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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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  2. <!DOCTYPE html
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  3.   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    4. 

  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>In case you were wondering</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"/><link rel="up" href="ch08.xhtml" title="Chapter 8. Lesson 8"/><link rel="prev" href="ch08s09.xhtml" title="Listening Comprehension Exercise"/><link rel="next" href="ch08s11.xhtml" title="Ordinal Numbers"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s09.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 8. Lesson 8</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s11.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e18214"/>In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e18216"/>The Imperative</h3></div></div></div><p>The imperative is the form of the verb used when you are asking/telling someone to do
    5. 

  5.         something. As such, it is often referred to as the command form. In English, we often add a
    6. 

  6.         "please" to the command form to turn it into a request. In Russian, the presence or absence
    7. 

  7.         of <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пожа́луйста</em></span></strong></span>
    8. 

  8.         does not determine the difference between a command and a request. That function is
    9. 

  9.         performed by something called aspect (imperfective and perfective verbs). More about this
    10. 

  10.         later.</p><p>Here are the most basic rules for forming the imperative:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>Start with the <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они</em></span></strong></span>́ form of the verb. Completely remove that
    11. 

  11.             ending:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col width="4cm" class="c1"/><col width="4cm" class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
    12. 

  12.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принесу́т</em></span></p>
    13. 

  13.                   </td><td>
    14. 

  14.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принес-</em></span></p>
    15. 

  15.                   </td></tr><tr><td>
    16. 

  16.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пока́жут</em></span></p>
    17. 

  17.                   </td><td>
    18. 

  18.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">покаж-</em></span></p>
    19. 

  19.                   </td></tr><tr><td>
    20. 

  20.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ска́жут</em></span></p>
    21. 

  21.                   </td><td>
    22. 

  22.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">скаж-</em></span></p>
    23. 

  23.                   </td></tr><tr><td>
    24. 

  24.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пла́тят</em></span></p>
    25. 

  25.                   </td><td>
    26. 

  26.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плат-</em></span></p>
    27. 

  27.                   </td></tr><tr><td>
    28. 

  28.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иду́т</em></span></p>
    29. 

  29.                   </td><td>
    30. 

  30.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ид-</em></span></p>
    31. 

  31.                   </td></tr><tr><td>
    32. 

  32.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поздра́вят</em></span></p>
    33. 

  33.                   </td><td>
    34. 

  34.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поздрав-</em></span></p>
    35. 

  35.                   </td></tr><tr><td>
    36. 

  36.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рабо́тают</em></span></p>
    37. 

  37.                   </td><td>
    38. 

  38.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">работа-</em></span></p>
    39. 

  39.                   </td></tr><tr><td>
    40. 

  40.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чита́ют</em></span></p>
    41. 

  41.                   </td><td>
    42. 

  42.                     <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чита-</em></span></p>
    43. 

  43.                   </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>and add <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-и</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-ь</em></span> (if what is left ends in a consonant):</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принеси́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">покажи́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">скажи́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плати́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иди́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бу́дьте</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">поздра́вьте</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>or add -й (if what is left ends in a vowel):</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">работай́те</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">читай́те</em></span></p></li></ul></div><p>Of course, you will find exceptions to this rule, so your best bet will be to simply
    44. 

  44.         memorize those imperative forms which you will hear or use most often.</p><p>As Russian makes a distinction between the informal <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> and the formal/plural <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span>, you will need to make that
    45. 

  45.         distinction with the imperative forms. The forms shown above are for <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span>. То make the <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> forms, simply drop
    46. 

  46.         the ending -те:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">принеси́</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">покажи́</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">скажи́</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">будь</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рабо́тай</em></span>, etc.</p></div><p>A command/request NOT to do something is made by simply adding <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">не</em></span></strong></span> in front of the
    47. 

  47.         imperative. Negative commands are usually formed using imperfective verbs. The imperatives
    48. 

  48.           <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">рабо́тай</em></span></strong></span> and
    49. 

  49.           <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">чита́й</em></span></strong></span> are
    50. 

  50.         examples of these.</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">He рабо́тай (-те)</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">He чита́й (-те)</em></span></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e18345"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №24.</h3></div></div></div><p>Go back through Lessons 1-6 and find imperative forms. Take note of when and how they
    51. 

  51.         are used; explain what they mean. With your instructor's help try to use them
    52. 

  52.         yourself.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d5e18349"/><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №25.</h3></div></div></div><div class="informalexample"><p>Translate the following:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Show me, please...</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Tell me, please...</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Please bring (me)...</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Be so kind.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Don't work!</p></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s09.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch08.xhtml">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s11.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Listening Comprehension Exercise </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Ordinal Numbers</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    53.