FSI-Russian/FSI-chap2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<chapter version="5.0" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
  xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
  xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <title>Lesson 2</title>

  <informaltable colsep="0" floatstyle="" frame="all" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
    <tgroup align="center" cols="1">
      <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>Lesson №2</entry>
        </row>

        <row>
          <entry>GEOGRAPHY</entry>
        </row>

        <row>
          <entry>УРОК № 2</entry>
        </row>

        <row>
          <entry><inlinemediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-1.png"/>
              </imageobject>
            </inlinemediaobject></entry>
        </row>
      </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </informaltable>

  <section>
    <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Добро пожаловать в Россию</foreignphrase>! Welcome to
      Russia!</title>

    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >Россия</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase> Russia covers more than 6.5 million
      square miles or, roughly speaking, an area more than TWICE the size of the United States. The
      Ural Mountains divide the country into a European (western) half and an Asian (eastern)
      half.</para>

    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >Россия</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase> Russia covers more than 6.5 million
      square miles or, roughly speaking, an area more than TWICE the size of the United States. The
      Ural Mountains divide the country into a European (western) half and an Asian (eastern)
      half.</para>

    <para>To the west, Russia shares borders with Belarus, Ukraine, Latvia and Estonia. Southern
      Russia extends to the Caucasus Mountains, which form the frontier with Georgia and Azerbaijan.
      In the east, that portion of Russia known as <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis
          role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сибирь</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase>
      Siberia stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China in the
      south.</para>

    <para>The southern portion of Russia is composed primarily of flat, treeless plains known as
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >степь</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase> steppe. Siberia itself is comprised of
      a northern belt of permanently frozen, treeless plains <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis
          role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тундра</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase>
      and, more southerly, vast evergreen forests <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold"
            ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">тайга</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase>. The
      tundra region has one of the harshest climates known to mankind, with extremely long, cold
      winters and brief, often sweltering summers.</para>

    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Санкт
            Петербург</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase> St. Petersburg , founded by
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пётр
            Великий</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase> Peter the Great on the Gulf of
      Finland as a "window to the West", has been nicknamed the "brain" of Russia. This is mostly
      due to its "European" look, thanks to a regular, grid-like pattern of city planning.
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >Москва</foreignphrase></emphasis></foreignphrase> Moscow, on the other hand, is often
      referred to as the "soul", thanks to its more chaotic growth over the years and a more
      "Russian" look.</para>

    <para>The climate of Moscow is more continental than that of St. Petersburg, with summer
      temperatures averaging in the high 70s. Summers in both cities can be humid (though the level
      of humidity there can hardly compare with that of a typical DC summer!), with frequent
      thunderstorms that seem to come up without much warning. Winter can begin as early as October,
      with the first significant snowfalls in early November. Winter temperatures in Moscow, as in
      St. Petersburg, average in the mid-teens. Thanks to the effects of the Neva River and the Gulf
      of Finland, winters in St. Petersburg tend to feel more damp than those in Moscow. In general,
      the weather in these cities is similar to that in the northeastern U.S.</para>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Россия и карта мира</foreignphrase>.</title>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №1.</title>

      <para>Russia shares common borders with 14 different countries. They are listed here for you
        to read in Russian. After reading this list, see if you can find them on a map. Which of
        these are former republics of the Soviet Union?</para>

      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Норвегия</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Польша</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Казахстан</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Финляндия</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Белоруссия</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Китай</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Эстония</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Украина</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Монголия</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Латвия</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Грузия</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северная Корея</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Литва</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Азербайджан</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry/>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>Russia also borders on several large bodies of water. They are listed below:</para>

      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>

          <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>

          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Балтийское море</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Северный Ледовитый океан</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Финский залив</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тихий океан</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Чёрное море</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Японское море</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Азовское море</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Охотское море</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Каспийское море</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Берингово море</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №2.</title>

      <para>Using the compass points below, tell your instructor where the 14 nations andthe bodies
        of water are located:</para>

      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>in the north</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на севере</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>in the south</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на юге</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>in the west</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на западе</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>in the east</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на востоке</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-2.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>Russia is divided into a number of distinct areas, based on the geographic features of
        each region. Some of the most common of these are:</para>

