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- <title>5. In case you were wondering</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="html.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch04.html" title="Chapter 4. Lesson 4"><link rel="prev" href="ch04s04.html" title="4. Listening comprehension exercise"><link rel="next" href="ch04s06.html" title="6. Useful words and expressions"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">5. In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch04s04.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 4. Lesson 4</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch04s06.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e12607"></a>5. In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e12610"></a>5.1. The genitive case</h3></div></div></div><p>The Genitive case has a number of different functions, the most important ones being:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>- showing possession (the 's form in English)</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это машина Ивана.</em></span></td><td>This is Ivan's car</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это книга Марины.</em></span></td><td>This is Marina's book.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она живет в доме родителей.</em></span></td><td>She lives in her parents' house.</td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating a noun which modifies another noun</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он мэр Москвы.</em></span></td><td>Не is the mayor of Moscow.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это учебник русского языка.</em></span></td><td>This is a Russian language textbook.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она учительница математики.</em></span></td><td>She is a math teacher.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">стакан молока</em></span></td><td>a glass of milk</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">остановка автобуса</em></span></td><td>a bus stop</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бутылка вина</em></span></td><td>a bottle of wine</td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating quantity with numbers</p><p>2,3,4: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">книги</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">окна</em></span> (Gen. singular)</p><p>5-20: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">книг</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домов</em></span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">окон</em></span> (Gen. plural)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating absence of someone or something using the word нет (the opposite of <span class="bold"><strong>есть)</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Есть книги.</em></span></td><td>There are books.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет книг.</em></span></td><td>There aren't (any) books.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Есть время.</em></span></td><td>There is time.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Нет времени.</em></span></td><td>There's no time.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У него есть сын.</em></span></td><td>He has a son.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У него нет сына.</em></span></td><td>He doesn't have a son.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Иван сегодня на уроке.</em></span></td><td>Ivan is in class today.</td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ивана нет сегодня на уроке.</em></span></td><td>Ivan is not in class today.</td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>- indicating possession with preposition у followed by a noun or pronoun plus the word <span class="bold"><strong>есть</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>меня </strong></span>есть....</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>них </strong></span>есть...</em></span>.</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>Ивана</strong></span> есть....</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У <span class="bold"><strong>Ирины</strong></span> есть....</em></span></p><p>Note that the object owned is in the <span class="bold"><strong>nominative case</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня есть <span class="bold"><strong>книга</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У них есть <span class="bold"><strong>дети</strong></span>.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У Ивана есть <span class="bold"><strong>машина.</strong></span></em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У Ирины есть <span class="bold"><strong>собака.</strong></span></em></span></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e12820"></a>5.2. Personal pronouns</h3></div></div></div><p>The table below shows the forms of the Genitive case (G) for nouns and adjectives and compares them to Nominative case (N) and Accusative case (A).</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="1cm"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><col width="1*"><thead><tr align="center" valign="top"><td></td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">OH</em></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО</em></span></strong></span></td><td><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ</em></span></strong></span></td></tr></thead><tr align="center" valign="top"><td>N</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новый студент</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новая студентка</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старая квартира</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово</em></span></p><p>старое кресло</p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новые студенты</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span></p></td></tr><tr align="center" valign="top"><td>A</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новую студентку</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старую квартиру</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старое кресло</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span></p></td></tr><tr align="center" valign="top"><td>G</td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого дома</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студентки</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартиры</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового слова</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого кресла</em></span></p></td><td><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старых костюмов</em></span></p></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e12941"></a>5.3. <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражнение</em></span> №18.</h3></div></div></div><p>Find examples of the Genitive case in Lessons 2-4.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch04s04.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch04.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch04s06.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">4. 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