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  3.    <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">In case you were wondering</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch09.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;9.&nbsp;Lesson 9"><link rel="prev" href="ch09s09.html" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"><link rel="next" href="ch09s11.html" title="In case you were wondering"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch09s09.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;9.&nbsp;Lesson 9</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch09s11.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e21501"></a>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e21503"></a>Verbs of Motion</h3></div></div></div><p>When speaking of actions which involve motion, either with or without some form of
    4. 

  4.         transport, Russian uses a system of verbs commonly referred to as the "verbs of motion".
    5. 

  5.         These verbs are grouped in a way unique from other verbs and, in many respects, follow their
    6. 

  6.         own logic and system in terms of usage. The following is a very brief and schematic
    7. 

  7.         explanation of these verbs. For more detailed information, you should consult any of the
    8. 

  8.         handbooks on Russian grammar available.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e21506"></a>"Going" verbs</h3></div></div></div><p>There are 3 verbs which convey the message of simply "going":</p><p>These are:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1090;&#1080;&#769;</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1081;&#1090;&#1080;&#769;</em></span></p></li></ul></div><p>To best understand how these are used, study the examples below:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span> (multi-directional,
    9. 

  9.             indeterminate)</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1044;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;&#1080; &#1093;&#1086;&#769;&#1076;&#1103;&#1090; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#769;&#1083;&#1091;.</em></span></td><td>The children go to school. (They make regular trips there and
    10. 

  10.                     back.)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1044;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;&#1080; &#1093;&#1086;&#769;&#1076;&#1103;&#1090; &#1087;&#1086;
    11. 

  11.                     &#1087;&#1072;&#769;&#1088;&#1082;&#1091;.</em></span></td><td>The children are strolling about the park. (random motion, no goal)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1044;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;&#1080; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1083;&#1080; &#1074; &#1082;&#1080;&#1085;&#1086;&#769;.</em></span></td><td>The children went to the movies. (They made one round trip, there and
    12. 

  12.                     back.)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1056;&#1077;&#1073;&#1105;&#1085;&#1086;&#1082; &#1091;&#1078;&#1077;&#769; &#1093;&#1086;&#769;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;.</em></span></td><td>The child is already walking. (He/she can perform the action.)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1048;&#1076;&#1090;&#1080;&#769;</em></span> (uni-directional,
    13. 

  13.             determinate)</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1087;&#1086; &#1091;&#769;&#1083;&#1080;&#1094;&#1077;.</em></span></td><td>He's going along the street. (action in progress, directed toward a
    14. 

  14.                     goal)</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1050;&#1086;&#1075;&#1076;&#1072;&#769; &#1086;&#1085; &#1096;&#1105;&#1083; &#1074; &#1084;&#1072;&#1075;&#1072;&#1079;&#1080;&#769;&#1085;, &#1086;&#1085;
    15. 

  15.                       &#1074;&#1089;&#1090;&#1088;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;&#1080;&#1083; &#1089;&#1074;&#1086;&#1077;&#1075;&#1086;&#769; &#1076;&#1088;&#1091;&#769;&#1075;&#1072;.</em></span></td><td>While on his way to the store, he met his friend. (goal-directed action in
    16. 

  16.                     progress, "intersected" by a secondary action)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1055;&#1086;&#1081;&#1090;&#1080;&#769;</em></span> (setting out; future intent to
    17. 

  17.             go)</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1043;&#1076;&#1077; &#1074;&#1072;&#769;&#1096;&#1072; &#1089;&#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1088;&#1072;&#769;? &#1054;&#1085;&#1072; &#1087;&#1086;&#1096;&#1083;&#1072;&#769; &#1074;
    18. 

  18.                       &#1073;&#1080;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1086;&#1090;&#1077;&#769;&#1082;&#1091;.</em></span></td><td>Where's your sister? She's left for the library.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1047;&#1072;&#769;&#1074;&#1090;&#1088;&#1072; &#1084;&#1099; &#1087;&#1086;&#1081;&#1076;&#1105;&#1084; &#1074;
    19. 

  19.                     &#1084;&#1091;&#1079;&#1077;&#769;&#1081;.</em></span></td><td>Tomorrow we'll go to the museum.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>All these verbs simply convey the meaning of "going" and say nothing about HOW that
    20. 

  20.         action will be accomplished. If it is necessary to emphasize that you will be "walking", you
    21. 

  21.         need to add <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1077;&#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#1084;</em></span> after the verb.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1059;&#769;&#1090;&#1088;&#1086;&#1084; &#1076;&#1077;&#769;&#1090;&#1080; &#1080;&#1076;&#1091;&#769;&#1090; &#1074; &#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#769;&#1083;&#1091;
    22. 

