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FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"><head xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" profile=""><title>In case you were wondering</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/></head><body><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d0e42430" shape="rect"/>In case you were wondering</h1></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e42433" shape="rect"/>Telling time</h2></div></div></div><p>When you need to find out the time, ask: <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кото́рый (сейча́с) час</em></span></strong></span>?</p><p>You'll hear in reply:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup span="1"><col span="1"/><col span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сейча́с час.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">It's one o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сейча́с два часа́.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">It's two o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сейча́с де́сять часо́в.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">It's ten o'clock.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>When you need to know WHEN? you may use one of the following two</p><p>questions: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</em></span></strong></span></em></span> and <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В кото́ром
        часу́?</em></span></strong></span></p><p>There are two ways of answering these questions:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</em></span></strong></span></em></span> This is less specific and may
            be answered by saying:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup span="1"><col class="c1" span="1"/><col class="c2" span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У́тром.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">In the morning (from about 5:00 am to noon)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Днём.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">In the daytime (from noon to about 6:00 pm)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ве́чером.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">In the evening (from 6:00 pm to midnight)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Но́чью.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At night (from midnight to about 5:00 am)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В кото́ром
              часу́?</em></span></strong></span> This is more specific and indicates the hour:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup span="1"><col class="c1" span="1"/><col class="c2" span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В час.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At one o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В два/три/четы́ре
                    (часа́).</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At two/three/four o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В пять/шесть/семь
                    (часо́в)</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At five/six/seven o'clock.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                    <p>
                      <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В во́семь /де́вять /де́сять
                        (часо́в)</em></span>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                      <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В оди́ннадцать /двена́дцать
                        (часо́в)</em></span>
                    </p>
                  </td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                    <p>At eight /nine /ten </p>
                    <p>At eleven /twelve o'clock.</p>
                  </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>To indicate am add <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́чи</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́тра</em></span></strong></span> after the hour:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В час но́чи. В семь часо́в утра́.</em></span></p></div><p>For p_m, add <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дня</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ве́чера</em></span></strong></span>.</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В два часа́ дня. В оди́ннадцать часо́в
            ве́чера.</em></span></p><p>То indicate partial hours, Russian uses a very complex system which is gradually being
          replaced by a simpler one based on the 24-hour clock. Study the following examples:</p></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup span="1"><col span="1"/><col span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В час.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 1:00 am.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В четы́ре три́дцать.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 4:30 am.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В де́вять со́рок пять.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 9:45 am.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В трина́дцать де́сять.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 1:10 pm. (13:10)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В семна́дцать три́дцать.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 5:30 pm. (17:30)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В два́дцать пятна́дцать.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 8:15 pm. (20:15)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В два́дцать три три́дцать.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 11:30 pm. (23:30)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>But you will also hear these:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup span="1"><col span="1"/><col span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В полови́не пя́того утра́.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 4:30am. (lit. half five in the morning)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Без пятна́дцати де́сять
                утра́.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 9:45am. (lit. 10 less 15 [minutes])</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В де́сять мину́т второ́го.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 1:10pm. (lit. 10 minutes of the second hour)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В полови́не шесто́го
                ве́чера.</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">At 5:30pm. (lit. half six in the evening)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e42673" shape="rect"/>The Genitive Case to indicate absence or lack of</h2></div></div></div><p>Russian uses the Genitive case and the unchanging negative verb forms <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">НЕТ</em></span></strong></span> (present tense)
          <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">HÉ БЫЛО</em></span></strong></span>
        (past tense) and <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">HE
            БУ́ДЕТ</em></span></strong></span> (future tense) to show that someone or something is
        lacking/missing.</p><p>Compare the following sentences:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В но́мере есть телеви́зор. В но́мере нет.
              телеви́зора.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В гости́нице была́ по́чта. В гости́нице не́ было
              по́чты.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня́ бу́дут де́ньги. У меня́ не бу́дет
              де́нег.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e42705" shape="rect"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №37</h2></div></div></div><div class="informalexample"><p>Translate the following into English.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В ва́нной ко́мнате нет туале́тной
                бума́ги.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В но́мере нет телефо́на.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В гости́нице нет бюро́
              обслу́живания.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В гости́нице не́ было
                парикма́херской.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На этаже́ не́ было дежу́рной.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сего́дня нет администра́тора.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">За́втра не бу́дет го́рничной.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня́ нет дете́й.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У нас не́ было маши́ны.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У них не бу́дет свобо́дного
              вре́мени.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e42755" shape="rect"/>Collective numerals</h2></div></div></div><p>Russian uses special forms of the numerals with the words:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">су́тки</em></span> (a 24-hour period)</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">де́ти (children)</em></span></p></div><p>and a few others which exist only in the plural.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup span="1"><col class="c1" span="1"/><col class="c2" span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">одни́ су́тки</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(but: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оди́н ребёнок</em></span>,
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оди́н сын</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">одна́ дочь</em></span>)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дво́е су́ток</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дво́е дете́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тро́е су́ток</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тро́е дете́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">че́тверо су́ток</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">че́тверо дете́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пя́теро су́ток</em></span></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пя́теро дете́й</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Note that these numerals are ALWAYS followed by the noun in the GENITIVE PLURAL
        CASE.</p><p>Study the following examples:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мне ну́жен но́мер на дво́е
            су́ток.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ско́лько вы у нас пробу́дете?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Тро́е су́ток.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У вас есть де́ти?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Да, есть. Ско́лько?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Тро́е.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У нас дво́е дете́й: оди́н сын и одна́
              дочь.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У них больша́я семья́: че́тверо
            дете́й!</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div></div></body></html>