12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697989910010110210310410510610710810911011111211311411511611711811912012112212312412512612712812913013113213313413513613713813914014114214314414514614714814915015115215315415515615715815916016116216316416516616716816917017117217317417517617717817918018118218318418518618718818919019119219319419519619719819920020120220320420520620720820921021121221321421521621721821922022122222322422522622722822923023123223323423523623723823924024124224324424524624724824925025125225325425525625725825926026126226326426526626726826927027127227327427527627727827928028128228328428528628728828929029129229329429529629729829930030130230330430530630730830931031131231331431531631731831932032132232332432532632732832933033133233333433533633733833934034134234334434534634734834935035135235335435535635735835936036136236336436536636736836937037137237337437537637737837938038138238338438538638738838939039139239339439539639739839940040140240340440540640740840941041141241341441541641741841942042142242342442542642742842943043143243343443543643743843944044144244344444544644744844945045145245345445545645745845946046146246346446546646746846947047147247347447547647747847948048148248348448548648748848949049149249349449549649749849950050150250350450550650750850951051151251351451551651751851952052152252352452552652752852953053153253353453553653753853954054154254354454554654754854955055155255355455555655755855956056156256356456556656756856957057157257357457557657757857958058158258358458558658758858959059159259359459559659759859960060160260360460560660760860961061161261361461561661761861962062162262362462562662762862963063163263363463563663763863964064164264364464564664764864965065165265365465565665765865966066166266366466566666766866967067167267367467567667767867968068168268368468568668768868969069169269369469569669769869970070170270370470570670770870971071171271371471571671771871972072172272372472572672772872973073173273373473573673773873974074174274374474574674774874975075175275375475575675775875976076176276376476576676776876977077177277377477577677777877978078178278378478578678778878979079179279379479579679779879980080180280380480580680780880981081181281381481581681781881982082182282382482582682782882983083183283383483583683783883984084184284384484584684784884985085185285385485585685785885986086186286386486586686786886987087187287387487587687787887988088188288388488588688788888989089189289389489589689789889990090190290390490590690790890991091191291391491591691791891992092192292392492592692792892993093193293393493593693793893994094194294394494594694794894995095195295395495595695795895996096196296396496596696796896997097197297397497597697797897998098198298398498598698798898999099199299399499599699799899910001001100210031004100510061007100810091010101110121013101410151016101710181019102010211022102310241025102610271028102910301031103210331034103510361037103810391040104110421043104410451046104710481049105010511052105310541055105610571058105910601061106210631064106510661067106810691070107110721073107410751076107710781079108010811082108310841085108610871088108910901091109210931094109510961097109810991100110111021103110411051106110711081109111011111112111311141115111611171118111911201121112211231124112511261127112811291130113111321133113411351136113711381139114011411142114311441145114611471148114911501151115211531154115511561157115811591160116111621163116411651166116711681169117011711172117311741175117611771178117911801181118211831184118511861187118811891190119111921193119411951196119711981199120012011202120312041205120612071208120912101211121212131214121512161217121812191220122112221223122412251226122712281229123012311232123312341235123612371238123912401241124212431244124512461247124812491250125112521253125412551256125712581259126012611262126312641265126612671268126912701271127212731274127512761277127812791280128112821283128412851286128712881289129012911292129312941295129612971298129913001301130213031304130513061307130813091310131113121313131413151316131713181319132013211322132313241325132613271328132913301331133213331334133513361337133813391340134113421343134413451346134713481349135013511352135313541355135613571358135913601361136213631364136513661367136813691370137113721373137413751376137713781379138013811382138313841385138613871388138913901391139213931394139513961397139813991400140114021403140414051406140714081409141014111412141314141415141614171418141914201421142214231424142514261427142814291430143114321433143414351436143714381439144014411442144314441445144614471448144914501451145214531454145514561457145814591460146114621463146414651466146714681469147014711472147314741475147614771478147914801481148214831484148514861487148814891490149114921493149414951496149714981499150015011502150315041505150615071508150915101511151215131514151515161517151815191520152115221523152415251526152715281529153015311532153315341535153615371538153915401541154215431544154515461547154815491550155115521553155415551556155715581559156015611562156315641565156615671568156915701571157215731574157515761577157815791580158115821583158415851586158715881589159015911592159315941595159615971598159916001601160216031604160516061607160816091610161116121613161416151616161716181619162016211622162316241625162616271628162916301631163216331634163516361637163816391640164116421643164416451646164716481649165016511652165316541655165616571658165916601661166216631664166516661667166816691670167116721673167416751676167716781679168016811682168316841685168616871688168916901691169216931694169516961697169816991700170117021703170417051706170717081709171017111712171317141715171617171718171917201721172217231724172517261727172817291730173117321733173417351736173717381739174017411742174317441745174617471748174917501751175217531754175517561757175817591760176117621763176417651766176717681769177017711772177317741775177617771778177917801781178217831784178517861787178817891790179117921793179417951796179717981799180018011802180318041805180618071808180918101811181218131814181518161817181818191820182118221823182418251826182718281829183018311832183318341835183618371838183918401841184218431844184518461847184818491850185118521853185418551856185718581859186018611862186318641865186618671868186918701871187218731874187518761877187818791880188118821883188418851886188718881889189018911892189318941895189618971898189919001901190219031904190519061907190819091910191119121913191419151916191719181919192019211922192319241925192619271928192919301931193219331934193519361937193819391940194119421943194419451946194719481949195019511952195319541955195619571958195919601961196219631964196519661967196819691970197119721973197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030203120322033203420352036203720382039204020412042204320442045204620472048204920502051205220532054205520562057205820592060206120622063206420652066206720682069207020712072207320742075207620772078207920802081208220832084208520862087208820892090209120922093209420952096209720982099210021012102210321042105210621072108210921102111211221132114211521162117211821192120212121222123212421252126212721282129213021312132213321342135213621372138213921402141214221432144214521462147214821492150215121522153215421552156215721582159216021612162216321642165216621672168216921702171217221732174217521762177217821792180218121822183218421852186218721882189219021912192219321942195219621972198219922002201220222032204220522062207220822092210221122122213221422152216221722182219222022212222222322242225222622272228222922302231223222332234223522362237223822392240224122422243224422452246224722482249225022512252225322542255225622572258225922602261226222632264226522662267226822692270227122722273227422752276227722782279228022812282228322842285228622872288228922902291229222932294229522962297229822992300230123022303230423052306230723082309231023112312231323142315231623172318231923202321232223232324232523262327232823292330233123322333233423352336233723382339234023412342234323442345234623472348234923502351235223532354235523562357235823592360236123622363236423652366236723682369237023712372237323742375237623772378237923802381238223832384238523862387238823892390239123922393239423952396239723982399240024012402240324042405240624072408240924102411241224132414241524162417241824192420242124222423242424252426242724282429243024312432243324342435243624372438243924402441244224432444244524462447244824492450245124522453245424552456245724582459246024612462246324642465246624672468246924702471247224732474247524762477247824792480248124822483248424852486248724882489249024912492249324942495249624972498249925002501250225032504250525062507250825092510251125122513251425152516251725182519252025212522252325242525252625272528252925302531253225332534253525362537253825392540254125422543254425452546254725482549255025512552255325542555255625572558255925602561256225632564256525662567256825692570257125722573257425752576257725782579258025812582258325842585258625872588258925902591259225932594259525962597259825992600260126022603260426052606260726082609261026112612261326142615261626172618261926202621262226232624262526262627262826292630263126322633263426352636263726382639264026412642264326442645264626472648264926502651265226532654265526562657265826592660266126622663266426652666266726682669267026712672267326742675267626772678267926802681268226832684268526862687268826892690269126922693269426952696269726982699270027012702270327042705270627072708270927102711271227132714271527162717271827192720272127222723272427252726272727282729273027312732273327342735273627372738273927402741274227432744274527462747274827492750275127522753275427552756275727582759276027612762276327642765276627672768276927702771277227732774277527762777277827792780278127822783278427852786278727882789279027912792279327942795279627972798279928002801280228032804280528062807280828092810281128122813281428152816281728182819282028212822282328242825282628272828282928302831283228332834283528362837283828392840284128422843284428452846284728482849285028512852285328542855285628572858285928602861286228632864286528662867286828692870287128722873287428752876287728782879288028812882288328842885288628872888288928902891289228932894289528962897289828992900290129022903290429052906290729082909291029112912291329142915291629172918291929202921292229232924292529262927292829292930293129322933293429352936293729382939294029412942294329442945294629472948294929502951295229532954295529562957295829592960296129622963296429652966296729682969297029712972297329742975297629772978297929802981298229832984298529862987298829892990299129922993299429952996299729982999300030013002300330043005300630073008300930103011301230133014301530163017301830193020302130223023302430253026302730283029303030313032303330343035303630373038303930403041304230433044304530463047304830493050305130523053305430553056305730583059306030613062306330643065306630673068306930703071307230733074307530763077307830793080308130823083308430853086308730883089309030913092309330943095309630973098309931003101310231033104310531063107310831093110311131123113311431153116311731183119312031213122312331243125312631273128312931303131313231333134313531363137313831393140314131423143314431453146314731483149315031513152315331543155315631573158315931603161316231633164316531663167316831693170317131723173317431753176317731783179318031813182318331843185318631873188318931903191319231933194319531963197319831993200320132023203320432053206320732083209321032113212321332143215321632173218321932203221322232233224322532263227322832293230323132323233323432353236323732383239324032413242324332443245324632473248324932503251325232533254325532563257325832593260326132623263326432653266326732683269327032713272327332743275327632773278327932803281328232833284328532863287328832893290329132923293329432953296329732983299330033013302330333043305330633073308330933103311331233133314331533163317331833193320332133223323332433253326332733283329333033313332333333343335333633373338333933403341334233433344334533463347334833493350335133523353335433553356335733583359336033613362336333643365336633673368336933703371337