюре́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюро́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюрокра́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дю́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меню́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">утю́г</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">люкс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сюже́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">костю́м</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Е е</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>a vowel, like Я and Ю also has two pronunciations. In printed texts other
- than textbooks the two dots are not indicated. You must be told when to pronounce
- ё (which is always stressed) and when to pronounce e.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>E at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
- pronounced yo.</para>
- <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0034-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЁЛКА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ёж</foreignphrase></para>
- <para>in a vowel cluster:</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">моё</foreignphrase></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">твоё</foreignphrase></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">её</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>After a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It is
- pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth.
- Ё then represents the vowel o.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0035-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ШОФЁР</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тётя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">манёвр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">берёза</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зелёный</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сестры</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лёд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">свёкла</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мёд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сёмга</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">счёт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>The symbol <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase> has no sound value.
- It indicates that the preceding consonant is palatalized. It is most often found
- at the end of Russian words and signals that these words are pronounced with the
- final consonant palatalized ("softened"). For this reason it is referred to as the
- "soft sign".</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0036-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0036-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МЕДА́ЛЬ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">АВТОМОБИ́ЛЬ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мать</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дека́брь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">апре́ль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">соль</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">князь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">портфе́ль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ночь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оте́ль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">календа́рь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дробь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">царь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ноль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">секрета́рь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">моде́ль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фильм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сеть</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пять</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бульва́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кремль</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm" align="center"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>The symbol ъ also has no sound value. It is found within words and is used to
- separate the prefix from the root of the word when the prefix ends in a consonant
- and the root of the word begins with one of the following vowels: <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">Я, Ю, E, E</foreignphrase>.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объе́зд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">подъём</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">подъе́зд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объе́кт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">съезд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">въезд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">субъе́кт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объём</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №1.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list of places you might want to visit.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ка́сса</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">теа́тр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадио́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шко́ла</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цирк</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магази́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рестора́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кремль</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мавзоле́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университе́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фе́рма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоопа́рк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">банк</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музе́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галере́я</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">планета́рий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфе́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бар</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">храм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы́ставка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я́лта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Росси́я</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">консервато́рия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №2.</title>
- <para>Draw a line between the words which are logically related to each other.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футбо́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Толсто́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меню́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадио́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоопа́рк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фильм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рестора́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>"<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">А́нна Каре́нина</foreignphrase>"</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">медицин́а</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бензи́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жира́ф</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газе́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университе́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">орке́стр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фе́рма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ка́сса</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конце́рт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гастроно́м</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стюарде́сса</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аэрофло́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">биле́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">до́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ко́фе</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студе́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пра́вда</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тра́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магази́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №3.</title>
- <para>Unscramble the following words. Use the answers below for help.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="5cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юмне</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нмдиоа</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">aсack</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">еофк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">толфэаро</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тбуеф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">иреениусвтт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">amoвck</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ягаелре</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рсотппа</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ральбву</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Answers:</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ка́сса</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >Москва́</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">па́спорт</foreignphrase>,
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ко́фе</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >университе́т</foreignphrase>,<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"> галере́я</foreignphrase>,
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меню́</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >буфе́т</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >Дина́мо</foreignphrase>,<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">
- Аэрофло́т</foreignphrase>,<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"> бульва́р</foreignphrase>.</para>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №4.</title>
- <para>Make as many Russian words as you can using each letter only once. Start each word with
- one of the capitalized letters.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold">К</emphasis>ефютро<emphasis
- role="bold">Ф</emphasis>обфо<emphasis role="bold">Б</emphasis>о<emphasis role="bold"
- >С</emphasis>зло<emphasis role="bold">Ф</emphasis>оуют</foreignphrase></para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ф<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>К<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ф<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>С<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №5.</title>
- <para>This is a listening comprehension exercise. Number the words according to the sequence
- in which your teacher will read them aloud.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музе́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гастроно́м</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́рмия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газе́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гита́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журна́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дя́дя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сою́з</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>-----</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Russian phonetics</title>
- <para>In order to speak Russian well, you must become fully acquainted with the phonetics of the
- language. The task is both a simple and a difficult one as you have already seen, now that you
- know the alphabet well. In this lesson we will work on the basics of Russian pronunciation;
- specifically on the distinctions between "soft" {palatalized) consonants and "hard" ones {non-
- palatalized); how these differences are indicated in the orthography (writing system) and how
- they are manifested in the actual pronunciation of words.</para>
- <formalpara>
- <title>"Hard" and "soft" consonants</title>
- <para>When we say that Russian has 20 consonants, we are referring only to the 20 consonant
- symbols in the alphabet. In reality, Russian has nearly twice that number of consonant
- sounds due to something called "palatalization", or "softening". All this means is that
- certain consonants can be slightly modified by arching your tongue and moving it forward,
- towards the hard palate area (that ridge on the roof of your mouth where your upper teeth
- fit in) while making the consonant sound. The effect is to make the sound "softer" and, in
- terms of pitch, slightly higher. The best mechanism for a good, palatalized consonant sound
- is to SMILE while pronouncing. Try it ~ it really works! Now you know how to make the sound.