      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Центральный район</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Central (region) Russia</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Урал</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Ural Mountains</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Поволжье</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Volga River Valley</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сибирь</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Siberia</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дальний Восток</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Far East</entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <?custom-pagebreak?>

      <para>The following cities are located in these geographic areas:</para>

      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1cm"/>

          <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>

          <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>

          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>1</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва в Центральном
                районе.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Moscow is in Central Russia.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>2</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Екатеринбург на Урале</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Yekaterinburg is in the Urals.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>3</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Волгоград в Поволжье.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Volgograd is in the Volga River Valley.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>4</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Новосибирск в Сибири.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Novosibirsk is in Siberia.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>5</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Владивосток на Дальнем
                Востоке.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Vladivostok is in the Far East.</entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <para>See if you can locate these cities on the map shown here.</para>

      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-3.png" width="15cm"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>After August 1991, the names of many Russian cities were changed:</para>

      <para><informaltable pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <thead>
              <row>
                <entry>Present</entry>

                <entry>Former</entry>
              </row>
            </thead>

            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербург</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ленинград</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>

              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нижний Новгород</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Горький</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>

              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Екатеринбург</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Свердловск</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>

              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тверь</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Калинин</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>

              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сергиев Посад</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Заго́рск</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable></para>

      <para>The same is true of numerous locations and landmarks in Moscow and other Russian
          cities:<informaltable frame="all" pgwide="1">
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>

            <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>

            <thead>
              <row>
                <entry>Present</entry>

                <entry>Former</entry>
              </row>
            </thead>

            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тверская</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">улица Горького</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>

              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Новинский бульвар</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">улица Чайковского</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>

              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Театральная площадь</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">площадь Свердлова</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>

              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лубянская площадь</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">площадь Дзержинского</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>

              <row>
                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Манежная площадь</foreignphrase></entry>

                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">площадь 50-летия Октября</foreignphrase></entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable></para>

      <para>But "Red Square" is still Red Square!</para>

      <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Красная
          площадь</foreignphrase></emphasis> has been called <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
            xml:lang="ru">Красная</foreignphrase></emphasis> (red) since the second half of the 17th
        century. The square was constructed towards the end of the 15th century (around the time of
        Columbus' discovery of America) when Tsar Ivan the Great <emphasis role="bold"
            ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Иван Великий</foreignphrase></emphasis> was building the
        magnificent cathedrals of the Kremlin <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >Кремль</foreignphrase></emphasis>, that walled fortress which was the heart of the
        city's defenses. Every major city in Russia would have had a Kremlin, but the Moscow one is
        by far the most famous.</para>

      <para>The square was first called <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >Торг</foreignphrase></emphasis> (Trading Place) and was the site for some very lively
        commerce. Later, in the 16th century, it became known as<emphasis role="bold">
          <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Троицкая</foreignphrase></emphasis> (Trinity Square) in honor
        of the Trinity Cathedral which stood at the southern end of the square. In 1571 the square
        was renamed <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >Пожар</foreignphrase></emphasis> (The Fire) after the great fire of that year. Finally,
        the square was named <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >Красная</foreignphrase></emphasis> when it was cleared of all the trading stalls at the
        end of the 17th century. At that time the word <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
            xml:lang="ru">красный</foreignphrase>
        </emphasis>(red) meant <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
            >красивый</foreignphrase></emphasis> (beautiful), and had nothing to do with the red
        brick of the Kremlin wall which runs along one of its sides.</para>

      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-4.png" width="13cm"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №3.</title>

      <para>Listen to the sentences your instructor will read aloud and write down in English any
        place names you recognize</para>

      <para>1. ____________________</para>

      <para>2. ____________________</para>

      <para>3. ____________________</para>

      <para>4. ____________________</para>

      <para>5. ____________________</para>

      <para>6. ____________________</para>

      <para>7. ____________________</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №4.</title>

      <para>Listen to the statements your instructor will read aloud and indicate whether they are
        true (T) or false (F)<informaltable frame="void">
          <col width="33%"/>

          <col width="33%"/>

          <col width="33%"/>

          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>1. ____________________</td>

              <td>4. ____________________</td>

              <td>7. ____________________</td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>2. ____________________</td>

              <td>5. ____________________</td>

              <td/>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>3. ____________________</td>