233733374337533763377337833793380338133823383338433853386338733883389339033913392339333943395339633973398339934003401340234033404340534063407340834093410341134123413341434153416341734183419342034213422342334243425342634273428342934303431343234333434343534363437343834393440344134423443344434453446344734483449345034513452345334543455345634573458345934603461346234633464346534663467346834693470347134723473347434753476347734783479348034813482348334843485348634873488348934903491349234933494349534963497349834993500350135023503350435053506350735083509351035113512351335143515351635173518351935203521352235233524352535263527352835293530353135323533353435353536353735383539354035413542354335443545354635473548354935503551355235533554355535563557355835593560356135623563356435653566356735683569357035713572357335743575357635773578357935803581358235833584358535863587358835893590359135923593359435953596359735983599360036013602360336043605360636073608360936103611361236133614361536163617361836193620362136223623362436253626362736283629363036313632363336343635363636373638363936403641364236433644364536463647364836493650365136523653365436553656365736583659366036613662366336643665366636673668366936703671367236733674367536763677367836793680368136823683368436853686368736883689369036913692369336943695369636973698369937003701370237033704370537063707370837093710371137123713371437153716371737183719372037213722372337243725372637273728372937303731373237333734373537363737373837393740374137423743374437453746374737483749375037513752375337543755375637573758375937603761376237633764376537663767376837693770377137723773377437753776377737783779378037813782378337843785378637873788378937903791379237933794379537963797379837993800380138023803380438053806380738083809381038113812381338143815381638173818381938203821382238233824382538263827382838293830383138323833383438353836383738383839384038413842384338443845384638473848384938503851385238533854385538563857385838593860386138623863386438653866386738683869387038713872387338743875387638773878387938803881388238833884388538863887388838893890389138923893389438953896389738983899390039013902390339043905390639073908390939103911391239133914391539163917391839193920392139223923392439253926392739283929393039313932393339343935393639373938393939403941394239433944394539463947394839493950395139523953395439553956395739583959396039613962396339643965396639673968396939703971397239733974397539763977397839793980398139823983398439853986398739883989399039913992399339943995399639973998399940004001400240034004400540064007400840094010401140124013401440154016401740184019402040214022402340244025402640274028402940304031403240334034403540364037403840394040404140424043404440454046404740484049405040514052405340544055405640574058405940604061406240634064406540664067406840694070407140724073407440754076407740784079408040814082408340844085408640874088408940904091409240934094409540964097409840994100410141024103410441054106410741084109411041114112411341144115411641174118411941204121412241234124412541264127412841294130413141324133413441354136413741384139414041414142414341444145414641474148414941504151415241534154415541564157415841594160416141624163416441654166416741684169417041714172417341744175417641774178417941804181418241834184418541864187418841894190419141924193419441954196419741984199420042014202420342044205420642074208420942104211421242134214421542164217421842194220422142224223422442254226422742284229423042314232423342344235423642374238423942404241424242434244424542464247424842494250425142524253425442554256425742584259426042614262426342644265426642674268426942704271427242734274427542764277427842794280428142824283428442854286 |
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <chapter version="5.0" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
- xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
- xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
- xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
- <title>Lesson 1</title>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Русский алфавит</foreignphrase></title>
- <table colsep="0" frame="none" rowsep="0">
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Русский алфавит</foreignphrase></title>
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">А а</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Р р</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б б</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">С с</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В в</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Т т</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Г г</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">У у</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Д д</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ф ф</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Е е</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Х х</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ё ё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц ц</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж ж</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ч ч</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">З з</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш ш</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щ щ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И й</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">К к</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Л л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">М м</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Э э</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Н н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю ю</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">О о</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я я</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">П п</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>The Russian alphabet</title>
- <para>The Russian alphabet "Cyrillic" is named in honor of St. Cyril, a Greek missionary who
- brought the written word to the Slavs in the 9th century. This alphabet, as it exists today,
- consists of 33 letters/symbols: 10 vowel symbols, 20 consonants, 1 semi-vowel and 2 symbols
- with no sound value.</para>
- <para>The following is a presentation of the Cyrillic alphabet "<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >Кириллица</foreignphrase>". It consists of letters/symbols which:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>resemble Latin letters and represent approximately the same sounds.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-1-1.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-1-2.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0010-2.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МАМА</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мама</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОМЕТА</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комета</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОТ</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кот</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Какао</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мокко</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Том</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мекка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>resemble Latin letters, but represent different sounds:</para>
- <informaltable>
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Р р</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents a trilled or "flapped" r. (Compare it to the double t sound in
- "letter" or the double d sound in "ladder".)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">У у</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound oo.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">С с</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound s.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В в</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound v.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3" colsep="0">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-1.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-2.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-3.png" width="4cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КАССА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МЕТРО</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТРАКТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0011-5.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КАКТУС</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МОСКВА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">метр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">курс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>масса</entry>
- <entry>квота</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мотор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">текст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">торт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">маска</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">квас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аорта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">карта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">автор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">космос</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аромат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">самовар</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">автомат</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Н н</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound n.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0012-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0012-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">НОТА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТАНК</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сенатор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нерв</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нос</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ветеран</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">манера</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">момент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">норма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">номер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ванна</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нато</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>look different from Latin letters altogether.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound ее.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0013-1-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0013-1-1-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">киоск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">риск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">министр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">система</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">три</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рим</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минимум</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">квартира</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">виски</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">артист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">артистка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инструмент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минута</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">интерес</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">математика</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Л л</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound I.