- But how will you know when! Consonants which can be palatalized (all of them EXCEPT
- <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ж</foreignphrase></emphasis>, <emphasis
- role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ш</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis
- role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ц</foreignphrase></emphasis>) will be pronounced
- palatalized when you see them followed by:</para>
- </formalpara>
- <para>- the "soft sign"<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></emphasis> (usually at the end of a
- word)</para>
- <para>OR:</para>
- <para>-one of these vowel symbols:<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >е</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ё</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">ю</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">и</foreignphrase></emphasis>
- (called "indicator" vowels)</para>
- <para>The function of these vowel symbols is to indicate that the preceding consonant is
- pronounced in its "soft" variant. The consonant is then followed by the vowel sound: <emphasis
- role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >э</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">о</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">у</foreignphrase></emphasis> or<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></emphasis>.</para>
- <para>When any of the consonants listed above has no "soft sign" following it, or is followed by
- one of these vowel symbols:<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >э</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">о</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">у</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ы</foreignphrase></emphasis>, that consonant will be pronounced in its "hard" variant (no
- smiling allowed!).</para>
- <para><emphasis role="bold">KEEP IN MIND</emphasis>: <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">Ч</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">Щ</foreignphrase></emphasis> are always SOFT, no matter which vowel symbol
- follows them.<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж</foreignphrase></emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold"
- ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold"
- ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц</foreignphrase></emphasis> are always HARD, even if they
- are followed by a "soft sign" or one of the "indicator" vowel symbols.</para>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Practice in Russian phonetics</title>
- <para>Listen carefully as your instructor reads the following pairs aloud. Try to detect the
- (subtle) difference between the "hard" consonant sound (the first in the pair) and the "soft"
- consonant sound. Notice also the differences in the orthography.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">6a</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >би</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">па</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">по</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пи</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ва</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >вя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ве</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">во</foreignphrase> — <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >вё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ву</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >вю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ви</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фа</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фы</foreignphrase> — <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фи</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">да</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >дя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >де</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">до</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >дё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ду</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >дю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ды</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ди</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">та</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >тя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >те</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">то</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >те</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ту</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >тю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ти</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">за</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зи</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">са</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ся</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >се</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">со</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >сё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">су</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >сю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >си</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ла</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ля</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ле</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ло</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >лё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >лю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ли</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ме</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">му</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ми</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ня</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >не</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">но</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >не</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ну</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ню</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ны</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ни</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Listen carefully as your instructor reads the following words aloud. Pay close attention
- to the differences between the "soft" consonants (look for the vowels <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">е</foreignphrase>,
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ё</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ю</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">и</foreignphrase> or the "soft sign"
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase>) and the "hard" ones.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма́сса</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">мя́со</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">па́па</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пять</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на́ша</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ня́ня</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы́ло</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >Ми́ла</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">был</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бил</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма́ма</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мя́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ви́ски</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">вы́ставка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сын</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >си́ний</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">да́та</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >дя́дя</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пыль</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пил</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лук</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >люк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Во́лга</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">О́льга</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рысь</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >рис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пар</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >царь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стол</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >сто́лько</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">брат</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >брать</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нос</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >нёс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дон</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >день</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase>́ - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >Фе́дя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мэр</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ме́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >тигр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Spelling and pronunciation</title>
- <para>In an ideal world, words will be pronounced just as they are written. However, since we do
- not live in an ideal world, we see that the pronunciation of certain words does not always
- correspond to their written representation. This is true not only in Russian, but in numerous
- other languages as well, including English. For example: the о in women is pronounced as i;
- the initial w is not pronounced in write, and the t in action is pronounced as sh.</para>
- <para>Russian has a specific set of rules which govern those instances where spelling and
- pronunciation differ, and if you can master these rules, you will be well on your way to
- acquiring good pronunciation skills in Russian.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>REMEMBER:</entry>
- <entry>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Vowels carry stress and in Russian the stress can fall on any syllable in a
- word.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Russian words have only one stress.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Stress is not part of Russian orthography. However, many teaching materials
- mark stress as an aid in learning.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The way a vowel is pronounced depends on whether it is stressed or not. This
- is a very important rule and we'll discuss it in a little more detail in the
- next section.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Rule 1: the vowels o and a</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>In Russian, the vowels о and a are pronounced as о and a only when they are stressed.
- Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
- instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
- exercise on the tape for this lesson.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">торт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лимо́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патрио́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюро́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">но́рма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жарго́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Во́лга</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зо́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">метро́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кио́ск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ко́фе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">но́мер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>In Russian, the vowels о and a are pronounced as о and a only when they are stressed.
- Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
- instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
- exercise on the tape for this lesson. Now listen and repeat:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конце́рт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кана́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ава́нс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поэ́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коме́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кана́да</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">абсу́рд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рома́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газе́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пентаго́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ао́рта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хокке́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бале́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диплома́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">орке́стр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">проте́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туале́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэропо́рт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">океа́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Толсто́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бана́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроно́м</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оме́га</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>In all other unstressed syllables both vowels <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >о</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase> are pronounced
- like the short, indistinct "a" in tuna. Look at the following words and note the syllable
- which is stressed. Now listen and repeat:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">па́спорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма́ска</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тра́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">га́мма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́том</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">да́ча</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">до́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">самова́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фо́то</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадио́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">э́кспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дина́мо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ло́ндон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">молоко́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хро́ника</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ка́ша</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кли́мат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">маши́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Rule 2: The vowels <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">е</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase></title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>In Russian the vowels e and я are given full pronunciation only when they are
- stressed. Listen as your instructor reads the following words then repeat after him/her.
- You'll also find this exercise on the tape for this lesson.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коме́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дире́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфе́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пять</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я́хта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">те́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">биле́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">портфе́ль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я́блоко</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">семья́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">текст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Че́хов</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фе́рма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ребя́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я́лта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When unstressed these vowels are pronounced as a short i. Listen as your instructor
- reads the following words then repeat after him/her. You'll also find this exercise on the
- tape for this lesson.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">телефо́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">теа́тр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дека́брь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">берёза</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">язы́к</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рестора́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">винегре́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">планета́рий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Япо́нец</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">янва́рь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">но́мер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">календа́рь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галере́я</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Япо́нка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яйцо́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Reading exercises</title>
- <para>Read the following words:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кенту́кки</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гава́йи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Джо́рджия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нева́да</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Луизиа́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Делавэ́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннесо́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Арканза́с</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Иллино́йс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вирджи́ния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссу́ри</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вайо́минг</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пенсильва́ния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэ́риленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Алаба́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Калифо́рния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Небра́ска</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Теннесси́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Ге́мпшир</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Монта́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Виско́нсин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Ме́ксико</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йо́рк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Колора́до</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссисси́пи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Индиа́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Флори́да</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Конне́ктикут</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аризо́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мичига́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингто́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Род-А́йленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аля́ска</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Се́верная Кароли́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Массачу́сетс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю́жная Дакот́а</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю́жная Кароли́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Теха́с</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Се́верная Дако́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">За́падная Вирджи́ния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оклахо́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ога́йо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вермо́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айда́хо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэн</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Дже́рси</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канза́с</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Орего́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">А́йова</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю́кон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Саскачева́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Брита́нская Колу́мбия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Альбе́рта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Бра́нсуик</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Но́вая Шотла́ндия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Квебе́к</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Манито́ба</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">О́стров Принс-Эдуа́рд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Онта́рио</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ньюфа́ундленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Се́веро-За́падные
- террито́рии</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №7.</title>
- <para>Read through the list and circle the thirteen original states of the U.S.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кенту́кки</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гава́йи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Джо́рджия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нева́да</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Луизиа́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Делавэ́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннесо́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Арканза́с</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Иллино́йс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вирджи́ния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссу́ри</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вайо́минг</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пенсильва́ния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэ́риленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Алаба́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Калифо́рния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Небра́ска</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Теннесси́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Ге́мпшир</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Монта́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Виско́нсин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Ме́ксико</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йо́рк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Колора́до</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссисси́пи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Индиа́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Флори́да</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Конне́ктикут</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аризо́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мичига́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингто́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Род-А́йленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аля́ска</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Се́верная Каролин́а</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Массачу́сетс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю́жная Дако́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю́жная Каролин́а</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Теха́с</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Се́верная Дако́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">За́падная Вирджи́ния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оклахо́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ога́йо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вермо́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айда́хо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэн</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Дже́рси</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канза́с</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Орего́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">А́йова</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №8.</title>