  22.                   &#1087;&#1077;&#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#769;&#1084;.</em></span></td><td>The children walk to school in the morning.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1083;&#1102;&#1073;&#1083;&#1102;&#769; &#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#769;&#1100; &#1087;&#1077;&#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#769;&#1084;.</em></span></td><td>I like to walk</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085;&#1080;&#769; &#1093;&#1086;&#1090;&#1103;&#769;&#1090; &#1087;&#1086;&#1081;&#1090;&#1080;&#769; &#1074; &#1084;&#1091;&#1079;&#1077;&#769;&#1081;
    23. 

  23.                   &#1087;&#1077;&#1096;&#1082;&#1086;&#769;&#1084;.</em></span></td><td>They want to walk to the museum.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e21596"></a>"Transport" verbs</h3></div></div></div><p>If you are emphasizing that you are using a form of transportation, you will use the
    24. 

  24.         following verbs:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;&#769;&#1079;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span></strong></span>
    25. 

  25.         (for <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span></strong></span>)
    26. 

  26.           <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;&#769;&#1093;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span></strong></span> (for
    27. 

  27.           <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1090;&#1080;&#769;</em></span></strong></span>)
    28. 

  28.           <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1077;&#769;&#1093;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span></strong></span>
    29. 

  29.         (for <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1086;&#1081;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span></strong></span>&#769;)
    30. 

  30.         and indicate, if you wish, the form of transport in the following manner:</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072; &#1084;&#1072;&#1096;&#1080;&#769;&#1085;&#1077;</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;
    31. 

  31.           &#1072;&#1074;&#1090;&#1086;&#769;&#1073;&#1091;&#1089;&#1077;</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072; &#1090;&#1088;&#1072;&#1084;&#1074;&#1072;&#769;&#1077;</em></span>,
    32. 

  32.           <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072; &#1084;&#1077;&#1090;&#1088;&#1086;&#769;</em></span>, etc.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>For example</strong></span>:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
    33. 

  33.                   <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1099; &#1077;&#769;&#1079;&#1076;&#1080;&#1083;&#1080; &#1090;&#1091;&#1076;&#1072;&#769; &#1085;&#1072; &#1084;&#1072;&#1096;&#1080;&#769;&#1085;&#1077;.
    34. 

  34.                     </em></span></p>
    35. 

  35.                 </td><td>
    36. 

  36.                   <p>We went there by car. </p>
    37. 

  37.                 </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1054;&#1085; &#1083;&#1102;&#769;&#1073;&#1080;&#1090; &#1077;&#769;&#1079;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100; &#1085;&#1072;
    38. 

  38.                   &#1084;&#1077;&#1090;&#1088;&#1086;&#769;.</em></span></td><td>He likes to take the metro.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1099; &#1087;&#1086;&#1077;&#769;&#1076;&#1077;&#1084; &#1074; &#1052;&#1086;&#1089;&#1082;&#1074;&#1091;&#769; &#1085;&#1072;
    39. 

  39.                   &#1087;&#1086;&#769;&#1077;&#1079;&#1076;&#1077;.</em></span></td><td>We'll take the train to Moscow.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Note</strong></span>:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1040;&#1074;&#1090;&#1086;&#769;&#1073;&#1091;&#1089; (&#1090;&#1088;&#1086;&#1083;&#1083;&#1077;&#769;&#1081;&#1073;&#1091;&#1089;, &#1090;&#1088;&#1072;&#1084;&#1074;&#1072;&#769;&#1081;, &#1087;&#1086;&#769;&#1077;&#1079;&#1076;):
    40. 

  40.             &#1093;&#1086;&#769;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;/&#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090;.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1052;&#1072;&#1096;&#1080;&#769;&#1085;&#1072;: &#1077;&#769;&#1079;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;/&#1077;&#769;&#1076;&#1077;&#1090;.</em></span></p></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>For example:</strong></span></p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1086;&#1090; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1085;&#1072;&#1096; &#1072;&#1074;&#1090;&#1086;&#769;&#1073;&#1091;&#1089;.</em></span></p><p>There goes our bus.</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1042;&#1099; &#1085;&#1077; &#1079;&#1085;&#1072;&#769;&#1077;&#1090;&#1077;, &#1082;&#1072;&#1082;&#1086;&#769;&#1081; &#1090;&#1088;&#1072;&#1084;&#1074;&#1072;&#769;&#1081; &#1080;&#1076;&#1105;&#1090; &#1076;&#1086;
    41. 

  41.             &#1073;&#1080;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1086;&#1090;&#1077;&#769;&#1082;&#1080;?</em></span></p><p>Would you happen to know which bus goes to the library?</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1057;&#1084;&#1086;&#1090;&#1088;&#1080;&#769;&#1090;&#1077;! &#1042;&#1086;&#1090; &#1077;&#769;&#1076;&#1077;&#1090; &#1084;&#1072;&#1096;&#1080;&#769;&#1085;&#1072;
    42. 

  42.           &#1087;&#1088;&#1077;&#1079;&#1080;&#1076;&#1077;&#769;&#1085;&#1090;&#1072;!</em></span></p><p>Look! There goes the President's car!</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch09s09.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch09.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch09s11.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening Comprehension Exercise&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;In case you were wondering</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    43.