              <td>6. ____________________</td>

              <td/>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </informaltable></para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №5.</title>

      <para>Practice writing place names in Russian as your instructor reads them aloud. He/she will
        read each one twice and then will write them on the board so that you can check your
        work.</para>

      <para>1. ____________________</para>

      <para>2. ____________________</para>

      <para>3.. ____________________</para>

      <para>4. ____________________</para>

      <para>5. ____________________</para>

      <para>6. ____________________</para>

      <para>7. ____________________</para>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №6.</title>

      <para>Answer the following questions according to the model.</para>

      <informaltable width="100%">
        <col width="4cm"/>

        <col width="1*"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Instructor:</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва - столица
              России</foreignphrase>?</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Student:</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Да, Москва - столица
              России.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Осло - столица Норвегии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Хельсинки - столица Финляндии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Париж - столица Франции?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бонн - столица Германии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Варшава - столица Польши</foreignphrase>?</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Оттава - столица Канады?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вашингтон - столица Америки?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лондон - столица Англии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мадрид - столица Испании?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рим - столица Италии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №7.</title>

      <para>Answer the questions truthfully, according to the models:</para>

      <informaltable colsep="0" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="4cm"/>

          <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>

          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>Instructor:</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Париж - столица Франции?</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>Student:</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Да, Париж - столица
                Франции.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>Instructor:</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Анкара - столица Индии?</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>Student:</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нет, Новый Дели - столица
                Индии.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Токио - столица Китая?</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
              xml:lang="ru">Пекин</foreignphrase>)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Манила - столица Филиппин?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мадрас - столица Индии?</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
              xml:lang="ru">Новый Дели</foreignphrase>)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Анкара - столица Ирана?</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
              xml:lang="ru">Тегеран</foreignphrase>)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лондон - столица Англии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Стокгольм - столица Швеции?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Афины - столица Греции?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Канберра - столица Австрии?
              </foreignphrase>(<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вена</foreignphrase>)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Каир - столица Египта?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Аддис-Абеба - столица Эфиопии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тель-Авив - столица Израиля?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Р<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">им - столица Итапии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мадрид - столица Португалии?</foreignphrase>
              (<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Лиссабон</foreignphrase>)</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Гавана - столица Кубы?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №8: <foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru">какой</foreignphrase>?</title>

      <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Какой</foreignphrase>? is the question word which asks:
        "Which?". Listen carefully as your instructor asks:</para>

      <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Какой город столица
            Англии?</foreignphrase></emphasis></para>

      <para>Which city is the capital of England?</para>

      <para>You'll answer:</para>

      <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
        >Лондон</foreignphrase>.</emphasis></para>

      <para>Continue, using the cities and countries given in Exercise 7. See how many you might be
        able to add on your own.</para>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №9: что это?</title>

      <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Что это?</foreignphrase></emphasis>
        asks "What is this? What is that?" When answering, you'll begin your answer with
          <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold">Это</emphasis></foreignphrase>... This
        is/That is...</para>

      <para>Now your instructor will point to various cities on the map and will ask:</para>

      <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Что это?</foreignphrase></emphasis>
        What is this? (pointing to Moscow)</para>

      <para>You'll answer by naming the city, using this model:</para>

      <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"><emphasis role="bold">Это
          Москва</emphasis>.</foreignphrase> That is Moscow.</para>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №10:<foreignphrase
          xml:lang="ru"> где?</foreignphrase>
        <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вот</foreignphrase>.</title>

      <para>Answer the following questions substituting the appropriate pronoun for the noun.</para>

      <informaltable colsep="0" pgwide="1" rowsep="0">
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>Instructor</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Москва?</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Лондон?</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Чёрное море?</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry>Student</entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вот она.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вот он.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вот оно.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable border="0" frame="void" width="100%">
        <col width="1*"/>

        <col width="1*"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold">A.</emphasis></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold">В.</emphasis></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Лондон?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Прага?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Париж?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Тирана?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где
              Санкт-Петербург?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Москва?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Берлин?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где София?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Мадрид?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Варшава?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Рим?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Вена?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где
            Вашингтон?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где
            Братислава?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где город
            Токио?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Ялта?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где город
            Осло?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Гаага?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold">С.</emphasis></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold">D.</emphasis></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Россия?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Каспийское
              море?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Канада?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Чёрное
            море?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Япония?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где озеро
            Байкал?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Эфиопия?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где Балтийское
              море?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №11.</title>

