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FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Росси́я и ка́рта ми́ра.</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"/><link rel="up" href="ch02.xhtml" title="Chapter 2. Lesson 2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch02.xhtml" title="Chapter 2. Lesson 2"/><link rel="next" href="ch03.xhtml" title="Chapter 3. Lesson 3"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я и ка́рта ми́ра</em></span>.</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2. Lesson 2</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e4422"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я и ка́рта ми́ра</em></span>.</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4425"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №1.</h3></div></div></div><p>Russia shares common borders with 14 different countries. They are listed here for you
        to read in Russian. After reading this list, see if you can find them on a map. Which of
        these are former republics of the Soviet Union?</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Норве́гия</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">По́льша</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Казахста́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Финля́ндия</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Белору́ссия</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кита́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Эсто́ния</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Украи́на</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Монго́лия</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ла́твия</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гру́зия</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Се́верная Коре́я</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Литва́</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азербайджа́н</em></span></td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Russia also borders on several large bodies of water. They are listed below:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Балти́йское море</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Се́верный Ледови́тый
                океа́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Фи́нский зали́в</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ти́хий океа́н</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Чёрное мо́ре</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Япо́нское мо́ре</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азо́вское мо́ре</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Охо́тское мо́ре</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Каспи́йское мо́ре</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бе́рингово мо́ре</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4497"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №2.</h3></div></div></div><p>Using the compass points below, tell your instructor where the 14 nations and the bodies
        of water are located:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>in the north</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на се́вере</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>in the south</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на юге</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>in the west</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на за́паде</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>in the east</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на восто́ке</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-2.png" align="middle"/></div><p>Russia is divided into a number of distinct areas, based on the geographic features of
        each region. Some of the most common of these are:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Центра́льный район</em></span></td><td>Central (region) Russia</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ура́л</em></span></td><td>Ural Mountains</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пово́лжье</em></span></td><td>Volga River Valley</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сиби́рь</em></span></td><td>Siberia</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да́льний Восто́к</em></span></td><td>Far East</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The following cities are located in these geographic areas:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ в Центра́льном
                райо́не.</em></span></td><td>Moscow is in Central Russia.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Екатеринбу́рг на Ура́ле</em></span></td><td>Yekaterinburg is in the Urals.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Волгогра́д в Пово́лжье.</em></span></td><td>Volgograd is in the Volga River Valley.</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Новосиби́рск в Сиби́ри.</em></span></td><td>Novosibirsk is in Siberia.</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Владивосто́к на Да́льнем
                Восто́ке.</em></span></td><td>Vladivostok is in the Far East.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>See if you can locate these cities on the map shown here.</p><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="531"><tr><td align="center"><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-3.png" align="middle" width="531"/></td></tr></table></div><p>After August 1991, the names of many Russian cities were changed:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Present</th><th>Former</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Санкт-Петербу́рг</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ленингра́д</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ни́жний Но́вгород</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Го́рький</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Екатеринбу́рг</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Свердло́вск</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тверь</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кали́нин</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Се́ргиев Поса́д</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Заго́рск</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The same is true of numerous locations and landmarks in Moscow and other Russian
          cities:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Present</th><th>Former</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тверска́я</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́лица Го́рького</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нови́нский бульва́р</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́лица Чайко́вского</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Театра́льная пло́щадь</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пло́щадь Свердло́ва</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Лубя́нская пло́щадь</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пло́щадь Дзержи́нского</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мане́жная пло́щадь</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пло́щадь 50-ле́тия
                  Октября́</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>But "Red Square" is still Red Square!</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кра́сная
          пло́щадь</em></span></strong></span> has been called <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кра́сная</em></span></strong></span> (red) since the second half of the
        17th century. The square was constructed towards the end of the 15th century (around the
        time of Columbus' discovery of America) when Tsar Ivan the Great <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ива́н Вели́кий</em></span></strong></span> was building the
        magnificent cathedrals of the Kremlin <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кремль</em></span></strong></span>, that walled fortress which was the heart of the
        city's defenses. Every major city in Russia would have had a Kremlin, but the Moscow one is
        by far the most famous.</p><p>The square was first called <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Торг</em></span></strong></span> (Trading Place) and was the site for some very lively
        commerce. Later, in the 16th century, it became known as<span class="bold"><strong>
          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тро́ицкая</em></span></strong></span> (Trinity Square) in
        honor of the Trinity Cathedral which stood at the southern end of the square. In 1571 the
        square was renamed <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пожа́р</em></span></strong></span> (The Fire) after the great fire of that year. Finally,
        the square was named <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кра́сная</em></span></strong></span> when it was cleared of all the trading stalls at
        the end of the 17th century. At that time the word <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кра́сный</em></span>
        </strong></span>(red) meant <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">краси́вый</em></span></strong></span> (beautiful), and had nothing to do with the red
        brick of the Kremlin wall which runs along one of its sides.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="461"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-4.png" width="461"/></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4678"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №3.</h3></div></div></div><p>Listen to the sentences your instructor will read aloud and write down in English any
        place names you recognize</p><p>1. ____________________</p><p>2. ____________________</p><p>3. ____________________</p><p>4. ____________________</p><p>5. ____________________</p><p>6. ____________________</p><p>7. ____________________</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4689"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №4.</h3></div></div></div><p>Listen to the statements your instructor will read aloud and indicate whether they are
        true (T) or false (F)</p><div class="informaltable"><table frame="void"><col width="33%"/><col width="33%"/><col width="33%"/><tbody><tr>
              <td>1. ____________________</td>

