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ch09s10.xhtml

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch09s09.xhtml" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch09s11.xhtml" title="In case you were wondering"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="In case you were wondering" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e38154"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Verbs of Motion" epub:type="division" id="d0e38157"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">Verbs of Motion</h3></div></div></div><p>When speaking of actions which involve motion, either with or without some form of
    2. 

  2.         transport, Russian uses a system of verbs commonly referred to as the "verbs of motion".
    3. 

  3.         These verbs are grouped in a way unique from other verbs and, in many respects, follow their
    4. 

  4.         own logic and system in terms of usage. The following is a very brief and schematic
    5. 

  5.         explanation of these verbs. For more detailed information, you should consult any of the
    6. 

  6.         handbooks on Russian grammar available.</p></section><section class="section" title="&#34;Going&#34; verbs" epub:type="division" id="d0e38162"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">"Going" verbs</h3></div></div></div><p>There are 3 verbs which convey the message of simply "going":</p><p>These are:</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́ть</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти́</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пойти́</em></span></p></li></ul></div><p>To best understand how these are used, study the examples below:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́ть</em></span> (multi-directional,
    7. 

  7.             indeterminate)</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Де́ти хо́дят в шко́лу.</em></span></td><td>The children go to school. (They make regular trips there and
    8. 

  8.                     back.)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Де́ти хо́дят по
    9. 

  9.                     па́рку.</em></span></td><td>The children are strolling about the park. (random motion, no goal)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Де́ти ходи́ли в кино́.</em></span></td><td>The children went to the movies. (They made one round trip, there and
    10. 

  10.                     back.)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ребёнок уже́ хо́дит.</em></span></td><td>The child is already walking. (He/she can perform the action.)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Идти́</em></span> (uni-directional,
    11. 

  11.             determinate)</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт по у́лице.</em></span></td><td>He's going along the street. (action in progress, directed toward a
    12. 

  12.                     goal)</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́ он шёл в магази́н, он
    13. 

  13.                       встре́тил своего́ дру́га.</em></span></td><td>While on his way to the store, he met his friend. (goal-directed action in
    14. 

  14.                     progress, "intersected" by a secondary action)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пойти́</em></span> (setting out; future intent to
    15. 

  15.             go)</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где ва́ша сестра́? Она пошла́ в
    16. 

  16.                       библиоте́ку.</em></span></td><td>Where's your sister? She's left for the library.</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">За́втра мы пойдём в
    17. 

  17.                     музе́й.</em></span></td><td>Tomorrow we'll go to the museum.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>All these verbs simply convey the meaning of "going" and say nothing about HOW that
    18. 

  18.         action will be accomplished. If it is necessary to emphasize that you will be "walking", you
    19. 

  19.         need to add <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пешком</em></span> after the verb.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У́тром де́ти иду́т в шко́лу
    20. 

  20.                   пешко́м.</em></span></td><td>The children walk to school in the morning.</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я люблю́ ходит́ь пешко́м.</em></span></td><td>I like to walk</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Они́ хотя́т пойти́ в музе́й
    21. 

  21.                   пешко́м.</em></span></td><td>They want to walk to the museum.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="&#34;Transport&#34; verbs" epub:type="division" id="d0e38291"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">"Transport" verbs</h3></div></div></div><p>If you are emphasizing that you are using a form of transportation, you will use the
    22. 

  22.         following verbs:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́здить</em></span></strong></span>
    23. 

  23.         (for <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́ть</em></span></strong></span>)
    24. 

  24.           <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́хать</em></span></strong></span> (for
    25. 

  25.           <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти́</em></span></strong></span>)
    26. 

  26.           <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пое́хать</em></span></strong></span>
    27. 

  27.         (for <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пойти</em></span></strong></span>́)
    28. 

  28.         and indicate, if you wish, the form of transport in the following manner:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на маши́не</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на
    29. 

  29.           авто́бусе</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на трамва́е</em></span>,
    30. 

  30.           <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на метро́</em></span>, etc.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>For example</strong></span>:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border: none;"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; ">
    31. 

  31.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы е́здили туда́ на маши́не.
    32. 

  32.                     </em></span></p>
    33. 

  33.                 </td><td>
    34. 

  34.                   <p>We went there by car. </p>
    35. 

  35.                 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он лю́бит е́здить на
    36. 

  36.                   метро́.</em></span></td><td>He likes to take the metro.</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы пое́дем в Москву́ на
    37. 

  37.                   по́езде.</em></span></td><td>We'll take the train to Moscow.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Note</strong></span>:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Авто́бус (тролле́йбус, трамва́й, по́езд):
    38. 

  38.             хо́дит/идёт.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Маши́на: е́здит/е́дет.</em></span></p></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>For example:</strong></span></p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот идёт наш авто́бус.</em></span></p><p>There goes our bus.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы не зна́ете, како́й трамва́й идёт до
    39. 

  39.             библиоте́ки?</em></span></p><p>Would you happen to know which bus goes to the library?</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Смотри́те! Вот е́дет маши́на
    40. 

  40.           президе́нта!</em></span></p><p>Look! There goes the President's car!</p></div></section></section><footer/></body></html>
    41.