| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849 |
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch08s09.xhtml" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch08s11.xhtml" title="Ordinal Numbers"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="In case you were wondering" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e32319"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><section class="section" title="The Imperative" epub:type="division" id="d0e32322"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">The Imperative</h3></div></div></div><p>The imperative is the form of the verb used when you are asking/telling someone to do
- something. As such, it is often referred to as the command form. In English, we often add a
- "please" to the command form to turn it into a request. In Russian, the presence or absence
- of <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пожа́луйста</em></span></strong></span>
- does not determine the difference between a command and a request. That function is
- performed by something called aspect (imperfective and perfective verbs). More about this
- later.</p><p>Here are the most basic rules for forming the imperative:</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Start with the <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они</em></span></strong></span>́ form of the verb. Completely remove that
- ending:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="width: 4cm; " class="c1"/><col style="width: 4cm; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принесу́т</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принес-</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пока́жут</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">покаж-</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ска́жут</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">скаж-</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пла́тят</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плат-</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иду́т</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ид-</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поздра́вят</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поздрав-</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рабо́тают</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">работа-</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чита́ют</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чита-</em></span></p>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>and add <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-и</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-ь</em></span> (if what is left ends in a consonant):</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принеси́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">покажи́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">скажи́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плати́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иди́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бу́дьте</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поздра́вьте</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>or add -й (if what is left ends in a vowel):</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">работай́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">читай́те</em></span></p></li></ul></div><p>Of course, you will find exceptions to this rule, so your best bet will be to simply
- memorize those imperative forms which you will hear or use most often.</p><p>As Russian makes a distinction between the informal <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> and the formal/plural <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span>, you will need to make that
- distinction with the imperative forms. The forms shown above are for <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span>. То make the <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> forms, simply drop
- the ending -те:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принеси́</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">покажи́</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">скажи́</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">будь</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рабо́тай</em></span>, etc.</p></div><p>A command/request NOT to do something is made by simply adding <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">не</em></span></strong></span> in front of the
- imperative. Negative commands are usually formed using imperfective verbs. The imperatives
- <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рабо́тай</em></span></strong></span> and
- <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чита́й</em></span></strong></span> are
- examples of these.</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">He рабо́тай (-те)</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">He чита́й (-те)</em></span></p></div></section><section class="section" title="Упражне́ние №24." epub:type="division" id="d0e32548"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №24.</h3></div></div></div><p>Go back through Lessons 1-6 and find imperative forms. Take note of when and how they
- are used; explain what they mean. With your instructor's help try to use them
- yourself.</p></section><section class="section" title="Упражне́ние №25." epub:type="division" id="d0e32555"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №25.</h3></div></div></div><div class="informalexample"><p>Translate the following:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Show me, please...</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Tell me, please...</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Please bring (me)...</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Be so kind.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Don't work!</p></li></ol></div></div></section></section><footer/></body></html>
|