              <td>4. ____________________</td>

              <td>7. ____________________</td>
            </tr><tr>
              <td>2. ____________________</td>

              <td>5. ____________________</td>

              <td/>
            </tr><tr>
              <td>3. ____________________</td>

              <td>6. ____________________</td>

              <td/>
            </tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4710"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №5.</h3></div></div></div><p>Practice writing place names in Russian as your instructor reads them aloud. He/she will
        read each one twice and then will write them on the board so that you can check your
        work.</p><p>1. ____________________</p><p>2. ____________________</p><p>3.. ____________________</p><p>4. ____________________</p><p>5. ____________________</p><p>6. ____________________</p><p>7. ____________________</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4721"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №6.</h3></div></div></div><p>Answer the following questions according to the model.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%"><col width="4cm"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
          <td>Instructor:</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ - столи́ца
              Росси́и</em></span>?</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Student:</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да, Москва́ - столи́ца
              Росси́и.</em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">О́сло - столи́ца Норве́гии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Хе́льсинки - столи́ца
            Финля́ндии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пари́ж - столи́ца Фра́нции?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бонн - столи́ца Герма́нии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Варша́ва - столи́ца По́льши</em></span>?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Отта́ва - столи́ца Кана́ды?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вашингто́н - столи́ца Аме́рики?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ло́ндон - столи́ца А́нглии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мадри́д - столи́ца Испа́нии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Рим - столи́ца Ита́лии?</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4767"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №7.</h3></div></div></div><p>Answer the questions truthfully, according to the models:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>Instructor:</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пари́ж - столи́ца
                Фра́нции?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Student:</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да, Пари́ж - столи́ца
                Фра́нции.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Instructor:</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Анкара́ - столи́ца И́ндии?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Student:</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет, Но́вый Де́ли - столи́ца
                  И́ндии.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">То́кио - столи́ца Кита́я?</em></span>
              (<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пекин</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мани́ла - столи́ца Филиппи́н?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мадра́с - столи́ца И́ндии?</em></span>
              (<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Но́вый Де́ли</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Анка́ра - столи́ца Ира́на?</em></span>
              (<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тегера́н</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ло́ндон - столи́ца А́нглии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Стокго́льм - столи́ца Шве́ции?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Афи́ны - столи́ца Гре́ции?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Канбе́рра - столи́ца А́встрии?
              </em></span>(<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ве́на</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Каи́р - столи́ца Еги́пта?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Адди́с-Абе́ба - столи́ца
            Эфио́пии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тель-Ави́в - столи́ца Изра́иля?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Р<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">им - столи́ца Ита́пии?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мадри́д - столи́ца Португа́лии?</em></span>
              (<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Лиссабо́н</em></span>)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гава́на - столи́ца Ку́бы?</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4840"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №8: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й</em></span>?</h3></div></div></div><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й</em></span>? is the question word which asks:
        "Which?". Listen carefully as your instructor asks:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й го́род столи́ца
            А́нглии?</em></span></strong></span></p><p>Which city is the capital of England?</p><p>You'll answer:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ло́ндон</em></span>.</strong></span></p><p>Continue, using the cities and countries given in Exercise 7. See how many you might be
        able to add on your own.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4855"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №9: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что</em></span>? <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что</em></span>
        <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">э́то</em></span>?</h3></div></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что э́то?</em></span></strong></span>
        asks "What is this? What is that?" When answering, you'll begin your answer with
          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Э́то</strong></span></em></span>... This
        is/That is...</p><p>Now your instructor will point to various cities on the map and will ask:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что э́то?</em></span></strong></span>
        What is this? (pointing to Moscow)</p><p>You'll answer by naming the city, using this model:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Э́то
          Москва</strong></span>́.</em></span> That is Moscow.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4874"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №10:<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> где?</em></span>
        <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот</em></span>.</h3></div></div></div><p>Answer the following questions substituting the appropriate pronoun for the noun.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>Instructor</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Москва́?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Ло́ндон?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Чёрное мо́ре?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Student</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот она́.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот он.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот оно́.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" frame="void" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
          <td><span class="bold"><strong>A.</strong></span></td>