      <para>Take a look at the following advertisements. Pick out all words which are familiar to
        you. Any guesses as to what the ads are all about? Ask your instructor if you need
        help.</para>

      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata align="center" condition="" fileref="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-5.png"
            width="17cm"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №12.</title>

      <para/>

      <para>Your instructor wants you to show where various places are on the map. He/she will ask
        you:</para>

      <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите</foreignphrase>...</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите Волгу.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите Сибирь.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите Тихий океан.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите Финский залив.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите Каспийское море.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите Северный Ледовитый
            океан.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите Чёрное море.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №13.</title>

      <para>Read through this list of Russian cities and sort them according to the regions</para>

      <para>in the table below. Use the map, or ask your instructor for help.</para>

      <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Иркутск</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >Владивосток</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Хабаровск</foreignphrase>,
          <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Пермь</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >Самара</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Челябинск</foreignphrase>,
          <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >Новгород</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Екатеринбург</foreignphrase>,
          <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Петропавловск</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >Оренбург</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тверь</foreignphrase>,
          <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Красноярск</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >Кострома</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Новосибирск</foreignphrase>,
          <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Владимир</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >Саратов</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ярославль</foreignphrase>.</para>

      <informaltable border="1" frame="box" width="100%">
        <col width="30%"/>

        <col width="70%"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сибирь</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Дальний
            Восток</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Поволжье</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Урал</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Центральный
            район</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Климат России. Погода.</foreignphrase></title>

      <para/>

      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Россия большая страна.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Russia is a large country.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Климат России разнообразный:на Крайнем Севере -
                  арктический.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>The climate of Russia is varied:in the Far North - arctic.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">На юге, в Сочи
                -субтропический.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>In the south, in Sotchi - subtropical.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В европейской части Россиии в Сибири климат
                  умеренный, континентальный.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>In the European part of Russia and in Siberia the climate is moderate,
                continental.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">На западе - мягкий,на востоке и северо-востоке
                  -очень холодный и суровый.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>In the west it is mild and in the east and northeast - very cold and
                severe.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">На Дальнем Востоке климат
                морской.</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>In the Far East the climate is maritime.</entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №14.</title>

      <para>Examine the weather forecasts below and:</para>

      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>a. read the names of the cities and the legend (explanation of symbols).</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>b. tell where it is sunny <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                >солнечно</foreignphrase></emphasis>, overcast <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                xml:lang="ru">облачно</foreignphrase></emphasis>, raining <emphasis role="bold">
              <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">дождь</foreignphrase></emphasis> or snowing <emphasis
              role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">снег</foreignphrase></emphasis>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata align="center" fileref="Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-6.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Россия и Ближнее Зарубежье.</foreignphrase> Russia and the
        Newly Independent States of Eurasia</title>

      <informaltable pgwide="1">
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="4cm"/>

          <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>

          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Россия</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва - столица России.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В России живут русские.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Украина</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Киев - столица Украины.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Украине живут украинцы.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Латвия</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рига - столица Латвии. </foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Латвии живут латыши</foreignphrase>.</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Литва</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вильнюс - столица Литвы.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Литве живут литовцы.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Эстония</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Таллин - столица Эстонии.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Эстонии живут эстонцы.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Молдавия</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кишинёв - столица Молдавии.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Молдавии живут молдаване.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Белоруссия</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Минск - столица Белоруссии.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"> В Белоруссии живут белорусы.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Грузия</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тбилиси - столица Грузии.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Грузии живут грузины.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Армения</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ереван - столица Армении.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Армении живут армяне.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Азербайджан</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Баку - столица Азербайджана.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Азербайджане живут
                азербайджанцы.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Узбекистан</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ташкент - столица Узбекистана.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Узбекистане живут узбеки.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Казахстан</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Алма-Ата - столица Казахстана. В Казахстане живут
                  казахи.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Туркмения</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ашхабад - столица Туркмении.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Туркмении живут туркмены.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Таджикистан</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Душанбе - столица Таджикистана.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Таджикистане живут таджики.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >Киргизия</foreignphrase></emphasis></entry>

