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FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>The Instrumental Case</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch08s11.xhtml" title="Ordinal Numbers"/><link rel="next" href="ch08s13.xhtml" title="Personal Pronouns"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="The Instrumental Case" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e32978"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">The Instrumental Case</h2></div></div></div><p>Now you have seen all six of the cases in Russian. Like the Genitive, Dative and
      Accusative cases, the Instrumental may be used both with and without a preposition. Recall
      that the Nominative is NEVER used with a preposition and the Locative/Prepositional is ALWAYS
      used with one.</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Most often, the Instrumental is used with the preposition "<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">с</em></span></strong></span>" to indicate accompaniment;
          "with" in English:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хочу́ хлеб с ма́слом.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На заку́ску принеси́те грибы́ со
              смета́ной.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы обе́даем с друзья́ми.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The Instrumental is also used without a preposition to indicate the means by which
          something is done (English "with" again), or the manner in which the action is
          accomplished:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он ест суп ло́жкой.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он говорит гро́мким го́лосом.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The Instrumental is used to answer the question <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span> When? with parts of the day and
          seasons of the year:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span></p>
                </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</em></span></strong></span></p>
                </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́тро</em></span></p>
                </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́тром</em></span></p>
                </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">день</em></span></p>
                </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">днём</em></span></p>
                </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ве́чер</em></span></p>
                </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ве́чером</em></span></p>
                </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночь </em></span></p>
                </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́чью </em></span></p>
                </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">весна́</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">весно́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ле́то</em></span></p>
                </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ле́том</em></span></p>
                </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́сень</em></span></p>
                </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́сенью</em></span></p>
                </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зима́</em></span></p>
                </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
                  <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зимо́й</em></span></p>
                </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>The table below shows the Instrumental Case forms for the singular and plural forms of
      nouns and adjectives and compares them to the Nominative (N), Genitive (G), Dative (D),
      Accusative (A) and Locative (L).</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; " colspan="2">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">0H</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО́</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">N</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вый студе́нт </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вая студе́нтка </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рая кварти́ра</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое кре́сло</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые студе́нты</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span>
              </p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вую студе́нтку </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рую кварти́ру</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое кре́сло</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span>
              </p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">G</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого до́ма</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтки</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ры</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого сло́ва </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого кре́сла</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рых костю́мов</em></span>
              </p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">L</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вом студе́нте </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́ром до́ме</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вой студе́нтке</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́рой кварти́ре</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в но́вом сло́ве </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́ром кре́сле</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вых студе́нтах</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́рых костю́мах</em></span>
              </p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">D</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вому студе́нту </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рому до́му</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтке </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ре</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вому сло́ву </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рому кре́слу</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтам</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым костю́мам</em></span>
              </p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">I</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтом</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым до́мом</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нткой </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́рой</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым сло́вом </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым кре́слом</em></span>
              </p>
            </td><td>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтами</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рыми костю́мами</em></span>
              </p>
            </td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><footer/></body></html>