ch07s18.xhtml 16 KB

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch07s17.xhtml" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch07s19.xhtml" title="Personal Pronouns"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="In case you were wondering" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e27226"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><section class="section" title="The Dative Case" epub:type="division" id="d0e27229"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">The Dative Case</h3></div></div></div><p>The dative case is used to indicate the <span class="bold"><strong>indirect object</strong></span>
  2. in the sentence. In English, the indirect object will often follow a preposition such as
  3. "to" (I wrote a letter to my brother) or "for" (I bought this book for my sister.) In
  4. Russian, no preposition is needed in these sentences.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я написа́л письмо́ <span class="bold"><strong>бра́ту</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я купи́ла э́ту кни́гу <span class="bold"><strong>сестре́</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p>Other uses of the dative case in Russian include:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>telling your age:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Мне</strong></span>
  5. пятьдеся́т лет.</em></span></td><td>I'm 50 years old.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Ей</strong></span>
  6. пятна́дцать лет.</em></span></td><td>She's 15 years old.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Ива́ну</strong></span> со́рок
  7. лет.</em></span></td><td>Ivan's 40 years old.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>describing how you feel:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Мне</strong></span>
  8. хо́лодно.</em></span></td><td>I'm cold.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Ему́</strong></span>
  9. ску́чно.</em></span></td><td>He's bored.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Та́не</strong></span>
  10. интере́сно.</em></span></td><td>Tanya's interested.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>indicating that you like someone or something:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́тот самова́р <span class="bold"><strong>мне
  11. </strong></span>нра́вится.</em></span></td><td>I like that samovar.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Нам</strong></span> нра́вится
  12. наш преподава́тель.</em></span></td><td>We like our teacher.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Де́тям</strong></span> не
  13. нра́вится учи́тельница.</em></span></td><td>The kids don't like their teacher.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>with certain prepositions and verbs</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду́ к <span class="bold"><strong>врачу</strong></span>́.</em></span></td><td>I'm going to the doctor.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт <span class="bold"><strong>по
  14. у́лице</strong></span>.</em></span></td><td>He's walking along the street.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы <span class="bold"><strong>мне</strong></span>
  15. меша́ете.</em></span></td><td>You're bothering me.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>The table below shows the forms of the Dative Case forms (D) for nouns and adjectives,
  16. and compares them to the Nominative (N), Accusative (A), Genitive (G) and Locative (L)
  17. forms.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; " colspan="2">
  18. <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OH</em></span></p>
  19. </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  20. <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></p>
  21. </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  22. <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО́</em></span></p>
  23. </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  24. <p>N</p>
  25. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  26. <p>
  27. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вый студе́нт </em></span>
  28. </p>
  29. <p>
  30. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span>
  31. </p>
  32. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  33. <p>
  34. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вая студе́нтка </em></span>
  35. </p>
  36. <p>
  37. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рая кварти́ра</em></span>
  38. </p>
  39. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  40. <p>
  41. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во</em></span>
  42. </p>
  43. <p>
  44. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое крес́ло</em></span>
  45. </p>
  46. </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  47. <p>
  48. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые студе́нты</em></span>
  49. </p>
  50. <p>
  51. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span>
  52. </p>
  53. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  54. <p>A</p>
  55. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  56. <p>
  57. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта </em></span>
  58. </p>
  59. <p>
  60. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span>
  61. </p>
  62. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  63. <p>
  64. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вую студе́нтку </em></span>
  65. </p>
  66. <p>
  67. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рую кварти́ру</em></span>
  68. </p>
  69. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  70. <p>
  71. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во </em></span>
  72. </p>
  73. <p>
  74. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое кре́сло</em></span>
  75. </p>
  76. </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  77. <p>
  78. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span>
  79. </p>
  80. <p>
  81. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span>
  82. </p>
  83. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  84. <p>G</p>
  85. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  86. <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта</em></span>
  87. </p>
  88. <p>
  89. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого до́ма</em></span>
  90. </p>
  91. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  92. <p>
  93. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтки </em></span>
  94. </p>
  95. <p>
  96. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ры</em></span>
  97. </p>
  98. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  99. <p>
  100. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого сло́ва </em></span>
  101. </p>
  102. <p>
  103. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого кре́сла</em></span>
  104. </p>
  105. </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  106. <p>
  107. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span>
  108. </p>
  109. <p>
  110. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рых костю́мов</em></span>
  111. </p>
  112. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  113. <p>L</p>
  114. </td><td style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  115. <p>
  116. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вом студе́нте </em></span>
  117. </p>
  118. <p>
  119. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́ром до́ме</em></span>
  120. </p>
  121. </td><td style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  122. <p>
  123. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вой студе́нтке </em></span>
  124. </p>
  125. <p>
  126. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́рой кварти́ре</em></span>
  127. </p>
  128. </td><td style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  129. <p>
  130. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в но́вом сло́ве</em></span>
  131. </p>
  132. <p>
  133. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́ром кре́сле</em></span>
  134. </p>
  135. </td><td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
  136. <p>
  137. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в но́вых студе́нтах</em></span>
  138. </p>
  139. <p>
  140. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́рых костю́мах</em></span>
  141. </p>
  142. </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">
  143. <p>D</p>
  144. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">
  145. <p>
  146. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вому студе́нту </em></span>
  147. </p>
  148. <p>
  149. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рому до́му</em></span>
  150. </p>
  151. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">
  152. <p>
  153. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтке </em></span>
  154. </p>
  155. <p>
  156. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ре</em></span>
  157. </p>
  158. </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">
  159. <p>
  160. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вому сло́ву </em></span>
  161. </p>
  162. <p>
  163. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рому кре́слу</em></span>
  164. </p>
  165. </td><td>
  166. <p>
  167. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтам</em></span>
  168. </p>
  169. <p>
  170. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым костю́мам</em></span>
  171. </p>
  172. </td></tr></tbody></table></div></section></section><footer/></body></html>