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0014-1.png" valign="middle"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/FSI-0014-2.png" width="6cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">СТУЛ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЛИМОН</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">климат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">луна</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мали</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">миллион</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лирика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">металл</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">план</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">реклама</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лексика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литература</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">минерал</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туалет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">молекула</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">молоко</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Д д</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound d.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0015-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РАДИО</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ДОКТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ДОМ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мода</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диван</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">драма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кандидат</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">директор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лондон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">документ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дата</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">канада</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">демократ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диктант</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">метод</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дракон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">код</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound b.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle"><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0016-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0016-1-2.png" scale="30" valign="middle"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БАНАН</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БИЛЕТ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">банк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бостон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бокс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">букет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бланк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бар</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">блин</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">брат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">борис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">барон</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">П п</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound p.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0017-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЛАМПА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПАСПОРТ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПОРТРЕТ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пресса</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">план</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патриот</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парламент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">темп</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стоп</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">протест</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пианист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">проект</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стоп</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депутат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">транспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">опера</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пакет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">плакат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">практика</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">импорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">диплом</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">спорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парад</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">публика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">политика</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents a vowel sound which does not exist in English. This letter will
- never begin a word and is often used to form the plural of nouns.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0018-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РЫБА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мыло</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кассы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">курсы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">планы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туристы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лампы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атомы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рыба</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">блины</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сын</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студенты</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">плакаты</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Г г</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound g.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТИГР</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ГИТАРА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0019-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КОНГРЕСС</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПЕНТАГОН</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">волга</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грамм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">орган</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">винегрет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гранит</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магнит</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гамма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гол</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аргумент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроном</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агрессор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">генерал</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">группа</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сигнал</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">прогресс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грот</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">грамматика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">килограмм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">З з</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound z.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0020-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ГАЗЕТА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РОЗА</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЗЕБРА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магазин</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">база</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зенит</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зона</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">президент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ваза</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоолог</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">виза</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патриотизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">визит</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">муза</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музыка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ф ф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound f.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-2-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0021-2-1-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">КАФЕ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МИКРОФОН</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ТЕЛЕФОН</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">миф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фонд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фрукты</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">финал</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кофе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фосфор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фонтан</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фирма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фронт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">финансы</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">африка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фото</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">флаг</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профессор</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ферма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">физика</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">факт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">феномен</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">форма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фраза</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фигура</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футбол</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж ж</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the zh sound, similar to the V in measure.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0022-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0022-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЖИРАФ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЖУРНАЛ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жена</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жаргон</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">желе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жест</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пирожок</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жакет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журналист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жанр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">И и</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a semi-vowel which represents the sound of "y" as in York.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0023-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0023-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПЛАНЕТАРИИ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МУЗЕИ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йог</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мавзолей</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йод</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">герой</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">йота</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">перестройка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">трамвай</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бойкот</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">X х</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound of the j in the English pronunciation of junta. The best
