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   <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">In case you were wondering</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch04.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;4.&nbsp;Lesson 4"><link rel="prev" href="ch04s04.html" title="Listening comprehension exercise"><link rel="next" href="ch04s06.html" title="Useful words and expressions"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch04s04.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;4.&nbsp;Lesson 4</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch04s06.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e8582"></a>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e8584"></a>The genitive case</h3></div></div></div><p>The Genitive case has a number of different functions, the most important ones
        being:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>- showing possession (the 's form in English)</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1069;&#1090;&#1086; &#1084;&#1072;&#1096;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;
                  &#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;&#1072;.</em></span></td>
              <td>This is Ivan's car</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1069;&#1090;&#1086; &#1082;&#1085;&#1080;&#1075;&#1072;
                  &#1052;&#1072;&#1088;&#1080;&#1085;&#1099;.</em></span></td>
              <td>This is Marina's book.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085;&#1072; &#1078;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090; &#1074; &#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1077;
                  &#1088;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1077;&#1083;&#1077;&#1081;.</em></span></td>
              <td>She lives in her parents' house.</td>
            </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating a noun which modifies another noun</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1084;&#1101;&#1088;
                  &#1052;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1074;&#1099;.</em></span></td>
              <td>&#1053;&#1077; is the mayor of Moscow.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1069;&#1090;&#1086; &#1091;&#1095;&#1077;&#1073;&#1085;&#1080;&#1082; &#1088;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086;
                  &#1103;&#1079;&#1099;&#1082;&#1072;.</em></span></td>
              <td>This is a Russian language textbook.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085;&#1072; &#1091;&#1095;&#1080;&#1090;&#1077;&#1083;&#1100;&#1085;&#1080;&#1094;&#1072;
                  &#1084;&#1072;&#1090;&#1077;&#1084;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;.</em></span></td>
              <td>She is a math teacher.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1082;&#1072;&#1085;
                &#1084;&#1086;&#1083;&#1086;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></td>
              <td>a glass of milk</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1082;&#1072;
                  &#1072;&#1074;&#1090;&#1086;&#1073;&#1091;&#1089;&#1072;</em></span></td>
              <td>a bus stop</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1073;&#1091;&#1090;&#1099;&#1083;&#1082;&#1072;
                &#1074;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;</em></span></td>
              <td>a bottle of wine</td>
            </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating quantity with numbers</p><p>2,3,4: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1085;&#1080;&#1075;&#1080;</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072;</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1082;&#1085;&#1072;</em></span>
            (Gen. singular)</p><p>5-20: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1085;&#1080;&#1075;</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1086;&#1074;</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1082;&#1086;&#1085;</em></span>
            (Gen. plural)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating absence of someone or something using the word
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1077;&#1090;</em></span> (the opposite of <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span></strong></span>)</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1045;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;
                &#1082;&#1085;&#1080;&#1075;&#1080;.</em></span></td>
              <td>There are books.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1053;&#1077;&#1090;
                &#1082;&#1085;&#1080;&#1075;.</em></span></td>
              <td>There aren't (any) books.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1045;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;
                &#1074;&#1088;&#1077;&#1084;&#1103;.</em></span></td>
              <td>There is time.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1053;&#1077;&#1090;
                &#1074;&#1088;&#1077;&#1084;&#1077;&#1085;&#1080;.</em></span></td>
              <td>There's no time.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; &#1085;&#1077;&#1075;&#1086; &#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;
                  &#1089;&#1099;&#1085;.</em></span></td>
              <td>He has a son.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; &#1085;&#1077;&#1075;&#1086; &#1085;&#1077;&#1090;
                  &#1089;&#1099;&#1085;&#1072;.</em></span></td>
              <td>He doesn't have a son.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085; &#1089;&#1077;&#1075;&#1086;&#1076;&#1085;&#1103; &#1085;&#1072;
                  &#1091;&#1088;&#1086;&#1082;&#1077;.</em></span></td>
              <td>Ivan is in class today.</td>
            </tr><tr>
              <td valign="top"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;&#1072; &#1085;&#1077;&#1090;
                  &#1089;&#1077;&#1075;&#1086;&#1076;&#1085;&#1103; &#1085;&#1072; &#1091;&#1088;&#1086;&#1082;&#1077;.</em></span></td>