          <td><span class="bold"><strong>В.</strong></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Ло́ндон?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Пра́га?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Пари́ж?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Тира́на?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где
              Санкт-Петербу́рг?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Москва́?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Берли́н?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Софи́я?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Мадри́д?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где
            Варша́ва?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Рим?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Ве́на?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где
            Вашингто́н?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где
            Братисла́ва?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где го́род
              То́кио?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Я́лта?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где го́род
            О́сло?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Гаа́га?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span class="bold"><strong>С.</strong></span></td>

          <td><span class="bold"><strong>D.</strong></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Росси́я?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Каспи́йское
              мо́ре?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Кана́да?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Чёрное
            мо́ре?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Япо́ния?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где о́зеро
              Байка́л?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где
            Эфио́пия?</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Балти́йское
              мо́ре?</em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4977"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №11.</h3></div></div></div><p>Take a look at the following advertisements. Pick out all words which are familiar to
        you. Any guesses as to what the ads are all about? Ask your instructor if you need
        help.</p><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="602"><tr><td align="center"><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-5.png" align="middle" width="602"/></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e4984"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №12.</h3></div></div></div><p>Your instructor wants you to show where various places are on the map. He/she will ask
        you:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те</em></span>...</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Во́лгу.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Сиби́рь.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Ти́хий океа́н.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Фи́нский зали́в.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Каспи́йское мо́ре.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Се́верный Ледови́тый
            океа́н.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те Чёрное мо́ре.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5012"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №13.</h3></div></div></div><p>Read through this list of Russian cities and sort them according to the regions</p><p>in the table below. Use the map, or ask your instructor for help.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ирку́тск</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Владивосто́к</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Хаба́ровск</em></span>,
          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пермь</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сама́ра</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Челя́бинск</em></span>,
          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва</em></span>́, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Но́вгород</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Екатеринбу́рг</em></span>,
          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Петропа́вловск</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Оренбу́рг</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тверь</em></span>,
          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Красноя́рск</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кострома</em></span>́, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Новосиби́рск</em></span>,
          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Влади́мир</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сара́тов</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Яросла́вль</em></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" frame="box" width="100%"><col width="30%"/><col width="70%"/><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сиби́рь</em></span></td>

          <td/>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да́льний
            Восто́к</em></span></td>

          <td/>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пово́лжье</em></span></td>

          <td/>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ура́л</em></span></td>

          <td/>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Центра́льный
              райо́н</em></span></td>