- way to make this sound is to get your tongue in the position for the к sound, and
- then simply exhale.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry align="center"><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0024-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ХОККЕЙ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хроника</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">химик</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хулиган</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хаки</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">храм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хаос</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">характер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сахаров</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хунта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">техник</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хамелеон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">механик</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ч ч</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound of "ch", as in cheese.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0025-1-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0025-1-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЧЕК</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЧЕМПИОН</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чай</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сочи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чайковский</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">матч</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чикаго</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ростропович</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дача</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">чехов</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">иванович</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц ц</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the sound of the "ts" combination as in the word bets.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0026-1-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0026-1-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЦИРК</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ПИЦЦА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">медицина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цемент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цитата</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">солженицын</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">концерт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">процесс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дисциплина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">принцип</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цензура</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">специалист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">центр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цилиндр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цинк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цикл</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш ш</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>represents the "six" sound similar to that of the "s" in sugar.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0027-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ШОКОЛА́Д</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шрифт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">машина</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шарф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шеф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штамп</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">каша</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шуба</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">марш</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шимпанзе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">финиш</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">школа</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щ щ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>looks like the letter above, except for its little tail. It represents a
- sound similar to the combination shch, as in fresh cheese or the sti combination
- in the word question.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щелкунчик</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щека</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">борщ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щенок</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">щит</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Э э</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which represents the sound of "e" as in bet. This letter often
- begins words in Russian and is only rarely found within a word.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0028-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0028-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЭСКАЛАТОР</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЭЛЕКТРОН</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспресс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эксперимент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поэт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэрофлот</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">этика</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">элита</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экзамен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">энтузиазм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгоист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эхо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">электрик</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экватор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экономист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я я</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Я at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
- pronounced ya.</para>
- <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0029-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>ЯХТА</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">як</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ярд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ялта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">янки</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яков</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ярус</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ярмарка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>In a vowel cluster:</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0030-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">БАТАРЕЯ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мария</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">операция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>лаборатория</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">партия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комедия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коллекция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">линия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">теория</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">территория</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">армия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">религия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">позиция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">копия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экскурсия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспедиция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">категория</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комиссия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">полиция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профессия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галерея</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">миссия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It
- is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the
- mouth. Я then represents the vowel a.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0031-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ВАНЯ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">няня</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">таня</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">боря</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ляля</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коля</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">баня</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дядя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галя</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ю ю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ю at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
- pronounced yoo.</para>
- <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юг</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юрта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юрий</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юмор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юрист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ювелир</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юноша</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юбилей</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юстиция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>In a vowel cluster:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">каюта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">союз</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It
- is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the
- mouth. Ю then represents the vowel y.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0033-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">РЮКЗАК</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нюанс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюджет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пюре</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюро</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюрократ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дюна</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меню</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">утюг</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">люкс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сюжет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">костюм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Е е</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>a vowel, like Я and Ю also has two pronunciations. In printed texts other
- than textbooks the two dots are not indicated. You must be told when to pronounce
- ё (which is always stressed) and when to pronounce e.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>E at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is
- pronounced yo.</para>
- <para>At the beginning of a word:</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0034-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ЁЛКА</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ёж</foreignphrase></para>
- <para>in a vowel cluster:</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">моё</foreignphrase></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">твоё</foreignphrase></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">её</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>After a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. It is
- pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth.