- <para>Read through this list of American cities and alphabetize them in the spaces
- provided.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лос-А́нджелес</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Балтимо́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сиэ́тл</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Атла́нта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ме́мфис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кли́вленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чика́го</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Филаде́льфия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Детро́йт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бу́ффало</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пи́ттсбург</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Да́ллас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Хью́стон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннеа́полис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йо́рк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Майа́ми</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лас-Ве́гас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сан-Франци́ско</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бо́стон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Цинцинна́ти</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №9.</title>
- <para/>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
- Find that word and give its number.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арти́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">адмира́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ана́лиз</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конце́рт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сона́та</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">систе́ма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конститу́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">контра́кт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конта́кт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
- instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №10.</title>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
- Find that word and give its number.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́лгебра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акце́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гондо́ла</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">генера́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ве́то</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депо́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аргуме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аге́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">э́ра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а́рка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
- instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №11.</title>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
- Find that word and give its number.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поли́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пози́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инста́нция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диста́нция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юсти́ция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">констру́кция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фа́за</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фра́за</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балла́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
- instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №12.</title>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
- Find that word and give its number.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сена́тор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кента́вр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ли́дер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ла́йнер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кана́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капита́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цеме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">семина́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инциде́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инструме́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
- instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №13.</title>
- <para>Match the "isms" in the first column to the "ists" in the second column.</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коммуни́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капитали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капитали́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">материали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оптими́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пессими́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">антагони́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">антагони́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пессими́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атеи́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">материали́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коммуни́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атеи́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тури́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тури́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">социали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">социали́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оптими́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">индивидуали́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">террори́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеали́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">маркси́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">террори́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футури́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">маркси́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">индивидуали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">раси́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">раси́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">куби́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">импрессиони́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футури́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">куби́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгои́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">импрессиони́зм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгои́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №14.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list of people. In the space provided below sort them
- according to their country.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингто́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шекспи́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Толсто́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пу́шкин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ли́нкольн</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Твен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Да́рвин</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пасте́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью́тон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бальза́к</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Че́рчилль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кюри́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Менделе́ев</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Э́дисон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Достое́вский</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гюго́</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аме́рика</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">А́нглия</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Росси́я</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Фра́нция</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №15.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list of people. In the space provided below sort them
- according to their professions.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чайко́вский</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тициа́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Эйнште́йн</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Фо́лкнер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бетхо́вен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рафаэ́ль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ге́ршвин</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Марко́ни</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Че́хов</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ба́йрон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Галлиле́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шопе́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Копе́рник</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сартр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ван-Го́г</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ру́бенс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">худо́жники</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">писа́тели</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">учёные</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">компози́торы</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №16.</title>
- <para>Alphabetize the professions and occupations given below.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арти́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">до́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инжене́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дире́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балери́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журнали́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лингви́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">корреспонде́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меха́ник</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кло́ун</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроно́м</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">касси́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">архите́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шофёр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фото́граф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профе́ссор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">адвока́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студе́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атле́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музыка́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диплома́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №17.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list. In the space provided below sort the words according to
