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- <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">In case you were wondering</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch06.html" title="Chapter 6. Lesson 6"><link rel="prev" href="ch06s03.html" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"><link rel="next" href="ch06s05.html" title="Useful words and expressions"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch06s03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 6. Lesson 6</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch06s05.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e11688"></a>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e11690"></a>The Russian Verb</h3></div></div></div><p>Compared to the complexity of the English verbal system, the Russian one is quite
- simple.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"><col align="center" class="c3"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">PAST</td><td align="center"><p>I worked</p>
- <p>I did work</p>
- <p>I was working</p>
- <p>I had worked</p>
- <p>I had been working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я работал</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">PRESENT</td><td align="center"><p>I work</p>
- <p>I do work</p>
- <p>I am working</p>
- <p>I have worked</p>
- <p>I have been working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я работаю</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">FUTURE</td><td align="center"><p>I will work</p>
- <p>I will be working</p>
- <p>I will have worked</p>
- <p>I will have been working</p>
- <p>I am going to work</p>
- <p>I am going to be working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я буду
- работать</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e11730"></a>The Past Tense</h3></div></div></div><p>Past tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in the nominative case) in
- gender or number. To form the past tense, take the infinitive
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">работать</em></span>, drop the ending
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-ть</em></span> and add <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-л</em></span>,
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-ла</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-ло</em></span> or
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-ли</em></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Оно</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Они</em></span></strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы работали</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы работали</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно работало</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они работали</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e11796"></a>The Present Tense</h3></div></div></div><p>Present tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in the nominative case)
- in person and number. There are two conjugation patterns for the present tense. They differ
- only by the vowel which is used in the endings:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">First conjugation</th><th align="center">Second conjugation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я работаю</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я говорю</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты работаешь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты говоришь</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы работаем</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы говорим</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы работаете</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы говорите</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они работают</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они говорят</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e11847"></a>The future tense</h3></div></div></div><p>There are two ways to form verbs in the future tense:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Using a "helping verb" plus the<span class="bold"><strong> imperfective</strong></span>
- infinitive:</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Conjugating a <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span> infinitive:</p></li></ol></div><p>The terms <span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span> refer to the distinction between 2 verbs whose actual meaning is
- the same, but whose focus shifts from viewing the action as process (ongoing in the past,
- present or future) to viewing a "limit" having been reached (in the past or future; present
- is precluded). Sometimes this limit is an "end" (a result) and other times it is a
- "beginning". For a more complete explanation of this phenomenon, consult a Russian
- grammar.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch06s03.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch06.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch06s05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening Comprehension Exercise </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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