- Ё then represents the vowel o.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0035-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ШОФЕР</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тётя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">манёвр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">берёза</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зелёный</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сестры</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лёд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">свёкла</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мёд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сёмга</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">счёт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>The symbol <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase> has no sound value.
- It indicates that the preceding consonant is palatalized. It is most often found
- at the end of Russian words and signals that these words are pronounced with the
- final consonant palatalized ("softened"). For this reason it is referred to as the
- "soft sign".</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0036-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0036-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">МЕДАЛЬ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">АВТОМОБИЛЬ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мать</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">декабрь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">апрель</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">соль</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">князь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">портфель</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ночь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">отель</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">календарь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дробь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">царь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ноль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">секретарь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">модель</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фильм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сеть</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пять</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бульвар</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кремль</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>The symbol ъ also has no sound value. It is found within words and is used to
- separate the prefix from the root of the word when the prefix ends in a consonant
- and the root of the word begins with one of the following vowels: <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">Я, Ю, E, E</foreignphrase>.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Practice reading the following words:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объезд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">подъём</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">подъезд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объект</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">съезд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">въезд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">субъект</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">объём</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №1.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list of places you might want to visit.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">касса</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">школа</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цирк</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магазин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кремль</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мавзолей</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ферма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоопарк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">банк</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музей</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галерея</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">планетарий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бар</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">храм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">выставка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ялта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Россия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">консерватория</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №2.</title>
- <para>Draw a line between the words which are logically related to each other.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футбол</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">толстой</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">меню</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зоопарк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фильм</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>"<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Анна Каренина</foreignphrase>"</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">медицина</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">литр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бензин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жираф</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газета</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оркестр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ферма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">касса</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">концерт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гастроном</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стюардесса</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэрофлот</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">билет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">доктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кофе</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">правда</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">трактор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">магазин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №3.</title>
- <para>Unscramble the following words. Use the answers below for help.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="5cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юмне</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нмдиоа</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">aсack</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">еофк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">толфэаро</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тбуеф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">иреениусвтт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">amoвck</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ягаелре</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рсотппа</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ральбву</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Answers:</para>
- <para><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">касса</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">Москва</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >паспорт</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кофе</db:foreignphrase>,
- <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</db:foreignphrase>,<db:foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru"> галерея</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >меню</db:foreignphrase>, <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</db:foreignphrase>,
- <db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Динамо</db:foreignphrase>,<db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">
- аэрофлот</db:foreignphrase>,<db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">
- бульвар</db:foreignphrase>.</para>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №4.</title>
- <para>Make as many Russian words as you can using each letter only once. Start each word with
- one of the capitalized letters.</para>
- <para><emphasis role="bold">К</emphasis>ефютро<emphasis role="bold">Ф</emphasis>обфо<emphasis
- role="bold">Б</emphasis>о<emphasis role="bold">С</emphasis>зло<emphasis role="bold"
- >Ф</emphasis>оуют</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ф<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>К<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ф<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>С<replaceable>---</replaceable></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №5.</title>
- <para>This is a listening comprehension exercise. Number the words according to the sequence
- in which your teacher will read them aloud.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музей</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гастроном</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">армия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газета</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гитара</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журнал</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дядя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">штат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><replaceable>_____</replaceable></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Russian phonetics</title>
- <para>In order to speak Russian well, you must become fully acquainted with the phonetics of the
- language. The task is both a simple and a difficult one as you have already seen, now that you
- know the alphabet well. In this lesson we will work on the basics of Russian pronunciation;
- specifically on the distinctions between "soft" {palatalized) consonants and "hard" ones {non-
- palatalized); how these differences are indicated in the orthography (writing system) and how
- they are manifested in the actual pronunciation of words.</para>
- <formalpara>
- <title>"Hard" and "soft" consonants</title>
- <para>When we say that Russian has 20 consonants, we are referring only to the 20 consonant
- symbols in the alphabet. In reality, Russian has nearly twice that number of consonant
- sounds due to something called "palatalization", or "softening". All this means is that
- certain consonants can be slightly modified by arching your tongue and moving it forward,
- towards the hard palate area (that ridge on the roof of your mouth where your upper teeth
- fit in) while making the consonant sound. The effect is to make the sound "softer" and, in
- terms of pitch, slightly higher. The best mechanism for a good, palatalized consonant sound
- is to SMILE while pronouncing. Try it ~ it really works! Now you know how to make the sound.