          <td/>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5059"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кли́мат Росси́и. Пого́да.</em></span></h3></div></div></div><p/><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я больша́я страна́.</em></span></td><td>Russia is a large country.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кли́мат Росси́и разнообра́зный:на Кра́йнем Се́вере
                  - аркти́ческий.</em></span></td><td>The climate of Russia is varied:in the Far North - arctic.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На ю́ге, в Со́чи
                -субтропи́ческий.</em></span></td><td>In the south, in Sochi - subtropical.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В европе́йской ча́сти Росси́и и в Сиби́ри кли́мат
                  уме́ренный, континента́льный.</em></span></td><td>In the European part of Russia and in Siberia the climate is moderate,
                continental.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На за́паде - мя́гкий, на восто́ке и
                  се́веро-восто́ке -о́чень холо́дный и суро́вый.</em></span></td><td>In the west it is mild and in the east and northeast - very cold and
                severe.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На Да́льнем Восто́ке кли́мат
                  морско́й.</em></span></td><td>In the Far East the climate is maritime.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5090"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №14.</h3></div></div></div><p>Examine the weather forecasts below and:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a. read the names of the cities and the legend (explanation of symbols).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>b. tell where it is sunny <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">со́лнечно</em></span></strong></span>, overcast <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́блачно</em></span></strong></span>, raining <span class="bold"><strong>
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дождь</em></span></strong></span> or snowing <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">снег</em></span></strong></span>.</p></li></ul></div><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-6.png" align="middle"/></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5110"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я и Бли́жнее Зарубе́жье.</em></span> Russia and
        the Newly Independent States of Eurasia</h3></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́ - столи́ца России.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Росси́и живу́т ру́сские.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Украи́на</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Киев - столи́ца Украи́ны.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Украи́не живу́т украи́нцы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ла́твия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ри́га - столи́ца Ла́твии. </em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Ла́твии живу́т латыши́</em></span>́́́́.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Литва́</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ви́льнюс - столи́ца Литвы́.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Литве́ живу́т лито́вцы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Эсто́ния</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Та́ллин - столи́ца Эсто́нии.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Эсто́нии живу́т эсто́нцы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Молда́вия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кишинёв - столи́ца Молда́вии.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Молда́вии живу́т молдава́не.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Белору́ссия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Минск - столи́ца Белору́ссии.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> В Белору́ссии живу́т
                белору́сы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гру́зия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тбилиси - столи́ца Гру́зии.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Груз́ии живу́т грузи́ны.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Арме́ния</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ерева́н - столи́ца Арме́нии.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Арме́нии живу́т армя́не.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азербайджа́н</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Баку́ - столи́ца Азербайджа́на.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Азербайджа́не живу́т
                азербайджа́нцы.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Узбекиста́н</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ташке́нт - столи́ца Узбекиста́на.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Узбекиста́не живу́т узбе́ки.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Казахста́н</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Алма́-Ата́ - столи́ца Казахста́на. В Казахста́не
                  живу́т каза́хи.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Туркме́ния</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ашхаба́д - столи́ца Туркме́нии.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Туркме́нии живу́т туркме́ны.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таджикиста́н</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Душанбе́ - столи́ца Таджикиста́на.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Таджикиста́не живу́т
                таджи́ки.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кирги́зия</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бишке́к - столи́ца Кирги́зии.</em></span>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Кирги́зии живу́т кирги́зы.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5222"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №15.</h3></div></div></div><p>Fill in the blanks, orally.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1.06*"/><col width="1.0*"/><tr valign="top">
          <td>1. ____________________</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца
              Белору́ссии.</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>2. ____________________</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца
            Гру́зии.</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>3. ____________________</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца
              Кирги́зии.</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>4. ____________________</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца
              Туркме́нии.</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>5. ____________________</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца
            Литвы́.</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>6. ____________________</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца
              Украи́ны.</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>7. ____________________</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца
              Узбекиста́на.</em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5257"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №16.</h3></div></div></div><p>Fill in the blanks, orally.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tbody><tr valign="top">
            <td>1. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Арме́нии
                живу́т</em></span></td>

