eric
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FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"><head xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" profile=""><title>The Instrumental Case</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/></head><body><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d0e29681" shape="rect"/>The Instrumental Case</h1></div></div></div><p>Now you have seen all six of the cases in Russian. Like the Genitive, Dative and
      Accusative cases, the Instrumental may be used both with and without a preposition. Recall
      that the Nominative is NEVER used with a preposition and the Locative/Prepositional is ALWAYS
      used with one.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>Most often, the Instrumental is used with the preposition "<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">с</em></span>" to indicate accompaniment; "with" in English:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хочу хлеб с маслом.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На закуску принесите грибы со
            сметаной.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы обедаем с друзьями.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The Instrumental is also used without a preposition to indicate the means by which
          something is done (English "with" again), or the manner in which the action is
          accomplished:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он ест суп ложкой.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он говорит громким голосом.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The Instrumental is used to answer the question <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span> When? with parts of the day and seasons of the year:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup span="1"><col style="text-align: center" class="c1" span="1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2" span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">утро</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">утром</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">день</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">днём</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вечер</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вечером</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночь весна</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночью
                  весной</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лето</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">летом</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">осень</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">осенью</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зима</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зимой</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>The table below shows the Instrumental Case forms for the singular and plural forms of
      nouns and adjectives and compares them to the Nominative (N), Genitive (G), Dative (D),
      Accusative (A) and Locative (L).</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup span="1"><col class="c1" span="1"/><col class="c2" span="1"/><col class="c3" span="1"/><col class="c4" span="1"/><col class="c5" span="1"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center" rowspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">0H</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА</em></span></p></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ</em></span></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новый студент </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новая студентка </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старая квартира</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старое кресло</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новые студенты</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span>
              </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старый дом</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новую студентку </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старую квартиру</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новое слово </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старое кресло</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старые костюмы</em></span>
              </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового студента </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого дома</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студентки</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартиры</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нового слова </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старого кресла</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новых студентов</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старых костюмов</em></span>
              </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новом студенте </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старом доме</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новой студентке</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старой квартире</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в новом слове </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старом кресле</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о новых студентах</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в старых костюмах</em></span>
              </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">D</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новому студенту </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старому дому</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студентке </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартире</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новому слову </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старому креслу</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентам</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым костюмам</em></span>
              </p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентом</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым домом</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новой студенткой </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старой квартирой</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым словом </em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старым кеслом</em></span>
              </p></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">новым студентами</em></span>
              </p>
              <p>
                <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">старыми костюмами</em></span>
              </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></body></html>