- But how will you know when! Consonants which can be palatalized (all of them EXCEPT
- <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ж</foreignphrase></emphasis>, <emphasis
- role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ш</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis
- role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ц</foreignphrase></emphasis>) will be pronounced
- palatalized when you see them followed by:</para>
- </formalpara>
- <para>- the "soft sign"<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></emphasis> (usually at the end of a
- word)</para>
- <para>OR:</para>
- <para>-one of these vowel symbols:<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >е</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ё</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">ю</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">и</foreignphrase></emphasis>
- (called "indicator" vowels)</para>
- <para>The function of these vowel symbols is to indicate that the preceding consonant is
- pronounced in its "soft" variant. The consonant is then followed by the vowel sound: <emphasis
- role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >э</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">о</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">у</foreignphrase></emphasis> or<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></emphasis>.</para>
- <para>When any of the consonants listed above has no "soft sign" following it, or is followed by
- one of these vowel symbols:<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >э</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">о</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">у</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ы</foreignphrase></emphasis>, that consonant will be pronounced in its "hard" variant (no
- smiling allowed!).</para>
- <para><emphasis role="bold">KEEP IN MIND</emphasis>: <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">Ч</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">Щ</foreignphrase></emphasis> are always SOFT, no matter which vowel symbol
- follows them.<emphasis role="bold">
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ж</foreignphrase></emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold"
- ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ш</foreignphrase></emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold"
- ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ц</foreignphrase></emphasis> are always HARD, even if they
- are followed by a "soft sign" or one of the "indicator" vowel symbols.</para>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Practice in Russian phonetics</title>
- <para>Listen carefully as your instructor reads the following pairs aloud. Try to detect the
- (subtle) difference between the "hard" consonant sound (the first in the pair) and the "soft"
- consonant sound. Notice also the differences in the orthography.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">6a</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >би</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">па</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">по</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пи</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ва</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >вя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ве</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">во</foreignphrase> — <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >вё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ву</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >вю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ви</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фа</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фы</foreignphrase> — <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >фи</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">да</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >дя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >де</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">до</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >дё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ду</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >дю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ды</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ди</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">та</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >тя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >те</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">то</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >те</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ту</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >тю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ти</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">за</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >зи</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">са</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ся</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >се</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">со</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >сё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">су</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >сю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >си</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ла</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ля</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ле</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ло</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >лё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лу</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >лю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ли</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ма</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ме</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мо</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мё</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">му</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ми</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ня</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нэ</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >не</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">но</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >не</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ну</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ню</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ны</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ни</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Listen carefully as your instructor reads the following words aloud. Pay close attention
- to the differences between the "soft" consonants (look for the vowels <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">е</foreignphrase>,
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ё</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >ю</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">и</foreignphrase> or the "soft sign"
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase>) and the "hard" ones.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">масса</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мясо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">папа</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пять</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аша</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >няня</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мыло</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >Мила</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">был</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >бил</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мама</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мята</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">виски</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >выставка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сын</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >синий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дата</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >дядя</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пыль</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >пил</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лук</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >люк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Волга</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >Ольга</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">рысь</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >рис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пар</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >царь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стол</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >столько</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">брат</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >брать</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">нос</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >нёс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дон</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >день</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >Федя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мэр</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >мера</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase> - <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >тигр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Spelling and pronunciation</title>
- <para>In an ideal world, words will be pronounced just as they are written. However, since we do
- not live in an ideal world, we see that the pronunciation of certain words does not always
- correspond to their written representation. This is true not only in Russian, but in numerous
- other languages as well, including English. For example: the о in women is pronounced as i;
- the initial w is not pronounced in write, and the t in action is pronounced as sh.</para>
- <para>Russian has a specific set of rules which govern those instances where spelling and
- pronunciation differ, and if you can master these rules, you will be well on your way to
- acquiring good pronunciation skills in Russian.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="3cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>REMEMBER:</entry>
- <entry>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Vowels carry stress and in Russian the stress can fall on any syllable in a
- word.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Russian words have only one stress.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Stress is not part of Russian orthography. However, many teaching materials
- mark stress as an aid in learning.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The way a vowel is pronounced depends on whether it is stressed or not. This
- is a very important rule and we'll discuss it in a little more detail in the
- next section.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Rule 1: the vowels o and a</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>In Russian, the vowels о and a are pronounced as о and a only when they are stressed.
- Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
- instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
- exercise on the tape for this lesson.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">торт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вино</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лимон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">патриот</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бюро</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">норма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жаргон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Волга</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кино</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">зона</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">метро</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">киоск</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кофе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">номер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>In Russian, the vowels о and a are pronounced as о and a only when they are stressed.
- Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
- instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
- exercise on the tape for this lesson. Now listen and repeat:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">концерт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">канал</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аванс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поэт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комета</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канада</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">абсурд</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">роман</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">газета</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пентагон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аорта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хоккей</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оркестр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">протест</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туалет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэропорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">океан</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Толстой</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">банан</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроном</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">омега</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>In all other unstressed syllables both vowels <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
- >о</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а</foreignphrase> are pronounced
- like the short, indistinct "a" in tuna. Look at the following words and note the syllable
- which is stressed. Now listen and repeat:</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">паспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">маска</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">трактор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гамма</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атом</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дача</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">доктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">самовар</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фото</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">экспорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Динамо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лондон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">молоко</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хроника</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">каша</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">климат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">машина</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Rule 2: The vowels <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">е</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase></title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>In Russian the vowels e and я are given full pronunciation only when they are
- stressed. Listen as your instructor reads the following words then repeat after him/her.
- You'll also find this exercise on the tape for this lesson.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">комета</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">директор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пять</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яхта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тема</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">билет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">портфель</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яблоко</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">семья</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">текст</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чехов</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ферма</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ребята</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ялта</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When unstressed these vowels are pronounced as a short i. Listen as your instructor
- reads the following words then repeat after him/her. You'll also find this exercise on the
- tape for this lesson.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">телефон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">декабрь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">берёза</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">язык</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">винегрет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">планетарий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">японец</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">январь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">номер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">календарь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">галерея</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">японка</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">яйцо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Reading exercises</title>
- <para>Read the following words:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кентукки</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гавайи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Джорджия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Невада</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Луизиана</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Делавэр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннесота</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Арканзас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Иллинойс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вирджиния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссури</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вайоминг</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пенсильвания</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэриленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Алабама</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Калифорния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Небраска</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Теннесси</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Гемпшир</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Монтана</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Висконсин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Мексико</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йорк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Колорадо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссиссипи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Индиана</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Флорида</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Коннектикут</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аризона</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мичиган</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингтон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Род-Айленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аляска</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Каролина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Массачусетс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Южная Дакота</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Южная Каролина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Техас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Дакота</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Западная Вирджиния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оклахома</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Огайо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вермонт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айдахо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэн</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Джерси</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канзас</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Орегон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айова</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юкон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Саскачеван</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Британская Колумбия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Альберта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Брансуик</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Новая Шотландия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Квебек</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Манитоба</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Остров Принс-Эдуард</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Онтарио</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ньюфаундленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западные
- территории</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №7.</title>
- <para>Read through the list and circle the thirteen original states of the U.S.</para>
- <informaltable pgwide="1">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кентукки</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гавайи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Джорджия</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Невада</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Луизиана</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Делавэр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннесота</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Арканзас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Иллинойс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вирджиния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссури</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вайоминг</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пенсильвания</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэриленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Алабама</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Калифорния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Небраска</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Теннесси</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Гемпшир</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Монтана</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Висконсин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Мексико</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йорк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Колорадо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миссиссипи</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Индиана</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Флорида</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Коннектикут</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аризона</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мичиган</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингтон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Род-Айленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аляска</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Каролина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Массачусетс</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Южная Дакота</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Южная Каролина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Техас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Дакота</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Западная Вирджиния</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оклахома</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Огайо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вермонт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айдахо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мэн</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Джерси</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канзас</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Орегон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Айова</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №8.</title>
- <para>Read through this list of American cities and alphabetize them in the spaces
- provided.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="2" colsep="0">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лос-Анджелес</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Балтимор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сиэтл</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Атланта</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мемфис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кливленд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чикаго</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Филадельфия</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Детройт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Буффало</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Питтсбург</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Даллас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Хьюстон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Миннеаполис</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нью-Йорк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Майами</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лас-Вегас</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сан-Франциско</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бостон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Цинциннати</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>________________________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №9.</title>
- <para/>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
- Find that word and give its number.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">артист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеалист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">адмирал</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">анализ</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">концерт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">соната</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">система</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конституция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">контракт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">контакт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
- instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №10.</title>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
- Find that word and give its number.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">алгебра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акцент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">гондола</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">генерал</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вето</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депо</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аргумент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эра</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">арка</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
- instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №11.</title>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
- Find that word and give its number.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">полиция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">позиция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инстанция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дистанция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юстиция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">конструкция</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фаза</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фраза</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балласт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">акт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
- instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №12.</title>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <para>Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time.