            <td>____________________</td>
          </tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="top">
            <td align="left">2. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Азербайджа́не
                живу́т</em></span></td>

            <td>____________________</td>
          </tr><tr valign="top">
            <td>3. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Молда́вии
                живу́т</em></span></td>

            <td>____________________</td>
          </tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="top">
            <td>4. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Эсто́нии
                живу́т</em></span></td>

            <td>____________________</td>
          </tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="top">
            <td>5. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Таджикиста́не
                живу́т</em></span></td>

            <td>____________________</td>
          </tr><tr valign="top">
            <td>6. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Казахста́не
                живу́т</em></span></td>

            <td>____________________</td>
          </tr></tbody><tbody><tr align="left" valign="top">
            <td>7. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Ла́твии
                живу́т</em></span></td>

            <td>____________________</td>
          </tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5297"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №17.</h3></div></div></div><p>Answer the following questions according the models:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="4cm"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Instructor:</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таджи́ки живу́т в
              Таджикиста́не?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Student:</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Да, они́ живу́т в
              Таджикиста́не.</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="left">Instructor:</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Эсто́нцы живу́т в
              Ла́твии?</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td>Student:</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет, они́ живу́т в
              Эсто́нии.</em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1.0cm"/><col width="1.0*"/><col width="1.02*"/><tr valign="top">
          <td align="right">1.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сские живу́т в
              Росси́и?</em></span></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="right">2.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Грузи́ны живу́т в
              Гру́зии?</em></span></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="right">3.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Каза́хи живу́т в
              Казахста́не?</em></span></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="right">4.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Молдава́не живу́т в
              Белору́ссии?</em></span></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="right">5.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Узбе́ки живу́т в
              Ла́твии?</em></span></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="right">6.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Туркме́ны живу́т в
              Кирги́зии?</em></span></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td align="right">7.</td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азербайджа́нцы живу́т в
              Литве́?</em></span></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr></table></div><p>Of course, as you well know, the Newly Independent States are home to many
        nationalities. The above exercise, and the ones following, in no way suggest that these new
        countries have entirely homogeneous populations.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5360"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №18.</h3></div></div></div><p>Using the map, indicate the home countries of the given nationalities.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т укра́инцы.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т узбе́ки.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т армя́не.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т ру́сские.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т белору́сы.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те где живу́т лито́вцы.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5383"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №19.</h3></div></div></div><p>Using the map, indicate the capitals of the following countries:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Казахста́на.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Молда́вии.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Туркме́нии.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Украи́ны.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Росси́и.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те столи́цу Арме́нии.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5406"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №20.</h3></div></div></div><p>Listen to the following statements your instructor will read aloud. Indicate whether
        they are true (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пра́вильно</em></span></strong></span>) or false (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">непра́вильно</em></span></strong></span>):</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Кирги́зии живу́т кирги́зы?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таджи́ки живу́т в Таджикиста́не?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Узбекиста́не живу́т узбе́ки?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сские живу́т в Азербайджа́не?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Эсто́нии живу́т каза́хи?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Латыши́ живу́т в Ла́твии?</em></span></p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5433"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №21.</h3></div></div></div><p>Match the countries with their capitals.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Эсто́ния</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ерева́н</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таджикиста́н</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ри́га</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Минск</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Казахста́н</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тбили́си</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Литва́</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Бишке́к</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гру́зия</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ки́ев</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Туркме́ния</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ви́льнюс</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Молда́вия</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва́</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ла́твия</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Душанбе́</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Узбекиста́н</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ашхаба́д</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Арме́ния</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кишинёв</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Украи́на</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Та́ллин</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Азербайджа́н</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Баку́</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Белору́ссия</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Алма́-ата́</em></span></td>
        </tr><tr valign="top">
          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кирги́зия</em></span></td>

