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  3.    <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">When to use &#1042;&#1099; and &#1058;&#1099;</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Lesson 3"><link rel="prev" href="ch03s02.html" title="Russian names"><link rel="next" href="ch03s04.html" title="Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">When to use <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1099;</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1099;</em></span></th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s02.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Lesson 3</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch03s04.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e6275"></a>When to use <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1099;</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1099;</em></span></h2></div></div></div><p>Russian, unlike English, has two different forms of the second person singular pronoun
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  4.       "you": <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span>
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  5.       and <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span>.
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  6.       Compare these to the French <span class="bold"><strong>Vous</strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong>tu</strong></span> or the German <span class="bold"><strong>Sie</strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong>du</strong></span>. The <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span> form is also the second person plural.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span> is
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  7.       used in formal situations, work settings, when speaking to a superior or to someone older, to
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  8.       whom you wish to show a degree of respect. <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span> indicates distance (emotional, social or
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  9.       chronological).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span> is
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  10.       used in informal situations, family relationships (between spouses, parents and children,
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  11.       between siblings and with other relatives), when speaking to someone younger than you.
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  12.         <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span>
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  13.       indicates closeness (in age or in terms of friendship and intimacy).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span>-forms of address can be full first name plus patronymic,
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  14.       full first name minus patronymic, or shortened first name only. <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span>-forms of address will be
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  15.       first name only, either full or shortened.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1058;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span> is
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  16.       always used when addressing God, speaking to children (your own or anyone's) and calling your
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  17.       cat or dog.</p><p>When they first meet, adults will usually begin by addressing each other as <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span>. At some point
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  18.       in time in the relationship, one may suggest to the other that they change to <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1090;&#1099;</em></span></strong></span> by saying:
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  19.         <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1044;&#1072;&#1074;&#1072;&#769;&#1081;&#1090;&#1077; &#1087;&#1077;&#1088;&#1077;&#1081;&#1076;&#1105;&#1084; &#1085;&#1072;
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  20.           &#1090;&#1099;;</em></span></strong></span> &#1086;&#1075; <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1086;&#769;&#1078;&#1085;&#1086; &#1085;&#1072; &#1090;&#1099;?</em></span></strong></span> If this is mutually agreeable, the
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  21.       relationship passes onto a new level; some people even make a ritual of it by drinking
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  22.         <span class="bold"><strong>"<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1073;&#1088;&#1091;&#1076;&#1077;&#1088;&#1096;&#1072;&#769;&#1092;&#1090;</em></span>"</strong></span>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s02.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch03.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch03s04.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Russian names&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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