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- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"/><link rel="up" href="ch06.xhtml" title="Chapter 6. Lesson 6"/><link rel="prev" href="ch06s03.xhtml" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch06s05.xhtml" title="Useful words and expressions"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch06s03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 6. Lesson 6</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch06s05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e11860"/>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e11862"/>The Russian Verb</h3></div></div></div><p>Compared to the complexity of the English verbal system, the Russian one is quite
- simple.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/><col align="center" class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">PAST</td><td align="center">
- <p>I worked</p>
- <p>I did work</p>
- <p>I was working</p>
- <p>I had worked</p>
- <p>I had been working</p>
- </td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я рабо́тал</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">PRESENT</td><td align="center">
- <p>I work</p>
- <p>I do work</p>
- <p>I am working</p>
- <p>I have worked</p>
- <p>I have been working</p>
- </td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я рабо́таю</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">FUTURE</td><td align="center">
- <p>I will work</p>
- <p>I will be working</p>
- <p>I will have worked</p>
- <p>I will have been working</p>
- <p>I am going to work</p>
- <p>I am going to be working</p>
- </td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я бу́ду
- рабо́тать</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e11902"/>The Past Tense</h3></div></div></div><p>Past tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in the nominative case) in
- gender or number. To form the past tense, take the infinitive <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">работать</em></span>, drop the ending -ть and add -л, -ла, -ло or
- -ли.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он</em></span></strong></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она́</em></span></strong></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Оно́</em></span></strong></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Они</em></span>́</strong></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я рабо́тал</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я рабо́тала</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p/>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы рабо́тали</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты рабо́тал</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты рабо́тала</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p/>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы рабо́тали</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он рабо́тал</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она рабо́тала</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно рабо́тало</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они рабо́тали</em></span></p>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e11963"/>The Present Tense</h3></div></div></div><p>Present tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in the nominative case)
- in person and number. There are two conjugation patterns for the present tense. They differ
- only by the vowel which is used in the endings:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">First conjugation</th><th align="center">Second conjugation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я рабо́та<span class="bold"><strong>ю</strong></span></em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я говор<span class="bold"><strong>ю</strong></span>́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты рабо́тае<span class="bold"><strong>шь</strong></span></em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты говор<span class="bold"><strong>и́шь</strong></span></em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он рабо́та<span class="bold"><strong>ет</strong></span></em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он говор<span class="bold"><strong>и́т</strong></span></em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она рабо́та<span class="bold"><strong>ет</strong></span></em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она́ говор<span class="bold"><strong>и́т</strong></span></em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно рабо́та<span class="bold"><strong>ет</strong></span></em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно́ говор<span class="bold"><strong>и́т</strong></span></em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы рабо́та<span class="bold"><strong>ем</strong></span></em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы говор<span class="bold"><strong>и́м</strong></span></em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы рабо́та<span class="bold"><strong>ете</strong></span></em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы говор<span class="bold"><strong>и́те</strong></span></em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они рабо́та<span class="bold"><strong>ют</strong></span></em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́ говор<span class="bold"><strong>я́т</strong></span></em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e12029"/>The future tense</h3></div></div></div><p>There are two ways to form verbs in the future tense:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Using a "helping verb" plus the<span class="bold"><strong> imperfective</strong></span>
- infinitive:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я бу́ду рабо́тать</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы бу́дем рабо́тать</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты бу́дешь рабо́тать</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы бу́дете рабо́тать</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он бу́дет рабо́тать</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она бу́дет рабо́тать</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́ бу́дут рабо́тать</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно бу́дет рабо́тать </em></span></td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Conjugating a <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span> infinitive:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я порабо́таю</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы порабо́таем</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты порабо́таешь</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вч порабо́таете</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он порабо́тает</em></span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она пораб́отает</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они порабо́тают</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно пораб́отает</em></span></td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>The terms <span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span> refer to the distinction between 2 verbs whose actual meaning is
- the same, but whose focus shifts from viewing the action as process (ongoing in the past,
- present or future) to viewing a "limit" having been reached (in the past or future; present
- is precluded). Sometimes this limit is an "end" (a result) and other times it is a
- "beginning". For a more complete explanation of this phenomenon, consult a Russian
- grammar.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch06s03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch06.xhtml">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch06s05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening Comprehension Exercise </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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