          <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ташке́нт</em></span></td>
        </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5515"/>In case you were wondering</h3></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5517"/>A. Cases</h4></div></div></div><p>Russian is an <span class="italic">inflected </span>language which simply means
          that nouns (and their modifiers) will change their shape to indicate a change of function
          within the sentence. A noun may function as a <span class="bold"><strong>subject</strong></span>, an
            <span class="bold"><strong>indirect object</strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong>direct
            object</strong></span> or the <span class="bold"><strong>object of a preposition</strong></span>. In
          each instance it will change its ending to inform you of its particular role.</p><p>Each of these functions is indicated by a set of endings (1 each for each of the
          genders and 1 for plural), which are grouped into CASES:</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%"><col width="40%"/><col width="60%"/><tr valign="top">
            <td>1. Nominative</td>

            <td>names the subject (who? what?)</td>
          </tr><tr valign="top">
            <td>2. Genitive</td>

            <td>shows possession (whose?)</td>
          </tr><tr valign="top">
            <td>3. Dative</td>

            <td>indicates the indirect object, recipient of the action (to
              whom? to what?)</td>
          </tr><tr valign="top">
            <td>4. Accusative</td>

            <td>indicates the direct object (whom? what?)</td>
          </tr><tr valign="top">
            <td>5. Instrumental</td>

            <td>indicates instrument or means; or accompaniment (how? with
              what? with whom?)</td>
          </tr><tr valign="top">
            <td>6. Locative/Prepositional</td>

            <td>shows location (where?); indicates the object of the
              preposition (about whom? about what?)</td>
          </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5547"/>B. Gender of Russian nouns</h4></div></div></div><p>All Russian nouns belong to one of three <span class="italic">grammatical
            </span><span class="bold"><strong>genders: </strong></span><span class="bold"><strong>masculine,
            neuter </strong></span>or <span class="bold"><strong>feminine. </strong></span>Do not confuse <span class="bold"><strong>gender </strong></span>with <span class="bold"><strong>sex; </strong></span>the word for
          table in Russian is a <span class="bold"><strong>masculine gender </strong></span>noun, but there's
          nothing <span class="italic">male </span>about the object; book in Russian is a
            <span class="bold"><strong>feminine gender </strong></span>noun, but there's nothing inherently
            <span class="italic">female </span>about it. However, nouns referring to male
          beings will (usually) be masculine gender; those referring to female beings will be
          feminine gender.</p><p>In most cases, the gender of the noun can be determined by its ending. The table below
          illustrates this:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td><span class="bold"><strong>MASCULINE</strong></span></td>

            <td><span class="bold"><strong>NEUTER</strong></span></td>

            <td><span class="bold"><strong>FEMININE</strong></span></td>
          </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td>end in a consonant or<span class="bold"><strong>-b</strong></span></td>

            <td>end in -<span class="bold"><strong>о</strong></span> or -<span class="bold"><strong>е</strong></span></td>

            <td>end in -<span class="bold"><strong>а</strong></span>, -<span class="bold"><strong>я</strong></span> or -<span class="bold"><strong>ь</strong></span></td>
          </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">па́спорт</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">автомоби́ль</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">портфе́ль</em></span>
              </p></td>

            <td><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́зеро</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мо́ре</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пальто́</em></span>́ </p></td>

            <td><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ви́за</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">фами́лия</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сиби́рь</em></span>
              </p></td>
          </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он</em></span></strong></span></td>

            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно́</em></span></strong></span></td>

            <td><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она́</em></span></strong></span></td>
          </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5614"/>C. Adjectives.</h4></div></div></div><p>Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number and case. This means
          that when a singular feminine noun is in the nominative case (the subject of the
          sentence), the adjective that describes that noun must be nominative, singular, feminine.
          Since the noun and adjective do not necessarily stand together in the sentence, agreement
          is especially important. Agreement in the nominative may look like this:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
            <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OН</em></span></strong></span></td>

            <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО́</em></span></strong></span></td>

            <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></strong></span></td>
          </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вый дом</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́ший студе́нт</em></span>
              </p></td>

            <td align="left"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое зда́ние </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́шее вино́</em></span>
              </p></td>

            <td><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вая кварти́ра </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́шая студе́нтка</em></span>
              </p></td>
          </tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
            <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></strong></span></td>

