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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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  2. <!DOCTYPE html
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  3.   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"/><link rel="up" href="ch03.xhtml" title="Chapter 3. Lesson 3"/><link rel="prev" href="ch03s03.xhtml" title="When to use Вы and Ты"/><link rel="next" href="ch03s05.xhtml" title="Examples of names and patronymics"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 3. Lesson 3</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e6319"/>Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</h2></div></div></div><p>The first name is the most common form of address between persons who enjoy a close
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  5.       relationship. The use of the various forms of the first name (similar to our American
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  6.       nicknames) is influenced by the degree of intimacy in the relationship. The greater the
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  7.       intimacy, the more variety in these forms. For example:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">A</span></dt><dd><p>Full forms of the first name <span class="bold"><strong>(</strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Влади́мир</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Татья́на</em></span>)</strong></span>are the most neutral forms of
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  8.             address between individuals who are on either <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> terms.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">B</span></dt><dd><p>Shortened forms without suffixes <span class="bold"><strong>(</strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Воло́дя</em></span>,<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Та́ня</em></span>)</strong></span> indicate a certain degree of
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  9.             closeness. These forms are often used interchangeably with those in category A and are
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  10.             appropriate when the relationship is either <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span>.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">C</span></dt><dd><p>Nicknames with the suffix -ка (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Воло́дька</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Та́нька</em></span></strong></span>) imply intimacy which may be
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  11.             without affection. The younger generation prefers these very informal forms and
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  12.             depending on the situation, they could also be interpreted as condescending.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">D</span></dt><dd><p>Only if the individuals are on <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> terms should the "diminutive" or"affectionate" forms
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  13.             of the name be used. Nicknames with these suffixes, -<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ечка</em></span></strong></span>, -<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">енька</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong>-<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юша</em></span>,</strong></span>-<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">юшка</em></span></strong></span> (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Воло́дечка</em></span></strong></span>,
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  14.               <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Воло́денька</em></span></strong></span>,<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Та́нечка</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Таню́ша</em></span></strong></span>) have a very
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  15.             specific coloring and non-native speakers of Russian will want to take care in using
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  16.             them. Russian women seem to favor the use of diminutive forms more than men and as you
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  17.             might suspect, men will use diminutive forms when addressing women, but not when
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  18.             addressing other men.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">E</span></dt><dd><p>Nicknames with a "zero" ending (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Воло́дь</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Тань</em></span></strong></span>) belong almost exclusively to the
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  19.             younger generation and non-native speakers should avoid them. They are used as a type of
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  20.               <span class="italic">vocative </span>case, that is, when trying to get
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  21.             someone's attention.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch03.xhtml">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">When to use <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ты</em></span> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Examples of names and patronymics</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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