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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>The Russian intonation system</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch03s10.xhtml" title="In case you were wondering"/><link rel="next" href="ch03s12.xhtml" title="Useful words and expressions"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="The Russian intonation system" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e12476"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">The Russian intonation system</h2></div></div></div><p>Much in the same way as English does, Russian uses a system of rising and falling
    2. 

  2.       intonations within a sentence to indicate that it is: a declarative statement, a question or
    3. 

  3.       an exclamation. Examine the following English sentences. Note their punctuation and attempt to
    4. 

  4.       read them with the proper intonation:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard?</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard!</strong></span></p><p>Now listen as your instructor reads this set of similar sentences in Russian. Note where
    5. 

  5.       the "center" of intonation is (always on the word in question or a question word, in a
    6. 

  6.       question), and the rise and fall of the voice:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила
    7. 

  7.           МГУ.</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила
    8. 

  8.           МГУ?</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила
    9. 

  9.           МГУ!</em></span></strong></span></p><p>The Russian intonation patterns have been organized into a system which refers to them as
    10. 

  10.       "intonation constructions" or "ИК". There are 5 basic patterns:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p title="ИК-1"><span class="formalpara-title">ИК-1. </span>for declarative sentences, statements. The tone is even,with a slight falling off at
    11. 

  11.             the end. Often this intonation is perceived by speakers of English as "boring", but you
    12. 

  12.             should resist the temptation to "jazz it up".</p><p>For example:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя́ фами́лия Моро́зов. Меня́ зову́т Никола́й Петро́вич.
    13. 

  13.             Э́то моя́ жена́. Её зову́т Екатери́на Васи́льевна. Мы москвичи́. Мы живём в
    14. 

  14.             Москве́.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p title="ИК-2"><span class="formalpara-title">ИК-2. </span>for questions containing a question word (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span>
    15. 

  15.             <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">
    16. 

  16.                 Как?</em></span></strong></span>
    17. 

  17.             <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где?</em></span></strong></span>
    18. 

  18.             <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</em></span></strong></span>,
    19. 

  19.             etc.). The intonation rises on the question word and then drops and levels off for the
    20. 

  20.             rest of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто э́то? Что э́то?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как вас зову́т?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где вы живёте? Где вы
    21. 

  21.             рабо́таете?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́ вы прие́хали в Москву́?</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p title="ИК-3"><span class="formalpara-title">ИК-3. </span>for questions which do NOT contain a question word. This pattern is used to turn
    22. 

  22.             declarative sentences into questions without changing word order. The intonation rises
    23. 

  23.             on the word in question and then drops and levels off for the rest of the
    24. 

  24.             sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы говори́те по-ру́сски? Вы хорошо́ говори́те
    25. 

  25.               по-ру́сски?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском
    26. 

  26.               посо́льстве?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы давно́ в Москве́?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то ва́ша маши́на?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У вас есть де́ти?</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p title="ИК-4"><span class="formalpara-title">ИК-4. </span>for "incomplete" questions which are usually prefaced with «A..?». In a dialog,
    27. 

  27.             these refer back to a question asked previously. The intonation dips slightly at the
    28. 

  28.             beginning of the question, then rises sharply and continues to rise to the end of the
    29. 

  29.             sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Как дела́?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Оч́ень хорошо́, спаси́бо. А у вас? [А как у вас
    30. 

  30.               дела́?)</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой сын у́чится в университе́те. А ваш? (Где у́чится
    31. 

  31.               ваш сын?)</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ле́том мы пое́дем на Чёрное мо́ре. А вы? (Куда́ вы
    32. 

  32.               пое́дете ле́том?)</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p title="ИК-5"><span class="formalpara-title">ИК-5. </span>for exclamations which may be either sincere or sarcastic, depending on the context.
    33. 

  33.             The intonation rises at the beginning of the sentence, levels off, stays high and then
    34. 

  34.             drops at the end of the sentence.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="35%"/><col width="65%"/><tr>
    35. 

  35.             <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кака́я сего́дня пого́да!</em></span></td>
    36. 