              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бишкек - столица Киргизии.</foreignphrase>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Киргизии живут киргизы.</foreignphrase></entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №15.</title>

      <para>Fill in the blanks, orally.</para>

      <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
        <col width="1.06*"/>

        <col width="1.0*"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1. ____________________</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">столица
              Белоруссии.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2. ____________________</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">столица
            Грузии.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3. ____________________</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">столица
            Киргизии.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4. ____________________</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">столица
              Туркмении.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5. ____________________</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">столица
            Литвы.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6. ____________________</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">столица
            Украины.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7. ____________________</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">столица
              Узбекистана.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №16.</title>

      <para>Fill in the blanks, orally.</para>

      <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
        <col width="1*"/>

        <col width="1*"/>

        <tbody>
          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1. <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Армении
                живут</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">____________________</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>

        <tbody>
          <tr valign="top">
            <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2. <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Азербайджане
                живут</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">____________________</td>
          </tr>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3. <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Молдавии
                живут</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">____________________</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>

        <tbody>
          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4. <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Эстонии
                живут</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">____________________</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>

        <tbody>
          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5. <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Таджикистане
                живут</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">____________________</td>
          </tr>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6. <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Казахстане
                живут</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">____________________</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>

        <tbody>
          <tr align="left" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7. <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Латвии
                живут</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">____________________</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №17.</title>

      <para>Answer the following questions according the models:</para>

      <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
        <col width="4cm"/>

        <col width="1*"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Instructor:</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Таджики живут в
              Таджикистане?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Student:</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Да, они живут в
              Таджикистане.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Instructor:</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Эстонцы живут в
              Латвии?</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Student:</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Нет, они живут в
              Эстонии.</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
        <col width="1.0cm"/>

        <col width="1.0*"/>

        <col width="1.02*"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Русские живут в
              России?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Грузины живут в
              Грузии?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Казахи живут в
              Казахстане?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Молдаване живут в
              Белоруссии?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Узбеки живут в
              Латвии?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Туркмены живут в
              Киргизии?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Азербайджанцы живут в
              Литве?</foreignphrase></td>

          <td>____________________</td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>

      <para>Of course, as you well know, the Newly Independent States are home to many
        nationalities. The above exercise, and the ones following, in no way suggest that these new
        countries have entirely homogeneous populations.</para>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №18.</title>

      <para>Using the map, indicate the home countries of the given nationalities.</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите где живут украинцы.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите где живут узбеки.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите где живут армяне.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите где живут русские.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите где живут белорусы.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите где живут литовцы.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №19.</title>

      <para>Using the map, indicate the capitals of the following countries:</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите столицу Казахстана.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите столицу Молдавии.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите столицу Туркмении.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите столицу Украины.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите столицу России.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите столицу Армении.</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №20.</title>

      <para/>

      <para>Listen to the following statements your instructor will read aloud. Indicate whether
        they are true (<emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
          >правильно</foreignphrase></emphasis>) or false (<emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
            xml:lang="ru">неправильно</foreignphrase></emphasis>):</para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Киргизии живут киргизы?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Таджики живут в Таджикистане?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Узбекистане живут узбеки?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Русские живут в Азербайджане?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Эстонии живут казахи?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Латыши живут в Латвии?</foreignphrase></para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Упражнение</foreignphrase> №21.</title>

      <para>Match the countries with their capitals.</para>

      <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
        <col width="1*"/>

        <col width="1*"/>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Эстония</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ереван</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Таджикистан</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Рига</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Россия</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Минск</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Казахстан</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Тбилиси</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Литва</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Бишкек</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Грузия</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Киев</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Туркмения</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вильнюс</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Молдавия</td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Москва</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Латвия</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Душанбе</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Узбекистан</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ашхабад</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Армения</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кишинёв</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Украина</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Таллин</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Азербайджан</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Баку</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Белоруссия</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Алма-ата</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>

        <tr valign="top">
          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Киргизия</foreignphrase></td>

          <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ташкент</foreignphrase></td>
        </tr>
      </informaltable>
    </section>

