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- <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">In case you were wondering</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch04.html" title="Chapter 4. Lesson 4"><link rel="prev" href="ch04s04.html" title="Listening comprehension exercise"><link rel="next" href="ch04s06.html" title="Useful words and expressions"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch04s04.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 4. Lesson 4</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch04s06.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e8713"></a>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e8715"></a>The genitive case</h3></div></div></div><p>The Genitive case has a number of different functions, the most important ones
- being:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>- showing possession (the 's form in English)</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то маши́на
- Ива́на.</em></span></td>
- <td>This is Ivan's car</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то кни́га
- Мари́ны.</em></span></td>
- <td>This is Marina's book.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́ живёт в до́ме
- роди́телей.</em></span></td>
- <td>She lives in her parents' house.</td>
- </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating a noun which modifies another noun</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он мэр
- Москвы́.</em></span></td>
- <td>Не is the mayor of Moscow.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то уче́бник ру́сского
- языка́.</em></span></td>
- <td>This is a Russian language textbook.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́ учи́тельница
- матема́тики.</em></span></td>
- <td>She is a math teacher.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стака́н
- молока́</em></span></td>
- <td>a glass of milk</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">остано́вка
- авто́буса</em></span></td>
- <td>a bus stop</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">буты́лка
- вина́</em></span></td>
- <td>a bottle of wine</td>
- </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating quantity with numbers</p><p>2,3,4: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кни́ги</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">до́ма</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">окна</em></span>́ (Gen. singular)</p><p>5-20: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">книг</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домо́в</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">око́н</em></span> (Gen. plural)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating absence of someone or something using the word <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нет</em></span> (the opposite of <span lang="ru" class="bold"><strong>есть)</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Есть
- кни́ги.</em></span></td>
- <td>There are books.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет
- книг.</em></span></td>
- <td>There aren't (any) books.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Есть
- вре́мя.</em></span></td>
- <td>There is time.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет
- вре́мени.</em></span></td>
- <td>There's no time.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У него́ есть
- сын.</em></span></td>
- <td>He has a son.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У него́ нет
- сы́на.</em></span></td>
- <td>He doesn't have a son.</td>
- </tr><tr valign="top">
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ива́н сего́дня на
- уро́ке.</em></span></td>
- <td>Ivan is in class today.</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td valign="top"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ива́на нет
- сего́дня на уро́ке.</em></span></td>
- <td>Ivan is not in class today.</td>
- </tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating possession with preposition у followed by a noun or pronoun plus the
- word <span lang="ru" class="bold"><strong>есть</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>меня́
- </strong></span>есть....</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>них
- </strong></span>есть...</em></span>.</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>Ива́на</strong></span>
- есть....</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>Ири́ны</strong></span>
- есть....</em></span></p><p>Note that the object owned is in the <span class="bold"><strong>nominative
- case</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня́ есть <span class="bold"><strong>кни́га</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У них есть <span class="bold"><strong>де́ти</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У Ива́на есть <span class="bold"><strong>маши́на.</strong></span></em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У Ири́ны есть <span class="bold"><strong>соба́ка.</strong></span></em></span></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e8843"></a>Personal pronouns</h3></div></div></div><p>The table below shows the forms of the Genitive case (G) for nouns and adjectives and
- compares them to Nominative case (N) and Accusative case (A).</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1cm"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><thead><tr align="center" valign="top">
- <td></td>
- <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OH</em></span></td>
- <td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></strong></span></td>
- <td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО́</em></span></strong></span></td>
- <td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></strong></span></td>
- </tr></thead><tr align="center" valign="top">
- <td>N</td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вый студе́нт</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вая студе́нтка</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рая кварти́ра</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во</em></span>
- </p>
- <p lang="ru">ста́рое кре́сло</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые студе́нты</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
- <td>A</td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вую студе́нтку</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рую кварти́ру</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое кре́сло</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
- <td>G</td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого до́ма</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтки</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ры</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого сло́ва</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого кре́сла</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рых костю́мов</em></span>
- </p>
- </td>
- </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e8931"></a><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №18.</h3></div></div></div><p>Find examples of the Genitive case in Lessons 2-4.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch04s04.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch04s06.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening comprehension exercise </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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