  36.             <td>(the sun is shining, the sky is blue, the birds are singing...)</td>
    37. 

  37.           </tr><tr>
    38. 

  38.             <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кака́я сего́дня пого́да!</em></span></td>
    39. 

  39.             <td>(it's raining cats and dogs, the wind is howling...)</td>
    40. 

  40.           </tr><tr>
    41. 

  41.             <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й у него́ го́лос!</em></span></td>
    42. 

  42.             <td>(a real Pavarotti!)</td>
    43. 

  43.           </tr><tr>
    44. 

  44.             <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й у него́ го́лос!</em></span></td>
    45. 

  45.             <td>(he couldn't carry a tune in a bushel basket...)</td>
    46. 

  46.           </tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p>Now close your books and listen carefully as your instructor reads the following sentences
    47. 

  47.       aloud. Can you identify which are statements, and which are questions?</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1cm"/><col width="394"/><tr valign="top">
    48. 

  48.           <td align="left">1.</td>
    49. 

  49.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ - столи́ца
    50. 

  50.               Росси́и.</em></span></td>
    51. 

  51.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    52. 

  52.           <td>2.</td>
    53. 

  53.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ столи́ца
    54. 

  54.               Росси́и?</em></span></td>
    55. 

  55.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    56. 

  56.           <td align="left">3.</td>
    57. 

  57.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском
    58. 

  58.               посо́льстве.</em></span></td>
    59. 

  59.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    60. 

  60.           <td align="left">4.</td>
    61. 

  61.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском
    62. 

  62.               посол́ьстве?</em></span></td>
    63. 

  63.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    64. 

  64.           <td align="left">5.</td>
    65. 

  65.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Его́ зову́т Евге́ний
    66. 

  66.               Петрович.</em></span></td>
    67. 

  67.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    68. 

  68.           <td align="left">6.</td>
    69. 

  69.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Его зовут Евгений
    70. 

  70.               Петро́вич?</em></span></td>
    71. 

  71.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    72. 

  72.           <td align="left">7.</td>
    73. 

  73.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У неё дво́е
    74. 

  74.               дете́й.</em></span></td>
    75. 

  75.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    76. 

  76.           <td align="left">8.</td>
    77. 

  77.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У неё дво́е
    78. 

  78.               дете́й?</em></span></td>
    79. 

  79.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    80. 

  80.           <td>9.</td>
    81. 

  81.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А у вас? Как у вас
    82. 

  82.               дела́?</em></span></td>
    83. 

  83.         </tr><tr valign="top">
    84. 

  84.           <td align="left">10</td>
    85. 

  85.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кака́я интере́сная
    86. 

  86.               карти́на!</em></span></td>
    87. 

  87.         </tr></table></div></div><p>The chart on the next page gives you a visual representation of these intonation
    88. 

  88.       constructions.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="10%"/><col width="15%"/><col width="25%"/><col width="25%"/><col width="25%"/><thead align="center"><tr valign="top">
    89. 

  89.           <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="bold"><strong>ик</strong></span></td>
    90. 

  90.           <td colspan="4">TABLE OF INTONATION CONSTRUCTIONS</td>
    91. 

  91.         </tr></thead><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    92. 

  92.           <td valign="middle">ИК-1</td>
    93. 

  93.           <td>
    94. 

  94.             <div class="mediaobject"><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-1.png"/></div>
    95. 

  95.             <p>
    96. 

  96.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь.</em></span>
    97. 

  97.             </p>
    98. 

  98.           </td>
    99. 

  99.           <td>
    100. 

  100.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    101. 

  101.             <p>
    102. 

  102.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь остано́вка.</em></span>
    103. 

  103.             </p>
    104. 

  104.           </td>
    105. 

  105.           <td align="left">
    106. 

  106.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    107. 

  107.             <p>
    108. 

  108.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то пя́тый авто́бус.</em></span>
    109. 

  109.             </p>
    110. 

  110.           </td>
    111. 

  111.           <td>
    112. 

  112.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    113. 

  113.             <p>
    114. 

