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- <title>4. In case you were wondering</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="html.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch06.html" title="Chapter 6. Lesson 6"><link rel="prev" href="ch06s03.html" title="3. Listening Comprehension Exercise"><link rel="next" href="ch06s05.html" title="5. Useful words and expressions"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">4. In case you were wondering</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch06s03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 6. Lesson 6</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch06s05.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e17170"></a>4. In case you were wondering</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e17173"></a>4.1. The Russian Verb</h3></div></div></div><p>Compared to the complexity of the English verbal system, the Russian one is quite simple.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="26%" align="center" class="c1"><col width="37%" align="center" class="c2"><col width="37%" align="center" class="c3"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">PAST</td><td align="center"><p>I worked</p><p>I did work</p><p>I was working</p><p>I had worked</p><p>I had been working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я работал</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">PRESENT</td><td align="center"><p>I work</p><p>I do work</p><p>I am working</p><p>I have worked</p><p>I habe been working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я работаю</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">FUTURE</td><td align="center"><p>I will work</p><p>I will be working</p><p>I will have worked</p><p>I will have been working</p><p>I am going to work</p><p>I am going to be working</p></td><td align="center" valign="middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я буду работать</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e17238"></a>4.2. The Past Tense</h3></div></div></div><p>Past tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in the nominative case) in gender or number. To form the past tense, take the infinitive работать, drop the ending -ть and add -л, -ла, -ло or -ли.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Оно</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span class="bold"><strong>Они</strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы работали</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы работали</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он работал</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она работала</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно работало</em></span></p></td><td align="center"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они работали</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e17313"></a>4.3. The Present Tense</h3></div></div></div><p>Present tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in the nominative case) in person and number. There are two conjugation patterns for the present tense. They differ only by the vowel which is used in the endings:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%"><col width="50%"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">First conjugation</th><th align="center">Second conjugation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я работаю</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я говорю</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты работаешь</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты говоришь</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно работает</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно говорит</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы работаем</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы говорим</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы работаете</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы говорите</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они работают</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они говорят</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d0e17385"></a>4.4. The future tense</h3></div></div></div><p>There are two ways to form verbs in the future tense:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Using a "helping verb" plus the<span class="bold"><strong> imperfectiv</strong></span>e infinitive:</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Conjugating a <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span> infinitive:</p></li></ol></div><p>The terms <span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span> refer to the distinction between 2 verbs whose actual meaning is the same, but whose focus shifts from viewing the action as process (ongoing in the past, present or future) to viewing a "limit" having been reached (in the past or future; present is precluded). Sometimes this limit is an "end" (a result) and other times it is a "beginning". For a more complete explanation of this phenomenon, consult a Russian grammar.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch06s03.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch06.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch06s05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">3. Listening Comprehension Exercise </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 5. Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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