- Find that word and give its number.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сенатор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кентавр</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лидер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лайнер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">канал</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капитал</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">цемент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">семинар</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инцидент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инструмент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <para>On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your
- instructor will dictate from the list above.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>1</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>6</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>2</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>7</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>3</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>8</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>4</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>9</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>5</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- <entry>10</entry>
- <entry>______________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №13.</title>
- <para>Match the "isms" in the first column to the "ists" in the second column.</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>А</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коммунизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капиталист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">капитализм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">материалист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оптимизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пессимист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">антагонизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">антагонист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пессимизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атеист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">материализм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">коммунист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атеизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">турист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">туризм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">социалист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">социализм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оптимист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Б</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">индивидуализм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">террорист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеализм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">марксист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">терроризм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футурист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">марксизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">индивидуалист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">расизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">расист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кубизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">импрессионист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футуризм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кубист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгоизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">идеалист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">импрессионизм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">эгоист</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №14.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list of people. In the space provided below sort them
- according to their country.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингтон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шекспир</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Толстой</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пушкин</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Линкольн</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Твен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дарвин</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пастер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ньютон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бальзак</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Черчилль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кюри</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Менделеев</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Эдисон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Достоевский</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гюго</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">америка</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">англия</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">россия</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">франция</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №15.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list of people. In the space provided below sort them
- according to their professions.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чайковский</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тициан</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Эйнштейн</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Фолкнер</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бетховен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рафаэль</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гершвин</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Маркони</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чехов</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Байрон</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Галлилей</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шопен</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Коперник</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сартр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ван-Гог</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рубенс</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">художники</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">писатели</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ученые</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">композиторы</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №16.</title>
- <para>Alphabetize the professions and occupations given below.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">артист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">доктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">инженер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">директор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балерина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">журналист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лингвист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">корреспондент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">механик</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">клоун</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">агроном</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кассир</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">архитектор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">шофёр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фотограф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профессор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">адвокат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атлет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музыкант</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><db:foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</db:foreignphrase> №17.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list. In the space provided below sort the words according to
- the categories indicated.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">посол</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хоккеист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">студент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">терапевт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дипломат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музыкант</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атташе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">балерина</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кардиолог</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">актёр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">консул</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">атлет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">футболист</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">актриса</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">декан</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">спортсмен</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ректор</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">профессор</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">педиатр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">министр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">доктор</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">президент</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">депутат</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вице-президент</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кремль</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">стадион</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">больница</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">посольство</foreignphrase></para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №18.</title>
- <para>Read through the following list. In the space provided below sort the words according to
- the categories indicated.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ресторан</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вокзал</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">институт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">амбулатория</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">буфет</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">университет</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">бульвар</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">порт</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">лаборатория</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">парк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафе</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">поликлиника</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">курсы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">сквер</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">госпиталь</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">станция</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кафетерий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">школа</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">проспект</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">театр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">аэропорт</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">кинотеатр</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">музей</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">филармония</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>eating out</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>entertainment</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>medicine</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>transportation</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>education</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>places in the city</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- </section>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <section>
- <title>Learning Russian script</title>
- <para>So far, you have been dealing with Russian in its printed form. However, once in Russia
- you will frequently encounter letters, documents and materials which are in script or written
- out in longhand. You will also quickly discover that Russians, unlike Americans, will rarely
- print when writing by hand. Practice writing Russian script.</para>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup align="center" cols="3">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="2cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="2cm"/>
- <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="10cm"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">А а</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Б б</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">В в</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Г г</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/G.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Д д</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/D.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Е е</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ё ё</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-5.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ж ж</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-6.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">З з</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-7.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">И и</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0063-8.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Й й</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">К к</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Л л</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">М м</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Н н</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-5.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">О о</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-6.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">П п</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-7.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Р р</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-8.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">С с</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-9.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Т т</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-10.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">У у</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-11.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ф ф</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-12.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Х х</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-13.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ц ц</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-14.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ч ч</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0064-15.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ш ш</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-1.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Щ щ</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-2.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ъ</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-3.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">ы</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-4.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">ь</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-5.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Э э</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-6.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Ю ю</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-7.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry valign="middle">Я я</entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0065-8.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry valign="middle">_________________________</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- </informaltable>
- <table pgwide="1">
- <title>The following table shows the Russian alphabet with approximate phonetic equivalents.
- Keep it handy as a reference.</title>
- <tgroup cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Aa</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>a as in father</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рp</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>trilled, flapped r</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Б6</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>b as in boat</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Cc</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>s as in sew</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Bb</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>v as in vote</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Tt</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>t as in top</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гг</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>g as in goat</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Уу</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>oo as in food</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дд</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>d as in dog</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Фф</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>f as in foot</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сc</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ye as in yet</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Xx</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>j as in junta</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Её</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>yo as in yo-yo</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Цц</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ts as in lets</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Жж</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>s as in measure</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чч</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ch as in chair</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Зз</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>z as in zoo</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Шш</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>sh as in show</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ии</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ее as in mee</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Щщ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>sti as in question</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ий</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>у as in boy</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ъ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>hard sign</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кк</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>k as in kite</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ы</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>short i as in milk</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лл</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>1 as in loan</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ь</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>soft sign</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мм</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>m as in mop</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ээ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>e as in let</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нн</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>n as in no</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Юю</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>as you</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оо</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>о as in know</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Яя</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>ya as in yard</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пп</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry>p as in rope</entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <?custom-pagebreak?>
- <informaltable colsep="0" frame="none" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-1.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-2.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-3.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-4.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-5.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-6.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-7.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry morerows="1"><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/0067.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-10.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-11.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- <entry><inlinemediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Images/FSI-0067-12.png" width="7cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </inlinemediaobject></entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/0068.png" width="18cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </mediaobject>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/0069.png" width="18cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </mediaobject>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/0070.png" width="18cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </mediaobject>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/0071.png" width="18cm"/>
- </imageobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </section>
- </chapter>
|