  114.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот университе́т.</em></span>
    115. 

  115.             </p>
    116. 

  116.           </td>
    117. 

  117.         </tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    118. 

  118.           <td valign="middle">ИК-2</td>
    119. 

  119.           <td>
    120. 

  120.             <div class="mediaobject"><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-1.png"/></div>
    121. 

  121.             <p>
    122. 

  122.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span>
    123. 

  123.             </p>
    124. 

  124.           </td>
    125. 

  125.           <td>
    126. 

  126.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    127. 

  127.             <p>
    128. 

  128.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где он живёт?</em></span>
    129. 

  129.             </p>
    130. 

  130.           </td>
    131. 

  131.           <td>
    132. 

  132.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    133. 

  133.             <p>
    134. 

  134.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Почему́ так?</em></span>
    135. 

  135.             </p>
    136. 

  136.           </td>
    137. 

  137.           <td>
    138. 

  138.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    139. 

  139.             <p>
    140. 

  140.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что эт́о?</em></span>
    141. 

  141.             </p>
    142. 

  142.           </td>
    143. 

  143.         </tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    144. 

  144.           <td valign="middle">ИК-3</td>
    145. 

  145.           <td>
    146. 

  146.             <div class="mediaobject"><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-1.png"/></div>
    147. 

  147.             <p>
    148. 

  148.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь?</em></span>
    149. 

  149.             </p>
    150. 

  150.           </td>
    151. 

  151.           <td>
    152. 

  152.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    153. 

  153.             <p>
    154. 

  154.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Здесь остано́вка?</em></span>
    155. 

  155.             </p>
    156. 

  156.           </td>
    157. 

  157.           <td>
    158. 

  158.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    159. 

  159.             <p>
    160. 

  160.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Э́то пя́тый авто́бус?</em></span>
    161. 

  161.             </p>
    162. 

  162.           </td>
    163. 

  163.           <td>
    164. 

  164.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    165. 

  165.             <p>
    166. 

  166.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́ поёт?</em></span>
    167. 

  167.             </p>
    168. 

  168.           </td>
    169. 

  169.         </tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    170. 

  170.           <td valign="middle">ИК-4</td>
    171. 

  171.           <td>
    172. 

  172.             <div class="mediaobject"><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-1.png"/></div>
    173. 

  173.             <p>
    174. 

  174.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А вы?</em></span>
    175. 

  175.             </p>
    176. 

  176.           </td>
    177. 

  177.           <td>
    178. 

  178.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    179. 

  179.             <p>
    180. 

  180.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А ваш сын?</em></span>
    181. 

  181.             </p>
    182. 

  182.           </td>
    183. 

  183.           <td>
    184. 

  184.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    185. 

  185.             <p>
    186. 

  186.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А пя́тый авто́бус?</em></span>
    187. 

  187.             </p>
    188. 

  188.           </td>
    189. 

  189.           <td>
    190. 

  190.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    191. 

  191.             <p>
    192. 

  192.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А университе́т?</em></span>
    193. 

  193.             </p>
    194. 

  194.           </td>
    195. 

  195.         </tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top">
    196. 

  196.           <td valign="middle">ИК-5</td>
    197. 

  197.           <td valign="middle">-------</td>
    198. 

  198.           <td>
    199. 

  199.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-2.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    200. 

  200.             <p>
    201. 

  201.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как она́ танцу́ет!</em></span>
    202. 

  202.             </p>
    203. 

  203.           </td>
    204. 

  204.           <td>
    205. 

  205.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-3.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    206. 

  206.             <p>
    207. 

  207.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Замеча́тельный го́лос!</em></span>
    208. 

  208.             </p>
    209. 

  209.           </td>
    210. 

  210.           <td>
    211. 

  211.             <div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 106px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-4.png" width="106"/></td></tr></table></div>
    212. 

  212.             <p>
    213. 

  213.               <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Настоя́щая весна́!</em></span>
    214. 

  214.             </p>
    215. 

  215.           </td>
    216. 

  216.         </tr></tbody></table></div></section><footer/></body></html>
    217.