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  3. <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">Rule 1: the vowels o and a</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Lesson 1"><link rel="prev" href="ch01s05.html" title="Spelling and pronunciation"><link rel="next" href="ch01s07.html" title="Rule 2: The vowels &#1077; and &#1103;"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Rule 1: the vowels o and a</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s05.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Lesson 1</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch01s07.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e2573"></a>Rule 1: the vowels o and a</h2></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>In Russian, the vowels &#1086; and a are pronounced as &#1086; and a only when they are stressed.
  4. Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
  5. instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
  6. exercise on the tape for this lesson.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1086;&#1088;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1080;&#1085;&#1086;&#769;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1083;&#1080;&#1084;&#1086;&#769;&#1085;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1072;&#1090;&#1088;&#1080;&#1086;&#769;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1073;&#1102;&#1088;&#1086;&#769;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1086;&#1088;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#769;&#1088;&#1084;&#1072;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1078;&#1072;&#1088;&#1075;&#1086;&#769;&#1085;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1086;&#769;&#1083;&#1075;&#1072;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1080;&#1085;&#1086;&#769;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1079;&#1086;&#769;&#1085;&#1072;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1084;&#1077;&#1090;&#1088;&#1086;&#769;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1080;&#1086;&#769;&#1089;&#1082;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1086;&#769;&#1092;&#1077;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#769;&#1084;&#1077;&#1088;</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>In Russian, the vowels &#1086; and a are pronounced as &#1086; and a only when they are stressed.
  7. Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your
  8. instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after him/her. You'll also find this
  9. exercise on the tape for this lesson. Now listen and repeat:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1074;&#1072;&#769;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1086;&#1085;&#1094;&#1077;&#769;&#1088;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1072;&#1085;&#1072;&#769;&#1083;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1072;&#1074;&#1072;&#769;&#1085;&#1089;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1101;&#769;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1086;&#1084;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;&#1072;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1050;&#1072;&#1085;&#1072;&#769;&#1076;&#1072;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1072;&#1073;&#1089;&#1091;&#769;&#1088;&#1076;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1088;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072;&#769;&#1085;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1075;&#1072;&#1079;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;&#1072;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1055;&#1077;&#1085;&#1090;&#1072;&#1075;&#1086;&#769;&#1085;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1072;&#1086;&#769;&#1088;&#1090;&#1072;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1082;&#1082;&#1077;&#769;&#1081;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1073;&#1072;&#1083;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1080;&#1087;&#1083;&#1086;&#1084;&#1072;&#769;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1088;&#1082;&#1077;&#769;&#1089;&#1090;&#1088;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1088;&#1086;&#1090;&#1077;&#769;&#1089;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1091;&#1072;&#1083;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1072;&#1101;&#1088;&#1086;&#1087;&#1086;&#769;&#1088;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1082;&#1077;&#1072;&#769;&#1085;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1086;&#1083;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;&#769;&#1081;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1073;&#1072;&#1085;&#1072;&#769;&#1085;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1072;&#1075;&#1088;&#1086;&#1085;&#1086;&#769;&#1084;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;&#1084;&#1077;&#769;&#1075;&#1072;</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>In all other unstressed syllables both vowels <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1086;</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1072;</em></span> are pronounced
  10. like the short, indistinct "a" in tuna. Look at the following words and note the syllable
  11. which is stressed. Now listen and repeat:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1072;&#769;&#1089;&#1087;&#1086;&#1088;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1084;&#1072;&#769;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1088;&#1072;&#769;&#1082;&#1090;&#1086;&#1088;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1075;&#1072;&#769;&#1084;&#1084;&#1072;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1072;&#769;&#1090;&#1086;&#1084;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1072;&#769;&#1095;&#1072;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1076;&#1086;&#769;&#1082;&#1090;&#1086;&#1088;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1072;&#1084;&#1086;&#1074;&#1072;&#769;&#1088;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1092;&#1086;&#769;&#1090;&#1086;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1076;&#1080;&#1086;&#769;&#1085;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1101;&#769;&#1082;&#1089;&#1087;&#1086;&#1088;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1044;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;&#769;&#1084;&#1086;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1051;&#1086;&#769;&#1085;&#1076;&#1086;&#1085;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1084;&#1086;&#1083;&#1086;&#1082;&#1086;&#769;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1088;&#1086;&#769;&#1085;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1072;&#769;&#1096;&#1072;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1082;&#1083;&#1080;&#769;&#1084;&#1072;&#1090;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1084;&#1072;&#1096;&#1080;&#769;&#1085;&#1072;</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s05.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch01.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch01s07.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Spelling and pronunciation&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Rule 2: The vowels <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1103;</em></span></td></tr></table></div></body></html>