              <td>Ivan is not in class today.</td>
            </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating possession with preposition &#1091; followed by a noun or pronoun plus the
            word <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1084;&#1077;&#1085;&#1103;
              </strong></span>&#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;....</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1085;&#1080;&#1093;
              </strong></span>&#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;...</em></span>.</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;&#1072;</strong></span>
              &#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;....</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1048;&#1088;&#1080;&#1085;&#1099;</strong></span>
              &#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100;....</em></span></p><p>Note that the object owned is in the <span class="bold"><strong>nominative
              case</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; &#1084;&#1077;&#1085;&#1103; &#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1082;&#1085;&#1080;&#1075;&#1072;</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; &#1085;&#1080;&#1093; &#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1076;&#1077;&#1090;&#1080;</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; &#1048;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085;&#1072; &#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1084;&#1072;&#1096;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;.</strong></span></em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059; &#1048;&#1088;&#1080;&#1085;&#1099; &#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1100; <span class="bold"><strong>&#1089;&#1086;&#1073;&#1072;&#1082;&#1072;.</strong></span></em></span></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e8714"></a>Personal pronouns</h3></div></div></div><p>The table below shows the forms of the Genitive case (G) for nouns and adjectives and
        compares them to Nominative case (N) and Accusative case (A).</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1cm"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><thead><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td></td>
            <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OH</em></span></td>
            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1053;&#1040;</em></span></strong></span></td>
            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1053;&#1054;</em></span></strong></span></td>
            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1053;&#1048;</em></span></strong></span></td>
          </tr></thead><tr align="center" valign="top">
          <td>N</td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1099;&#1081; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1099;&#1081; &#1076;&#1086;&#1084;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1072;&#1103; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1072;&#1103; &#1082;&#1074;&#1072;&#1088;&#1090;&#1080;&#1088;&#1072;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1077; &#1089;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1086;&#1077; &#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1083;&#1086;</em></span></p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1099;&#1077; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1099;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1099;&#1077; &#1082;&#1086;&#1089;&#1090;&#1102;&#1084;&#1099;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
          <td>A</td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1072;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1099;&#1081; &#1076;&#1086;&#1084;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1091;&#1102; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1082;&#1091;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1091;&#1102; &#1082;&#1074;&#1072;&#1088;&#1090;&#1080;&#1088;&#1091;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1077; &#1089;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1086;&#1077; &#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1083;&#1086;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1099;&#1093; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1086;&#1074;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1099;&#1077; &#1082;&#1086;&#1089;&#1090;&#1102;&#1084;&#1099;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
          <td>G</td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1072;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1076;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1081; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1082;&#1080;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1086;&#1081; &#1082;&#1074;&#1072;&#1088;&#1090;&#1080;&#1088;&#1099;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1089;&#1083;&#1086;&#1074;&#1072;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1082;&#1088;&#1077;&#1089;&#1083;&#1072;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;&#1099;&#1093; &#1089;&#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1086;&#1074;</em></span>
            </p>
            <p>
              <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1088;&#1099;&#1093; &#1082;&#1086;&#1089;&#1090;&#1102;&#1084;&#1086;&#1074;</em></span>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e8803"></a><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059;&#1087;&#1088;&#1072;&#1078;&#1085;&#1077;&#1085;&#1080;&#1077;</em></span> &#8470;18.</h3></div></div></div><p>Find examples of the Genitive case in Lessons 2-4.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch04s04.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch04s06.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening comprehension exercise&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>