    <?custom-pagebreak?>

    <section>
      <title>In case you were wondering</title>

      <section>
        <title>A. Cases</title>

        <para/>

        <para>Russian is an <emphasis role="italic">inflected </emphasis>language which simply means
          that nouns (and their modifiers) will change their shape to indicate a change of function
          within the sentence. A noun may function as a <emphasis role="bold">subject</emphasis>, an
            <emphasis role="bold">indirect object</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">direct
            object</emphasis> or the <emphasis role="bold">object of a preposition</emphasis>. In
          each instance it will change its ending to inform you of its particular role.</para>

        <para>Each of these functions is indicated by a set of endings (1 each for each of the
          genders and 1 for plural), which are grouped into CASES:</para>

        <informaltable width="100%">
          <col width="40%"/>

          <col width="60%"/>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1. Nominative</td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">names the subject (who? what?)</td>
          </tr>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2. Genitive</td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">shows possession (whose?)</td>
          </tr>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3. Dative</td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">indicates the indirect object, recipient of the action (to
              whom? to what?)</td>
          </tr>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4. Accusative</td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">indicates the direct object (whom? what?)</td>
          </tr>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5. Instrumental</td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">indicates instrument or means; or accompaniment (how? with
              what? with whom?)</td>
          </tr>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6. Locative/Prepositional</td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">shows location (where?); indicates the object of the
              preposition (about whom? about what?)</td>
          </tr>
        </informaltable>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>B. Gender of Russian nouns</title>

        <para>All Russian nouns belong to one of three <emphasis role="italic">grammatical
            </emphasis><emphasis role="bold">genders: </emphasis><emphasis role="bold">masculine,
            neuter </emphasis>or <emphasis role="bold">feminine. </emphasis>Do not confuse <emphasis
            role="bold">gender </emphasis>with <emphasis role="bold">sex; </emphasis>the word for
          table in Russian is a <emphasis role="bold">masculine gender </emphasis>noun, but there's
          nothing <emphasis role="italic">male </emphasis>about the object; book in Russian is a
            <emphasis role="bold">feminine gender </emphasis>noun, but there's nothing inherently
            <emphasis role="italic">female </emphasis>about it. However, nouns referring to male
          beings will (usually) be masculine gender; those referring to female beings will be
          feminine gender.</para>

        <para>In most cases, the gender of the noun can be determined by its ending. The table below
          illustrates this:</para>

        <informaltable border="1" width="100%">
          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold">MASCULINE</emphasis></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold">NEUTER</emphasis></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold">FEMININE</emphasis></td>
          </tr>

          <tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">end in a consonant or<emphasis role="bold"
              >-b</emphasis></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">end in -<emphasis role="bold">о</emphasis> or -<emphasis
                role="bold">е</emphasis></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">end in -<emphasis role="bold">а</emphasis>, -<emphasis
                role="bold">я</emphasis> or -<emphasis role="bold">ь</emphasis></td>
          </tr>

          <tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">паспорт</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">автомобиль</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">портфель</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">озеро</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">море</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">пальто</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">виза</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">фамилия</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Сибирь</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>
          </tr>

          <tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >он</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >оно</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >она</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>
          </tr>
        </informaltable>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>C. Adjectives.</title>

        <para>Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number and case. This means
          that when a singular feminine noun is in the nominative case (the subject of the
          sentence), the adjective that describes that noun must be nominative, singular, feminine.
          Since the noun and adjective do not necessarily stand together in the sentence, agreement
          is especially important. Agreement in the nominative may look like this:</para>

        <informaltable border="1" width="100%">
          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="ru">OН</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>

            <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="ru">ОНО</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>

            <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="ru">ОНА</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>
          </tr>

          <tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">новый дом</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хороший студент</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>

            <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">новое здание </foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хорошее вино</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">новая квартира </foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">хорошая студентка</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>
          </tr>
        </informaltable>

        <informaltable border="1" width="100%">
          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <tr valign="top">
            <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="ru">ОНИ</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>

            <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="ru">ОНИ</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>

            <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="ru">ОНИ</foreignphrase></emphasis></td>
          </tr>

          <tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">новые дома</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">а хорошие студенты</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">новые здания</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"> хорошие вина</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">новые квартиры</foreignphrase>
              </para>
              <para>
                <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"> хорошие студентки</foreignphrase>
              </para></td>
          </tr>
        </informaltable>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>D. Personal pronouns.</title>