            <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></strong></span></td>

            <td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></strong></span></td>
          </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые дома́</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хоро́шие студе́нты</em></span>
              </p></td>

            <td><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые зда́ния</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> хоро́шие ви́на</em></span>
              </p></td>

            <td><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые кварти́ры</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> хоро́шие студе́нтки</em></span>
              </p></td>
          </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5677"/>D. Personal pronouns.</h4></div></div></div><p>Russian uses pronouns in much the same way English does; they take the place of, or
          refer back to nouns. The table below shows the correspondence between Russian and English
          pronouns:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="3cm"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я</em></span></td>

              <td align="left">I</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></td>

              <td align="left">you (sing, and informal)</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он</em></span>/<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она́</em></span>/<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно́</em></span></td>

              <td align="left">he/she/it</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы</em></span></td>

              <td align="left">we</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></td>

              <td align="left">you (pi. and formal)</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́</em></span></td>

              <td align="left">they</td>
            </tr></table></div></div><p>As you can see by this table, Russian has two pronouns for the second person you.
            <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ты</em></span></strong></span> is
          informal and singular; <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span> is formal and/or plural. (See the comments on <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> and<span class="bold"><strong>
            <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span> in Lesson 3).</p><p>As in English, Russian pronouns change form as their function changes in the sentence.
          Take a look at the following sentences:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>I know you.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>You know me. </strong></span></p><p>I changes to me when it switches from the role of subject to the role of
          object.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я зна́ю
            вас.</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы зна́ете
            меня́.</em></span></strong></span></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5731"/>E. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вот</em></span></h4></div></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот</em></span>
          </strong></span>is used in Russian in the sense of "Here is..." when pointing to something or
          someone. For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Где
                бага́ж?</em></span></td>

              <td>Where's the luggage?</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Вот он.</em></span></td>

              <td>Неге it is.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Где
                Ли́нда?</em></span></td>

              <td>Where's Linda?</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Вот
                она́.</em></span></td>

              <td>Here she is.</td>
            </tr></table></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5757"/>F. Why do verbs have different forms?</h4></div></div></div><p/><p>The verb<span class="bold"><strong>
            <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span></strong></span> [to live] appears in two
          forms in this lesson: <span class="bold"><strong>(<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он</em></span>/<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она</em></span>)
            </strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">живёт</em></span>
          </strong></span>and <span class="bold"><strong>(<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́</em></span>)
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">живу́т</em></span>. </strong></span>Verbs in Russian, as
          in English, agree with their subjects in terms of person (I, you, he/she, we, they) and
          number (He <span class="italic">lives, </span>vs They <span class="italic">live.). </span>The two forms indicated here are for a singular subject and a plural
          subject, respectively.</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он живёт в
                    Москве́.</em></span></td>

                <td>Не lives in Moscow.</td>
              </tr><tr valign="top">
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́ живёт в
                    Ки́еве.</em></span></td>

                <td>She lives in Kiev.</td>
              </tr><tr valign="top">
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Они́ живу́т в
                    Аме́рике.</em></span></td>

                <td>They live in America.</td>
              </tr><tr valign="top">
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто живёт в
                    Украи́не?</em></span></td>

                <td>Who lives in Ukraine?</td>
              </tr><tr valign="top">
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В Украи́не живу́т
                    украи́нцы.</em></span></td>

                <td>Ukrainians live in Ukraine.</td>
              </tr></table></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5798"/>G. The verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span> (present tense)</h4></div></div></div><p>Here is the verb <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span>
          </strong></span>in all forms of the present tense:</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="4cm"/><col width="4cm"/><tr align="center">
              <td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span> / to live</strong></span></td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я живу́</em></span></td>

              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы живём</em></span></td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты
                живёшь</em></span></td>

              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы
                живёте</em></span></td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он живёт</em></span></td>

              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они
                живу́т</em></span></td>
            </tr></table></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5827"/>Н. The question word <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">какой</em></span></h4></div></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й</em></span>,
              <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́е</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кака́я</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каки́е</em></span>
          </strong></span>is a question word which asks: «Which?» or «What kind of? ...» It is an
          adjective and will agree in gender, number and case with the word it modifies. The first
          three forms shown here are the masculine, neuter and feminine forms, respectively. The
          fourth is the plural. Compare these forms to those of the adjectives in the table on page
          29.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OH</em></span></td>