- the categories indicated.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">посо́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хоккеи́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студе́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">терапе́вт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диплома́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музыка́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атташе́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балери́на</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кардио́лог</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">актёр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ко́нсул</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атле́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футболи́ст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">актри́са</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дека́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">спортсме́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ре́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профес́сор</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">педиа́тр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мини́стр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">до́ктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">президе́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депута́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вице-президе́нт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кремль</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадио́н</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">теа́тр</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университе́т</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">больн́ица</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">посо́льство</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражне́ние</foreignphrase> №18.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list. In the space provided below sort the words according to
- the categories indicated.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рестора́н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вокза́л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">институ́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">амбулато́рия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфе́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университе́т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бульва́р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">порт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лаборато́рия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе́</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поликли́ника</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ку́рсы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сквер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">го́спиталь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ста́нция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафете́рий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шко́ла</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">проспе́кт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">теа́тр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэропо́рт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кинотеа́тр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музе́й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">филармо́ния</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>eating out</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>entertainment</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>medicine</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>transportation</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>education</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>places in the city</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Learning Russian script</title>
- <para>So far, you have been dealing with Russian in its printed form. However, once in Russia
- you will frequently encounter letters, documents and materials which are in script or written
- out in longhand. You will also quickly discover that Russians, unlike Americans, will rarely
- print when writing by hand. Practice writing Russian script.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="2cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="2cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="10cm"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">А а</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Б б</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">В в</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Г г</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/G.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Д д</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/D.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Е е</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ё ё</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-5.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ж ж</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-6.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">З з</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-7.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">И и</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-8.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Й й</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">К к</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Л л</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">М м</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Н н</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-5.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">О о</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-6.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">П п</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-7.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Р р</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-8.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">С с</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-9.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Т т</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-10.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">У у</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-11.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ф ф</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
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- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
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- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Х х</entry>
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- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
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- <entry valign="middle">Ц ц</entry>
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- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
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- <entry valign="middle">Ч ч</entry>
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- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
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- <entry valign="middle">Ш ш</entry>
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- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
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- <entry valign="middle">Ъ</entry>
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- <entry valign="middle">ы</entry>
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- <entry valign="middle">ь</entry>
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- <entry valign="middle">Э э</entry>
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- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- </informaltable>
- <table pgwide="0">
- <title>The following table shows the Russian alphabet with approximate phonetic equivalents.
- Keep it handy as a reference.</title>
- <tgroup cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Aa</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>a as in father</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рp</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>trilled, flapped r</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б6</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>b as in boat</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Cc</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>s as in sew</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Bb</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>v as in vote</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Tt</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>t as in top</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гг</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>g as in goat</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Уу</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>oo as in food</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>d as in dog</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Фф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>f as in foot</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сc</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ye as in yet</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Xx</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>j as in junta</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Её</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>yo as in yo-yo</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Цц</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ts as in lets</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Жж</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>s as in measure</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чч</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ch as in chair</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Зз</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>z as in zoo</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шш</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>sh as in show</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ии</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ее as in mee</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щщ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>sti as in question</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>у as in boy</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>hard sign</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>k as in kite</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>short i as in milk</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лл</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>1 as in loan</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>soft sign</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>m as in mop</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ээ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>e as in let</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нн</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>n as in no</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>as you</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>о as in know</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Яя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ya as in yard</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пп</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>p as in rope</entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-1.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
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- <row>
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- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
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- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
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- </mediaobject>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
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- <mediaobject>
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- </mediaobject>
- </section>
- </chapter>
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