        <para/>

        <para>Russian uses pronouns in much the same way English does; they take the place of, or
          refer back to nouns. The table below shows the correspondence between Russian and English
          pronouns:</para>

        <informalexample>
          <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
            <col width="3cm"/>

            <col width="1*"/>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я</foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">I</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">you (sing, and informal)</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >он</foreignphrase>/<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >она</foreignphrase>/<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оно</foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">he/she/it</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы</foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">we</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы</foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">you (pi. and formal)</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">они</foreignphrase></td>

              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">they</td>
            </tr>
          </informaltable>
        </informalexample>

        <para>As you can see by this table, Russian has two pronouns for the second person you.
            <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Ты</foreignphrase></emphasis> is
          informal and singular; <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
              >вы</foreignphrase></emphasis> is formal and/or plural. (See the comments on <emphasis
            role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты</foreignphrase></emphasis> and<emphasis
            role="bold">
            <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы</foreignphrase></emphasis> in Lesson 3).</para>

        <para>As in English, Russian pronouns change form as their function changes in the sentence.
          Take a look at the following sentences:</para>

        <para><emphasis role="bold">I know you.</emphasis></para>

        <para><emphasis role="bold">You know me. </emphasis></para>

        <para>I changes to me when it switches from the role of subject to the role of
          object.</para>

        <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я знаю
            вас.</foreignphrase></emphasis></para>

        <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вы знаете
            меня.</foreignphrase></emphasis></para>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>E. <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вот</foreignphrase></title>

        <para><emphasis role="bold">Вот </emphasis>is used in Russian in the sense of "Here is..."
          when pointing to something or someone. For example:</para>

        <informalexample>
          <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
            <col width="1*"/>

            <col width="1*"/>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">-Где
                багаж?</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Where's the luggage?</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">-Вот он.</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Here it is.</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">-Где
                Линда?</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Where's Linda?</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">-Вот
                она.</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Here she is.</td>
            </tr>
          </informaltable>
        </informalexample>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>F. Why do verbs have different forms?</title>

        <para/>

        <para>The verb<emphasis role="bold">
            <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жить</foreignphrase></emphasis> [to live] appears in two
          forms in this lesson: <emphasis role="bold">(<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
              >он</foreignphrase>/<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">она</foreignphrase>)
            </emphasis><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">живёт</foreignphrase>
          </emphasis>and <emphasis role="bold">(<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">он</foreignphrase>и)
              <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">живут</foreignphrase>. </emphasis>Verbs in Russian, as in
          English, agree with their subjects in terms of person (I, you, he/she, we, they) and
          number (He <emphasis role="italic">lives, </emphasis>vs They <emphasis role="italic"
            >live.). </emphasis>The two forms indicated here are for a singular subject and a plural
          subject, respectively.</para>

        <para><informalexample>
            <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
              <col width="1*"/>

              <col width="1*"/>

              <tr valign="top">
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Он живёт в
                    Москве.</foreignphrase></td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Не lives in Moscow.</td>
              </tr>

              <tr valign="top">
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Она живёт в
                    Киеве.</foreignphrase></td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">She lives in Kiev.</td>
              </tr>

              <tr valign="top">
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Они живут в
                    Америке.</foreignphrase></td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">They live in America.</td>
              </tr>

              <tr valign="top">
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кто живёт в
                    Украине?</foreignphrase></td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Who lives in Ukraine?</td>
              </tr>

              <tr valign="top">
                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В Украине живут
                    украинцы.</foreignphrase></td>

                <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ukrainians live in Ukraine.</td>
              </tr>
            </informaltable>
          </informalexample></para>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>G. The verb жить (present tense)</title>

        <para>Here is the verb <emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
              >жить</foreignphrase>
          </emphasis>in all forms of the present tense:</para>

        <informalexample>
          <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
            <col width="4cm"/>

            <col width="4cm"/>

            <tr align="center">
              <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1" valign="top"><emphasis role="bold"
                    ><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жить</foreignphrase> / to live</emphasis></td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я живу</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">мы живём</foreignphrase></td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ты
                живёшь</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вы
                живёте</foreignphrase></td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">он живёт</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">они
                живут</foreignphrase></td>
            </tr>
          </informaltable>
        </informalexample>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>Н. The question word <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какой</foreignphrase></title>