            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OHÓ</em></span></td>

            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></td>

            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></td>
          </tr><tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́й</em></span></td>

            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́е</em></span></td>

            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кака́я</em></span></td>

            <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каки́е</em></span></td>
          </tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d5e5859"/>Nominative Case</h4></div></div></div><p>The nominative case is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. It is also used for
          other nouns in the sentence which give more information about the subject. As it is the
          dictionary form for nouns and adjectives, you should memorize nouns and adjectives in
          their nominative case forms.</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"/><col width="1*"/><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду́ в
                  теа́тр.</em></span></td>

              <td>I am going to the theater.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кни́га на
                  столе́.</em></span></td>

              <td>The book is on the table.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот дом.</em></span></td>

              <td>There is the house.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то моя́
                  ру́чка.</em></span></td>

              <td>This is my pen.</td>
            </tr><tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой брат -
                  инжене́р.</em></span></td>

              <td>My brother is an engineer.</td>
            </tr><tr align="left">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В институ́те рабо́тают америка́нские
                  фи́зики.</em></span></td>

              <td>American physicists work in the institute.</td>
            </tr></table></div></div><p>Because Russian has cases, word order in a sentence is less important than it is in
          English. The subject [that noun plus its modifiers in the nominative case] can come at the
          beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence. Knowing the nominative case
          endings for nouns and adjectives will help you find the subject of the sentence more
          quickly.</p><p>Adjectives are linked to their nouns by their endings. The adjective may stand in
          front of, after, or at a distance from the noun it modifies. You can always find the
          adjective which modifies a noun by looking for the one whose ending matches in gender,
          number, and case that of the noun.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Э́то Бе́л<span class="bold"><strong>ый</strong></span>
            дом.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́ учи́тельниц<span class="bold"><strong>а</strong></span>
              хоро́ш<span class="bold"><strong>ая</strong></span>, о́пытн<span class="bold"><strong>ая</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сск<span class="bold"><strong>ий</strong></span> язы́к о́чень
              интере́сн<span class="bold"><strong>ый</strong></span>, но тру́дн<span class="bold"><strong>ый</strong></span>.</em></span></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e5905"/>Useful words and expressions</h3></div></div></div><div class="table"><a id="d5e5907"/><p class="title"><strong>Table 2.1. Useful words and expressions</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Useful words and expressions" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span></td><td>in, inside</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">восто́к; на восто́ке</em></span></td><td>east; in the east</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вот</em></span></td><td>here</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где?</em></span></td><td>Where?</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">го́род</em></span></td><td>city, town</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Добро́ пожа́ловать!</em></span></td><td>Welcome</td></tr><tr><td><p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">жить</em></span>
                </p>
                <p>(<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я живу</em></span>́, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы живёте</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они
                    живу́т</em></span>)</p></td><td>to live</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">за́пад</em></span>; <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на за́паде</em></span></td><td>west; in the west</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́й</em></span>/<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">како́е</em></span>/<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кака́я</em></span>/<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каки́е</em></span></td><td>what kind of; which; which one(s)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></td><td>who</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто э́то?</em></span></td><td>Who is that?</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span></td><td>on; at; in</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она</em></span>́, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно́</em></span>,
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́</em></span></td><td>he; she; it; they</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Покажи́те</em></span>...</td><td>Show...</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пого́да</em></span></td><td>weather</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">се́вер</em></span>; <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на се́вере</em></span></td><td>north; in the north</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">столи́ца</em></span></td><td>capital</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">что</em></span></td><td>what</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что э́то?</em></span></td><td>What is that/this</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">э́то</em></span></td><td>this/that</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юг</em></span>;<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">
                  на ю́ге</em></span></td><td>south; in the south</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch02.xhtml">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 2. Lesson 2 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 3. Lesson 3</td></tr></table></div></body></html>