        <para/>

        <para><emphasis role="bold"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Какой</foreignphrase>,
              <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какое</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
              >какая</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какие</foreignphrase>
          </emphasis>is a question word which asks: «Which?» or «What kind of? ...» It is an
          adjective and will agree in gender, number and case with the word it modifies. The first
          three forms shown here are the masculine, neuter and feminine forms, respectively. The
          fourth is the plural. Compare these forms to those of the adjectives in the table on page
          29.</para>

        <informaltable width="100%">
          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <col width="1*"/>

          <tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">OH</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">OHO</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ОНА</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">ОНИ</foreignphrase></td>
          </tr>

          <tr align="center" valign="top">
            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какой</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какое</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какая</foreignphrase></td>

            <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какие</foreignphrase></td>
          </tr>
        </informaltable>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>Nominative Case</title>

        <para>The nominative case is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. It is also used for
          other nouns in the sentence which give more information about the subject. As it is the
          dictionary form for nouns and adjectives, you should memorize nouns and adjectives in
          their nominative case forms.</para>

        <informalexample>
          <informaltable border="0" width="100%">
            <col width="1*"/>

            <col width="1*"/>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Я иду в
                  театр.</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">I am going to the theater.</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Книга на
                  столе.</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">The book is on the table.</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Вот дом.</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">There is the house.</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Это моя
                  ручка.</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">This is my pen.</td>
            </tr>

            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Мой брат -
                  инженер.</foreignphrase></td>

              <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">My brother is an engineer.</td>
            </tr>

            <tr align="left">
              <td><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">В институте работают американские
                  физики.</foreignphrase></td>

              <td>American physicists work in the institute.</td>
            </tr>
          </informaltable>
        </informalexample>

        <para>Because Russian has cases, word order in a sentence is less important than it is in
          English. The subject [that noun plus its modifiers in the nominative case] can come at the
          beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence. Knowing the nominative case
          endings for nouns and adjectives will help you find the subject of the sentence more
          quickly.</para>

        <para>Adjectives are linked to their nouns by their endings. The adjective may stand in
          front of, after, or at a distance from the noun it modifies. You can always find the
          adjective which modifies a noun by looking for the one whose ending matches in gender,
          number, and case that of the noun.</para>

        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Это Бел<emphasis role="bold">ый</emphasis>
            дом.</foreignphrase></para>

        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Она учительниц<emphasis role="bold">а</emphasis>
              хорош<emphasis role="bold">ая</emphasis>, опытн<emphasis role="bold"
            >ая</emphasis>.</foreignphrase></para>

        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Русск<emphasis role="bold">ий</emphasis> язык очень
              интересн<emphasis role="bold">ый</emphasis>, но трудн<emphasis role="bold"
              >ый</emphasis>.</foreignphrase></para>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Useful words and expressions</title>

      <para/>

      <table pgwide="1">
        <title>Useful words and expressions</title>

        <tgroup cols="2">
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">в</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>in, inside</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">восток; на востоке</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>east; in the east</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">вот</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>here</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Где?</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Where?</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">город</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>city, town</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Добро пожаловать!</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Welcome</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><para>
                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">жить</foreignphrase>
                </para>
                <para>(<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">я живу</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
                    xml:lang="ru">вы живёте</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">они
                    живут</foreignphrase>)</para></entry>

              <entry>to live</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">запад</foreignphrase>; <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="ru">на западе</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>west; in the west</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какой</foreignphrase>/<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >какое</foreignphrase>/<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >какая</foreignphrase>/<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">какие</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>what kind of; which; which one(s)</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кто?</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>who</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Кто это?</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>Who is that?</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">на</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>on; at; in</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">он</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru"
                  >она</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">оно</foreignphrase>,
                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">они</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>he; she; it; they</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Покажите</foreignphrase>...</entry>

              <entry>Show...</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">погода</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>weather</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">север</foreignphrase>; <foreignphrase
                  xml:lang="ru">на севере</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>north; in the north</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">столица</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>capital</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">что</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>what</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">Что это?</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>What is that/this</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">это</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>this/that</entry>
            </row>

            <row>
              <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">юг</foreignphrase>;<foreignphrase xml:lang="ru">
                  на юге</foreignphrase></entry>

              <entry>south; in the south</entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </table>
    </section>
  </section>
</chapter>